Personal Injury and FatalAccident Cases · FRONT COVER 33337 tso actuarial ... Personal Injury and FatalAccident Cases Prepared by an Inter-disciplinaryWorking Party ofActuaries,

Government Actuary’s Department

Actuarial Tables

With explanatory notesfor use in

Personal Injury andFatal Accident Cases

Sixth edition

TSO

FRONT COVER33337 tso actuarial tables:33337 tso actuarial tables 20/4/07 15:18 Page i

MEMBERS OF THE WORKING PARTYRESPONSIBLE FOR THE SIXTH EDITION

Chairman: Robin deWilde QC

Chris Daykin, CB, FIA The Government Actuary

Professor Andrew Burrows Formerly of The Law Commission

Harvey McGregor QC Invited by the Chairman

Rowland Hogg, FCA Invited by the Chairman

Anthony Carus, FIA Invited by the Chairman

Ian Sinho RBS Insurance

Grahame Codd, Solicitor Association of Personal Injuries Lawyers

Chinu Patel, FIA Institute of Actuaries

John Pollock, FFA Faculty of Actuaries

James Campbell QC Faculty of Advocates

Nicholas Mostyn QC Family Law Bar Association

Richard Methuen QC Personal Injuries Bar Association

Simon Levene Professional Negligence Bar Association

Martin Bruffell, Solicitor Forum of Insurance Lawyers

Graeme Garrett, Solicitor The Law Society of Scotland

J W Bailie President, Law Society of Northern Ireland

Brendan Garland General Council of the Bar of Northern Ireland

John Mead NHS Litigation Authority

Harry Trusted, Barrister Secretary to the Working Party

Cara Guthrie, Barrister Assistant Secretary to the Working Party

INSIDE FRONT COVER33337 tso actuarial tables:33337 tso actuarial tables 20/4/07 15:18 Page ii

Government Actuary’s Department

Actuarial Tables

With explanatory notesfor use in

Personal Injury andFatal Accident Cases

Prepared by anInter-disciplinary Working Partyof Actuaries, Lawyers, Accountantsand other interested parties

Sixth edition

LONDON: TSO

33337 tso actuarial tables:33337 tso actuarial tables 20/4/07 15:18 Page 1

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Table of Contents

PageMembers of Working Party responsible for Sixth Edition Inside front coverIntroduction to Sixth Edition 5Explanatory Notes

Section A General 7Section B Contingencies other than mortality 13Section C Summary of Personal Injury applications 18Section D Application of tables to Fatal Accident cases 22Section E Concluding remarks 30

Tables 1 to 26Table 1 Multipliers for pecuniary loss for life (males) 32Table 2 Multipliers for pecuniary loss for life (females) 34Table 3 Multipliers for loss of earnings to pension age 50 (males) 36Table 4 Multipliers for loss of earnings to pension age 50 (females) 37Table 5 Multipliers for loss of earnings to pension age 55 (males) 38Table 6 Multipliers for loss of earnings to pension age 55 (females) 39Table 7 Multipliers for loss of earnings to pension age 60 (males) 40Table 8 Multipliers for loss of earnings to pension age 60 (females) 41Table 9 Multipliers for loss of earnings to pension age 65 (males) 42Table 10 Multipliers for loss of earnings to pension age 65 (females) 43Table 11 Multipliers for loss of earnings to pension age 70 (males) 44Table 12 Multipliers for loss of earnings to pension age 70 (females) 45Table 13 Multipliers for loss of earnings to pension age 75 (males) 46Table 14 Multipliers for loss of earnings to pension age 75 (females) 47Table 15 Multipliers for loss of pension commencing age 50 (males) 48Table 16 Multipliers for loss of pension commencing age 50 (females) 49Table 17 Multipliers for loss of pension commencing age 55 (males) 50Table 18 Multipliers for loss of pension commencing age 55 (females) 51Table 19 Multipliers for loss of pension commencing age 60 (males) 52Table 20 Multipliers for loss of pension commencing age 60 (females) 53Table 21 Multipliers for loss of pension commencing age 65 (males) 54Table 22 Multipliers for loss of pension commencing age 65 (females) 55Table 23 Multipliers for loss of pension commencing age 70 (males) 56Table 24 Multipliers for loss of pension commencing age 70 (females) 57Table 25 Multipliers for loss of pension commencing age 75 (males) 58Table 26 Multipliers for loss of pension commencing age 75 (females) 60

Tables 27 and 28 (Tables for term certain)Table 27 Discounting factors for term certain 62Table 28 Multipliers for pecuniary loss for term certain 64Actuarial formulae and basis 67



INTRODUCTION to the 6th Edition of the OGDEN TABLES

“When it comes to the explanatory notes we must make sure that they are readily comprehensible. We must assume themost stupid circuit judge in the country and before him are the two most stupid advocates. All three of them must be ableto understand what we are saying.”

Sir Michael Ogden QC,on his explanatory notes to the

First Edition of the Ogden Tables.1

1. This is the second edition published since Sir Michael Ogden’s death. The new multipliers provided by theGovernment Actuary’s Department use mortality rates from the latest available population projections, which takeaccount of data following the last National Census. In general, such figures have added about 1% for most younger agesto the previous figures. There are, however, other matters here, which are discussed below and described in detail in theExplanatory Notes.

The purpose of the Ogden Tables

2. The Tables are designed to help in the calculation of future pecuniary losses.

3. The number of cases that actually fall into the multitrack, that is are worth more than £15,000, is small, andestimated by some to be only some 5% of the total claims notified. I express it as ‘claims notified’ for the practice ofinsurers has changed and now many cases are settled early without the need for the issue of proceedings.

4. When the Tables were first produced, it was on the basis that the appropriate discount rate should be chosen withregard to the yields on Index Linked Government Stock (ILGS). This was the argument presented to the House of LordsinWells v.Wells [1999] 1A.C. 345 and accepted by them in their speeches. When Lord Chancellor Irvine set the discountrate, he elected not to follow that course, but gave his own reasoning for selecting the discount rate that he chose. Thiswas something that he was entitled to do under the powers granted to him in the Damages Act 1996. He is also requiredunder the Act to keep the discount rate he chooses under constant review, which it is said that both Lord Chancellor Irvineand his successor Lord Falconer constantly did and do.

Mortality

5. For the most part, the new multipliers provided by the Government Actuary’s Department use mortality rates fromthe latest available population projections, which take account of data following the last National Census. In general, suchfigures have had most effect on the multipliers at younger ages for loss of pension; there has been very little change inthe multipliers for loss of earnings and increases of between 0% and 4% for multipliers for pecuniary loss for lifecompared to those in the Fifth Edition.

Contingencies other than Mortality

6. This is the most significant contribution to this edition of the Ogden Tables. It is based on two recent and interestingpieces of research which consider the impact of contingencies other than mortality on working life. This research wascarried out, in two separate exercises, by Professor Richard Verrall, Professor Steven Haberman and Mr Zoltan Butt ofCity University, London and by Dr Victoria Wass of Cardiff University.

7. The findings of these two pieces of research have been combined to produce the tables which are set out in SectionB of this edition of the Ogden Tables and which replace the Section B tables which were introduced in the Second Edition.

8. The Ogden Working Party thinks that these tables are likely to prove useful to lawyers when it comes to assessingthe appropriate discount to the working life multiplier for contingencies other than mortality.

9. The research demonstrates that people without disabilities spend more time out of employment than earlier researchhad suggested. It is therefore appropriate to apply a higher discount for contingencies other than mortality than wasindicated in the Section B tables introduced in the Second Edition of the Ogden Tables. The effect of this is that someclaims for loss of earnings are likely to come down.

10. The research also demonstrates that the factors, other than gender, which have the most effect on a person’s futureemployment status are: (i) whether the person was employed or unemployed at the outset, (ii) whether the person is

5

1 Memoirs of Sir Michael Ogden QC, ‘Variety is the Spice of Legal Life’, p.182; The Book Guild, 2002


disabled or not, and (iii) the educational attainment of the person. Interestingly the research has shown that the effect offactors previously thought important, such as occupation, industrial sector, geographic location and levels of economicactivity, are relatively insignificant once educational attainment has been taken into account.

11. Accordingly, the discount to be applied to a working life multiplier (or at least a starting point) can be determinedfrom the tables by looking up the discount factor to be applied to a person of the claimant’s gender, age, educationalattainment and employment status at the time of injury.

12. The tables now included at Section B may also assist those having to deal with the question of a disabled claimant’sresidual earnings capacity. Again, unsurprisingly to me, the research has demonstrated that disabled people are morelikely to be out of employment than people without disabilities, therefore justifying a higher discount for contingenciesother than mortality.

13. Both pieces of research have used the published Labour Force Survey definition of ‘disabled’. This means that therange of disabilities covered by ‘disabled’ is very wide as it includes all people who have said that they have a conditionthat (a) substantially limits (or will limit due to progressive illness) their ability to carry out day-to-day activities and (b)affects either the amount or the type of paid work they might do.

14. There will be situations when it will be appropriate to use the factors as set out in the Section B tables to calculatea claimant’s residual earning capacity on a multiplier/multiplicand basis. However, in many cases it will be appropriateto increase or reduce the discount in the tables to take account of the nature of a particular claimant’s disabilities. Therewill also be some cases when the Smith v. Manchester Corporation or Blamire approach remains applicable. There maybe still cases where a precise mathematical approach is inapplicable.

15. My view is that the findings of this research provide a very useful starting point for lawyers grappling with loss ofearnings calculations and provide a basis for a more scientific approach than that which has been taken to date. There arefully worked examples in the Explanatory Notes but, clearly, they cannot cover every factual situation.

16. It also provides yet another justification for the importance of education, if such was ever needed, when faced withthe unexpected hazards and problems of life visited on those who are the subject of these tables.

Variable future losses or expenses

17. The tables do not provide an immediate answer when the annual future loss or expense is likely to change at givenpoints in time in the future, for example where a claimant’s lost earnings would have increased on a sliding scale orchanged due to promotion; or the claimant’s future care needs are likely to change, perhaps because it is anticipated thata family carer will not be able to continue to provide help. In such situations it is usually necessary to split the overallmultiplier, whether for working life or whole of life, into segments, and then to apply those smaller segmented multipliersto the multiplicand appropriate for each period. The Explanatory Notes now include some guidance on how to use themultipliers in such cases (see paragraphs 22 to 24).

Final remarks

18. We are conscious with each Edition of the Tables that we produce that we are being prescriptive about the way inwhich calculations are made.

19. When we make suggestions for the method of calculations, each change which is put forward is the result of longand careful debate by the whole Working Party, assisted by others from outside the Working Party, who put forwardproposals which we consider.

20. The figures for the Tables themselves are produced by the Government Actuary’s Department according to longestablished principles.

21. All other matters are the subject of careful and detailed analysis by all the members of the Working Party.

22. However, if anyone wishes to put forward further improvements, they are invited to do so. We travel like that Pilgrimon the Golden Journey to Samarkand, conscious of our failures and hoping for enlightenment. If you consider that youcan assist us in that process, do not hesitate to write to the Government Actuary or myself.

23. I am grateful to those members of the Working Party (listed inside the front cover) who give up their time and mentalenergy to attend the meetings.

Robin de Wilde QC 1 March 2007

6


EXPLANATORY NOTES

SECTION A: GENERAL

Purpose of tables

1. The tables have been prepared by the Government Actuary’s Department. They provide an aid for those assessingthe lump sum appropriate as compensation for a continuing future pecuniary loss or consequential expense or cost of carein personal injury and fatal accident cases.

Application of tables

2. The tables set out multipliers. These multipliers enable the user to assess the present capital value of future annualloss (net of tax) or annual expense calculated on the basis of various assumptions which are explained below.Accordingly, to find the present capital value of a given annual loss or expense, it is necessary to select the appropriatetable, find the appropriate multiplier and then multiply the amount of the annual loss or expense by that figure.

3. Tables 1 to 26 deal with annual loss or annual expense extending over three different periods of time. In each casethere are separate tables for men and women.

- In Tables 1 and 2 the loss or expense is assumed to begin immediately and to continue for the whole of the restof the claimant’s life, allowing for different potential lifespans, including the possibility of early death orprolonged life. The tables apply to both the deceased and the dependants’ lives in fatal accident cases.

- In Tables 3 to 14 the loss or expense is assumed to begin immediately but to continue only until the claimant’sretirement or earlier death. The age of retirement is assumed to be 50 in Tables 3 and 4, 55 in Tables 5 and 6,60 in Tables 7 and 8, 65 in Tables 9 and 10, 70 in Tables 11 and 12, and 75 in Tables 13 and 14.

- In Tables 15 to 26 it is assumed that the annual loss or annual expense will not begin until the claimant reachesretirement but will then continue for the whole of the rest of his or her life. In Table 19 (males) and Table 20(females) the age of retirement is assumed to be 60. In Table 21 (males) and Table 22 (females) the age ofretirement is assumed to be 65 (and similarly for retirement ages 50, 55, 70 and 75). These tables all make dueallowance for the chance that the claimant may not live to reach the age of retirement.

Mortality assumptions

4. For the previous edition of the Tables the Working Party agreed that the tables to be published should be based ona reasonable estimate of the future mortality likely to be experienced by average members of the population alive today.The mortality assumptions used in the 5th Edition were taken from the then latest available population projections (the2002-based population projections) for England and Wales. The Tables are routinely used in Scotland and NorthernIreland. Although it would be possible to produce separate tables of multipliers for Scotland and Northern Ireland usingmortality rates from population projections for Scotland and for Northern Ireland the Working Party agreed that ratherthan have three separate sets of Tables there should be one set calculated using mortality rates from the populationprojections for the United Kingdom as a whole.

5. On the basis of some reported cases, it appears that tables for pecuniary loss for life, e.g. cost of care, may havebeen misunderstood. The tables do not assume that the claimant dies after a period equating to the expectation of life, buttake account of the possibilities that the claimant will live for different periods, e.g. die soon or live to be very old. Themortality assumptions relate to the general population of the United Kingdom. Unless there is clear evidence in anindividual case to support the view that the individual is atypical and will enjoy longer or shorter expectation of life, nofurther increase or reduction is required for mortality alone.

6. For the purposes of preparing the official national population projections, the Government Actuary makes anestimate of the extent of future improvements in mortality. Tables 1 to 26 in this edition show the multipliers which resultfrom the application of these projected mortality rates (derived from the 2004-based population projections for the UnitedKingdom, which were published in October 2005 on the GAD website www.gad.gov.uk. Details can also be found in thepublication National Population Projections 2004-based. PP2 No.25 from the Office for National Statistics). Theactuaries on the Working Party consider that these alternative tables provide a more appropriate estimate of the value offuture income streams than tables based on historic mortality which, given the rate at which mortality experience hasimproved, and continues to improve, are likely to underestimate future longevity to a significant extent. The WorkingParty therefore recommends the Courts use Tables 1 to 26 contained in this latest edition of the tables.

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Use of tables

7. To find the appropriate figure for the present value of a particular loss or expense, the user must first choose thattable which relates to the period of loss or expense for which the individual claimant is to be compensated and to the sexof the claimant, or, where appropriate, the claimant’s dependants.

8. If, for some reason, the facts in a particular case do not correspond with the assumptions on which one of the tablesis based (e.g. it is known that the claimant will have a different retiring age from that assumed in the tables), then thetables can only be used if an appropriate allowance is made for this difference; for this purpose the assistance of anactuary should be sought, except for situations where specific guidance is given in these explanatory notes.

Rate of return

9. The basis of the multipliers set out in the tables is that the lump sum will be invested and yield income (but that overthe period in question the claimant will gradually reduce the capital sum, so that at the end of the period it is exhausted).Accordingly, an essential factor in arriving at the right figure is the choice of the appropriate rate of return.

10. The annual rate of return currently to be applied is 2½% (net of tax), as fixed by the Lord Chancellor on 25 June2001, and reassessed on 27 July 2001, under the provisions of the Damages Act 1996 Section 1. An annual rate of returnof 2½% was also set for Scotland by the Scottish Ministers on 8 February 2002. The Lord Chancellor may make a freshdetermination of this rate, after receiving advice from the Government Actuary and the Treasury (and, in Scotland, theScottish Ministers after consultation with the Government Actuary). In order to allow the Tables to continue to be usedshould a new discount rate be specified, the tables are accordingly shown for a range of possible annual rates of returnranging from ½% to 5%, as in the previous edition. In addition, a 0% column has been included to show the multiplierwithout any discount for interest (i.e. expectations of life, or the equivalent for different periods). These are supplied toassist in the calculation of multipliers in Fatal Accidents Act cases (see Section D).

11. Section 1(2) of the Damages Act 1996 makes provision for the Courts to make variations to the discount rate if anyparty to the proceedings shows that it is more appropriate in the case in question. Variations to the discount rate underthis provision have, however, been rejected by the Court of Appeal in the cases ofWarriner v.Warriner [2002] 1WLR1703 and Cooke & Others v. United Bristol Health Care & Others [2004] 1WLR 251.

12. Previous editions of these tables explained how the current yields on index-linked government bonds could be usedas an indicator of the appropriate real rate of return for valuing future income streams. Such considerations were endorsedby the House of Lords in Wells v. Wells and the same argumentation was adopted by the Lord Chancellor when he setthe rate on commencement of Section 1 of the Damages Act 1996. In cases outwith the scope of these tables, the adviceof an actuary should be sought.

Different retirement ages

13. In paragraph 8 above, reference was made to the problem that will arise when the claimant’s retiring age is differentfrom that assumed in the tables. Such a problem may arise in valuing a loss or expense beginning immediately but endingat retirement; or in valuing a loss or expense which will not begin until the claimant reaches retirement but will thencontinue until death. Tables are provided for retirement ages of 50, 55, 60, 65, 70 and 75. Where the claimant’s actualretiring age would have been between two of these retirement ages for which tables are provided, the correct multipliercan be obtained by consideration of the tables for retirement age immediately above and below the actual retirement age,keeping the period to retirement age the same. Thus a woman of 42 who would have retired at 58 can be considered asbeing in between the cases of a woman of 39 with a retirement age of 55 and a woman of 44 with a retirement age of 60.The steps to take are as follows:

(1) Determine between which retirement ages, for which tables are provided, the claimant’s actual retirement ageR lies. Let the lower of these ages be A and the higher be B.

(2) Determine how many years must be subtracted from the claimant’s actual retirement age to get to A andsubtract that period from the claimant’s age. If the claimant’s age is x, the result of this calculation is (x+A-R).

(3) Look up this new reduced age in the Table corresponding to retirement age A at the appropriate rate of return.Let the resulting multiplier be M.

(4) Determine how many years must be added to the claimant’s actual retirement age to get to B and add thatperiod to the claimant’s age. The result of this calculation is (x+B-R).

(5) Look up this new increased age in the Table corresponding to retirement age B at the appropriate rate of return.Let the resulting multiplier be N.

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(6) Interpolate between M and N. In other words, calculate:

(B-R) x M + (R-A) x N

and divide the result by [(B-R) + (R-A)], (or equivalently [B-A]).

14. In the example given in paragraph 13, the steps would be as follows:

(1) R is 58, A is 55 and B is 60.

(2) Subtracting 3 years from the claimant’s age gives 39.

(3) Looking up age 39 in Table 6 (for retirement age 55) gives 13.08 at a rate of return of 2½%.

(4) Adding 2 years to the claimant’s age gives 44.

(5) Looking up age 44 in Table 8 (for retirement age 60) gives 13.00 at a rate of return of 2½%.

(6) Calculating 2 x 13.08 + 3 x 13.00 and dividing by (60-58) + (58–55) [equals 5] gives 13.03 as the multiplier.

15. When the loss or expense to be valued is that from the date of retirement to death, and the claimant’s date ofretirement differs from that assumed in the tables, a different approach is necessary, involving the following three steps.

(1) Assume that there is a present loss which will continue for the rest of the claimant’s life and from Table 1 or2 establish the value of that loss or expense over the whole period from the date of assessment until theclaimant’s death.

(2) Establish the value of such loss or expense over the period from the date of assessment until the claimant’sexpected date of retirement following the procedure explained in paragraphs 13 and 14 above.

(3) Subtract the second figure from the first. The balance remaining represents the present value of the claimant’sloss or expense between retirement and death.

16. If the claimant’s actual retirement age would have been earlier than 50, or later than 75, the advice of an actuaryshould be sought.

Younger ages

17. Tables 1 and 2, which concern pecuniary loss for life, and Tables 15 to 26, which concern loss of pension fromretirement age, have been extended down to age 0. In some circumstances the multiplier at age 0 is slightly lower thanthat at age 1; this arises because of the relatively high incidence of deaths immediately after birth.

18. Tables for multipliers for loss of earnings (Tables 3 to 14) have not been extended below age 16. In order todetermine the multiplier for loss of earnings for someone who has not yet started work, it is first necessary to determinean assumed age at which the claimant would have commenced work and to find the appropriate multiplier for that agefrom Tables 3 to 14, according to the assumed retirement age. This multiplier should then be multiplied by the defermentfactor from Table 27 which corresponds to the appropriate rate of return and the period from the date of the trial to thedate on which it is assumed that the claimant would have started work. A similar approach can be used for determininga multiplier for pecuniary loss for life where the loss is assumed to commence a fixed period of years from the date ofthe trial. For simplicity the factors in Table 27 relate purely to the impact of compound interest and ignore mortality. Atages below 30 this is a reasonable approximation but at higher ages it would normally be appropriate to allow explicitlyfor mortality and the advice of an actuary should be sought.

Contingencies

19. Tables 1 to 26 make reasonable provision for the levels of mortality which members of the population of the UnitedKingdom alive today may expect to experience in future. The tables do not take account of the other risks and vicissitudesof life, such as the possibility that the claimant would for periods have ceased to earn due to ill-health or loss ofemployment. Nor do they take account of the fact that many people cease work for substantial periods to care for childrenor other dependants. Section B suggests ways in which allowance may be made to the multipliers for loss of earnings, toallow for certain risks other than mortality.

Impaired lives

20. In some cases, medical evidence may be available which asserts that a claimant’s health impairments are equivalentto adding a certain number of years to their current age, or to treating the individual as having a specific age different

9


from their actual age. In such cases, Tables 1 and 2 can be used with respect to the deemed higher age. For the other tablesthe adjustment is not so straightforward, as adjusting the age will also affect the assumed retirement age, but theprocedures described in paragraphs 13 to 15 may be followed, or the advice of an actuary should be sought. In other cases,the medical evidence may state that the claimant is likely to live for a stated number of years. This is often then treatedas requiring payment to be made for a fixed period equal to the stated life expectancy and using Table 28 to ascertain thevalue of the multiplier. In general, this is likely to give a multiplier which is too high since this approach does not allowfor the distribution of deaths around the expected length of life. For a group of similarly impaired lives of the same age,some will die before the average life expectancy and some after; allowing for this spread of deaths results in a lowermultiplier than assuming payment for a term certain equal to the life expectancy. In such cases, it is preferable to look upthe age in the 0% column in Table 1 or 2 for which the value of the multiplier at 0% is equal to the stated life expectancy.The relevant multipliers are then obtained from the relevant tables using this age. Take, for example, an impaired malelife which is stated to have a life expectancy of 20 years. By interpolation, the age for which the multiplier in the 0%column in Table 1 is 20 is:

(20 – 19.66)/(20.50 – 19.66) x 64 + (20.50 – 20)/(20.50 – 19.66) x 65

which equals 64.6 years.

The value of the whole of life multiplier is then obtained from the 2.5% column of Table 1 for age 64.6 years:

(65 - 64.6) x 15.37 + (64.6 – 64) x 14.88

which equals 15.08 (compared to 15.78 for the value for a term certain of 20 years using the 2.5% column of Table 28).

Fixed periods

21. In cases where pecuniary loss is to be valued for a fixed period, the multipliers in Table 28 may be used. These makeno allowance for mortality or any other contingency but assume that regular frequent payments (e.g. weekly or monthly)will continue throughout the period. These figures should in principle be adjusted if the periodicity of payment is lessfrequent, especially if the payments in question are annually in advance or in arrears.

Variable future losses or expenses

22. The tables do not provide an immediate answer when the annual future loss or expense is likely to change at givenpoints in time in the future. The most common examples will be where:

(a) the claimant’s lost earnings would have increased on a sliding scale or changed due to promotion; or

(b) the claimant’s future care needs are likely to change in the future, perhaps because it is anticipated that a familycarer will not be able to continue to provide help.

In such situations it is usually necessary to split the overall multiplier, whether for working life or whole of life, intosegments, and then to apply those smaller segmented multipliers to the multiplicand appropriate for each period.

There are a variety of methods which could be used for splitting a multiplier, especially where the age at which a paymentis increased or decreased, or stops or begins, is one which is tabulated in Tables 1 to 26. The following examples serve toillustrate how multipliers might be split using the “apportionment method”. This method can be extended for use in caseswhere none of the ages at which payments change are tabulated.

Example 1 – Variable future earnings

23. The claimant is female, a graduate with a degree, aged 25 at date of settlement/trial. Her probable careerprogression, in the absence of injury, would have provided her with salary increases at ages 30, 35 and 40; thereafter shewould have continued at the same level to age 60, when she would have stepped down from full-time work to work part-time until 70. Post accident she is now incapable of working.

The multiplicands for lost future earnings are:

Age 25 to 30: £16,000 a year

Age 30 to 35: £25,000 a year

Age 35 to 40: £35,000 a year

Age 40 to 60: £40,000 a year

Age 60 to 70: £20,000 a year

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The multipliers for each stage of her career are calculated as follows:

(1) The working life will be 45 years and the multiplier from Table 12 for that period taking into account mortalityrisks but without any discounts for any other contingencies will be 26.66.

(2) The multiplier for a term certain of 45 years (ignoring mortality risks) from Table 28 is 27.17.

(3) The multiplier from Table 28 should be split so that each individual segment of the whole working life period(45 years) is represented by a figure. So, the first 5 years is represented by a multiplier for a term certain of 5years, namely 4.70; the next 5 years is represented by a multiplier of 4.16 (being the difference between thefigure for a term certain of 10 years, namely 8.86 and the figure for a term certain of 5 years, namely 4.70);the next 5 years by 3.68 (i.e. the 15 year figure of 12.54 less the 10 year figure of 8.86); the next 20 years by10.89 (i.e. the difference between the 35 year figure which is 23.43 and the 15 year figure of 12.54); then, thefinal 10 years by the balance of 3.74 (the residual figure being 27.17 less 23.43).

(4) Each of those smaller segmented multipliers can be shown as a percentage or fraction of the whole: so, for thefirst 5 years the segmented multiplier of 4.70 is 17.30% of the whole figure of 27.17, and so on for eachsegment of the 45 year period.

(5) The working life multiplier from Table 12 can now be split up in identical proportions to the way in which theTable 28 multiplier has been treated above: thus the first 5 year period is now represented by a multiplier of4.61, which is calculated by taking 17.30% of 26.66. Each segmented multiplier is calculated in the same way.

(6) Having now obtained multipliers for each segment of working life, taking into account mortality risks, it isthen necessary to discount those figures for “contingencies other than mortality”. The discount factor fromTable C (using the column for a female, not disabled, with degree level education) is 0.89. So, the figure of4.61 for the first 5 year period now becomes 4.10 (i.e. 4.61 x 0.89). Again, treat each segmented multiplier inthe same way.

(7) The multiplicand for each segment of working life is now multiplied by the appropriate segmented multiplierto calculate the loss for that period. The sum total of those losses represents the full sum for loss of futureearnings (ignoring any mitigation).

(8) The figures are set out in tabular form below and give a total lump sum award of £714,500:

N.B. the figures in the above table have been rounded at each step of the calculation.

Example 2 – Variable future care costs

24. A male aged 20 years at the date of settlement/trial requires personal care support for life. He has a normal lifeexpectation for his age. Significant changes in his care regime are anticipated at age 30 and again at age 50.

The multiplicands for care costs are:

Age 20 to 30: £30,000 a year

Age 30 to 50: £60,000 a year

Age 50 for rest of life: £80,000 a year

Ages Period Table 28 % Split Table 12 Discounted Net £ Loss(years) Multipliers Annual

(Table C) Earnings(x 0.89) £

25 – 30 5 4.70 17.30 4.61 4.10 16,000 65,600

30 – 35 5 4.16 15.31 4.08 3.63 25,000 90,750

35 – 40 5 3.68 13.54 3.61 3.21 35,000 112,350

40 – 60 20 10.89 40.08 10.69 9.51 40,000 380,400

60 – 70 10 3.74 13.77 3.67 3.27 20,000 65,400

Totals: 45 years 27.17 100.00 26.66 23.72 714,500

11


The multipliers for each stage of the care regime are calculated as follows:

(1) The life expectation will be 64.87 years (from the 0% column of Table 1) and the multiplier for that periodtaking into account mortality risks (from Table 1) will be 31.63.

(2) The multiplier for a term certain of 64.87 years (ignoring mortality risks) from Table 28 lies between 32.16(for 64 years) and 32.36 (for 65 years) and is calculated thus:

(65 – 64.87) x 32.16 + (64.87 – 64) x 32.36 = 32.33

(3) The multiplier from Table 28 should be split so that each individual segment of the whole period of lifeexpectation is represented by a figure. So, the first 10 years (20-30) are represented by a multiplier of 8.86;the next 20 years (30-50) are represented by a multiplier of 12.33 (being the difference between the 30 yearfigure of 21.19 and the 10 year figure of 8.86); then, the final years (50 to death) are represented by the balanceof 11.14 (being the difference between the term certain multiplier of 32.33 and the 30 year figure of 21.19).

(4) Each of those smaller segmented multipliers can be shown as a percentage or fraction of the whole: so, for thefirst 10 years the segmented multiplier of 8.86 is 27.40% of the whole figure of 32.33, and so on for eachsegment of the life period.

(5) The life multiplier from Table 1 can now be split up in the way in which the Table 28 multiplier was treatedabove and in identical proportions: thus the first 10 year period is now represented by a multiplier of 8.67which is calculated by taking 27.40% of 31.63.

(6) The figures are set out in tabular form below and give a total lump sum award of £1,855,700:

N.B. the figures in the above table have been rounded at each step of the calculation.

Spouses’ pensions

25. If doubt exists whether the tables are appropriate to a particular case which appears to present significant difficultiesof substance, it would be prudent to take actuarial advice. This might be appropriate in relation to the level of spouses’benefits, if these are to be assessed, since these are not readily valued using Tables 1 to 26. As a rough rule of thumb, ifspouses’ benefits are to be included when valuing pension loss from normal pension age, the multipliers in tables 15 to26 should be increased by 5% for a female claimant (i.e. benefits to the male spouse) and by 14% for a male claimant ifthe spouse’s pension would be half of the pension that the member was receiving at death. If the spouse’s pension wouldbe payable at a rate of two-thirds the member’s pension at death the multipliers should be increased by 7% for a femaleclaimant and by 19% for a male claimant.

Age (years) Table 28 % Split Table 1 Care costs Total(64.87 years) (of Table 28 (multiplier £ a year £

Split figure) allowing formultipliers mortality)

20 - 30 8.86 27.40 8.67 30,000 260,100

30 - 50 12.33 38.14 12.06 60,000 723,600

50 till death 11.14 34.46 10.90 80,000 872,000

Totals 32.33 100.00% 31.63 1,855,700(no mortality life multiplier

discount)

12


SECTION B: CONTINGENCIES OTHER THAN MORTALITY

26. As stated in paragraph 19, the tables for loss of earnings (Tables 3 to 14) take no account of risks other thanmortality. This section shows how the multipliers in these tables may be reduced to take account of these risks.

27. Tables of factors to be applied to the existing multipliers were first introduced in the Second Edition of the OgdenTables. These factors were based on work commissioned by the Institute of Actuaries and carried out by Professor SHaberman and Mrs D S F Bloomfield (Work time lost to sickness, unemployment and stoppages: measurement andapplication (1990), Journal of the Institute of Actuaries 117, 533-595). Although there was some debate within theactuarial profession about the details of the work, and in particular about the scope for developing it further, the findingswere broadly accepted and were adopted by the Government Actuary and the other actuaries who were members of theWorking Party when the Second Edition of the Tables was published and have remained unchanged in later editions.

28. Some related work has more recently been published by Lewis, McNabb and Wass (Methods of calculating damagesfor loss of future earnings, Journal of Personal Injury Law, 2002 Number 2). Since the publication of the Fifth Edition ofthe Ogden Tables, the Ogden Working Party has been involved in further research into the impact of contingencies otherthan mortality carried out by Professor Richard Verrall, Professor Steven Haberman and Mr Zoltan Butt of CityUniversity, London and, in a separate exercise, by Dr Victoria Wass of Cardiff University. Their findings have beencombined to produce the tables of factors given in this section.

29. The Haberman and Bloomfield paper relied on data from the Labour Force Surveys for 1973, 1977, 1981 and 1985and English Life Tables No. 14 (1980-82). The Labour Force Survey (LFS) was originally designed to produce a periodiccross-sectional snapshot of the working age population and collects information on an extensive range of socio-economicand labour force characteristics. Since the winter of 1992/3, the LFS has been carried out on a quarterly basis, withrespondents being included in the survey over 5 successive quarters. The research of Professor Verrall et al and Dr Wasshas used data from the Labour Force Surveys conducted from 1998 to 2003 to estimate the probabilities of movement ofmales and females between different states of economic activity, dependent on age, sex, employment activity and levelof disability. These probabilities permit the calculation of the expected periods in employment until retirement age,dependent on the initial starting state of economic activity, disability and educational attainment. These can then bediscounted at the same discount rate that is used for obtaining the relevant multiplier from Tables 3 to 14, in order to givea multiplier which takes into account only those periods the claimant would be expected, on average, to be in work. Thesediscounted working life expectancy multipliers can be compared to those obtained assuming the person remained in workthroughout, to obtain reduction factors which give the expected proportion of time to retirement age which will be spentin employment.

30. The factors described in subsequent paragraphs are for use in calculating loss of earnings up to retirement age. Theresearch work did not investigate the impact of contingencies other than mortality on the value of future pension rights.Some reduction to the multiplier for loss of pension would often be appropriate when a reduction is being applied for lossof earnings. This may be a smaller reduction than in the case of loss of earnings because the ill-health contingency (asopposed to the unemployment contingency) may give rise to significant ill-health retirement pension rights. A biggerreduction may be necessary in cases where there is significant doubt whether pension rights would have continued toaccrue (to the extent not already allowed for in the post-retirement multiplier) or in cases where there may be doubt overthe ability of the pension fund to pay promised benefits. In the case of a defined contribution pension scheme, loss ofpension rights may be allowed for simply by increasing the future earnings loss (adjusted for contingencies other thanmortality) by the percentage of earnings which the employer contributions to the scheme represent.

31. The methodology proposed in paragraphs 33 to 42 describes one method for dealing with contingencies other thanmortality, which replaces that set out in earlier editions of the Ogden Tables. If this methodology is followed, in manycases it will be appropriate to increase or reduce the discount in the tables to take account of the nature of a particularclaimant’s disabilities. It should be noted that the methodology does not take into account the pre-accident employmenthistory. The methodology also provides for the possibility of valuing more appropriately the possible mitigation of lossof earnings in cases where the claimant is employed after the accident or is considered capable of being employed. Thiswill in many cases enable a more accurate assessment to be made of the mitigation of loss. However, there may be somecases when the Smith v. Manchester Corporation or Blamire approach remains applicable or otherwise where a precisemathematical approach is inapplicable.

32. The suggestions which follow are intended as a ‘ready reckoner’ which provides an initial adjustment to themultipliers according to the employment status, disability status and educational attainment of the claimant whencalculating awards for loss of earnings and for any mitigation of this loss in respect of potential future post-injuryearnings. Such a ready reckoner cannot take into account all circumstances and it may be appropriate to argue for higheror lower adjustments in particular cases. In particular, it can be difficult to place a value on the possible mitigating incomewhen considering the potential range of disabilities and their effect on post-injury work capability, even within theinterpretation of disability set out in paragraph 35. However, the methodology does offer a framework for considerationof a range of possible figures with the maximum being effectively provided by the post-injury multiplier assuming the

13


claimant was not disabled and the minimum being the case where there is no realistic prospect of post-injuryemployment.

The deduction for contingencies other than mortality

33. Under the proposed new method, multipliers for loss of earnings obtained from Tables 3 to 14 are multiplied byfactors to allow for the risk of periods of non-employment and absence from the workforce because of sickness.

34. The new research by Professor Verrall et al and Dr Wass referred to in paragraphs 28 and 29 demonstrated that thekey issues affecting a person’s future working life are employment status, disability status and educational attainment.

35. The definitions of employed/not employed, disabled/not disabled and educational attainment used in this analysisand which should be used for determining which factors to apply to the multipliers to allow for contingencies other thanmortality are as follows:

Employed Those who at the time of the accident are employed, self-employed or on a governmenttraining scheme.

Not employed All others (including those temporarily out of work, full-time students and unpaid familyworkers).

Disabled A person is classified as being disabled if all three of the following conditions in relation tothe ill-health or disability are met:

(i) has either a progressive illness or an illness which has lasted or is expected to last for overa year,

(ii) satisfies the Disability Discrimination Act definition that the impact of the disabilitysubstantially limits the person’s ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities

and

their condition affects either the kind or the amount of paid work they can do.

Not disabled All others.

Normal day-to-day activities are those which are carried out by most people on a daily basis, and we are interestedin disabilities/health problems which have a substantial adverse effect on the respondent’s ability to carry out theseactivities.

There are several ways in which a disability or health problem may affect the respondent’s day-to-day activities:

Mobility - for example, unable to travel short journeys as a passenger in a car, unable to walk other than at a slowpace or with jerky movements, difficulty in negotiating stairs, unable to use one or more forms of public transport,unable to go out of doors unaccompanied.

Manual dexterity - for example, loss of functioning in one or both hands, inability to use a knife or fork at the sametime, or difficulty in pressing buttons on a keyboard.

Physical co-ordination - for example, the inability to feed or dress oneself, or to pour liquid from one vessel toanother except with unusual slowness or concentration.

Problems with bowel/bladder control - for example, frequent or regular loss of control of the bladder or bowel.Occasional bedwetting is not considered a disability.

Ability to lift, carry or otherwise move everyday objects (for example, books, kettles, light furniture) - for example,inability to pick up a weight with one hand but not the other, or to carry a tray steadily.

Speech - for example, unable to communicate (clearly) orally with others, taking significantly longer to say things.A minor stutter, difficulty in speaking in front of an audience, or inability to speak a foreign language would not beconsidered impairments.

Hearing - for example, not being able to hear without the use of a hearing aid, the inability to understand speechunder normal conditions or over the telephone.

Eyesight - for example, while wearing spectacles or contact lenses - being unable to pass the standard drivingeyesight test, total inability to distinguish colours (excluding ordinary red/green colour blindness), or inability toread newsprint.

14


Memory or ability to concentrate, learn or understand - for example, intermittent loss of consciousness orconfused behaviour, inability to remember names of family or friends, unable to write a cheque without assistance,or an inability to follow a recipe.

Perception of risk of physical danger - for example, reckless behaviour putting oneself or others at risk, mobilityto cross the road safely. This excludes (significant) fear of heights or underestimating risk of dangerous hobbies.

Three levels of educational attainment are defined for the purposes of the tables as follows:

D Degree or equivalent or higher.

GE-A GCSE grades A to C up to A levels or equivalents.

O Below GCSE grade C or CSE grade 1 or equivalent or no qualifications.

The following table gives a more detailed breakdown of the allocation of various types of educational qualificationto each of the three categories above and are based on the allocations used in the research by Professor Verrall et aland Dr Wass.

Categories of highest educational attainment

Note: “educational attainment” is used here as a proxy for skill level, so that those in professional occupations suchas law, accountancy, nursing, etc who do not have a degree ought to be treated as if they do have one.

36. The research also considered the extent to which a person’s future working life expectancy is affected by individualcircumstances such as occupation and industrial sector, geographical region and education. The researchers concludedthat the most significant consideration was the highest level of education achieved by the claimant and that, if this wasallowed for, the effect of the other factors was relatively small. As a result, the Working Party decided to proposeadjustment factors which allow for employment status, disability status and educational attainment only. This is a change

D GE-A ODegree or equivalent GCSE grades A to C Below GCSE grade C or

or higher up to A levels CSE grade 1 or equivalentor equivalent or no qualifications

Any degree (first or higher) A or AS level or equivalent CSE below grade 1

Other higher education O level, GCSE grade A-C GCSE below grade Cqualification below degree level or equivalent

Diploma in higher education

NVQ level 4 or 5 NVQ level 2 or 3 NVQ level 1 or equivalent

HNC/HND, BTEC higher, etc BTEC/SCOTVEC first or BTEC first or general certificategeneral diploma

OND/ONC, BTEC/SCOTVEC SCOTVEC modules or equivalentnational

RSA higher diploma RSA diploma, advanced diploma RSA otheror certificate

Teaching GNVQ intermediate or advanced GNVQ/GVSQ foundation levelNursing, etc

City and Guilds craft or City and Guilds otheradvanced craft

SCE higher or equivalent Trade YT/ YTP certificateapprenticeship

Scottish 6th year certificate (CSYS) Other qualifications

No qualification

Don’t know

15


from previous editions of the Ogden Tables where adjustments were made for types of occupation and for geographicalregion.

37. A separate assessment is made for (a) the value of earnings the claimant would have received if the injury had notbeen suffered and (b) the value of the claimant’s earnings (if any) taking account of the injuries sustained. The risk ofnon-employment is significantly higher post-injury due to the impairment. The loss is arrived at by deducting (b) from(a).

38. In order to calculate the value of the earnings the claimant would have received if the injury had not been suffered,the claimant’s employment status and the disability status need to be determined as at the date of the accident (or the onsetof the medical condition) giving rise to the claim, so that the correct table can be applied. For the calculation of futureloss of earnings (based on actual pre-accident earnings and also future employment prospects), Tables A and C should beused for claimants who were not disabled at the time of the accident, and Tables B and D should be used for those witha pre-existing disability. In all of these tables the three left-hand columns are for those who were employed at the time ofthe accident and the three right-hand columns are for those who were not.

39. In order to calculate the value of the actual earnings that a claimant is likely to receive in the future (i.e. aftersettlement or trial), the employment status and the disability status need to be determined as at the date of settlement ortrial. For claimants with a work-affecting disability at that point in time, Tables B and D should be used. The three left-hand columns will apply in respect of claimants actually in employment at date of settlement or trial and the three right-hand columns will apply in respect of those who remain non-employed at that point in time.

40. The factors in Tables A to D allow for the interruption of employment for bringing up children and caring for otherdependants.

41. In the case of those aged under 16 at the date of the accident, the relevant factor from the tables would be chosenon the basis of the level of education the child would have been expected to have attained, had the injury not occurred,together with an assessment as to whether the child would have become employed or not. The relevant factor for age 16would be chosen using the assessed employment status and educational status likely to be ultimately attained, discountedby the appropriate factor from Table 27 for the number of years from the age at the date of trial to age 16.

42. Tables A to D include factors up to age 54 only. For older ages the reduction factors increase towards 1 at retirementage for those who are employed and fall towards 0 for those who are not employed. However, where the claimant is olderthan 54, it is anticipated that the likely future course of employment status will be particularly dependent on individualcircumstances, so that the use of factors based on averages would not be appropriate. Hence reduction factors are notprovided for these older ages.

Table ALoss of Earnings to Pension Age 65 (Males – Not disabled)

Age at date Employed Not employedof trial D GE-A O D GE-A O

16-19 0.90 0.90 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.82

20-24 0.92 0.92 0.87 0.89 0.88 0.83

25-29 0.93 0.92 0.89 0.89 0.88 0.82

30-34 0.92 0.91 0.89 0.87 0.86 0.81

35-39 0.90 0.90 0.89 0.85 0.84 0.80

40-44 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.82 0.81 0.78

45-49 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.77 0.77 0.74

50 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.72 0.72 0.70

51 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.70 0.70 0.68

52 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.67 0.67 0.66

53 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.63 0.63 0.63

54 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.59 0.59 0.59

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Table CLoss of Earnings to Pension Age 60 (Females – Not disabled)


16-19 0.87 0.81 0.64 0.84 0.77 0.59

20-24 0.89 0.82 0.68 0.84 0.76 0.60

25-29 0.89 0.84 0.72 0.83 0.75 0.61

30-34 0.89 0.85 0.75 0.81 0.75 0.63

35-39 0.89 0.86 0.78 0.80 0.74 0.63

40-44 0.89 0.86 0.80 0.78 0.72 0.60

45-49 0.87 0.85 0.81 0.72 0.64 0.52

50 0.86 0.84 0.81 0.64 0.55 0.43

51 0.85 0.84 0.81 0.60 0.51 0.40

52 0.84 0.84 0.81 0.56 0.46 0.36

53 0.83 0.83 0.81 0.50 0.41 0.32

54 0.83 0.83 0.82 0.44 0.35 0.27

Table BLoss of Earnings to Pension Age 65 (Males – Disabled)


16-19 0.61 0.55 0.32 0.61 0.49 0.25

20-24 0.61 0.55 0.38 0.53 0.46 0.24

25-29 0.60 0.54 0.42 0.48 0.41 0.24

30-34 0.59 0.52 0.40 0.43 0.34 0.23

35-39 0.58 0.48 0.39 0.38 0.28 0.20

40-44 0.57 0.48 0.39 0.33 0.23 0.15

45-49 0.55 0.48 0.39 0.26 0.20 0.11

50 0.53 0.49 0.40 0.24 0.18 0.10

51 0.53 0.49 0.41 0.23 0.17 0.09

52 0.54 0.49 0.41 0.22 0.16 0.08

53 0.54 0.49 0.42 0.21 0.15 0.07

54 0.54 0.50 0.43 0.20 0.14 0.06

17


Different pension ages

43. The factors in the preceding tables assume retirement at age 65 for males and age 60 for females. It is not possibleto calculate expected working life times assuming alternative retirement ages from the LFS data, since the employmentdata in the LFS are collected only for the working population, assumed aged between 16 and 64 for males and between16 and 59 for females. Where the retirement age is different from age 65 for males or age 60 for females, it is suggestedthat this should be ignored and the reduction factor and the adjustments thereto be taken from the above tables for theage of the claimant as at the date of trial with no adjustment, i.e. assume that the retirement age is age 65 for males andage 60 for females. However, if the retirement age is close to the age at the date of trial, then it may be more appropriateto take into account the circumstances of the individual case.

44. It should be noted that the reduction factors in Tables A, B, C and D are based on data for the period 1998 to 2003.Whilst the reduction factors and adjustments allow for the age-specific probabilities of moving into, or out of,employment over future working life time, based on data for the period 1998-2003, the methodology assumes that theseprobabilities remain constant over time; there is no allowance for changes in these age-specific probabilities beyond thisperiod. It is also assumed that there will be no change in disability status or educational achievement after the date of theaccident. Future changes in the probabilities of moving into, and out of, employment are especially difficult to predictwith any certainty. It is the intention that the factors should be reassessed from time to time as new data become available.

SECTION C: SUMMARY OF PERSONAL INJURY APPLICATIONS

45. To use the tables the guidance below should be followed:

(1) Choose the table relating to the appropriate sex of the claimant and period of loss or expense (e.g. loss for life,or loss of earnings to a set retirement age). Where loss of earnings is concerned, and none of the tables isrelevant because the claimant’s expected age of retirement differs from that assumed in the tables, theprocedure in paragraphs 13 to 16 of the Explanatory Notes should be followed.

(2) Choose the appropriate discount column (currently 2½%).

(3) In that column find the appropriate figure for the claimant’s age at trial (“the basic multiplier”).

Loss of earnings

(4) When calculating loss of earnings, the tables should be used when a multiplier/multiplicand approach isappropriate. If it is, the basic multiplier should be adjusted to take account of contingencies other thanmortality. These contingencies include the claimant’s employment and disability status and educational

Table DLoss of Earnings to Pension Age 60 (Females – Disabled)


16-19 0.65 0.43 0.25 0.58 0.35 0.19

20-24 0.64 0.44 0.25 0.58 0.33 0.17

25-29 0.63 0.45 0.25 0.50 0.32 0.16

30-34 0.62 0.46 0.30 0.44 0.31 0.15

35-39 0.61 0.48 0.34 0.42 0.28 0.14

40-44 0.60 0.51 0.38 0.38 0.23 0.13

45-49 0.60 0.54 0.42 0.28 0.18 0.11

50 0.60 0.56 0.47 0.23 0.15 0.10

51 0.61 0.58 0.49 0.21 0.14 0.09

52 0.61 0.60 0.51 0.20 0.13 0.08

53 0.62 0.62 0.54 0.18 0.11 0.07

54 0.63 0.66 0.57 0.16 0.09 0.06

18


qualifications. The basic multiplier should be multiplied by the appropriate figure taken from Tables A to D.It may be necessary at this stage to modify the resulting figure further to allow for circumstances specific tothe claimant.

This process gives “the adjusted table multiplier”.

(5) Multiply the net annual loss (the multiplicand) by the adjusted table multiplier to arrive at a figure whichrepresents the capitalised value of the future loss of earnings.

(6) If the claimant has a residual earning capacity, allowance should be made for any post-accident vulnerabilityon the labour market: the following paragraphs show one way of doing this, although there may still be caseswhere a conventional Smith v. Manchester Corporation award is appropriate.

Where it is appropriate to do so, repeat steps 1 to 5 above, replacing the pre-accident employment anddisability status with the post-accident employment and disability status in step 4 and replacing the net annualloss by the assumed new level of net earnings at step 5. It will only be necessary to reconsider the claimant’seducational attainments if these have changed between the accident and the date of trial or settlement.

The result will represent the capitalised value of the claimant’s likely post-accident earnings. It is important tonote that, when carrying out this exercise, the degree of residual disability may have a different effect onresidual earnings depending on its relevance to the claimant’s likely field of work. For example, the loss of aleg may have less effect on a sedentary worker’s earnings than on a manual worker’s.

(7) Deduct the sum yielded by step 6 from that yielded by step 5 to obtain the net amount of loss of earningsallowing for residual earning capacity. Where the above methodology is used there will usually be no need fora separate Smith v. Manchester Corporation award.

Lifetime losses

(8) Where a loss will continue for life, follow steps 1 to 3 above to find the appropriate multiplier in the table.

Where the normal life expectancy given by the table is inapplicable the approach set out in paragraph 20, using thelifetime tables rather than Table 28, is the correct approach.

(9) This figure may need adjustment to allow for the particular circumstances of the claimant.

(10) Multiply the annual loss or expense by the multiplier as adjusted.

Variable annual losses

(11) In cases where there will be different losses at different periods it may be necessary to split the multiplier. Theapproach set out at paragraphs 22 to 24 should be followed.

Fixed period and Deferred losses

(12) Where a loss will continue over a fixed period, the appropriate multiplier can be found in Table 28.

(13) Where a loss will not commence until some future date, multiply the appropriate multiplier by a discountfigure taken from Table 27 (the use of which is explained in paragraph 18). This paragraph does not apply toloss of pensions, which have their own tables.

46. The following are examples of the use of the tables in illustrative personal injury cases with simplified assumptions.

Example 3

47. The claimant is female, aged 35 at the date of the trial. She has three A levels, but not a degree, and was inemployment at the date of the accident at a salary of £25,000 a year net of tax. She was not disabled before the accident.As a result of her injuries, she is now disabled and has lost her job but has found part-time employment at a salary of£5,000 a year net of tax. Her loss of earnings to retirement age of 60 is assessed as follows:

(1) Look up Table 8 for loss of earnings to pension age 60 for females.

(2) The appropriate rate of return is determined to be 2½% (the rate currently set under Section 1 of the DamagesAct 1996).

(3) Table 8 shows that, on the basis of a 2½% rate of return, the multiplier for a female aged 35 is 18.39.

19


(4) Now take account of risks other than mortality. Allowing for the claimant being employed, not disabled andhaving achieved A levels at the date of trial, Table C would require 18.39 to be multiplied by 0.86, resulting ina revised multiplier of 15.82.

(5) The damages for loss of earnings are assessed as £395,500 (15.82 x £25,000).

(6) Allow for mitigation of loss of earnings in respect of post-injury earnings. As before, Table 8 shows that, onthe basis of a 2½% rate of return, the multiplier for a female aged 35 is 18.39.

(7) Now take account of risks other than mortality. Allowing for the claimant being employed, disabled andhaving achieved A levels at the date of trial, Table D would require 18.39 to be multiplied by 0.48, resulting ina revised multiplier of 8.83.

(8) The amount of mitigation for post-injury earnings is assessed as £44,150 (8.83 x £5,000).

(9) Hence award for loss of earnings after allowing for mitigation is£395,500 – £44,150 = £351,350.

Example 4

48. The claimant is male, aged 48 at the date of the trial. He has no educational qualifications. His retirement age was65, he was employed at the time of the accident and his pre-retirement multiplicand has been determined as £20,000 ayear net of tax. He was not disabled before the accident. As a result of his injuries, he is now disabled and has lost hisjob. The multiplicand for costs of care is deemed to be £50,000 a year. He is unemployed at the date of trial but has beenassessed as capable of finding work with possible future earnings of £5,000 a year net of tax. His loss of earnings toretirement age of 65 is assessed as follows:

(1) Look up Table 9 for loss of earnings to pension age 65 for males.


(3) Table 9 shows that, on the basis of a 2½% rate of return, the multiplier for a male aged 48 is 13.35.

(4) Now take account of risks other than mortality. Allowing for the claimant being employed, not disabled andhaving no educational qualifications at the date of trial, Table A would require 13.35 to be multiplied by 0.86,resulting in a revised multiplier of 11.48.


(6) Allow for mitigation of loss of earnings in respect of post-injury earnings. As before, Table 9 shows that, onthe basis of a 2½% rate of return, the multiplier for a male aged 48 is 13.35.

(7) Now take account of risks other than mortality. Allowing for the claimant being unemployed and disabled withno educational qualifications at the date of trial, Table B would require 13.35 to be multiplied by 0.11, resultingin a revised multiplier of 1.47.



49. The damages for cost of care are assessed as follows:

(1) Look up Table 1 for the multiplier at age 48.

(2) The appropriate rate of return is 2½%.

(3) Table 1 shows that, on the basis of a 2½% rate of return, the multiplier at age 48 is 22.68.

(4) No adjustment is made for risks other than mortality.

(5) The damages for cost of care are assessed at £1,134,000 (22.68 x £50,000).

20


Example 5

50. The claimant is female, aged 14 at the date of the trial. She is expected to achieve a degree and to be in employmentthereafter on a salary, in current terms, of £30,000 a year net of tax. She was not disabled before the accident. As a resultof her injuries, she is now disabled – she is still expected to achieve a degree and to be in employment, but with an averagesalary in current terms of £20,000 net of tax. Her loss of earnings to retirement age of 60 is assessed as follows:

(1) Look up Table 8 for loss of earnings to pension age 60 for females.


(3) Table 8 shows that, on the basis of a 2½% rate of return, the multiplier for a female aged 16 is 26.60. Thisneeds to be discounted back to age 14. The factor at 2½% for a period for deferment for 2 years is 0.9518 fromTable 27, giving a total multiplier of 26.60 x 0.9518 = 25.32.

(4) Now take account of risks other than mortality. Allowing for the claimant assessed as achieving a degree,being employed and not disabled, Table C would require 25.32 to be multiplied by 0.87, resulting in a revisedmultiplier of 22.03.


(6) Allow for mitigation of loss of earnings in respect of post-injury earnings. As before, Table 8 shows that, onthe basis of a 2½% rate of return, the multiplier for a female aged 16 is 26.60. As before, after discountingfor two years to age 14 the multiplier is reduced to 26.60 x 0.9518 = 25.32.

(7) Now take account of risks other than mortality. Allowing for the claimant assessed as achieving a degree,being employed and disabled, Table D would require 25.32 to be multiplied by 0.65, resulting in a revisedmultiplier of 16.46.



Example 6

51. The claimant is male, aged 40 at the date of the trial. He has achieved O levels. He was unemployed at the time ofthe accident. His potential pre-retirement multiplicand has been determined as £15,000 a year net of tax. He was disabledbefore the accident. As a result of his injuries, he has been assessed as having no future prospect of employment. Hisloss of earnings to retirement age of 65 is assessed as follows:

(1) Look up Table 9 for loss of earnings to pension age 65 for males.


(3) Table 9 shows that, on the basis of a 2½% rate of return, the multiplier for a male aged 40 is 18.01.

(4) Now take account of risks other than mortality. Allowing for the claimant being unemployed, disabled andhaving achieved O levels at the date of trial, Table B would require 18.01 to be multiplied by 0.23, resulting ina revised multiplier of 4.14.


(6) As the claimant has been assessed as having no future prospect of employment following the accident, thereis no mitigation of loss of earnings in respect of post-injury earnings.

(7) Hence award for loss of earnings after allowing for mitigation is £62,100.

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SECTION D: APPLICATION OF TABLES TO FATAL ACCIDENT CASES

52. The approach of the courts is to assess the multiplier as at the date of death (Cookson v. Knowles (1979) AC 556).

53. That approach was criticised by the Law Commission in their Report 263 (Claims for Wrongful Death). The LawCommission recommended that multipliers should be assessed as at the date of trial and that the multipliers derived fromthe Ogden Tables should only take effect from the date of trial.

54. The Working Party, then under the Chairmanship of the late Sir Michael Ogden QC, considered that the LawCommission’s criticism was valid. In the Fourth Edition of the Tables published in August 2000, the Working Party setout guidance in Section D of the Explanatory Notes on how damages should be calculated in such cases. That guidancewas repeated in Section D of the Explanatory Notes to the Fifth Edition published in November 2004.

55. However the courts have considered themselves bound by Cookson v. Knowles and hence have not followed theguidance offered (White v. Esab (2002) PIQR Q6 and H v. S (2003) QB 965).

56. The current approach also incorporates some actuarial flaws; in particular, it incorporates a discount for earlyreceipt in the period prior to trial or assessment. Accordingly in these Notes, firstly we set out the current approach ofthe courts and secondly we repeat the suggestions for change already contained in the Fourth and Fifth Editions. Anexample is then provided which has been calculated using the current approach and also the two approaches set out inthe Fifth Edition of the Ogden Tables.

Current law

57. Under the Fatal Accidents Act the loss is that of the dependants, i.e. those who relied upon the deceased for support.They may claim that part of the deceased’s income (whether earnings, pension, unearned income or state benefits) thatthe deceased would have spent on them. They may also claim the loss of the services such as DIY, domestic/householdor childcare which the deceased would have undertaken and from which they would have benefited. The position of eachdependant must be considered separately.

58. Each head of dependency must be considered separately. For each head of claim for each dependant the courtcalculates a multiplicand. This is calculated on the basis of what is known at the date of trial. For pre-trial losses, theactual loss to date of trial is calculated. Interest is added. For post-trial losses the multiplicand is calculated as at the dateof trial.

59. A multiplier for the period of dependency is applied to the multiplicand to arrive at an overall lump sum for eachhead of dependency.

Approach currently usually adopted by the courts

60. Under the approach currently usually followed by the courts, the multiplier is calculated as at the date of death.However, when making that calculation the court is entitled to take into account matters that have arisen between deathand trial. For example, Williamson v. Thorneycroft (1940) 2 KB 658 in which the deceased’s widow died after herhusband but before trial. Her dependency terminated at her death. See also Corbett v. Barking, Havering & BrentwoodHA (1991) 2 QB 408.

61. There are two periods to be determined:

(i) The expected period from date of death in which the deceased would have been capable of providing thedependency;

(ii) The expected period from the date of the death in which the dependant would have been able to receive thedependency.

The shorter of those two periods provides the basis for the multiplier.

62. In respect of each of those periods consideration must be given as to what discount should be made forcontingencies other than mortality. The most obvious contingencies other than mortality fall into the following threecategories:

(i) Factors relating to the deceased. For example, the deceased’s health may have been such as to seriously affecthis ability to provide services or work until retirement age. In relation to earnings the starting point for theadjustment factor should be the figures contained in Tables A to D.

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(ii) Factors relating to the dependant. For example, at trial it may be proved that a dependant has a significantlyreduced life expectancy.

(iii) Factors relating to the relationship of the deceased and the dependant. For example, an unmarried couple whowere on the point of separation before the deceased died. See also section 3(4) of the Act and Drew v.Abassi,Court of Appeal 24 May 1995.

63. The assessment of the multiplier involves the following steps:

(1) Determine the expected period from the date of death for which the deceased would have been capable ofproviding the dependency.

(2) Discount that period for early receipt using the appropriate table as at the date of death and a discount rate of2.5%.

(3) Apply any adjustment to the above figure to reflect contingencies other than mortality.

(4) Determine the expected period from date of death for which the dependant would have been able to receivethe dependency.

(5) Discount that period for early receipt using the appropriate table as at the date of death at a discount rate of2.5%.

(6) Apply any adjustment to the figure in (5) to reflect contingencies other than mortality.

(7) Take the lower of the figures in (3) and (6) above. That is the overall multiplier from date of death.

(8) Subtract the period elapsed from date of death to date of trial. Losses in this period will be treated as in effectspecial damages and will attract an award of interest.

(9) The balance of the multiplier will be the multiplier for the post-trial multiplicand.

Approach based on calculations as at date of trial

64. Whereas in personal injury cases the problem to be solved is that of setting a value on an income stream during thepotential life of one person (the claimant), the situation is generally more complicated in fatal accident cases. Here thecompensation is intended to reflect the value of an income stream during the lifetime of one or more dependants of thedeceased (or the expected period for which the dependants would have expected to receive the dependency, if shorter) butlimited according to the expectation of how long the deceased would have been able to provide the financial support, hadhe or she not been involved in the fatal accident.

65. In principle, therefore, the compensation for post-trial dependency should be based on the present value at the dateof the trial of the dependency during the expected future joint lifetime of the deceased and the dependant or claimant (hadthe deceased survived naturally to the date of the trial), subject to any limitations on the period of dependency and anyexpected future changes in the level of dependency, for example, on attaining retirement age. In addition there should becompensation for the period between the date of accident and the date of trial.

66. A set of actuarial tables to make such calculations accurately would require tables similar to Tables 1 to 26 but foreach combination of ages as at the date of the trial of the deceased and the dependant to whom compensation is to bepaid. The Working Party concluded that this would not meet the criterion of simplicity of application which was a centralobjective of these tables and recommends that, in complex cases, or cases where the accuracy of the multiplier is thoughtby the parties to be of critical importance and material to the resulting amount of compensation (for example in casespotentially involving very large claims where the level of the multiplicand is unambiguously established), the advice ofa professionally qualified actuary should be sought. However, for the majority of cases, a certain amount ofapproximation will be appropriate, bearing in mind the need for a simple and streamlined process, and taking intoconsideration the other uncertainties in the determination of an appropriate level of compensation. The followingparagraphs describe a methodology using Tables 1 to 26 which can be expected to yield satisfactory answers.

Damages for the period from the fatal accident to the date of trial

67. The period of pre-trial dependency will normally be equal to the period between the date of the fatal accident andthe date of the trial, substituting where appropriate the lower figure of the expected period for which the deceased wouldhave provided the dependency, had he or she not been killed in the accident, or if the period of dependency would havebeen limited in some way, for example if the dependant is a child.

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68. A deduction may be made for the risk that the deceased might have died anyway, in the period between the date ofthe fatal accident and the date at which the trial takes place. In many cases this deduction will be small and could usuallybe regarded as de minimis. The need for a deduction becomes more necessary the longer the period from the date ofaccident to the date of trial and the older the deceased at the date of death. As an illustration of the order of magnitudeof the deduction, Table E shows some examples of factors by which the multiplier should be multiplied for different agesof the deceased and for different periods from the date of accident to the date of the trial.

N.B. The factor for a period of zero years is clearly 1.00. Factors for other ages and periods not shown in the tablemay be obtained approximately by interpolation.

69. The resultant multiplier, after application of any discount for the possibility of early death of the deceased beforethe date of trial, even had the accident not taken place, is to be applied to the multiplicand, which is determined in theusual way. Interest will then be added up to the date of trial on the basis of special damages.

Damages from the date of trial to retirement age

70. The assessment of the multiplier involves the following steps:

(1) Determine the expected period from the date of the trial for which the deceased would have been able toprovide the dependency (see paragraph 71).

(2) Determine the expected period for which the dependant would have been able to receive the dependency (seeparagraph 71).

(3) Take the lesser of the two periods.

(4) Treat the resulting period as a term certain for which the multiplier is to be determined and look up the figurein Table 28 for this period at the appropriate rate of interest.

(5) Apply any adjustment for contingencies other than mortality in accordance with Section B.

(6) If necessary, make an allowance for the risk that the deceased might have died anyway before the date of thetrial (see paragraph 68).

71. The expected periods at (1) and (2) of paragraph 70 may be obtained from the 0% column of the appropriate tableat the back of this booklet. For (1), Tables 3 to 14 will be relevant, according to the sex of the deceased and the expectedage of retirement. The age at which the table should be entered is the age which the deceased would have been at the date

Table EFactor by which pre-trial damages should be multiplied to allow for the likelihood that the deceased would not

in any case have survived to provide the dependency for the full period to the date of trial

Age of deceased Period from date of accident to date of trial or date of cessation of dependency,at date of accident if earlier (years)

Male deceased Female deceased

3 6 9 3 6 9

10 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

20 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

30 1.00 1.00 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00

40 1.00 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 0.99

50 0.99 0.99 0.98 1.00 0.99 0.99

60 0.98 0.96 0.94 0.99 0.98 0.96

65 0.98 0.94 0.90 0.99 0.96 0.94

70 0.96 0.91 0.84 0.98 0.94 0.89

75 0.93 0.85 0.75 0.95 0.90 0.83

80 0.89 0.77 0.64 0.92 0.83 0.73

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of the trial. For (2) Tables 1 and 2 can be used, according to the sex of the dependant and looking up the table at the ageof the dependant at the date of the trial.

72. If the period for which the dependency would have continued is a short fixed period, as in the case of a child, thefigure at (2) would be the outstanding period at the date of the trial.

73. A deduction may be made for the risk that the deceased might have died anyway before the date of trial. The needfor such a deduction becomes more necessary the longer the period from the date of accident to the date of trial and theolder the deceased at the date of death. As an illustration of the order of magnitude of the deduction, Table F shows someexamples of the factor by which the multiplier, determined as above, should be multiplied for different ages of thedeceased and for different periods from the date of accident to the date of the trial.

N.B. The factor for a period of zero years is clearly 1.00. Factors for other ages and periods not shown in the tablemay be obtained approximately by interpolation.

74. The resulting multiplier, after application of any discount for the possibility of early death of the deceased beforethe date of trial, even had the accident not taken place, is to be applied to the appropriate multiplicand, determined inrelation to dependency as assessed for the period up to retirement age.

75. If there are several dependants, to whom damages are to be paid in respect of their own particular lifetime (or for afixed period of dependency), separate multipliers should be determined for each and multiplied by the appropriatemultiplicand using the procedure in paragraphs 70 to 74. The total amount of damages is then obtained by adding theseparate components. If a single multiplicand is determined, but the damages are to be shared among two or moredependants so long as they are each alive, or during a period of common dependency, then the multiplier will becalculated using the procedure in paragraphs 70 to 74. However, at step (2) of paragraph 70 the expected period will bethe longest of the expected periods for which the dependency might last.

Damages for the period of dependency after retirement age

76. The method described in paragraphs 70 to 75 for pre-retirement age dependency cannot satisfactorily be applieddirectly to post-retirement age dependency with a sufficient degree of accuracy. We therefore propose a method whichinvolves determining the multiplier by looking at dependency for the rest of life from the date of trial and then subtractingthe multiplier for dependency up to retirement age.

77. The assessment of the multiplier for whole of life dependency involves the following steps:

(1) Determine the expectation of life which the deceased would have had as at the date of trial, or such lesserperiod for which the deceased would have been able to provide the dependency (see paragraph 78).

Table FFactor by which post-trial damages should be multiplied to allow for the likelihood that the deceased would not

in any case have survived to the date of trial in order to provide any post-trial dependency

Age of deceased Period from date of accident to date of trial (years)at date of accident

Male deceased Female deceased

3 6 9 3 6 9

10 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

20 1.00 1.00 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00

30 1.00 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 0.99

40 0.99 0.99 0.98 1.00 0.99 0.99

50 0.99 0.97 0.95 0.99 0.98 0.97

60 0.97 0.93 0.87 0.98 0.95 0.92

65 0.95 0.88 0.79 0.97 0.93 0.87

70 0.92 0.81 0.66 0.95 0.87 0.77

75 0.86 0.69 0.51 0.91 0.78 0.64

80 0.78 0.54 0.33 0.84 0.65 0.45

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(2) Determine the expected period for which the dependant would have been able to receive the dependency (seeparagraph 78).

(3) Take the lesser of the two periods.

(4) Treat the resulting period as a term certain for which the multiplier is to be determined and look up the figurein Table 28 for this period at the appropriate rate of interest.

78. The expected periods at (1) and (2) of paragraph 77 may be obtained from the 0% column of the appropriate tableat the back of this booklet. For (1) Tables 1 or 2 will be relevant, according to the sex of the deceased. The age at whichthe table should be entered is the age which the deceased would have attained at the date of the trial. For (2) Tables 1 and2 can be used, according to the sex of the dependant and looking up the table at the age of the dependant at the date ofthe trial.

79. Deduct the corresponding multiplier for post-trial pre-retirement dependency, as determined in paragraphs 70 to 75,but without any adjustment for contingencies other than mortality, or that the deceased may have died anyway before thedate of trial. The result is the multiplier for post-retirement dependency, which must then be applied to the appropriatemultiplicand, assessed in relation to dependency after retirement age. The adjustment for contingencies other thanmortality in respect of the damages for the period of dependency after retirement age will often be less than that requiredfor pre-retirement age damages (see paragraph 30).

80. A deduction may finally be made for the risk that the deceased might have died anyway before the date of trial. Theneed for such a deduction becomes more necessary the longer the period from the date of accident to the date of trial andthe older the deceased at the date of death. As an illustration of the order of magnitude of the deduction, Table F showssome examples of the factor by which the multiplier, determined as above, should be multiplied for different ages of thedeceased and for different periods from the date of accident to the date of the trial. The factors for this purpose are exactlythe same deductions as used in the calculation at paragraphs 70 to 75.

Cases where dependency is not related to employment

81. The layout of paragraphs 70 to 80 is based on the assumption that the dependency provided by the deceased wouldhave changed at retirement age. This may not be appropriate in some cases, particularly in the important case of thedeceased wife and mother whose contribution has been solely in the home or in the case of an adult child caring for anelderly parent or parents. In cases like this, where the deceased might have provided the dependency throughout theirlifetime, paragraphs 76 to 80 should be ignored and paragraphs 70 to 75 used, with the difference that the expected periodrequired at step (1) of paragraph 70 should be a whole of life expectancy, taken from Tables 1 and 2. This is also theapproach to use when the deceased was already a pensioner.

82. The following paragraphs give calculations of damages awards for the same example, but calculated on threedifferent methodologies – the current approach adopted by the courts, the approach advocated in the Fifth Edition of theOgden Tables and the alternative approach in the Fifth Edition of the Ogden Tables amended to use multipliers as at thedate of death. In each case, the different methodology is applied to the following example:

Example 7

The dependant is female, aged 38 at the date of the trial, which is taking place 3 years after the date of the fatal accidentwhich killed her husband, at that time aged 37, on whom she was financially dependent. The deceased had A levels, wasin employment and in good health with no disability at the time of the fatal accident. The dependant was, at the date ofdeath, and is at the date of trial, in good health. Their relationship was stable. The Court has determined a multiplicandof £30,000 up to the deceased’s normal retirement age of 65 with no financial dependency post age 65, nor any servicesdependency. The damages are to be calculated as follows:

Current approach

83. (1) The deceased would have been capable of providing the financial dependency to the dependant for the periodof 28 years from the date of his death aged 37 to his 65th birthday.

(2) The appropriate Table is 9. Using the 2.5% column the multiplier = 19.56.

(3) Adjustment factor for contingencies other than mortality (in accordance with Section B) for an employed maleaged 37 with A levels and who is not disabled = 0.90 to give a multiplier of 19.56 x 0.90 = 17.60.

(4) The expected period for which the dependant would have been able to receive the dependency was betweenthe ages of 35 and 63.

(5) The appropriate Tables are 8 and 10, and using the 2.5% column the multiplier = 19.86.

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(6) The parties were married so section 3(4) does not apply. The relationship was stable. The dependant was andis in good health. The court is unlikely to make much of an adjustment to the figure in (5) above to reflectcontingencies other than mortality.

(7) The lower of the two figures is that in (3) above, namely 17.60.

(8) The period that has elapsed between date of death and date of trial is 3 years. The pre-trial loss is therefore£30,000 x 3 = £90,000.

(9) Interest at half rate from date of death to date of trial: 3 years at 3% a year = 9%.£90,000 x 9% = £8,100.

(10) The post-trial multiplier is 14.60 (17.60 – 3).

(11) The post-trial loss is therefore 14.60 x £30,000 = £438,000.

(12) Total financial dependency therefore £90,000 + £8,100 + £438,000 = £536,100.

Fifth edition approach

84. Pre-trial damages:

(1) Period between fatal accident and trial: 3 years.

(2) Factor for possible early death (Table E for male aged 37 and 3 years) = 1.00.

(3) Pre-trial damages = 3 x 1.00 x £30,000 = £90,000 (plus interest as special damages).

(4) Interest at half rate from date of death to date of trial: 3 years at 3% a year = 9%.£90,000 x 9% = £8,100.

Post-trial damages:

(1) Expected period for which the deceased would have provided the dependency (Table 9 at 0% for male aged40, the age as at the date of trial): 24.00.

(2) Expected period for which the dependant would have been able to receive the dependency (Table 2 at 0% forfemale aged 38): 49.14.

(3) Lesser of two periods at (1) and (2) = 24.00.

(4) Multiplier for term certain of 24.00 years at 2½% rate of return = 18.11.

(5) Adjustment factor for contingencies other than mortality (in accordance with Section B) for an employed maleaged 40 with A levels and who was not disabled = 0.88 to give a multiplier of 18.11 x 0.88 = 15.94.

(6) Adjustment factor for the risk that the deceased might have died anyway before the date of trial (Table F formale aged 37 and 3 years): 0.99 to give a multiplier of 15.94 x 0.99 = 15.78.

(7) Post-trial damages = 15.78 x £30,000 = £473,400.


Alternative Fifth edition approach amended to use multipliers as at the date of death

85. If the court wishes to select multipliers from the date of death instead of following the guidance given above, it isessential to ensure that the period before the trial does not include a discount for early receipt. This could be achieved byselecting multipliers from the 0% columns of the appropriate tables and then applying the discount for early receipt tothe period after the trial (using the discount rate set under Section 1 of the Damages Act 1996). Thus, the calculations forexample 7 above would then be:

(1) Expected period for which the deceased would have provided the dependency (Table 9 at 0% for male aged37, the age as at the date of death): 26.93.

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(2) Deduct period between accidental death and date of trial of 3 years to give post-trial period: 23.93.

(3) Expected post-trial period for which the dependant would have been able to receive the dependency (Table 2at 0% for female aged 38): 49.14.


(5) Multiplier for term certain of 23.93 years at 2.5% rate of return (Table 28) = 18.07.


(7) Pre-trial damages = 3 x £30,000 = £90,000 (plus interest as special damages of £8,100).

(8) Post-trial damages = 16.26 x £30,000 = £487,800.


86. As can be seen the three methodologies give three different amounts of damages, namely £536,100 for the currentapproach used by the courts, £571,500 using the methodology set out in the Fifth Edition and £585,900 using thealternative methodology set out in the Fifth Edition with multipliers as at the date of death. The size of the disparitiesbetween the three methods depends on the length of the period between the date of death and the date of trial; if theexample had assumed a period of 6 years the differences would have been greater.

87. The following paragraphs show extensions of the methodology set out in the Fifth Edition to more complexexamples. The other methodologies detailed earlier can be extended similarly.

Example 8

88. The dependant is female, aged 50 at the date of the trial, which is taking place 4 years after the date of the fatalaccident which killed the man, at that time aged 47, on whom she was financially dependent. The deceased was inemployment at the time of the fatal accident, was not disabled and had achieved A levels. The Court has determined amultiplicand, up to the deceased’s normal retirement age of 60, of £50,000 and has decided that post-retirement damagesshould be payable based on a multiplicand of £30,000. The damages are to be calculated as follows:

Pre-trial damages:


(2) Factor for possible early death (Table E for male aged 47 and 4 years): 0.99.

(3) Pre-trial damages = 4 x 0.99 x £50,000 = £198,000 (plus interest as special damages).

Post-trial pre-retirement damages:

(1) Expected period for which the deceased would have provided the dependency (Table 7 at 0% for male aged51, the age as at the date of trial): 8.80.



(4) Multiplier for term certain of 8.80 years at 2½% rate of return (interpolating between the values for 8 and 9in Table 28) = (9 – 8.80) x 7.26 + (8.80 – 8) x 8.07 = 7.91.



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(7) Post-trial pre-retirement damages = 6.43 x £50,000 = £321,500.

Post-retirement damages:

(1) Expectation of life of deceased at date of trial (Table 1 at 0% for male aged 51): 32.44.



(4) Multiplier for time certain of 32.44 years at 2½% rate of return (interpolating between the values for 32 and33 in Table 28) = (33 – 32.44) x 22.12 + (32.44 – 32) x 22.57 = 22.32.

(5) Deduct multiplier for post-trial pre-retirement damages before application of adjustment factors forcontingencies other than mortality and for the risk that the deceased might have died anyway before the dateof trial: 22.32 – 7.91 = 14.41.


(7) Post-retirement damages = 14.27 x £30,000 = £428,100.

Example 9

89. There are two dependants, respectively a child aged 10 and a male aged 41 at the date of the trial, which is takingplace 3 years after the date of the fatal accident which killed the woman, at that time aged 35, on whom both werefinancially dependent. She had a degree and worked in London for a computer company. The Court has determined amultiplicand, up to the deceased’s normal retirement age of 62, of £50,000 for the male dependant and £10,000 for thechild, up to the age of 21, and has decided that post-retirement damages should be payable based on a multiplicand of£20,000. The damages are to be calculated as follows:

Pre-trial damages:


(2) Factor for possible early death (Table E for female aged 35 and 3 years): 1.00.

(3) Pre-trial damages = 3 x 1.00 x (£50,000 + £10,000) = £180,000 (plus interest as special damages).

Post-trial pre-retirement damages:

(1) Expected period for which the deceased would have provided the dependency should be based on female aged38 at the date of trial with retirement age of 62. First calculate as though deceased were aged 36 and hadretirement age of 60 (Table 8 at 0% for female aged 36): 23.61.

Then calculate as though deceased were aged 41 and had retirement age of 65 (Table 10 at 0% for female aged41): 23.37.

Interpolate for age 38 with retirement age of 62 = (3 x 23.61 + 2 x 23.37)/5 = 23.51.

(2) Expected period for which the male dependant would have been able to receive the dependency (Table 1 at 0%for male aged 41): 42.48.

Expected period for which child would have been able to receive the dependency = 11.00.

(3) Lesser of two periods at (1) and (2) = 11.00 (in case of child)= 23.51 (in case of man).

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(4) Multiplier for term certain of 11 years at 2½% (Table 28): 9.63.

Multiplier for term certain of 23.51 years at 2½% rate of return (interpolating between the values for 23 and24 in Table 28)

= (24 – 23.51) x 17.55 + (23.51 – 23) x 18.11 = 17.84.

(5) Adjustment factor for contingencies other than mortality (in accordance with Section B) for an employedfemale aged 38 with a degree and who was not disabled = 0.89 (does not apply to child) to give a multiplierof 17.84 x 0.89 = 15.88.

(6) Adjustment factor for the risk that the deceased might have died anyway before the date of trial (Table F forfemale aged 35 and 3 years): 1.00, so multipliers are 9.63 and 15.88 respectively.

(7) Pre-retirement damages = 9.63 x £10,000 + 15.88 x £50,000= £96,300 + £794,000 = £890,300.

Post-retirement damages:

(1) Expectation of life of deceased at date of trial (Table 2 at 0% for female aged 38): 49.14.

(2) Expected period for which the dependant would have been able to receive the dependency (Table 1 at 0% formale aged 41): 42.48 (no post-retirement dependency for child).


(4) Multiplier for time certain of 42.48 years at 2½% rate of return (interpolating between the values for 42 and43 in Table 28)

= (43 – 42.48) x 26.14 + (42.48 – 42) x 26.49 = 26.31.

(5) Deduct multiplier for post-trial pre-retirement damages before application of adjustment factors forcontingencies other than mortality and for the risk that the deceased might have died anyway before the dateof trial: 26.31 – 17.84 = 8.47.

(6) Adjustment factor for the risk that the deceased might have died anyway before the date of trial (Table F forfemale aged 35 and 3 years) = 1.00, so multiplier is 8.47 x 1.00 = 8.47.

(7) Post-retirement damages = 8.47 x £20,000 = £169,400.

SECTION E: CONCLUDING REMARKS

90. These tables are designed to assist the courts to arrive at suitable multipliers in a range of possible situations.However, they do not cover all possibilities and in more complex situations, such as where there are significant pensionrights, advice should be sought from a Fellow of the Institute of Actuaries or a Fellow of the Faculty of Actuaries.

CHRISTOPHER DAYKIN CB, MA, FIAGovernment ActuaryLondonMarch 2007

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31

TABLES


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Table 1 Multipliers for pecuniary loss for life (males)

Age at Multiplier calculated with allowance for projected mortality from the 2004-based population projections Age atdate of and rate of return of date oftrial trial

0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0%

0 86.63 69.86 57.39 47.98 40.76 35.15 30.72 27.17 24.28 21.91 19.94 01 85.96 69.49 57.21 47.91 40.76 35.19 30.77 27.24 24.36 21.99 20.01 12 84.86 68.78 56.74 47.60 40.55 35.05 30.68 27.17 24.32 21.96 19.99 23 83.76 68.05 56.26 47.28 40.34 34.90 30.58 27.10 24.27 21.93 19.97 34 82.65 67.32 55.77 46.95 40.12 34.75 30.48 27.03 24.22 21.89 19.94 4

5 81.53 66.58 55.27 46.61 39.89 34.59 30.37 26.95 24.16 21.85 19.91 56 80.42 65.83 54.77 46.27 39.65 34.43 30.25 26.87 24.10 21.81 19.88 67 79.30 65.08 54.26 45.92 39.41 34.26 30.13 26.79 24.04 21.76 19.85 78 78.18 64.32 53.74 45.56 39.16 34.08 30.01 26.70 23.98 21.71 19.81 89 77.06 63.56 53.22 45.20 38.91 33.91 29.88 26.61 23.91 21.66 19.78 9

10 75.95 62.79 52.69 44.83 38.65 33.72 29.75 26.51 23.84 21.61 19.74 1011 74.83 62.02 52.16 44.46 38.39 33.53 29.61 26.41 23.77 21.56 19.70 1112 73.71 61.25 51.62 44.08 38.11 33.34 29.47 26.31 23.69 21.50 19.65 1213 72.59 60.47 51.07 43.69 37.84 33.14 29.33 26.20 23.61 21.44 19.61 1314 71.48 59.69 50.52 43.30 37.56 32.93 29.18 26.09 23.52 21.38 19.56 14

15 70.36 58.90 49.96 42.90 37.27 32.72 29.02 25.97 23.44 21.31 19.51 1516 69.25 58.12 49.40 42.50 36.97 32.51 28.86 25.85 23.35 21.24 19.45 1617 68.14 57.33 48.83 42.09 36.68 32.29 28.70 25.73 23.26 21.17 19.40 1718 67.04 56.55 48.27 41.68 36.38 32.07 28.54 25.61 23.16 21.10 19.34 1819 65.95 55.77 47.71 41.27 36.08 31.85 28.37 25.49 23.07 21.03 19.29 19

20 64.87 54.99 47.14 40.86 35.78 31.63 28.21 25.36 22.98 20.96 19.23 2021 63.79 54.21 46.58 40.44 35.47 31.40 28.04 25.23 22.88 20.88 19.17 2122 62.71 53.42 46.00 40.02 35.16 31.16 27.86 25.10 22.77 20.80 19.11 2223 61.63 52.63 45.42 39.59 34.83 30.92 27.68 24.96 22.67 20.72 19.05 2324 60.55 51.84 44.83 39.15 34.51 30.67 27.49 24.81 22.55 20.63 18.98 24

25 59.47 51.03 44.23 38.70 34.17 30.42 27.29 24.66 22.44 20.54 18.90 2526 58.38 50.23 43.63 38.25 33.82 30.15 27.09 24.50 22.31 20.44 18.83 2627 57.31 49.42 43.03 37.79 33.47 29.89 26.88 24.34 22.19 20.34 18.75 2728 56.24 48.62 42.42 37.33 33.12 29.61 26.67 24.18 22.06 20.24 18.67 2829 55.17 47.82 41.81 36.86 32.76 29.33 26.45 24.01 21.92 20.13 18.58 29

30 54.10 47.00 41.19 36.39 32.39 29.05 26.23 23.83 21.78 20.02 18.49 3031 53.03 46.19 40.56 35.90 32.02 28.75 26.00 23.65 21.64 19.90 18.40 3132 51.97 45.37 39.93 35.41 31.64 28.46 25.76 23.46 21.48 19.78 18.30 3233 50.91 44.55 39.30 34.92 31.25 28.15 25.52 23.26 21.33 19.65 18.19 3334 49.85 43.73 38.66 34.42 30.85 27.83 25.27 23.06 21.17 19.52 18.08 34

35 48.78 42.90 38.01 33.91 30.45 27.51 25.01 22.86 21.00 19.38 17.97 3536 47.73 42.08 37.36 33.39 30.04 27.18 24.74 22.64 20.82 19.24 17.85 3637 46.67 41.24 36.70 32.87 29.62 26.85 24.47 22.42 20.64 19.09 17.73 3738 45.62 40.41 36.04 32.34 29.19 26.50 24.19 22.19 20.45 18.93 17.60 3839 44.56 39.57 35.37 31.80 28.76 26.15 23.90 21.95 20.26 18.77 17.46 39

40 43.52 38.74 34.70 31.26 28.32 25.79 23.61 21.71 20.05 18.60 17.32 4041 42.48 37.90 34.02 30.71 27.87 25.42 23.30 21.46 19.84 18.43 17.17 4142 41.44 37.06 33.34 30.15 27.41 25.05 22.99 21.20 19.63 18.24 17.02 4243 40.40 36.22 32.65 29.59 26.95 24.67 22.68 20.93 19.41 18.06 16.86 4344 39.37 35.38 31.97 29.03 26.49 24.28 22.35 20.66 19.18 17.86 16.69 44

45 38.35 34.55 31.28 28.46 26.01 23.88 22.02 20.38 18.94 17.66 16.52 4546 37.34 33.71 30.59 27.89 25.54 23.49 21.69 20.10 18.70 17.46 16.35 4647 36.34 32.89 29.90 27.32 25.06 23.08 21.35 19.81 18.45 17.25 16.17 4748 35.34 32.06 29.22 26.74 24.58 22.68 21.00 19.52 18.20 17.03 15.98 4849 34.37 31.25 28.54 26.17 24.09 22.27 20.65 19.22 17.95 16.81 15.79 49

50 33.40 30.44 27.86 25.60 23.61 21.86 20.30 18.92 17.69 16.59 15.60 5051 32.44 29.63 27.18 25.02 23.12 21.44 19.95 18.62 17.43 16.36 15.40 5152 31.49 28.84 26.50 24.45 22.63 21.02 19.58 18.30 17.16 16.12 15.19 5253 30.55 28.04 25.82 23.87 22.13 20.59 19.21 17.98 16.88 15.88 14.98 5354 29.61 27.23 25.13 23.28 21.62 20.15 18.83 17.65 16.59 15.63 14.76 54

55 28.66 26.42 24.44 22.67 21.10 19.70 18.44 17.31 16.29 15.36 14.52 5556 27.71 25.60 23.73 22.06 20.57 19.23 18.03 16.95 15.97 15.08 14.28 5657 26.76 24.78 23.02 21.44 20.03 18.76 17.62 16.58 15.65 14.79 14.02 5758 25.82 23.96 22.31 20.82 19.48 18.28 17.19 16.21 15.31 14.50 13.75 5859 24.89 23.15 21.59 20.19 18.93 17.79 16.76 15.82 14.97 14.19 13.48 59

60 23.97 22.35 20.89 19.57 18.38 17.30 16.33 15.44 14.62 13.88 13.20 6061 23.08 21.56 20.19 18.96 17.84 16.82 15.90 15.05 14.28 13.57 12.92 6162 22.20 20.79 19.51 18.35 17.30 16.34 15.47 14.67 13.93 13.26 12.64 6263 21.34 20.03 18.83 17.75 16.76 15.86 15.03 14.28 13.58 12.94 12.36 6364 20.50 19.27 18.16 17.15 16.22 15.37 14.60 13.88 13.23 12.62 12.06 64

65 19.66 18.52 17.49 16.54 15.68 14.88 14.16 13.48 12.86 12.29 11.76 6566 18.82 17.77 16.81 15.94 15.13 14.39 13.70 13.07 12.49 11.95 11.45 6667 17.99 17.02 16.14 15.32 14.57 13.88 13.24 12.65 12.11 11.60 11.13 6768 17.16 16.27 15.45 14.70 14.01 13.36 12.77 12.22 11.71 11.23 10.79 6869 16.33 15.51 14.76 14.07 13.43 12.84 12.29 11.77 11.30 10.85 10.44 69

continued


33

Table 1 Multipliers for pecuniary loss for life (males) continued


0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0%

70 15.50 14.75 14.07 13.43 12.85 12.30 11.79 11.32 10.87 10.46 10.08 7071 14.67 14.00 13.38 12.80 12.26 11.76 11.29 10.85 10.44 10.06 9.70 7172 13.86 13.25 12.69 12.16 11.67 11.21 10.78 10.38 10.00 9.65 9.32 7273 13.07 12.52 12.01 11.53 11.09 10.67 10.28 9.91 9.56 9.24 8.94 7374 12.31 11.81 11.35 10.92 10.51 10.13 9.78 9.44 9.13 8.83 8.55 74

75 11.57 11.13 10.71 10.32 9.95 9.61 9.29 8.98 8.70 8.42 8.17 7576 10.86 10.47 10.09 9.74 9.41 9.10 8.81 8.53 8.27 8.03 7.79 7677 10.19 9.84 9.50 9.19 8.89 8.61 8.35 8.10 7.86 7.64 7.42 7778 9.55 9.24 8.94 8.66 8.39 8.14 7.90 7.68 7.46 7.26 7.06 7879 8.95 8.67 8.40 8.15 7.91 7.69 7.47 7.27 7.08 6.89 6.71 79

80 8.38 8.13 7.89 7.67 7.45 7.25 7.06 6.88 6.70 6.53 6.38 8081 7.83 7.61 7.40 7.20 7.01 6.83 6.66 6.49 6.34 6.19 6.04 8182 7.31 7.12 6.93 6.75 6.58 6.42 6.27 6.12 5.98 5.85 5.72 8283 6.81 6.64 6.47 6.32 6.17 6.02 5.89 5.75 5.63 5.51 5.39 8384 6.32 6.17 6.03 5.89 5.76 5.63 5.51 5.39 5.28 5.17 5.07 84

85 5.87 5.73 5.61 5.49 5.37 5.26 5.15 5.05 4.95 4.85 4.76 8586 5.44 5.33 5.22 5.11 5.01 4.91 4.81 4.72 4.64 4.55 4.47 8687 5.05 4.95 4.85 4.76 4.67 4.58 4.50 4.42 4.34 4.27 4.19 8788 4.68 4.60 4.51 4.43 4.35 4.27 4.20 4.13 4.06 4.00 3.93 8889 4.35 4.28 4.20 4.13 4.06 4.00 3.93 3.87 3.81 3.75 3.69 89

90 4.05 3.99 3.92 3.86 3.80 3.74 3.68 3.63 3.57 3.52 3.47 9091 3.76 3.71 3.65 3.59 3.54 3.49 3.44 3.39 3.34 3.30 3.25 9192 3.49 3.44 3.39 3.34 3.30 3.25 3.21 3.16 3.12 3.08 3.04 9293 3.26 3.21 3.17 3.12 3.08 3.04 3.00 2.96 2.93 2.89 2.86 9394 3.06 3.02 2.98 2.94 2.91 2.87 2.83 2.80 2.77 2.73 2.70 94

95 2.88 2.85 2.81 2.78 2.75 2.71 2.68 2.65 2.62 2.59 2.56 9596 2.71 2.68 2.65 2.62 2.59 2.56 2.53 2.51 2.48 2.45 2.43 9697 2.55 2.52 2.49 2.46 2.44 2.41 2.39 2.36 2.34 2.32 2.29 9798 2.38 2.36 2.33 2.31 2.29 2.26 2.24 2.22 2.20 2.18 2.16 9899 2.22 2.20 2.18 2.15 2.13 2.12 2.10 2.08 2.06 2.04 2.02 99

100 2.06 2.04 2.02 2.01 1.99 1.97 1.95 1.94 1.92 1.90 1.89 100


34

Table 2 Multipliers for pecuniary loss for life (females)


0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0%

0 90.15 72.21 58.98 49.06 41.51 35.67 31.09 27.43 24.48 22.06 20.05 01 89.44 71.83 58.79 48.99 41.50 35.70 31.14 27.50 24.55 22.13 20.11 12 88.36 71.13 58.34 48.70 41.32 35.58 31.06 27.44 24.51 22.10 20.10 23 87.27 70.43 57.88 48.40 41.12 35.45 30.97 27.38 24.47 22.08 20.08 34 86.17 69.72 57.42 48.09 40.92 35.32 30.88 27.32 24.43 22.05 20.06 4

5 85.07 69.00 56.95 47.78 40.71 35.18 30.79 27.26 24.38 22.01 20.04 56 83.97 68.28 56.47 47.46 40.49 35.03 30.69 27.19 24.34 21.98 20.01 67 82.87 67.55 55.99 47.14 40.28 34.88 30.59 27.12 24.29 21.95 19.99 78 81.77 66.82 55.50 46.81 40.05 34.73 30.48 27.04 24.23 21.91 19.96 89 80.67 66.08 55.00 46.47 39.82 34.57 30.37 26.97 24.18 21.87 19.93 9

10 79.57 65.34 54.50 46.13 39.59 34.41 30.26 26.89 24.12 21.83 19.90 1011 78.47 64.60 53.99 45.78 39.35 34.24 30.14 26.80 24.06 21.79 19.87 1112 77.36 63.85 53.48 45.43 39.10 34.07 30.02 26.72 24.00 21.74 19.84 1213 76.26 63.10 52.96 45.07 38.85 33.89 29.89 26.63 23.94 21.69 19.80 1314 75.16 62.34 52.44 44.71 38.60 33.71 29.76 26.53 23.87 21.64 19.77 14

15 74.06 61.58 51.91 44.34 38.34 33.53 29.63 26.44 23.80 21.59 19.73 1516 72.97 60.82 51.38 43.97 38.07 33.34 29.49 26.34 23.73 21.54 19.69 1617 71.88 60.06 50.85 43.59 37.80 33.15 29.36 26.24 23.65 21.48 19.65 1718 70.79 59.30 50.31 43.21 37.53 32.95 29.21 26.14 23.57 21.43 19.60 1819 69.70 58.53 49.77 42.82 37.25 32.75 29.07 26.03 23.50 21.37 19.56 19

20 68.61 57.76 49.22 42.42 36.97 32.54 28.91 25.92 23.41 21.30 19.51 2021 67.52 56.98 48.66 42.02 36.68 32.33 28.76 25.80 23.33 21.24 19.46 2122 66.43 56.20 48.10 41.62 36.38 32.11 28.60 25.68 23.23 21.17 19.41 2223 65.34 55.42 47.53 41.20 36.08 31.89 28.43 25.55 23.14 21.10 19.36 2324 64.25 54.63 46.96 40.78 35.77 31.66 28.26 25.42 23.04 21.02 19.30 24

25 63.16 53.84 46.38 40.36 35.45 31.42 28.08 25.29 22.94 20.94 19.24 2526 62.08 53.05 45.79 39.92 35.13 31.18 27.90 25.15 22.83 20.86 19.17 2627 60.99 52.25 45.20 39.48 34.80 30.93 27.71 25.01 22.72 20.78 19.10 2728 59.91 51.45 44.61 39.04 34.46 30.67 27.51 24.86 22.61 20.69 19.03 2829 58.83 50.64 44.01 38.58 34.12 30.41 27.31 24.70 22.49 20.59 18.96 29

30 57.74 49.83 43.40 38.12 33.77 30.15 27.11 24.54 22.36 20.49 18.88 3031 56.66 49.02 42.78 37.66 33.41 29.87 26.89 24.38 22.23 20.39 18.80 3132 55.58 48.20 42.16 37.18 33.05 29.59 26.68 24.21 22.10 20.28 18.71 3233 54.50 47.38 41.54 36.70 32.68 29.30 26.45 24.03 21.96 20.17 18.63 3334 53.43 46.56 40.91 36.22 32.30 29.01 26.22 23.85 21.81 20.06 18.53 34

35 52.35 45.74 40.27 35.73 31.92 28.71 25.98 23.66 21.66 19.93 18.43 3536 51.28 44.91 39.63 35.22 31.52 28.40 25.74 23.46 21.50 19.81 18.33 3637 50.21 44.08 38.98 34.72 31.13 28.08 25.49 23.26 21.34 19.67 18.22 3738 49.14 43.25 38.33 34.20 30.72 27.76 25.23 23.05 21.17 19.54 18.11 3839 48.07 42.41 37.67 33.68 30.30 27.43 24.96 22.84 21.00 19.39 17.99 39

40 47.01 41.58 37.01 33.16 29.89 27.09 24.69 22.61 20.82 19.25 17.87 4041 45.95 40.74 36.35 32.63 29.46 26.74 24.41 22.39 20.63 19.09 17.74 4142 44.90 39.90 35.68 32.09 29.02 26.39 24.12 22.15 20.44 18.93 17.61 4243 43.85 39.06 35.00 31.55 28.59 26.04 23.83 21.91 20.24 18.77 17.47 4344 42.80 38.22 34.33 31.00 28.14 25.67 23.53 21.66 20.03 18.59 17.33 44

45 41.77 37.39 33.65 30.45 27.69 25.30 23.23 21.41 19.82 18.42 17.18 4546 40.74 36.55 32.97 29.90 27.24 24.93 22.92 21.15 19.61 18.24 17.03 4647 39.71 35.72 32.29 29.34 26.77 24.55 22.60 20.89 19.38 18.05 16.87 4748 38.70 34.89 31.61 28.77 26.31 24.16 22.28 20.62 19.16 17.86 16.70 4849 37.69 34.06 30.93 28.21 25.84 23.77 21.95 20.34 18.92 17.66 16.53 49

50 36.69 33.23 30.24 27.64 25.36 23.37 21.61 20.06 18.68 17.46 16.36 5051 35.69 32.41 29.56 27.07 24.88 22.96 21.27 19.77 18.44 17.25 16.18 5152 34.70 31.59 28.87 26.49 24.40 22.55 20.92 19.47 18.18 17.03 15.99 5253 33.71 30.76 28.17 25.90 23.90 22.13 20.56 19.17 17.92 16.80 15.80 5354 32.73 29.93 27.47 25.31 23.39 21.70 20.19 18.85 17.64 16.56 15.59 54

55 31.74 29.09 26.76 24.70 22.88 21.26 19.81 18.52 17.36 16.32 15.38 5556 30.75 28.25 26.05 24.09 22.36 20.81 19.42 18.18 17.07 16.06 15.15 5657 29.77 27.42 25.33 23.48 21.82 20.35 19.03 17.84 16.77 15.80 14.92 5758 28.80 26.58 24.61 22.86 21.29 19.88 18.62 17.48 16.46 15.52 14.68 5859 27.83 25.75 23.89 22.23 20.75 19.41 18.21 17.12 16.14 15.24 14.43 59

60 26.88 24.93 23.18 21.61 20.20 18.94 17.79 16.76 15.81 14.96 14.18 6061 25.94 24.11 22.47 20.99 19.66 18.46 17.37 16.38 15.49 14.67 13.92 6162 25.02 23.30 21.76 20.37 19.11 17.98 16.95 16.01 15.15 14.37 13.65 6263 24.10 22.49 21.05 19.75 18.56 17.49 16.51 15.62 14.81 14.06 13.38 6364 23.18 21.69 20.34 19.12 18.01 17.00 16.07 15.23 14.46 13.75 13.10 64

65 22.28 20.89 19.63 18.49 17.45 16.50 15.63 14.83 14.10 13.42 12.80 6566 21.38 20.09 18.92 17.85 16.88 15.99 15.17 14.42 13.73 13.09 12.50 6667 20.48 19.29 18.20 17.21 16.30 15.47 14.70 13.99 13.34 12.74 12.18 6768 19.58 18.48 17.47 16.55 15.71 14.93 14.22 13.55 12.94 12.38 11.85 6869 18.66 17.66 16.73 15.88 15.10 14.38 13.71 13.10 12.52 11.99 11.50 69

continued


35

Table 2 Multipliers for pecuniary loss for life (females) continued


0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0%

70 17.74 16.82 15.97 15.19 14.47 13.81 13.19 12.62 12.09 11.59 11.13 7071 16.82 15.98 15.21 14.50 13.84 13.22 12.65 12.13 11.63 11.17 10.74 7172 15.90 15.14 14.44 13.79 13.19 12.63 12.11 11.62 11.17 10.74 10.34 7273 14.99 14.31 13.67 13.09 12.54 12.03 11.55 11.11 10.69 10.30 9.93 7374 14.10 13.49 12.92 12.39 11.89 11.43 11.00 10.59 10.21 9.85 9.51 74

75 13.24 12.69 12.18 11.71 11.26 10.84 10.45 10.08 9.73 9.40 9.10 7576 12.42 11.93 11.47 11.05 10.64 10.27 9.91 9.58 9.26 8.96 8.68 7677 11.64 11.20 10.79 10.41 10.05 9.71 9.39 9.09 8.80 8.53 8.28 7778 10.89 10.51 10.14 9.80 9.48 9.17 8.88 8.61 8.35 8.11 7.88 7879 10.19 9.84 9.52 9.21 8.93 8.65 8.39 8.15 7.92 7.70 7.48 79

80 9.51 9.21 8.92 8.65 8.39 8.15 7.92 7.70 7.49 7.29 7.10 8081 8.87 8.60 8.35 8.11 7.88 7.66 7.46 7.26 7.07 6.89 6.72 8182 8.26 8.02 7.80 7.58 7.38 7.19 7.01 6.83 6.66 6.50 6.35 8283 7.67 7.46 7.27 7.08 6.90 6.73 6.57 6.41 6.26 6.12 5.98 8384 7.10 6.92 6.75 6.59 6.43 6.28 6.14 6.00 5.87 5.74 5.62 84

85 6.57 6.41 6.26 6.12 5.98 5.85 5.73 5.60 5.49 5.38 5.27 8586 6.07 5.93 5.80 5.68 5.56 5.44 5.33 5.23 5.12 5.02 4.93 8687 5.60 5.48 5.37 5.26 5.16 5.06 4.96 4.86 4.77 4.69 4.60 8788 5.17 5.06 4.97 4.87 4.78 4.69 4.61 4.53 4.45 4.37 4.30 8889 4.77 4.68 4.60 4.51 4.43 4.36 4.28 4.21 4.14 4.08 4.01 89

90 4.41 4.33 4.26 4.19 4.12 4.05 3.99 3.92 3.86 3.80 3.75 9091 4.08 4.01 3.95 3.89 3.83 3.77 3.71 3.66 3.60 3.55 3.50 9192 3.79 3.73 3.67 3.61 3.56 3.51 3.46 3.41 3.36 3.32 3.27 9293 3.53 3.47 3.42 3.38 3.33 3.28 3.24 3.20 3.15 3.11 3.07 9394 3.30 3.25 3.21 3.17 3.12 3.08 3.04 3.00 2.97 2.93 2.90 94

95 3.08 3.04 3.01 2.97 2.93 2.89 2.86 2.82 2.79 2.76 2.73 9596 2.89 2.85 2.82 2.78 2.75 2.72 2.69 2.66 2.63 2.60 2.57 9697 2.70 2.67 2.64 2.61 2.58 2.55 2.53 2.50 2.47 2.45 2.42 9798 2.53 2.50 2.48 2.45 2.42 2.40 2.37 2.35 2.33 2.30 2.28 9899 2.37 2.34 2.32 2.30 2.27 2.25 2.23 2.21 2.19 2.17 2.15 99

100 2.21 2.19 2.17 2.15 2.13 2.11 2.09 2.07 2.05 2.03 2.02 100


36

Table 3 Multipliers for loss of earnings to pension age 50 (males)


0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0%

16 33.58 30.90 28.52 26.39 24.48 22.77 21.24 19.86 18.61 17.48 16.46 1617 32.59 30.06 27.80 25.78 23.96 22.33 20.86 19.54 18.34 17.25 16.26 1718 31.59 29.21 27.08 25.16 23.44 21.88 20.48 19.21 18.05 17.00 16.05 1819 30.60 28.37 26.36 24.54 22.91 21.43 20.09 18.87 17.76 16.76 15.83 19

20 29.62 27.52 25.63 23.92 22.37 20.96 19.68 18.52 17.46 16.50 15.61 2021 28.63 26.67 24.89 23.28 21.81 20.48 19.27 18.16 17.15 16.22 15.37 2122 27.65 25.81 24.15 22.63 21.25 19.99 18.84 17.79 16.83 15.94 15.13 2223 26.66 24.95 23.39 21.98 20.68 19.49 18.40 17.41 16.49 15.64 14.87 2324 25.67 24.09 22.64 21.31 20.09 18.98 17.95 17.01 16.14 15.33 14.59 24

25 24.68 23.21 21.87 20.63 19.49 18.45 17.48 16.59 15.77 15.01 14.30 2526 23.70 22.34 21.09 19.94 18.88 17.91 17.00 16.17 15.39 14.67 14.00 2627 22.71 21.46 20.31 19.25 18.26 17.35 16.51 15.72 14.99 14.32 13.69 2728 21.72 20.58 19.52 18.54 17.63 16.78 16.00 15.27 14.58 13.95 13.36 2829 20.74 19.69 18.72 17.82 16.98 16.20 15.47 14.79 14.16 13.56 13.01 29

30 19.75 18.80 17.92 17.10 16.33 15.61 14.93 14.31 13.72 13.16 12.64 3031 18.77 17.91 17.11 16.36 15.66 15.00 14.38 13.80 13.25 12.74 12.26 3132 17.78 17.01 16.29 15.61 14.97 14.37 13.81 13.28 12.78 12.30 11.86 3233 16.80 16.11 15.46 14.85 14.27 13.73 13.22 12.74 12.28 11.85 11.44 3334 15.81 15.20 14.62 14.08 13.56 13.08 12.61 12.18 11.76 11.37 11.00 34

35 14.83 14.29 13.78 13.30 12.84 12.40 11.99 11.60 11.22 10.87 10.53 3536 13.84 13.37 12.93 12.50 12.10 11.71 11.35 11.00 10.67 10.35 10.05 3637 12.86 12.45 12.07 11.70 11.34 11.01 10.69 10.38 10.08 9.80 9.53 3738 11.87 11.53 11.19 10.88 10.57 10.28 10.00 9.74 9.48 9.23 9.00 3839 10.89 10.60 10.32 10.05 9.79 9.54 9.30 9.07 8.85 8.64 8.43 39

40 9.90 9.66 9.43 9.20 8.99 8.78 8.58 8.38 8.20 8.02 7.84 4041 8.92 8.72 8.53 8.35 8.17 8.00 7.83 7.67 7.52 7.37 7.22 4142 7.93 7.77 7.62 7.48 7.33 7.20 7.06 6.93 6.81 6.69 6.57 4243 6.94 6.82 6.71 6.59 6.48 6.38 6.27 6.17 6.07 5.98 5.88 4344 5.95 5.87 5.78 5.70 5.61 5.53 5.46 5.38 5.31 5.23 5.16 44

45 4.97 4.90 4.84 4.79 4.73 4.67 4.62 4.56 4.51 4.46 4.41 4546 3.98 3.94 3.90 3.86 3.82 3.79 3.75 3.72 3.68 3.65 3.61 4647 2.99 2.96 2.94 2.92 2.90 2.88 2.86 2.84 2.82 2.80 2.78 4748 1.99 1.98 1.97 1.96 1.95 1.94 1.94 1.93 1.92 1.91 1.90 4849 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.97 49


37

Table 4 Multipliers for loss of earnings to pension age 50 (females)


0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0%

16 33.79 31.09 28.68 26.54 24.61 22.89 21.34 19.95 18.69 17.56 16.53 1617 32.80 30.25 27.97 25.93 24.10 22.45 20.97 19.64 18.43 17.33 16.33 1718 31.80 29.40 27.25 25.32 23.58 22.01 20.59 19.31 18.15 17.09 16.13 1819 30.81 28.55 26.52 24.69 23.04 21.55 20.20 18.97 17.86 16.84 15.91 19

20 29.81 27.70 25.79 24.06 22.50 21.08 19.79 18.62 17.55 16.58 15.69 2021 28.82 26.84 25.04 23.42 21.94 20.60 19.38 18.26 17.24 16.30 15.45 2122 27.82 25.97 24.29 22.77 21.37 20.11 18.95 17.88 16.91 16.02 15.20 2223 26.83 25.11 23.54 22.10 20.80 19.60 18.50 17.50 16.57 15.72 14.94 2324 25.83 24.23 22.77 21.43 20.21 19.08 18.05 17.10 16.22 15.41 14.66 24

25 24.84 23.36 22.00 20.75 19.60 18.55 17.58 16.68 15.85 15.08 14.37 2526 23.84 22.48 21.22 20.06 18.99 18.00 17.09 16.25 15.47 14.74 14.07 2627 22.85 21.59 20.43 19.36 18.37 17.45 16.60 15.81 15.07 14.39 13.75 2728 21.85 20.70 19.63 18.65 17.73 16.88 16.08 15.35 14.66 14.02 13.42 2829 20.86 19.81 18.83 17.92 17.08 16.29 15.55 14.87 14.23 13.63 13.07 29

30 19.87 18.91 18.02 17.19 16.41 15.69 15.01 14.38 13.78 13.23 12.70 3031 18.87 18.01 17.20 16.44 15.74 15.07 14.45 13.87 13.32 12.80 12.32 3132 17.88 17.10 16.37 15.69 15.05 14.44 13.88 13.34 12.84 12.36 11.91 3233 16.89 16.19 15.54 14.92 14.34 13.80 13.28 12.80 12.34 11.90 11.49 3334 15.89 15.28 14.70 14.15 13.63 13.14 12.67 12.23 11.82 11.42 11.04 34

35 14.90 14.36 13.85 13.36 12.90 12.46 12.04 11.65 11.27 10.92 10.58 3536 13.91 13.44 12.99 12.56 12.15 11.76 11.40 11.04 10.71 10.39 10.09 3637 12.92 12.51 12.12 11.75 11.39 11.05 10.73 10.42 10.12 9.84 9.57 3738 11.92 11.57 11.24 10.92 10.62 10.32 10.04 9.77 9.52 9.27 9.03 3839 10.93 10.64 10.36 10.08 9.82 9.58 9.34 9.10 8.88 8.67 8.46 39

40 9.94 9.70 9.46 9.24 9.02 8.81 8.61 8.41 8.23 8.04 7.87 4041 8.95 8.75 8.56 8.37 8.20 8.02 7.86 7.70 7.54 7.39 7.24 4142 7.95 7.80 7.65 7.50 7.36 7.22 7.09 6.96 6.83 6.71 6.59 4243 6.96 6.84 6.73 6.61 6.50 6.39 6.29 6.19 6.09 5.99 5.90 4344 5.97 5.88 5.80 5.71 5.63 5.55 5.47 5.40 5.32 5.25 5.18 44

45 4.98 4.92 4.86 4.80 4.74 4.68 4.63 4.57 4.52 4.47 4.42 4546 3.98 3.95 3.91 3.87 3.83 3.79 3.76 3.72 3.69 3.65 3.62 4647 2.99 2.97 2.95 2.93 2.90 2.88 2.86 2.84 2.82 2.80 2.78 4748 2.00 1.99 1.98 1.97 1.96 1.95 1.94 1.93 1.92 1.91 1.90 4849 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.97 49


38



0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0%

16 38.37 34.90 31.85 29.17 26.81 24.72 22.87 21.22 19.75 18.44 17.27 1617 37.37 34.07 31.16 28.60 26.34 24.33 22.54 20.95 19.53 18.25 17.11 1718 36.38 33.24 30.48 28.03 25.86 23.93 22.21 20.67 19.29 18.06 16.94 1819 35.39 32.42 29.79 27.45 25.37 23.52 21.87 20.38 19.05 17.85 16.77 19

20 34.41 31.59 29.09 26.87 24.88 23.11 21.52 20.09 18.80 17.64 16.59 2021 33.42 30.76 28.39 26.27 24.38 22.68 21.16 19.79 18.54 17.42 16.41 2122 32.43 29.92 27.68 25.67 23.87 22.25 20.79 19.47 18.28 17.19 16.21 2223 31.45 29.08 26.97 25.06 23.35 21.80 20.41 19.14 18.00 16.95 16.00 2324 30.46 28.24 26.24 24.44 22.82 21.35 20.02 18.81 17.71 16.70 15.79 24

25 29.47 27.39 25.51 23.81 22.27 20.88 19.61 18.46 17.40 16.44 15.56 2526 28.49 26.54 24.77 23.17 21.72 20.40 19.19 18.09 17.09 16.17 15.32 2627 27.50 25.68 24.03 22.53 21.16 19.91 18.76 17.72 16.76 15.88 15.07 2728 26.52 24.82 23.28 21.87 20.58 19.40 18.32 17.33 16.42 15.58 14.81 2829 25.53 23.96 22.52 21.20 20.00 18.89 17.87 16.93 16.07 15.27 14.54 29

30 24.55 23.09 21.76 20.53 19.40 18.36 17.40 16.52 15.70 14.95 14.25 3031 23.57 22.22 20.98 19.84 18.79 17.82 16.92 16.09 15.32 14.61 13.95 3132 22.59 21.35 20.21 19.15 18.17 17.27 16.43 15.65 14.93 14.26 13.63 3233 21.60 20.47 19.42 18.45 17.54 16.70 15.92 15.20 14.52 13.89 13.30 3334 20.62 19.59 18.63 17.73 16.90 16.12 15.40 14.72 14.09 13.50 12.95 34

35 19.64 18.70 17.82 17.01 16.24 15.53 14.86 14.24 13.65 13.10 12.59 3536 18.66 17.81 17.01 16.27 15.57 14.92 14.31 13.73 13.19 12.68 12.21 3637 17.68 16.91 16.20 15.52 14.89 14.30 13.74 13.21 12.71 12.25 11.80 3738 16.70 16.02 15.37 14.77 14.20 13.66 13.15 12.67 12.22 11.79 11.38 3839 15.72 15.11 14.54 14.00 13.49 13.00 12.55 12.11 11.70 11.31 10.94 39

40 14.74 14.20 13.70 13.22 12.76 12.33 11.92 11.53 11.16 10.81 10.48 4041 13.76 13.29 12.85 12.43 12.03 11.64 11.28 10.94 10.61 10.29 9.99 4142 12.78 12.37 11.99 11.62 11.27 10.94 10.62 10.32 10.03 9.75 9.48 4243 11.80 11.45 11.12 10.81 10.51 10.22 9.94 9.68 9.42 9.18 8.95 4344 10.82 10.53 10.25 9.98 9.73 9.48 9.24 9.02 8.80 8.59 8.39 44

45 9.84 9.60 9.37 9.15 8.93 8.73 8.53 8.33 8.15 7.97 7.80 4546 8.86 8.67 8.48 8.30 8.12 7.95 7.79 7.63 7.47 7.32 7.18 4647 7.88 7.73 7.58 7.43 7.29 7.16 7.03 6.90 6.77 6.65 6.53 4748 6.91 6.79 6.67 6.56 6.45 6.34 6.24 6.14 6.04 5.95 5.85 4849 5.93 5.84 5.75 5.67 5.59 5.51 5.43 5.36 5.28 5.21 5.14 49

50 4.95 4.89 4.83 4.77 4.71 4.65 4.60 4.55 4.49 4.44 4.39 5051 3.96 3.93 3.89 3.85 3.81 3.78 3.74 3.70 3.67 3.64 3.60 5152 2.98 2.96 2.94 2.91 2.89 2.87 2.85 2.83 2.81 2.79 2.77 5253 1.99 1.98 1.97 1.96 1.95 1.94 1.93 1.92 1.91 1.91 1.90 5354 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.97 54


39



0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0%

16 38.67 35.16 32.08 29.37 26.98 24.87 23.00 21.34 19.86 18.54 17.35 1617 37.68 34.33 31.40 28.81 26.52 24.49 22.68 21.08 19.64 18.35 17.20 1718 36.68 33.51 30.71 28.23 26.04 24.09 22.35 20.80 19.41 18.16 17.04 1819 35.69 32.68 30.02 27.66 25.56 23.68 22.01 20.51 19.17 17.96 16.87 19

20 34.69 31.84 29.32 27.07 25.06 23.27 21.66 20.22 18.92 17.75 16.69 2021 33.70 31.01 28.61 26.47 24.56 22.84 21.30 19.91 18.66 17.53 16.50 2122 32.70 30.16 27.90 25.86 24.04 22.40 20.93 19.60 18.39 17.30 16.30 2223 31.71 29.32 27.17 25.25 23.52 21.96 20.54 19.27 18.11 17.06 16.10 2324 30.71 28.47 26.44 24.62 22.98 21.50 20.15 18.93 17.82 16.80 15.88 24

25 29.72 27.61 25.71 23.99 22.44 21.02 19.74 18.58 17.51 16.54 15.65 2526 28.72 26.75 24.97 23.35 21.88 20.54 19.32 18.21 17.20 16.27 15.41 2627 27.73 25.89 24.22 22.70 21.31 20.05 18.89 17.84 16.87 15.98 15.16 2728 26.73 25.02 23.46 22.03 20.73 19.54 18.45 17.45 16.53 15.68 14.90 2829 25.74 24.15 22.69 21.36 20.14 19.02 17.99 17.05 16.17 15.37 14.62 29

30 24.75 23.27 21.92 20.68 19.54 18.49 17.52 16.63 15.81 15.04 14.34 3031 23.75 22.39 21.14 19.99 18.93 17.95 17.04 16.20 15.42 14.70 14.03 3132 22.76 21.51 20.35 19.29 18.30 17.39 16.54 15.76 15.03 14.35 13.71 3233 21.77 20.62 19.56 18.58 17.66 16.82 16.03 15.30 14.61 13.98 13.38 3334 20.78 19.73 18.76 17.86 17.02 16.23 15.50 14.82 14.18 13.59 13.03 34

35 19.79 18.84 17.95 17.12 16.35 15.63 14.96 14.33 13.74 13.18 12.66 3536 18.79 17.94 17.13 16.38 15.68 15.02 14.40 13.82 13.27 12.76 12.28 3637 17.80 17.03 16.31 15.63 14.99 14.39 13.82 13.29 12.79 12.32 11.87 3738 16.81 16.12 15.47 14.86 14.29 13.74 13.23 12.75 12.29 11.86 11.45 3839 15.82 15.21 14.63 14.09 13.57 13.08 12.62 12.18 11.77 11.38 11.00 39

40 14.83 14.30 13.78 13.30 12.84 12.41 11.99 11.60 11.23 10.87 10.54 4041 13.85 13.38 12.93 12.50 12.10 11.71 11.35 11.00 10.67 10.35 10.05 4142 12.86 12.45 12.06 11.69 11.34 11.01 10.68 10.38 10.08 9.80 9.53 4243 11.87 11.52 11.19 10.87 10.57 10.28 10.00 9.73 9.48 9.23 9.00 4344 10.88 10.59 10.31 10.04 9.78 9.54 9.30 9.07 8.85 8.64 8.43 44

45 9.90 9.66 9.42 9.20 8.98 8.77 8.57 8.38 8.19 8.01 7.84 4546 8.91 8.72 8.53 8.34 8.17 7.99 7.83 7.67 7.51 7.36 7.22 4647 7.93 7.77 7.62 7.47 7.33 7.19 7.06 6.93 6.81 6.68 6.57 4748 6.94 6.82 6.70 6.59 6.48 6.37 6.27 6.17 6.07 5.98 5.88 4849 5.95 5.87 5.78 5.70 5.61 5.53 5.46 5.38 5.31 5.23 5.16 49

50 4.97 4.90 4.84 4.79 4.73 4.67 4.62 4.56 4.51 4.46 4.41 5051 3.98 3.94 3.90 3.86 3.82 3.79 3.75 3.72 3.68 3.65 3.61 5152 2.99 2.96 2.94 2.92 2.90 2.88 2.86 2.84 2.82 2.80 2.78 5253 1.99 1.98 1.97 1.96 1.95 1.95 1.94 1.93 1.92 1.91 1.90 5354 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.97 54


40



0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0%

16 43.07 38.71 34.96 31.70 28.87 26.41 24.25 22.35 20.68 19.20 17.89 1617 42.07 37.90 34.30 31.17 28.44 26.05 23.96 22.12 20.49 19.04 17.76 1718 41.07 37.10 33.64 30.63 28.00 25.70 23.67 21.88 20.29 18.88 17.63 1819 40.08 36.29 32.98 30.10 27.56 25.34 23.37 21.63 20.09 18.72 17.49 19

20 39.10 35.48 32.32 29.55 27.12 24.97 23.07 21.38 19.88 18.55 17.35 2021 38.11 34.67 31.65 29.00 26.66 24.59 22.76 21.12 19.67 18.37 17.20 2122 37.12 33.85 30.98 28.44 26.19 24.20 22.43 20.85 19.44 18.18 17.04 2223 36.14 33.03 30.29 27.87 25.72 23.81 22.10 20.58 19.21 17.98 16.88 2324 35.15 32.21 29.60 27.29 25.23 23.40 21.76 20.29 18.97 17.78 16.71 24

25 34.16 31.38 28.91 26.70 24.74 22.98 21.41 19.99 18.72 17.56 16.52 2526 33.18 30.55 28.20 26.11 24.23 22.55 21.04 19.68 18.45 17.34 16.33 2627 32.19 29.71 27.49 25.50 23.72 22.12 20.67 19.36 18.18 17.11 16.13 2728 31.21 28.87 26.78 24.89 23.20 21.67 20.29 19.04 17.90 16.87 15.93 2829 30.23 28.03 26.05 24.27 22.67 21.21 19.89 18.70 17.61 16.61 15.71 29

30 29.24 27.18 25.33 23.65 22.12 20.74 19.49 18.35 17.30 16.35 15.48 3031 28.26 26.33 24.59 23.01 21.57 20.26 19.07 17.98 16.99 16.08 15.24 3132 27.28 25.48 23.85 22.36 21.01 19.77 18.64 17.61 16.66 15.79 14.99 3233 26.30 24.63 23.10 21.71 20.43 19.27 18.20 17.22 16.32 15.49 14.72 3334 25.32 23.77 22.34 21.04 19.85 18.76 17.75 16.82 15.97 15.18 14.45 34

35 24.34 22.90 21.58 20.37 19.26 18.23 17.28 16.41 15.60 14.85 14.16 3536 23.36 22.03 20.81 19.69 18.65 17.69 16.80 15.98 15.22 14.51 13.86 3637 22.39 21.16 20.04 18.99 18.03 17.14 16.31 15.54 14.82 14.16 13.54 3738 21.41 20.29 19.25 18.29 17.40 16.57 15.80 15.08 14.41 13.79 13.21 3839 20.43 19.41 18.46 17.58 16.76 15.99 15.28 14.61 13.99 13.40 12.86 39

40 19.45 18.53 17.66 16.85 16.10 15.40 14.74 14.12 13.54 13.00 12.49 4041 18.48 17.64 16.86 16.12 15.43 14.79 14.18 13.62 13.08 12.58 12.11 4142 17.50 16.75 16.04 15.38 14.75 14.17 13.62 13.10 12.61 12.14 11.71 4243 16.53 15.86 15.22 14.63 14.06 13.53 13.03 12.56 12.11 11.69 11.29 4344 15.56 14.96 14.40 13.86 13.36 12.88 12.43 12.00 11.60 11.21 10.85 44

45 14.59 14.06 13.56 13.09 12.64 12.22 11.81 11.43 11.06 10.72 10.39 4546 13.62 13.16 12.72 12.31 11.91 11.54 11.18 10.84 10.51 10.20 9.90 4647 12.65 12.26 11.88 11.52 11.17 10.84 10.53 10.23 9.94 9.66 9.40 4748 11.69 11.35 11.02 10.71 10.42 10.13 9.86 9.60 9.34 9.10 8.87 4849 10.72 10.44 10.16 9.90 9.65 9.40 9.17 8.95 8.73 8.52 8.32 49

50 9.76 9.52 9.30 9.08 8.86 8.66 8.46 8.27 8.09 7.91 7.74 5051 8.80 8.61 8.42 8.24 8.07 7.90 7.73 7.58 7.42 7.28 7.13 5152 7.83 7.68 7.53 7.39 7.25 7.11 6.98 6.86 6.73 6.61 6.50 5253 6.87 6.75 6.63 6.52 6.41 6.31 6.21 6.11 6.01 5.92 5.82 5354 5.90 5.81 5.72 5.64 5.56 5.48 5.41 5.33 5.26 5.19 5.12 54

55 4.92 4.86 4.80 4.75 4.69 4.63 4.58 4.53 4.47 4.42 4.37 5556 3.95 3.91 3.87 3.83 3.80 3.76 3.72 3.69 3.65 3.62 3.59 5657 2.97 2.95 2.92 2.90 2.88 2.86 2.84 2.82 2.80 2.78 2.76 5758 1.98 1.97 1.96 1.96 1.95 1.94 1.93 1.92 1.91 1.90 1.89 5859 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.97 59


41



0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0%

16 43.49 39.07 35.26 31.97 29.10 26.60 24.42 22.50 20.81 19.32 17.99 1617 42.49 38.27 34.62 31.44 28.68 26.26 24.14 22.27 20.63 19.16 17.87 1718 41.50 37.46 33.96 30.91 28.24 25.91 23.85 22.04 20.43 19.01 17.74 1819 40.50 36.65 33.30 30.37 27.80 25.55 23.56 21.80 20.23 18.84 17.60 19

20 39.51 35.84 32.63 29.82 27.35 25.18 23.25 21.55 20.03 18.67 17.46 2021 38.51 35.02 31.96 29.27 26.89 24.80 22.94 21.29 19.81 18.49 17.31 2122 37.51 34.20 31.28 28.70 26.43 24.41 22.62 21.02 19.59 18.31 17.16 2223 36.52 33.37 30.59 28.13 25.95 24.01 22.28 20.74 19.35 18.11 16.99 2324 35.52 32.54 29.89 27.55 25.46 23.60 21.94 20.45 19.11 17.91 16.82 24

25 34.53 31.70 29.19 26.96 24.96 23.18 21.59 20.15 18.86 17.69 16.64 2526 33.53 30.86 28.48 26.36 24.46 22.75 21.22 19.84 18.60 17.47 16.45 2627 32.54 30.02 27.77 25.75 23.94 22.31 20.85 19.52 18.33 17.24 16.25 2728 31.54 29.17 27.04 25.13 23.42 21.86 20.46 19.19 18.04 17.00 16.04 2829 30.55 28.32 26.32 24.51 22.88 21.40 20.07 18.85 17.75 16.74 15.83 29

30 29.56 27.47 25.58 23.87 22.33 20.93 19.66 18.50 17.44 16.48 15.60 3031 28.56 26.61 24.84 23.23 21.77 20.45 19.24 18.14 17.13 16.20 15.36 3132 27.57 25.74 24.09 22.58 21.21 19.95 18.81 17.76 16.80 15.92 15.10 3233 26.58 24.88 23.33 21.92 20.63 19.45 18.36 17.37 16.46 15.61 14.84 3334 25.59 24.01 22.57 21.25 20.04 18.93 17.91 16.97 16.10 15.30 14.56 34

35 24.60 23.14 21.80 20.57 19.44 18.39 17.44 16.55 15.73 14.97 14.27 3536 23.61 22.26 21.02 19.88 18.82 17.85 16.95 16.12 15.35 14.63 13.97 3637 22.62 21.38 20.23 19.18 18.20 17.29 16.45 15.67 14.95 14.28 13.65 3738 21.63 20.49 19.44 18.47 17.56 16.72 15.94 15.21 14.53 13.90 13.31 3839 20.64 19.60 18.64 17.75 16.91 16.14 15.41 14.74 14.11 13.51 12.96 39

40 19.65 18.71 17.83 17.02 16.25 15.54 14.87 14.24 13.66 13.11 12.59 4041 18.67 17.81 17.02 16.27 15.58 14.92 14.31 13.74 13.20 12.69 12.21 4142 17.68 16.92 16.20 15.52 14.89 14.30 13.74 13.21 12.71 12.25 11.80 4243 16.70 16.01 15.37 14.77 14.19 13.66 13.15 12.67 12.22 11.79 11.38 4344 15.71 15.11 14.54 14.00 13.48 13.00 12.54 12.11 11.70 11.31 10.94 44

45 14.73 14.20 13.69 13.22 12.76 12.33 11.92 11.53 11.16 10.81 10.48 4546 13.76 13.29 12.85 12.43 12.02 11.64 11.28 10.93 10.60 10.29 9.99 4647 12.78 12.37 11.99 11.62 11.27 10.94 10.62 10.32 10.03 9.75 9.48 4748 11.80 11.46 11.13 10.81 10.51 10.22 9.94 9.68 9.43 9.18 8.95 4849 10.82 10.53 10.25 9.99 9.73 9.48 9.25 9.02 8.80 8.59 8.39 49

50 9.85 9.61 9.37 9.15 8.94 8.73 8.53 8.34 8.15 7.97 7.80 5051 8.87 8.67 8.49 8.30 8.13 7.96 7.79 7.63 7.48 7.33 7.19 5152 7.89 7.74 7.59 7.44 7.30 7.16 7.03 6.90 6.78 6.66 6.54 5253 6.91 6.79 6.68 6.56 6.46 6.35 6.25 6.15 6.05 5.95 5.86 5354 5.93 5.84 5.76 5.67 5.59 5.51 5.44 5.36 5.29 5.22 5.14 54

55 4.95 4.89 4.83 4.77 4.71 4.66 4.60 4.55 4.50 4.44 4.39 5556 3.96 3.93 3.89 3.85 3.81 3.78 3.74 3.70 3.67 3.64 3.60 5657 2.98 2.96 2.93 2.91 2.89 2.87 2.85 2.83 2.81 2.79 2.77 5758 1.99 1.98 1.97 1.96 1.95 1.94 1.93 1.92 1.91 1.90 1.90 5859 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.97 59


42



0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0%

16 47.63 42.33 37.83 33.99 30.69 27.86 25.40 23.27 21.42 19.79 18.36 1617 46.62 41.54 37.20 33.49 30.29 27.54 25.15 23.07 21.25 19.66 18.26 1718 45.63 40.75 36.57 32.98 29.89 27.22 24.89 22.86 21.09 19.53 18.15 1819 44.64 39.96 35.94 32.48 29.49 26.89 24.63 22.66 20.92 19.39 18.04 19

20 43.65 39.16 35.31 31.97 29.08 26.56 24.37 22.44 20.74 19.25 17.92 2021 42.66 38.37 34.66 31.45 28.66 26.23 24.09 22.22 20.56 19.10 17.80 2122 41.67 37.57 34.02 30.93 28.24 25.88 23.81 21.99 20.37 18.95 17.67 2223 40.69 36.77 33.36 30.40 27.80 25.52 23.52 21.75 20.18 18.78 17.54 2324 39.70 35.96 32.70 29.86 27.36 25.16 23.22 21.50 19.97 18.62 17.40 24

25 38.71 35.15 32.04 29.31 26.90 24.78 22.91 21.24 19.76 18.44 17.25 2526 37.72 34.33 31.36 28.75 26.44 24.40 22.59 20.98 19.54 18.25 17.10 2627 36.73 33.51 30.68 28.18 25.97 24.01 22.26 20.71 19.31 18.06 16.94 2728 35.75 32.69 30.00 27.61 25.49 23.61 21.93 20.42 19.08 17.86 16.77 2829 34.76 31.87 29.31 27.03 25.01 23.20 21.58 20.13 18.83 17.66 16.60 29

30 33.78 31.04 28.61 26.45 24.51 22.78 21.23 19.83 18.57 17.44 16.41 3031 32.80 30.21 27.91 25.85 24.01 22.35 20.86 19.52 18.31 17.21 16.22 3132 31.82 29.38 27.20 25.25 23.49 21.91 20.49 19.20 18.04 16.98 16.02 3233 30.84 28.54 26.49 24.63 22.97 21.46 20.10 18.87 17.75 16.73 15.80 3334 29.86 27.70 25.76 24.01 22.43 21.00 19.71 18.53 17.45 16.48 15.58 34

35 28.88 26.86 25.04 23.39 21.89 20.53 19.30 18.17 17.15 16.21 15.35 3536 27.90 26.01 24.30 22.75 21.34 20.05 18.88 17.81 16.83 15.93 15.11 3637 26.93 25.16 23.56 22.10 20.77 19.56 18.45 17.43 16.50 15.64 14.85 3738 25.95 24.31 22.81 21.45 20.20 19.05 18.00 17.04 16.16 15.34 14.59 3839 24.98 23.45 22.06 20.78 19.61 18.54 17.55 16.64 15.80 15.02 14.31 39

40 24.00 22.59 21.30 20.11 19.02 18.01 17.08 16.22 15.43 14.70 14.01 4041 23.03 21.73 20.53 19.43 18.41 17.47 16.60 15.79 15.05 14.35 13.71 4142 22.06 20.86 19.76 18.74 17.79 16.92 16.10 15.35 14.65 14.00 13.39 4243 21.09 19.99 18.98 18.04 17.16 16.35 15.60 14.89 14.24 13.62 13.05 4344 20.12 19.12 18.19 17.33 16.52 15.77 15.07 14.42 13.81 13.24 12.70 44

45 19.16 18.25 17.40 16.61 15.88 15.19 14.54 13.94 13.37 12.84 12.34 4546 18.20 17.38 16.61 15.89 15.22 14.58 13.99 13.44 12.91 12.42 11.96 4647 17.24 16.50 15.81 15.16 14.55 13.97 13.43 12.92 12.44 11.99 11.56 4748 16.29 15.63 15.00 14.42 13.87 13.35 12.86 12.39 11.95 11.54 11.15 4849 15.33 14.75 14.20 13.67 13.18 12.71 12.27 11.85 11.45 11.07 10.71 49

50 14.39 13.87 13.38 12.92 12.48 12.06 11.66 11.29 10.93 10.59 10.26 5051 13.44 12.99 12.56 12.15 11.76 11.40 11.04 10.71 10.39 10.08 9.79 5152 12.49 12.10 11.73 11.38 11.04 10.71 10.41 10.11 9.83 9.56 9.30 5253 11.55 11.21 10.89 10.59 10.30 10.02 9.75 9.49 9.24 9.01 8.78 5354 10.60 10.32 10.05 9.79 9.54 9.30 9.07 8.85 8.63 8.43 8.23 54

55 9.65 9.41 9.19 8.97 8.76 8.56 8.37 8.18 8.00 7.83 7.66 5556 8.69 8.50 8.32 8.14 7.97 7.81 7.65 7.49 7.34 7.20 7.06 5657 7.74 7.59 7.44 7.30 7.16 7.03 6.90 6.78 6.66 6.54 6.42 5758 6.78 6.67 6.56 6.45 6.34 6.24 6.14 6.04 5.94 5.85 5.76 5859 5.83 5.74 5.66 5.58 5.50 5.42 5.35 5.27 5.20 5.13 5.06 59

60 4.87 4.81 4.75 4.70 4.64 4.59 4.53 4.48 4.43 4.38 4.33 6061 3.91 3.87 3.84 3.80 3.76 3.73 3.69 3.66 3.62 3.59 3.56 6162 2.95 2.93 2.90 2.88 2.86 2.84 2.82 2.80 2.78 2.76 2.74 6263 1.98 1.97 1.96 1.95 1.94 1.93 1.92 1.91 1.90 1.89 1.88 6364 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.97 64


43



0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0%

16 48.22 42.83 38.24 34.34 30.99 28.11 25.62 23.46 21.58 19.93 18.48 1617 47.22 42.04 37.62 33.84 30.60 27.80 25.37 23.26 21.42 19.80 18.38 1718 46.22 41.25 37.00 33.35 30.20 27.48 25.12 23.06 21.26 19.68 18.28 1819 45.23 40.46 36.37 32.84 29.80 27.16 24.86 22.86 21.09 19.54 18.17 19

20 44.23 39.66 35.73 32.33 29.39 26.83 24.60 22.64 20.92 19.40 18.06 2021 43.23 38.86 35.08 31.81 28.97 26.49 24.32 22.42 20.74 19.26 17.94 2122 42.23 38.05 34.43 31.29 28.54 26.15 24.04 22.19 20.55 19.10 17.81 2223 41.24 37.24 33.77 30.75 28.11 25.79 23.75 21.95 20.36 18.94 17.68 2324 40.24 36.43 33.11 30.21 27.66 25.43 23.45 21.71 20.16 18.78 17.54 24

25 39.24 35.61 32.44 29.66 27.21 25.05 23.14 21.45 19.95 18.60 17.40 2526 38.25 34.79 31.76 29.10 26.75 24.67 22.83 21.19 19.73 18.42 17.25 2627 37.25 33.97 31.08 28.53 26.28 24.28 22.50 20.92 19.50 18.23 17.09 2728 36.25 33.14 30.39 27.95 25.80 23.88 22.16 20.63 19.26 18.03 16.92 2829 35.26 32.31 29.69 27.37 25.31 23.46 21.82 20.34 19.02 17.82 16.75 29

30 34.26 31.47 28.99 26.78 24.81 23.04 21.46 20.04 18.76 17.61 16.56 3031 33.27 30.63 28.28 26.18 24.30 22.61 21.10 19.73 18.50 17.38 16.37 3132 32.28 29.79 27.56 25.57 23.78 22.17 20.72 19.41 18.22 17.15 16.17 3233 31.28 28.94 26.84 24.95 23.25 21.72 20.33 19.08 17.94 16.90 15.96 3334 30.29 28.09 26.11 24.33 22.71 21.26 19.93 18.73 17.64 16.65 15.74 34

35 29.30 27.24 25.38 23.69 22.17 20.78 19.52 18.38 17.33 16.38 15.51 3536 28.31 26.38 24.63 23.05 21.61 20.30 19.10 18.01 17.01 16.10 15.26 3637 27.32 25.52 23.88 22.39 21.04 19.80 18.67 17.63 16.68 15.81 15.01 3738 26.33 24.66 23.13 21.73 20.46 19.29 18.22 17.24 16.34 15.51 14.74 3839 25.34 23.79 22.36 21.06 19.87 18.77 17.76 16.84 15.98 15.19 14.46 39

40 24.36 22.92 21.60 20.38 19.27 18.24 17.29 16.42 15.61 14.86 14.17 4041 23.37 22.04 20.82 19.69 18.66 17.70 16.81 15.99 15.23 14.52 13.86 4142 22.39 21.17 20.04 19.00 18.03 17.14 16.31 15.54 14.83 14.16 13.54 4243 21.41 20.29 19.25 18.29 17.40 16.57 15.80 15.08 14.41 13.79 13.21 4344 20.43 19.41 18.46 17.58 16.76 15.99 15.28 14.61 13.99 13.40 12.86 44

45 19.45 18.53 17.66 16.85 16.10 15.40 14.74 14.12 13.54 13.00 12.49 4546 18.48 17.64 16.86 16.12 15.43 14.79 14.19 13.62 13.08 12.58 12.11 4647 17.51 16.75 16.05 15.38 14.76 14.17 13.62 13.10 12.61 12.15 11.71 4748 16.54 15.86 15.23 14.63 14.07 13.54 13.04 12.56 12.11 11.69 11.29 4849 15.57 14.97 14.41 13.87 13.37 12.89 12.44 12.01 11.60 11.22 10.85 49

50 14.60 14.07 13.57 13.10 12.65 12.23 11.82 11.44 11.07 10.73 10.39 5051 13.64 13.17 12.74 12.32 11.93 11.55 11.19 10.85 10.52 10.21 9.91 5152 12.67 12.27 11.89 11.53 11.18 10.85 10.54 10.24 9.95 9.67 9.41 5253 11.70 11.36 11.04 10.73 10.43 10.14 9.87 9.61 9.35 9.11 8.88 5354 10.73 10.45 10.17 9.91 9.66 9.41 9.18 8.95 8.74 8.53 8.33 54

55 9.77 9.53 9.30 9.08 8.87 8.66 8.47 8.28 8.09 7.92 7.74 5556 8.80 8.61 8.42 8.24 8.06 7.90 7.73 7.58 7.42 7.28 7.13 5657 7.83 7.68 7.53 7.38 7.25 7.11 6.98 6.85 6.73 6.61 6.49 5758 6.86 6.74 6.63 6.52 6.41 6.30 6.20 6.10 6.01 5.91 5.82 5859 5.89 5.80 5.72 5.64 5.56 5.48 5.40 5.33 5.25 5.18 5.11 59

60 4.92 4.86 4.80 4.74 4.68 4.63 4.57 4.52 4.47 4.42 4.37 6061 3.94 3.91 3.87 3.83 3.79 3.76 3.72 3.69 3.65 3.62 3.59 6162 2.97 2.94 2.92 2.90 2.88 2.86 2.84 2.82 2.80 2.78 2.76 6263 1.98 1.97 1.96 1.96 1.95 1.94 1.93 1.92 1.91 1.90 1.89 6364 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.97 64


44



0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0%

16 52.01 45.72 40.46 36.02 32.27 29.09 26.36 24.02 22.00 20.25 18.72 1617 51.00 44.94 39.85 35.55 31.91 28.80 26.14 23.84 21.86 20.14 18.63 1718 50.00 44.16 39.24 35.08 31.54 28.51 25.91 23.66 21.72 20.02 18.54 1819 49.01 43.39 38.64 34.60 31.16 28.22 25.68 23.48 21.57 19.91 18.45 19

20 48.01 42.61 38.03 34.13 30.79 27.92 25.44 23.29 21.42 19.79 18.35 2021 47.02 41.83 37.41 33.64 30.40 27.61 25.20 23.10 21.27 19.67 18.25 2122 46.03 41.05 36.79 33.14 30.01 27.30 24.95 22.90 21.11 19.54 18.15 2223 45.04 40.26 36.16 32.64 29.61 26.98 24.69 22.69 20.94 19.40 18.04 2324 44.05 39.47 35.53 32.13 29.20 26.65 24.42 22.48 20.77 19.26 17.93 24

25 43.06 38.67 34.89 31.62 28.78 26.31 24.15 22.25 20.59 19.11 17.80 2526 42.06 37.87 34.24 31.09 28.35 25.96 23.87 22.02 20.40 18.96 17.68 2627 41.07 37.06 33.59 30.56 27.92 25.61 23.58 21.79 20.20 18.80 17.54 2728 40.09 36.26 32.93 30.02 27.48 25.25 23.28 21.54 20.00 18.63 17.41 2829 39.10 35.45 32.27 29.48 27.03 24.88 22.97 21.29 19.79 18.46 17.26 29

30 38.12 34.64 31.60 28.93 26.58 24.50 22.66 21.03 19.57 18.27 17.11 3031 37.13 33.83 30.92 28.37 26.11 24.11 22.34 20.76 19.35 18.08 16.95 3132 36.15 33.01 30.24 27.80 25.64 23.72 22.01 20.48 19.11 17.89 16.78 3233 35.17 32.19 29.56 27.23 25.16 23.31 21.67 20.19 18.87 17.68 16.61 3334 34.19 31.37 28.87 26.64 24.66 22.90 21.32 19.90 18.62 17.47 16.43 34

35 33.21 30.54 28.17 26.05 24.16 22.47 20.96 19.59 18.36 17.25 16.24 3536 32.23 29.71 27.46 25.46 23.66 22.04 20.59 19.27 18.09 17.02 16.04 3637 31.25 28.88 26.75 24.85 23.14 21.60 20.21 18.95 17.81 16.77 15.83 3738 30.27 28.04 26.04 24.23 22.61 21.14 19.81 18.61 17.52 16.52 15.62 3839 29.30 27.20 25.31 23.61 22.07 20.68 19.41 18.26 17.22 16.26 15.39 39

40 28.32 26.36 24.59 22.98 21.52 20.20 19.00 17.90 16.90 15.99 15.15 4041 27.35 25.51 23.85 22.34 20.97 19.72 18.58 17.53 16.58 15.70 14.90 4142 26.38 24.67 23.11 21.70 20.40 19.22 18.14 17.15 16.24 15.41 14.64 4243 25.41 23.82 22.37 21.04 19.83 18.72 17.70 16.76 15.90 15.10 14.37 4344 24.45 22.97 21.62 20.38 19.24 18.20 17.24 16.35 15.54 14.78 14.08 44

45 23.49 22.12 20.87 19.71 18.65 17.67 16.77 15.94 15.17 14.45 13.79 4546 22.53 21.27 20.11 19.04 18.05 17.14 16.29 15.51 14.78 14.11 13.48 4647 21.58 20.42 19.35 18.36 17.44 16.59 15.80 15.07 14.39 13.75 13.16 4748 20.63 19.57 18.59 17.67 16.83 16.04 15.30 14.62 13.98 13.39 12.83 4849 19.69 18.72 17.82 16.98 16.20 15.47 14.79 14.16 13.57 13.01 12.49 49

50 18.76 17.88 17.06 16.29 15.57 14.90 14.27 13.69 13.14 12.62 12.13 5051 17.83 17.03 16.28 15.59 14.93 14.32 13.74 13.20 12.69 12.21 11.76 5152 16.90 16.18 15.51 14.87 14.28 13.72 13.19 12.70 12.23 11.79 11.37 5253 15.97 15.32 14.72 14.15 13.62 13.11 12.63 12.18 11.75 11.35 10.96 5354 15.03 14.46 13.93 13.42 12.94 12.48 12.05 11.64 11.25 10.89 10.54 54

55 14.10 13.60 13.12 12.67 12.24 11.84 11.45 11.09 10.74 10.40 10.09 5556 13.17 12.73 12.31 11.91 11.54 11.18 10.84 10.51 10.20 9.90 9.62 5657 12.23 11.85 11.49 11.15 10.82 10.50 10.20 9.91 9.64 9.38 9.12 5758 11.30 10.97 10.66 10.37 10.08 9.81 9.55 9.30 9.06 8.83 8.61 5859 10.37 10.09 9.83 9.58 9.34 9.11 8.88 8.67 8.46 8.26 8.07 59

60 9.44 9.21 9.00 8.79 8.58 8.39 8.20 8.02 7.84 7.67 7.51 6061 8.52 8.33 8.15 7.98 7.82 7.65 7.50 7.35 7.20 7.06 6.92 6162 7.60 7.45 7.31 7.17 7.03 6.91 6.78 6.66 6.54 6.42 6.31 6263 6.67 6.56 6.45 6.34 6.24 6.14 6.04 5.94 5.85 5.76 5.67 6364 5.75 5.66 5.58 5.50 5.42 5.35 5.27 5.20 5.13 5.06 4.99 64

65 4.81 4.75 4.70 4.64 4.58 4.53 4.48 4.43 4.38 4.33 4.28 6566 3.87 3.83 3.80 3.76 3.72 3.69 3.65 3.62 3.59 3.55 3.52 6667 2.92 2.90 2.88 2.86 2.84 2.82 2.80 2.78 2.76 2.74 2.72 6768 1.96 1.95 1.94 1.93 1.92 1.92 1.91 1.90 1.89 1.88 1.87 6869 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 69


45



0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0%

16 52.83 46.39 41.01 36.48 32.65 29.40 26.62 24.24 22.19 20.41 18.85 1617 51.83 45.62 40.41 36.02 32.29 29.12 26.41 24.08 22.06 20.30 18.77 1718 50.83 44.85 39.81 35.55 31.93 28.84 26.19 23.90 21.92 20.20 18.69 1819 49.83 44.07 39.21 35.08 31.56 28.55 25.96 23.72 21.78 20.09 18.60 19

20 48.83 43.29 38.59 34.60 31.19 28.26 25.73 23.54 21.64 19.97 18.51 2021 47.83 42.50 37.98 34.11 30.80 27.95 25.49 23.35 21.48 19.85 18.42 2122 46.83 41.71 37.35 33.62 30.41 27.64 25.24 23.15 21.33 19.72 18.31 2223 45.83 40.92 36.72 33.12 30.01 27.32 24.99 22.95 21.16 19.59 18.21 2324 44.83 40.12 36.09 32.61 29.60 26.99 24.72 22.74 20.99 19.45 18.10 24

25 43.83 39.32 35.44 32.09 29.19 26.66 24.45 22.52 20.81 19.31 17.98 2526 42.83 38.52 34.79 31.57 28.76 26.32 24.17 22.29 20.63 19.16 17.85 2627 41.83 37.71 34.14 31.04 28.33 25.96 23.89 22.05 20.44 19.00 17.73 2728 40.83 36.90 33.48 30.50 27.89 25.60 23.59 21.81 20.24 18.84 17.59 2829 39.83 36.08 32.81 29.95 27.44 25.23 23.29 21.56 20.03 18.67 17.45 29

30 38.83 35.26 32.14 29.39 26.98 24.86 22.97 21.30 19.82 18.49 17.30 3031 37.84 34.44 31.46 28.83 26.52 24.47 22.65 21.03 19.59 18.30 17.14 3132 36.84 33.61 30.77 28.26 26.04 24.07 22.32 20.76 19.36 18.11 16.98 3233 35.85 32.78 30.08 27.68 25.56 23.67 21.98 20.47 19.12 17.90 16.81 3334 34.85 31.95 29.38 27.10 25.07 23.25 21.63 20.18 18.87 17.69 16.63 34

35 33.86 31.12 28.68 26.50 24.56 22.83 21.27 19.87 18.61 17.47 16.44 3536 32.87 30.28 27.97 25.90 24.05 22.39 20.90 19.56 18.34 17.24 16.25 3637 31.88 29.43 27.25 25.29 23.53 21.95 20.52 19.23 18.06 17.00 16.04 3738 30.89 28.59 26.52 24.67 23.00 21.49 20.13 18.89 17.77 16.75 15.82 3839 29.90 27.74 25.80 24.04 22.46 21.03 19.73 18.55 17.47 16.49 15.60 39

40 28.91 26.89 25.06 23.41 21.91 20.55 19.32 18.19 17.16 16.22 15.36 4041 27.93 26.03 24.32 22.76 21.35 20.06 18.89 17.82 16.84 15.94 15.12 4142 26.94 25.18 23.57 22.11 20.78 19.57 18.46 17.44 16.51 15.65 14.86 4243 25.96 24.32 22.82 21.46 20.21 19.06 18.01 17.05 16.16 15.34 14.59 4344 24.99 23.46 22.07 20.79 19.62 18.54 17.55 16.64 15.80 15.03 14.31 44

45 24.01 22.60 21.31 20.12 19.02 18.01 17.09 16.23 15.43 14.70 14.02 4546 23.04 21.74 20.54 19.44 18.42 17.48 16.61 15.80 15.05 14.36 13.71 4647 22.07 20.88 19.77 18.75 17.80 16.93 16.11 15.36 14.66 14.00 13.39 4748 21.11 20.01 19.00 18.05 17.18 16.36 15.61 14.90 14.25 13.63 13.06 4849 20.15 19.15 18.22 17.35 16.54 15.79 15.09 14.44 13.82 13.25 12.72 49

50 19.19 18.28 17.43 16.64 15.90 15.21 14.56 13.95 13.39 12.85 12.35 5051 18.23 17.41 16.64 15.92 15.24 14.61 14.02 13.46 12.93 12.44 11.98 5152 17.27 16.53 15.84 15.19 14.57 14.00 13.46 12.94 12.46 12.01 11.58 5253 16.32 15.66 15.03 14.45 13.89 13.37 12.88 12.41 11.97 11.56 11.16 5354 15.36 14.77 14.22 13.69 13.20 12.73 12.29 11.87 11.47 11.09 10.73 54

55 14.40 13.89 13.40 12.93 12.49 12.07 11.68 11.30 10.94 10.60 10.27 5556 13.45 13.00 12.57 12.16 11.77 11.40 11.05 10.71 10.39 10.09 9.80 5657 12.49 12.10 11.73 11.38 11.04 10.71 10.40 10.11 9.83 9.56 9.30 5758 11.54 11.21 10.89 10.58 10.29 10.01 9.74 9.48 9.24 9.00 8.77 5859 10.59 10.31 10.04 9.78 9.53 9.29 9.06 8.84 8.63 8.42 8.23 59

60 9.64 9.41 9.18 8.97 8.76 8.56 8.36 8.18 7.99 7.82 7.65 6061 8.69 8.50 8.32 8.14 7.97 7.80 7.64 7.49 7.34 7.19 7.05 6162 7.74 7.59 7.44 7.30 7.17 7.03 6.90 6.78 6.66 6.54 6.42 6263 6.79 6.67 6.56 6.45 6.35 6.24 6.14 6.04 5.95 5.85 5.76 6364 5.84 5.75 5.67 5.59 5.51 5.43 5.35 5.28 5.21 5.14 5.07 64

65 4.88 4.82 4.76 4.70 4.65 4.59 4.54 4.49 4.43 4.38 4.33 6566 3.92 3.88 3.84 3.80 3.77 3.73 3.70 3.66 3.63 3.59 3.56 6667 2.95 2.93 2.91 2.89 2.87 2.84 2.82 2.80 2.78 2.77 2.75 6768 1.98 1.97 1.96 1.95 1.94 1.93 1.92 1.91 1.90 1.89 1.88 6869 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.97 69


46



0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0%

16 56.16 48.85 42.82 37.81 33.63 30.11 27.14 24.61 22.45 20.59 18.98 1617 55.14 48.08 42.23 37.36 33.29 29.85 26.94 24.46 22.33 20.50 18.91 1718 54.13 47.31 41.65 36.91 32.94 29.58 26.73 24.30 22.21 20.40 18.83 1819 53.13 46.54 41.06 36.46 32.59 29.32 26.53 24.14 22.08 20.30 18.75 19

20 52.13 45.78 40.47 36.01 32.24 29.04 26.31 23.97 21.95 20.20 18.67 2021 51.13 45.01 39.88 35.55 31.88 28.77 26.10 23.80 21.82 20.09 18.59 2122 50.14 44.24 39.28 35.08 31.52 28.48 25.87 23.62 21.68 19.98 18.50 2223 49.14 43.46 38.67 34.61 31.15 28.19 25.64 23.44 21.53 19.87 18.41 2324 48.14 42.68 38.06 34.12 30.77 27.89 25.40 23.25 21.38 19.75 18.31 24

25 47.14 41.89 37.44 33.63 30.38 27.58 25.15 23.05 21.22 19.62 18.21 2526 46.15 41.10 36.81 33.14 29.98 27.26 24.90 22.85 21.06 19.49 18.10 2627 45.15 40.31 36.18 32.63 29.58 26.94 24.64 22.64 20.89 19.35 17.99 2728 44.16 39.52 35.54 32.12 29.17 26.61 24.37 22.42 20.71 19.20 17.87 2829 43.17 38.73 34.91 31.61 28.75 26.27 24.10 22.20 20.53 19.06 17.75 29

30 42.18 37.93 34.26 31.09 28.33 25.92 23.82 21.97 20.34 18.90 17.62 3031 41.19 37.12 33.61 30.56 27.90 25.57 23.53 21.73 20.15 18.74 17.49 3132 40.20 36.32 32.95 30.02 27.46 25.21 23.23 21.49 19.94 18.57 17.35 3233 39.21 35.51 32.29 29.48 27.01 24.84 22.93 21.24 19.73 18.40 17.20 3334 38.23 34.70 31.62 28.92 26.55 24.46 22.61 20.97 19.52 18.22 17.05 34

35 37.24 33.89 30.95 28.37 26.09 24.08 22.29 20.71 19.29 18.03 16.89 3536 36.26 33.07 30.27 27.80 25.62 23.68 21.96 20.43 19.06 17.83 16.72 3637 35.28 32.25 29.58 27.23 25.13 23.28 21.62 20.14 18.81 17.62 16.55 3738 34.30 31.43 28.89 26.64 24.64 22.86 21.27 19.84 18.56 17.41 16.37 3839 33.32 30.61 28.20 26.06 24.15 22.44 20.91 19.54 18.30 17.18 16.17 39

40 32.34 29.78 27.50 25.46 23.64 22.01 20.54 19.22 18.03 16.95 15.97 4041 31.37 28.95 26.79 24.86 23.12 21.57 20.16 18.90 17.75 16.71 15.77 4142 30.40 28.12 26.08 24.25 22.60 21.12 19.77 18.56 17.46 16.46 15.55 4243 29.43 27.29 25.36 23.63 22.07 20.66 19.38 18.22 17.16 16.20 15.32 4344 28.46 26.45 24.64 23.01 21.53 20.19 18.97 17.86 16.85 15.93 15.09 44

45 27.50 25.62 23.92 22.38 20.98 19.71 18.55 17.50 16.53 15.65 14.84 4546 26.55 24.79 23.19 21.75 20.43 19.23 18.13 17.13 16.21 15.36 14.59 4647 25.60 23.96 22.47 21.11 19.87 18.74 17.70 16.75 15.87 15.07 14.33 4748 24.66 23.13 21.74 20.47 19.31 18.24 17.26 16.36 15.53 14.76 14.05 4849 23.72 22.31 21.01 19.82 18.73 17.73 16.81 15.96 15.17 14.45 13.77 49

50 22.79 21.48 20.28 19.18 18.16 17.22 16.35 15.55 14.81 14.12 13.48 5051 21.87 20.66 19.55 18.52 17.58 16.70 15.89 15.13 14.44 13.79 13.18 5152 20.95 19.84 18.82 17.87 16.99 16.17 15.41 14.71 14.05 13.44 12.87 5253 20.04 19.02 18.07 17.20 16.38 15.63 14.92 14.27 13.65 13.08 12.54 5354 19.12 18.19 17.32 16.52 15.77 15.07 14.42 13.81 13.24 12.70 12.20 54

55 18.20 17.35 16.57 15.83 15.14 14.50 13.90 13.33 12.81 12.31 11.84 5556 17.27 16.51 15.80 15.13 14.50 13.92 13.36 12.84 12.36 11.90 11.46 5657 16.35 15.67 15.03 14.42 13.85 13.32 12.81 12.34 11.89 11.47 11.07 5758 15.44 14.82 14.25 13.70 13.19 12.71 12.25 11.82 11.41 11.02 10.66 5859 14.52 13.98 13.47 12.98 12.52 12.09 11.68 11.29 10.92 10.56 10.23 59

60 13.62 13.14 12.69 12.26 11.85 11.46 11.09 10.74 10.41 10.09 9.79 6061 12.72 12.30 11.91 11.53 11.17 10.82 10.50 10.19 9.89 9.60 9.33 6162 11.83 11.47 11.12 10.79 10.48 10.18 9.89 9.62 9.35 9.10 8.86 6263 10.95 10.64 10.34 10.06 9.78 9.52 9.27 9.03 8.80 8.58 8.37 6364 10.06 9.80 9.55 9.31 9.08 8.85 8.64 8.43 8.23 8.04 7.86 64

65 9.18 8.96 8.75 8.55 8.35 8.16 7.98 7.81 7.64 7.48 7.32 6566 8.29 8.11 7.94 7.77 7.61 7.46 7.31 7.16 7.02 6.89 6.75 6667 7.40 7.26 7.12 6.99 6.86 6.73 6.61 6.49 6.38 6.27 6.16 6768 6.50 6.40 6.29 6.19 6.09 5.99 5.89 5.80 5.71 5.62 5.54 6869 5.61 5.52 5.45 5.37 5.29 5.22 5.15 5.08 5.01 4.94 4.88 69

70 4.70 4.64 4.59 4.53 4.48 4.43 4.38 4.33 4.28 4.23 4.18 7071 3.79 3.75 3.72 3.68 3.65 3.61 3.58 3.55 3.51 3.48 3.45 7172 2.87 2.85 2.83 2.81 2.79 2.77 2.75 2.73 2.71 2.69 2.67 7273 1.94 1.93 1.92 1.91 1.90 1.89 1.88 1.87 1.86 1.85 1.85 7374 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.96 0.96 0.96 74


47



0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0%

16 57.27 49.74 43.54 38.39 34.10 30.50 27.46 24.88 22.67 20.78 19.14 1617 56.27 48.99 42.97 37.96 33.77 30.25 27.27 24.73 22.56 20.69 19.07 1718 55.26 48.22 42.39 37.52 33.44 30.00 27.08 24.58 22.45 20.60 19.00 1819 54.26 47.46 41.81 37.08 33.10 29.74 26.88 24.43 22.33 20.51 18.93 19

20 53.25 46.69 41.22 36.63 32.75 29.47 26.67 24.27 22.20 20.41 18.85 2021 52.25 45.92 40.62 36.17 32.40 29.19 26.45 24.10 22.07 20.31 18.77 2122 51.24 45.15 40.02 35.70 32.04 28.91 26.23 23.93 21.94 20.20 18.69 2223 50.24 44.37 39.42 35.23 31.67 28.62 26.01 23.75 21.80 20.09 18.60 2324 49.23 43.58 38.81 34.75 31.29 28.33 25.77 23.57 21.65 19.98 18.51 24

25 48.23 42.79 38.19 34.26 30.91 28.02 25.53 23.38 21.50 19.86 18.41 2526 47.22 42.00 37.56 33.77 30.52 27.71 25.29 23.18 21.34 19.73 18.31 2627 46.22 41.21 36.93 33.27 30.12 27.39 25.03 22.97 21.18 19.60 18.20 2728 45.22 40.41 36.30 32.76 29.71 27.07 24.77 22.76 21.01 19.46 18.09 2829 44.22 39.61 35.65 32.25 29.30 26.73 24.50 22.55 20.83 19.31 17.97 29

30 43.21 38.80 35.01 31.72 28.87 26.39 24.22 22.32 20.64 19.16 17.85 3031 42.21 38.00 34.35 31.19 28.44 26.04 23.94 22.09 20.45 19.01 17.72 3132 41.21 37.18 33.69 30.65 28.00 25.68 23.64 21.85 20.26 18.84 17.59 3233 40.21 36.37 33.03 30.11 27.56 25.32 23.34 21.60 20.05 18.67 17.45 3334 39.22 35.55 32.36 29.56 27.10 24.94 23.03 21.34 19.84 18.50 17.30 34

35 38.22 34.73 31.68 29.00 26.64 24.56 22.71 21.07 19.62 18.31 17.14 3536 37.22 33.91 31.00 28.43 26.17 24.16 22.38 20.80 19.39 18.12 16.98 3637 36.23 33.08 30.31 27.86 25.69 23.76 22.05 20.52 19.15 17.92 16.81 3738 35.24 32.25 29.61 27.27 25.20 23.35 21.70 20.22 18.90 17.71 16.64 3839 34.24 31.42 28.91 26.68 24.70 22.93 21.35 19.92 18.64 17.49 16.45 39

40 33.26 30.58 28.21 26.09 24.19 22.50 20.98 19.61 18.38 17.27 16.26 4041 32.27 29.75 27.49 25.48 23.68 22.06 20.61 19.29 18.10 17.03 16.05 4142 31.28 28.91 26.78 24.87 23.16 21.61 20.22 18.96 17.82 16.78 15.84 4243 30.30 28.07 26.06 24.25 22.63 21.16 19.83 18.62 17.53 16.53 15.62 4344 29.33 27.23 25.34 23.63 22.09 20.69 19.42 18.27 17.22 16.27 15.39 44

45 28.35 26.38 24.61 23.00 21.54 20.22 19.01 17.91 16.91 16.00 15.16 4546 27.38 25.54 23.88 22.36 20.99 19.73 18.59 17.55 16.59 15.71 14.91 4647 26.42 24.70 23.14 21.72 20.43 19.24 18.16 17.17 16.26 15.42 14.65 4748 25.45 23.86 22.40 21.07 19.85 18.74 17.72 16.78 15.91 15.12 14.38 4849 24.50 23.01 21.66 20.42 19.28 18.23 17.27 16.38 15.56 14.80 14.10 49

50 23.54 22.17 20.91 19.75 18.69 17.71 16.80 15.97 15.19 14.48 13.81 5051 22.59 21.33 20.16 19.09 18.09 17.18 16.33 15.54 14.81 14.14 13.51 5152 21.64 20.48 19.40 18.41 17.49 16.63 15.84 15.11 14.42 13.79 13.19 5253 20.69 19.63 18.64 17.72 16.87 16.08 15.34 14.66 14.02 13.42 12.86 5354 19.74 18.77 17.87 17.02 16.24 15.51 14.83 14.19 13.59 13.04 12.51 54

55 18.79 17.91 17.09 16.32 15.60 14.93 14.30 13.71 13.16 12.64 12.15 5556 17.85 17.05 16.30 15.60 14.95 14.33 13.75 13.21 12.70 12.22 11.77 5657 16.90 16.18 15.51 14.88 14.28 13.72 13.20 12.70 12.23 11.79 11.37 5758 15.96 15.32 14.72 14.15 13.61 13.10 12.63 12.17 11.75 11.34 10.96 5859 15.02 14.45 13.92 13.41 12.93 12.47 12.04 11.63 11.25 10.88 10.53 59

60 14.09 13.59 13.11 12.66 12.23 11.83 11.44 11.08 10.73 10.40 10.08 6061 13.16 12.72 12.31 11.91 11.53 11.17 10.83 10.51 10.19 9.90 9.61 6162 12.23 11.86 11.49 11.15 10.82 10.50 10.20 9.92 9.64 9.38 9.13 6263 11.31 10.99 10.68 10.38 10.09 9.82 9.56 9.31 9.07 8.84 8.62 6364 10.39 10.11 9.85 9.60 9.35 9.12 8.90 8.68 8.48 8.28 8.08 64

65 9.46 9.23 9.02 8.80 8.60 8.41 8.22 8.03 7.86 7.69 7.53 6566 8.54 8.35 8.17 8.00 7.83 7.67 7.51 7.36 7.22 7.08 6.94 6667 7.61 7.46 7.32 7.18 7.05 6.92 6.79 6.67 6.55 6.43 6.32 6768 6.68 6.56 6.45 6.35 6.24 6.14 6.04 5.95 5.85 5.76 5.67 6869 5.74 5.66 5.58 5.50 5.42 5.34 5.27 5.20 5.13 5.06 4.99 69

70 4.81 4.75 4.69 4.63 4.58 4.52 4.47 4.42 4.37 4.32 4.27 7071 3.86 3.83 3.79 3.75 3.72 3.68 3.65 3.61 3.58 3.55 3.51 7172 2.91 2.89 2.87 2.85 2.83 2.81 2.79 2.77 2.75 2.73 2.71 7273 1.96 1.95 1.94 1.93 1.92 1.91 1.90 1.89 1.88 1.87 1.87 7374 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.96 74


48

Table 15 Multipliers for loss of pension commencing age 50 (males)


0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0%

0 37.30 26.17 18.48 13.13 9.38 6.75 4.87 3.54 2.58 1.90 1.40 01 37.37 26.36 18.71 13.36 9.60 6.94 5.04 3.68 2.70 1.99 1.47 12 37.27 26.42 18.85 13.54 9.77 7.10 5.18 3.80 2.80 2.08 1.54 23 37.16 26.49 19.00 13.71 9.95 7.26 5.33 3.93 2.91 2.17 1.62 34 37.04 26.54 19.14 13.88 10.13 7.43 5.48 4.06 3.02 2.26 1.70 4

5 36.93 26.60 19.28 14.05 10.30 7.60 5.63 4.19 3.14 2.36 1.78 56 36.81 26.66 19.42 14.23 10.49 7.77 5.79 4.33 3.26 2.46 1.87 67 36.70 26.71 19.56 14.41 10.67 7.95 5.95 4.47 3.38 2.57 1.96 78 36.58 26.77 19.70 14.59 10.86 8.13 6.12 4.62 3.51 2.68 2.05 89 36.47 26.82 19.85 14.77 11.05 8.31 6.29 4.78 3.65 2.79 2.15 9

10 36.35 26.88 19.99 14.95 11.25 8.50 6.46 4.93 3.78 2.92 2.26 1011 36.24 26.93 20.14 15.14 11.45 8.70 6.64 5.10 3.93 3.04 2.36 1112 36.12 26.99 20.28 15.33 11.65 8.90 6.83 5.27 4.08 3.17 2.48 1213 36.01 27.04 20.43 15.52 11.85 9.10 7.02 5.44 4.24 3.31 2.60 1314 35.89 27.10 20.58 15.71 12.06 9.31 7.22 5.62 4.40 3.45 2.72 14

15 35.78 27.15 20.73 15.91 12.27 9.52 7.42 5.81 4.56 3.60 2.86 1516 35.66 27.21 20.88 16.11 12.49 9.74 7.62 6.00 4.74 3.76 3.00 1617 35.55 27.27 21.03 16.31 12.71 9.96 7.84 6.20 4.92 3.92 3.14 1718 35.45 27.33 21.19 16.52 12.94 10.19 8.06 6.40 5.11 4.09 3.29 1819 35.35 27.40 21.35 16.73 13.17 10.42 8.29 6.62 5.31 4.27 3.45 19

20 35.25 27.47 21.52 16.95 13.41 10.67 8.52 6.84 5.51 4.46 3.62 2021 35.16 27.54 21.68 17.17 13.66 10.92 8.77 7.07 5.73 4.66 3.80 2122 35.07 27.61 21.85 17.39 13.90 11.17 9.02 7.31 5.95 4.86 3.99 2223 34.98 27.68 22.02 17.61 14.16 11.43 9.27 7.55 6.18 5.07 4.18 2324 34.88 27.75 22.20 17.84 14.41 11.70 9.54 7.81 6.42 5.30 4.39 24

25 34.78 27.82 22.36 18.07 14.67 11.97 9.81 8.07 6.67 5.53 4.60 2526 34.69 27.89 22.54 18.30 14.94 12.25 10.09 8.34 6.92 5.77 4.83 2627 34.60 27.96 22.71 18.54 15.21 12.53 10.37 8.62 7.19 6.02 5.06 2728 34.51 28.04 22.90 18.79 15.49 12.83 10.67 8.91 7.47 6.29 5.31 2829 34.43 28.12 23.08 19.04 15.78 13.13 10.98 9.21 7.76 6.57 5.57 29

30 34.35 28.20 23.27 19.29 16.07 13.44 11.29 9.53 8.07 6.86 5.85 3031 34.27 28.28 23.45 19.54 16.36 13.76 11.62 9.85 8.38 7.16 6.13 3132 34.19 28.36 23.64 19.80 16.66 14.08 11.95 10.18 8.71 7.47 6.44 3233 34.11 28.44 23.84 20.07 16.97 14.42 12.30 10.53 9.05 7.81 6.75 3334 34.03 28.53 24.03 20.34 17.29 14.76 12.65 10.89 9.40 8.15 7.09 34

35 33.96 28.61 24.23 20.61 17.61 15.11 13.02 11.26 9.77 8.51 7.44 3536 33.88 28.70 24.43 20.89 17.94 15.47 13.39 11.64 10.16 8.89 7.81 3637 33.81 28.79 24.63 21.17 18.27 15.84 13.78 12.04 10.56 9.28 8.19 3738 33.74 28.88 24.84 21.46 18.62 16.22 14.19 12.45 10.97 9.70 8.60 3839 33.68 28.98 25.05 21.75 18.97 16.61 14.60 12.88 11.40 10.13 9.03 39

40 33.62 29.08 25.27 22.05 19.33 17.01 15.03 13.33 11.86 10.58 9.48 4041 33.56 29.18 25.49 22.36 19.70 17.43 15.47 13.79 12.33 11.06 9.95 4142 33.51 29.29 25.72 22.68 20.08 17.85 15.93 14.27 12.82 11.56 10.45 4243 33.46 29.40 25.95 23.00 20.47 18.29 16.40 14.76 13.33 12.08 10.98 4344 33.42 29.52 26.19 23.33 20.87 18.74 16.89 15.28 13.87 12.63 11.53 44

45 33.38 29.64 26.43 23.67 21.29 19.21 17.40 15.82 14.43 13.20 12.12 4546 33.36 29.78 26.69 24.03 21.72 19.70 17.94 16.39 15.02 13.81 12.73 4647 33.35 29.92 26.96 24.40 22.16 20.21 18.49 16.98 15.64 14.45 13.39 4748 33.35 30.08 27.25 24.78 22.62 20.73 19.07 17.59 16.29 15.12 14.08 4849 33.37 30.25 27.54 25.18 23.11 21.28 19.67 18.24 16.97 15.83 14.82 49

50 33.40 30.44 27.86 25.60 23.61 21.86 20.30 18.92 17.69 16.59 15.60 50


49

Table 16 Multipliers for loss of pension commencing age 50 (females)


0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0%

0 40.61 28.35 19.93 14.10 10.03 7.18 5.17 3.75 2.73 1.99 1.47 01 40.68 28.55 20.17 14.34 10.26 7.39 5.34 3.89 2.84 2.09 1.54 12 40.59 28.64 20.34 14.54 10.45 7.56 5.50 4.02 2.96 2.18 1.62 23 40.49 28.72 20.50 14.73 10.64 7.74 5.66 4.16 3.07 2.28 1.70 34 40.39 28.80 20.66 14.92 10.84 7.92 5.82 4.30 3.19 2.38 1.78 4

5 40.29 28.87 20.83 15.12 11.04 8.10 5.98 4.44 3.31 2.48 1.87 56 40.19 28.95 20.99 15.31 11.24 8.29 6.15 4.59 3.44 2.59 1.96 67 40.09 29.03 21.16 15.51 11.44 8.49 6.33 4.74 3.57 2.71 2.06 78 39.98 29.11 21.32 15.72 11.65 8.69 6.51 4.90 3.71 2.82 2.16 89 39.88 29.18 21.49 15.92 11.86 8.89 6.70 5.07 3.86 2.95 2.26 9

10 39.78 29.26 21.66 16.13 12.08 9.10 6.89 5.24 4.01 3.08 2.37 1011 39.68 29.34 21.83 16.34 12.30 9.31 7.08 5.42 4.16 3.21 2.49 1112 39.58 29.42 22.00 16.55 12.52 9.52 7.28 5.60 4.32 3.35 2.61 1213 39.47 29.49 22.17 16.77 12.75 9.75 7.49 5.79 4.49 3.50 2.74 1314 39.37 29.57 22.35 16.98 12.98 9.97 7.70 5.98 4.66 3.65 2.87 14

15 39.27 29.65 22.52 17.20 13.22 10.21 7.92 6.18 4.84 3.81 3.01 1516 39.17 29.73 22.70 17.43 13.46 10.45 8.15 6.39 5.03 3.98 3.16 1617 39.08 29.81 22.88 17.66 13.70 10.69 8.38 6.60 5.23 4.15 3.32 1718 38.98 29.90 23.06 17.89 13.96 10.94 8.62 6.83 5.43 4.34 3.48 1819 38.89 29.98 23.25 18.13 14.21 11.20 8.87 7.06 5.64 4.53 3.65 19

20 38.79 30.06 23.43 18.37 14.47 11.46 9.12 7.29 5.86 4.73 3.83 2021 38.70 30.15 23.62 18.61 14.74 11.73 9.38 7.54 6.09 4.93 4.02 2122 38.61 30.23 23.81 18.85 15.01 12.01 9.65 7.79 6.32 5.15 4.21 2223 38.51 30.32 24.00 19.10 15.28 12.29 9.93 8.06 6.57 5.38 4.42 2324 38.42 30.40 24.19 19.35 15.56 12.58 10.21 8.33 6.82 5.61 4.64 24

25 38.33 30.48 24.38 19.60 15.85 12.87 10.50 8.61 7.09 5.86 4.86 2526 38.23 30.57 24.58 19.86 16.14 13.17 10.80 8.90 7.36 6.12 5.10 2627 38.14 30.66 24.77 20.13 16.43 13.48 11.11 9.20 7.65 6.39 5.35 2728 38.05 30.74 24.97 20.39 16.73 13.80 11.43 9.51 7.95 6.67 5.61 2829 37.97 30.83 25.17 20.66 17.04 14.12 11.76 9.83 8.26 6.96 5.89 29

30 37.88 30.92 25.38 20.93 17.36 14.46 12.10 10.17 8.58 7.27 6.18 3031 37.79 31.01 25.58 21.21 17.67 14.80 12.44 10.51 8.91 7.59 6.48 3132 37.70 31.10 25.79 21.49 18.00 15.15 12.80 10.86 9.26 7.92 6.80 3233 37.62 31.19 26.00 21.78 18.33 15.50 13.17 11.23 9.62 8.27 7.14 3334 37.53 31.29 26.21 22.07 18.67 15.87 13.55 11.61 10.00 8.64 7.49 34

35 37.45 31.38 26.43 22.37 19.02 16.25 13.94 12.01 10.39 9.02 7.86 3536 37.37 31.47 26.64 22.67 19.37 16.63 14.34 12.42 10.79 9.42 8.24 3637 37.29 31.57 26.87 22.97 19.73 17.03 14.76 12.84 11.22 9.83 8.65 3738 37.21 31.67 27.09 23.28 20.10 17.43 15.18 13.28 11.66 10.27 9.08 3839 37.14 31.77 27.32 23.60 20.48 17.85 15.63 13.73 12.11 10.72 9.53 39

40 37.07 31.88 27.55 23.92 20.87 18.28 16.08 14.20 12.59 11.20 10.00 4041 37.01 31.99 27.79 24.25 21.26 18.72 16.55 14.69 13.09 11.70 10.50 4142 36.94 32.10 28.03 24.59 21.67 19.17 17.04 15.20 13.61 12.22 11.02 4243 36.89 32.22 28.28 24.93 22.08 19.64 17.54 15.72 14.15 12.77 11.57 4344 36.83 32.34 28.53 25.29 22.51 20.12 18.06 16.27 14.71 13.35 12.15 44

45 36.79 32.47 28.80 25.65 22.95 20.62 18.60 16.84 15.30 13.95 12.76 4546 36.75 32.61 29.07 26.03 23.40 21.13 19.16 17.43 15.92 14.58 13.40 4647 36.72 32.75 29.35 26.41 23.87 21.66 19.74 18.05 16.56 15.25 14.08 4748 36.70 32.90 29.63 26.81 24.35 22.21 20.34 18.69 17.24 15.95 14.80 4849 36.69 33.06 29.93 27.22 24.85 22.78 20.96 19.36 17.94 16.68 15.56 49

50 36.69 33.23 30.24 27.64 25.36 23.37 21.61 20.06 18.68 17.46 16.36 50


50



0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0%

0 32.51 22.49 15.64 10.94 7.69 5.43 3.86 2.75 1.97 1.42 1.03 01 32.56 22.64 15.83 11.13 7.86 5.59 3.99 2.86 2.06 1.49 1.08 12 32.45 22.68 15.94 11.27 8.00 5.71 4.10 2.95 2.14 1.55 1.13 23 32.35 22.73 16.06 11.40 8.14 5.84 4.21 3.05 2.22 1.62 1.19 34 32.23 22.77 16.17 11.54 8.28 5.97 4.33 3.15 2.30 1.69 1.25 4

5 32.12 22.81 16.28 11.68 8.43 6.11 4.45 3.25 2.39 1.76 1.31 56 32.01 22.84 16.39 11.82 8.57 6.24 4.57 3.36 2.48 1.84 1.37 67 31.89 22.88 16.51 11.97 8.72 6.38 4.70 3.47 2.57 1.92 1.43 78 31.78 22.92 16.62 12.11 8.87 6.53 4.83 3.58 2.67 2.00 1.50 89 31.67 22.96 16.73 12.26 9.02 6.67 4.96 3.70 2.77 2.09 1.57 9

10 31.55 23.00 16.85 12.41 9.18 6.82 5.09 3.82 2.88 2.17 1.65 1011 31.44 23.03 16.96 12.55 9.34 6.98 5.23 3.95 2.99 2.27 1.73 1112 31.33 23.07 17.08 12.71 9.50 7.13 5.38 4.07 3.10 2.37 1.81 1213 31.21 23.11 17.19 12.86 9.66 7.29 5.53 4.21 3.22 2.47 1.90 1314 31.10 23.14 17.31 13.01 9.83 7.45 5.68 4.34 3.34 2.57 1.99 14

15 30.99 23.18 17.43 13.17 9.99 7.62 5.83 4.49 3.46 2.68 2.09 1516 30.88 23.22 17.55 13.33 10.17 7.79 6.00 4.63 3.59 2.80 2.19 1617 30.77 23.26 17.67 13.49 10.34 7.97 6.16 4.78 3.73 2.92 2.29 1718 30.66 23.30 17.80 13.65 10.52 8.15 6.33 4.94 3.87 3.04 2.40 1819 30.56 23.35 17.92 13.82 10.71 8.33 6.51 5.10 4.02 3.18 2.52 19

20 30.47 23.40 18.05 13.99 10.90 8.52 6.69 5.27 4.17 3.31 2.64 2021 30.37 23.45 18.18 14.17 11.09 8.71 6.88 5.45 4.33 3.46 2.77 2122 30.28 23.50 18.32 14.35 11.29 8.91 7.07 5.63 4.50 3.61 2.90 2223 30.19 23.55 18.45 14.53 11.49 9.12 7.27 5.82 4.67 3.76 3.04 2324 30.09 23.60 18.59 14.71 11.69 9.33 7.47 6.01 4.85 3.93 3.19 24

25 29.99 23.64 18.72 14.89 11.89 9.54 7.68 6.21 5.03 4.10 3.34 2526 29.90 23.69 18.86 15.07 12.10 9.75 7.89 6.41 5.23 4.27 3.51 2627 29.81 23.74 19.00 15.26 12.32 9.98 8.12 6.62 5.43 4.46 3.68 2728 29.72 23.80 19.14 15.46 12.54 10.21 8.34 6.85 5.63 4.65 3.86 2829 29.64 23.85 19.29 15.66 12.76 10.45 8.58 7.07 5.85 4.86 4.04 29

30 29.55 23.91 19.43 15.86 12.99 10.69 8.82 7.31 6.08 5.07 4.24 3031 29.47 23.97 19.58 16.06 13.22 10.93 9.07 7.55 6.31 5.29 4.45 3132 29.38 24.02 19.73 16.26 13.46 11.19 9.33 7.81 6.55 5.52 4.67 3233 29.30 24.08 19.88 16.47 13.71 11.45 9.59 8.07 6.81 5.76 4.89 3334 29.22 24.14 20.03 16.69 13.95 11.71 9.87 8.34 7.07 6.02 5.13 34

35 29.14 24.20 20.18 16.90 14.21 11.98 10.15 8.62 7.34 6.28 5.38 3536 29.07 24.27 20.34 17.12 14.46 12.26 10.43 8.91 7.63 6.55 5.65 3637 28.99 24.33 20.50 17.34 14.73 12.55 10.73 9.21 7.93 6.84 5.92 3738 28.92 24.40 20.66 17.57 15.00 12.84 11.04 9.52 8.23 7.14 6.22 3839 28.85 24.46 20.83 17.80 15.27 13.15 11.36 9.84 8.55 7.46 6.52 39

40 28.78 24.54 21.00 18.04 15.55 13.46 11.68 10.18 8.89 7.79 6.84 4041 28.72 24.61 21.17 18.28 15.84 13.78 12.02 10.52 9.24 8.13 7.18 4142 28.66 24.69 21.35 18.53 16.14 14.11 12.37 10.88 9.60 8.50 7.54 4243 28.60 24.77 21.53 18.78 16.44 14.45 12.73 11.26 9.98 8.87 7.91 4344 28.55 24.85 21.72 19.04 16.76 14.80 13.11 11.65 10.38 9.27 8.31 44

45 28.51 24.95 21.91 19.31 17.08 15.16 13.50 12.05 10.79 9.69 8.73 4546 28.48 25.05 22.11 19.59 17.42 15.54 13.90 12.47 11.23 10.13 9.17 4647 28.45 25.16 22.33 19.88 17.77 15.93 14.32 12.92 11.68 10.59 9.63 4748 28.44 25.28 22.55 20.18 18.13 16.33 14.76 13.38 12.16 11.08 10.13 4849 28.44 25.41 22.78 20.50 18.50 16.76 15.22 13.87 12.67 11.60 10.65 49

50 28.45 25.55 23.03 20.83 18.90 17.20 15.70 14.37 13.20 12.15 11.21 5051 28.48 25.71 23.29 21.17 19.31 17.66 16.21 14.91 13.76 12.72 11.80 5152 28.51 25.88 23.57 21.53 19.74 18.15 16.73 15.47 14.34 13.33 12.42 5253 28.56 26.06 23.85 21.90 20.18 18.65 17.28 16.06 14.96 13.98 13.08 5354 28.61 26.24 24.14 22.29 20.64 19.17 17.85 16.67 15.61 14.65 13.78 54

55 28.66 26.42 24.44 22.67 21.10 19.70 18.44 17.31 16.29 15.36 14.52 55


51



0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0%

0 35.74 24.61 17.04 11.87 8.31 5.85 4.14 2.94 2.10 1.51 1.09 01 35.79 24.77 17.25 12.07 8.50 6.01 4.28 3.06 2.19 1.58 1.15 12 35.70 24.84 17.38 12.23 8.65 6.15 4.40 3.16 2.28 1.65 1.20 23 35.60 24.90 17.51 12.39 8.81 6.30 4.52 3.26 2.37 1.72 1.26 34 35.50 24.96 17.65 12.54 8.97 6.44 4.65 3.37 2.46 1.80 1.32 4

5 35.40 25.02 17.78 12.70 9.13 6.59 4.78 3.49 2.55 1.88 1.39 56 35.30 25.08 17.91 12.87 9.29 6.74 4.92 3.60 2.65 1.96 1.45 67 35.20 25.14 18.05 13.03 9.46 6.90 5.06 3.72 2.75 2.04 1.52 78 35.10 25.19 18.19 13.20 9.63 7.06 5.20 3.85 2.86 2.13 1.60 89 35.00 25.25 18.32 13.36 9.80 7.22 5.34 3.97 2.97 2.23 1.68 9

10 34.90 25.31 18.46 13.53 9.97 7.38 5.49 4.11 3.08 2.32 1.76 1011 34.80 25.37 18.60 13.70 10.15 7.55 5.65 4.24 3.20 2.42 1.84 1112 34.69 25.43 18.74 13.88 10.33 7.73 5.81 4.38 3.32 2.53 1.93 1213 34.59 25.49 18.88 14.05 10.52 7.91 5.97 4.53 3.45 2.64 2.03 1314 34.49 25.54 19.02 14.23 10.70 8.09 6.14 4.68 3.58 2.75 2.13 14

15 34.39 25.60 19.16 14.41 10.89 8.27 6.31 4.84 3.72 2.87 2.23 1516 34.30 25.66 19.31 14.60 11.09 8.46 6.49 5.00 3.86 3.00 2.34 1617 34.20 25.73 19.45 14.78 11.29 8.66 6.67 5.16 4.01 3.13 2.45 1718 34.11 25.79 19.60 14.97 11.49 8.86 6.86 5.34 4.17 3.27 2.57 1819 34.01 25.85 19.75 15.16 11.70 9.06 7.05 5.51 4.33 3.41 2.69 19

20 33.92 25.91 19.90 15.36 11.91 9.27 7.25 5.70 4.49 3.56 2.83 2021 33.82 25.98 20.05 15.55 12.12 9.49 7.46 5.89 4.67 3.71 2.96 2122 33.73 26.04 20.21 15.75 12.34 9.71 7.67 6.08 4.85 3.87 3.11 2223 33.64 26.11 20.36 15.95 12.56 9.93 7.89 6.29 5.03 4.04 3.26 2324 33.54 26.17 20.51 16.16 12.79 10.16 8.11 6.50 5.23 4.22 3.42 24

25 33.45 26.23 20.67 16.36 13.01 10.39 8.34 6.71 5.43 4.40 3.58 2526 33.36 26.30 20.83 16.57 13.25 10.63 8.57 6.94 5.64 4.59 3.76 2627 33.27 26.36 20.99 16.79 13.49 10.88 8.81 7.17 5.85 4.79 3.94 2728 33.18 26.43 21.15 17.00 13.73 11.13 9.06 7.41 6.08 5.00 4.13 2829 33.09 26.49 21.31 17.22 13.98 11.39 9.32 7.66 6.31 5.22 4.34 29

30 33.00 26.56 21.48 17.44 14.23 11.65 9.58 7.91 6.56 5.45 4.55 3031 32.91 26.62 21.64 17.67 14.48 11.92 9.86 8.18 6.81 5.69 4.77 3132 32.82 26.69 21.81 17.90 14.75 12.20 10.14 8.45 7.07 5.94 5.00 3233 32.73 26.76 21.98 18.13 15.01 12.49 10.42 8.73 7.34 6.20 5.25 3334 32.65 26.83 22.15 18.36 15.29 12.78 10.72 9.03 7.63 6.47 5.50 34

35 32.57 26.90 22.32 18.60 15.56 13.07 11.02 9.33 7.92 6.75 5.77 3536 32.48 26.97 22.50 18.84 15.85 13.38 11.34 9.64 8.23 7.05 6.05 3637 32.40 27.05 22.68 19.09 16.14 13.69 11.66 9.97 8.55 7.36 6.35 3738 32.32 27.12 22.86 19.34 16.43 14.01 12.00 10.30 8.88 7.68 6.66 3839 32.25 27.20 23.04 19.60 16.73 14.34 12.34 10.65 9.23 8.02 6.99 39

40 32.18 27.28 23.23 19.86 17.04 14.68 12.69 11.01 9.59 8.37 7.33 4041 32.11 27.36 23.42 20.12 17.36 15.03 13.06 11.39 9.96 8.74 7.69 4142 32.04 27.45 23.61 20.39 17.68 15.39 13.44 11.78 10.35 9.13 8.07 4243 31.98 27.54 23.81 20.67 18.01 15.76 13.83 12.18 10.76 9.53 8.47 4344 31.92 27.63 24.02 20.96 18.36 16.14 14.23 12.60 11.18 9.96 8.89 44

45 31.87 27.73 24.23 21.25 18.71 16.53 14.65 13.03 11.63 10.41 9.34 4546 31.83 27.84 24.45 21.55 19.07 16.93 15.09 13.49 12.09 10.87 9.81 4647 31.79 27.95 24.67 21.86 19.44 17.35 15.54 13.96 12.58 11.37 10.30 4748 31.76 28.07 24.90 22.18 19.83 17.78 16.00 14.45 13.08 11.88 10.82 4849 31.73 28.19 25.15 22.51 20.22 18.23 16.49 14.96 13.61 12.43 11.37 49

50 31.72 28.33 25.40 22.85 20.63 18.70 16.99 15.50 14.17 13.00 11.95 5051 31.72 28.47 25.66 23.20 21.06 19.18 17.52 16.05 14.75 13.60 12.57 5152 31.72 28.62 25.92 23.57 21.50 19.67 18.06 16.63 15.36 14.23 13.21 5253 31.72 28.77 26.20 23.94 21.95 20.19 18.63 17.24 16.00 14.89 13.90 5354 31.73 28.93 26.48 24.31 22.41 20.71 19.21 17.87 16.67 15.59 14.62 54

55 31.74 29.09 26.76 24.70 22.88 21.26 19.81 18.52 17.36 16.32 15.38 55


52



0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0%

0 27.80 18.95 12.98 8.94 6.18 4.29 3.00 2.10 1.48 1.04 0.74 01 27.83 19.07 13.13 9.09 6.32 4.41 3.09 2.18 1.54 1.09 0.78 12 27.72 19.10 13.22 9.19 6.42 4.51 3.18 2.25 1.60 1.14 0.82 23 27.62 19.12 13.31 9.30 6.53 4.61 3.27 2.32 1.66 1.19 0.86 34 27.51 19.15 13.39 9.41 6.64 4.71 3.35 2.40 1.72 1.24 0.90 4

5 27.40 19.17 13.48 9.52 6.76 4.81 3.45 2.48 1.79 1.29 0.94 56 27.28 19.19 13.56 9.63 6.87 4.92 3.54 2.55 1.85 1.35 0.98 67 27.17 19.21 13.65 9.74 6.98 5.03 3.63 2.64 1.92 1.40 1.03 78 27.06 19.24 13.74 9.85 7.10 5.14 3.73 2.72 1.99 1.46 1.08 89 26.95 19.26 13.82 9.97 7.22 5.25 3.83 2.81 2.07 1.53 1.13 9

10 26.84 19.28 13.91 10.08 7.34 5.36 3.94 2.90 2.14 1.59 1.18 1011 26.73 19.30 14.00 10.20 7.46 5.48 4.04 2.99 2.22 1.66 1.24 1112 26.62 19.32 14.09 10.31 7.58 5.60 4.15 3.09 2.31 1.73 1.30 1213 26.51 19.34 14.17 10.43 7.71 5.72 4.26 3.19 2.39 1.80 1.36 1314 26.40 19.36 14.26 10.55 7.84 5.85 4.38 3.29 2.48 1.88 1.43 14

15 26.29 19.38 14.35 10.67 7.97 5.97 4.50 3.40 2.57 1.96 1.49 1516 26.18 19.40 14.44 10.79 8.10 6.10 4.62 3.50 2.67 2.04 1.56 1617 26.08 19.43 14.53 10.92 8.24 6.24 4.74 3.62 2.77 2.13 1.64 1718 25.97 19.45 14.63 11.05 8.38 6.37 4.87 3.73 2.87 2.22 1.72 1819 25.87 19.48 14.72 11.18 8.52 6.52 5.00 3.85 2.98 2.31 1.80 19

20 25.78 19.51 14.82 11.31 8.66 6.66 5.14 3.98 3.09 2.41 1.89 2021 25.68 19.54 14.92 11.44 8.81 6.81 5.28 4.11 3.21 2.51 1.98 2122 25.59 19.57 15.02 11.58 8.96 6.96 5.43 4.24 3.33 2.62 2.07 2223 25.50 19.60 15.13 11.72 9.12 7.12 5.57 4.38 3.46 2.73 2.17 2324 25.40 19.63 15.23 11.86 9.27 7.27 5.73 4.52 3.59 2.85 2.27 24

25 25.30 19.65 15.33 12.00 9.43 7.43 5.88 4.67 3.72 2.97 2.38 2526 25.21 19.68 15.43 12.14 9.59 7.60 6.04 4.82 3.86 3.10 2.50 2627 25.12 19.71 15.53 12.29 9.75 7.77 6.21 4.98 4.01 3.23 2.62 2728 25.03 19.75 15.64 12.43 9.92 7.94 6.38 5.14 4.16 3.37 2.74 2829 24.95 19.79 15.75 12.59 10.09 8.12 6.56 5.31 4.32 3.52 2.87 29

30 24.86 19.82 15.86 12.74 10.27 8.31 6.74 5.49 4.48 3.67 3.01 3031 24.77 19.85 15.97 12.89 10.45 8.49 6.92 5.66 4.65 3.82 3.16 3132 24.69 19.89 16.08 13.05 10.63 8.68 7.12 5.85 4.82 3.99 3.31 3233 24.61 19.93 16.20 13.21 10.81 8.88 7.31 6.04 5.01 4.16 3.47 3334 24.52 19.96 16.31 13.37 11.00 9.08 7.52 6.24 5.20 4.34 3.64 34

35 24.44 20.00 16.43 13.54 11.19 9.28 7.73 6.45 5.40 4.53 3.81 3536 24.36 20.04 16.54 13.70 11.39 9.49 7.94 6.66 5.60 4.72 3.99 3637 24.28 20.08 16.66 13.87 11.59 9.71 8.16 6.88 5.82 4.93 4.19 3738 24.21 20.12 16.78 14.05 11.79 9.93 8.39 7.11 6.04 5.14 4.39 3839 24.13 20.17 16.91 14.22 12.00 10.16 8.62 7.34 6.27 5.37 4.60 39

40 24.06 20.21 17.03 14.40 12.22 10.39 8.87 7.59 6.51 5.60 4.83 4041 24.00 20.26 17.16 14.59 12.44 10.63 9.12 7.84 6.76 5.84 5.06 4142 23.93 20.31 17.30 14.77 12.66 10.88 9.38 8.10 7.02 6.10 5.31 4243 23.87 20.36 17.43 14.97 12.89 11.13 9.64 8.38 7.29 6.37 5.57 4344 23.81 20.42 17.57 15.17 13.13 11.40 9.92 8.66 7.58 6.65 5.85 44

45 23.76 20.48 17.72 15.37 13.37 11.67 10.21 8.96 7.88 6.94 6.14 4546 23.72 20.55 17.87 15.58 13.63 11.95 10.51 9.26 8.19 7.25 6.44 4647 23.68 20.63 18.03 15.80 13.89 12.24 10.82 9.59 8.52 7.58 6.77 4748 23.66 20.72 18.20 16.03 14.16 12.55 11.14 9.92 8.86 7.93 7.11 4849 23.64 20.81 18.37 16.27 14.45 12.86 11.48 10.28 9.22 8.29 7.47 49

50 23.64 20.91 18.56 16.52 14.74 13.20 11.84 10.65 9.60 8.67 7.86 5051 23.64 21.03 18.76 16.78 15.06 13.54 12.21 11.04 10.00 9.08 8.26 5152 23.66 21.15 18.97 17.06 15.38 13.90 12.60 11.45 10.42 9.51 8.70 5253 23.68 21.29 19.19 17.34 15.72 14.28 13.01 11.88 10.87 9.96 9.16 5354 23.71 21.42 19.41 17.63 16.06 14.67 13.43 12.32 11.33 10.44 9.64 54

55 23.74 21.56 19.63 17.93 16.41 15.07 13.86 12.78 11.81 10.94 10.15 5556 23.77 21.70 19.86 18.23 16.78 15.48 14.31 13.26 12.32 11.46 10.69 5657 23.80 21.84 20.09 18.54 17.15 15.90 14.78 13.76 12.84 12.01 11.26 5758 23.84 21.99 20.34 18.86 17.54 16.34 15.26 14.29 13.40 12.60 11.86 5859 23.89 22.16 20.60 19.20 17.95 16.81 15.78 14.84 13.99 13.22 12.51 59

60 23.97 22.35 20.89 19.57 18.38 17.30 16.33 15.44 14.62 13.88 13.20 60


53



0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0%

0 30.93 20.99 14.32 9.82 6.77 4.69 3.26 2.28 1.60 1.13 0.80 01 30.96 21.12 14.49 9.99 6.92 4.81 3.37 2.36 1.67 1.18 0.84 12 30.86 21.17 14.59 10.11 7.04 4.92 3.46 2.44 1.73 1.23 0.88 23 30.77 21.21 14.70 10.24 7.16 5.04 3.56 2.52 1.80 1.28 0.92 34 30.67 21.25 14.81 10.36 7.29 5.15 3.66 2.60 1.86 1.34 0.97 4

5 30.57 21.30 14.91 10.49 7.42 5.27 3.76 2.69 1.94 1.40 1.01 56 30.47 21.34 15.02 10.62 7.55 5.39 3.86 2.78 2.01 1.46 1.06 67 30.37 21.38 15.13 10.75 7.68 5.51 3.97 2.87 2.08 1.52 1.11 78 30.27 21.42 15.23 10.88 7.81 5.63 4.08 2.96 2.16 1.59 1.17 89 30.17 21.46 15.34 11.02 7.95 5.76 4.19 3.06 2.25 1.65 1.22 9

10 30.07 21.50 15.45 11.15 8.09 5.89 4.31 3.16 2.33 1.73 1.28 1011 29.97 21.54 15.56 11.29 8.23 6.02 4.43 3.27 2.42 1.80 1.34 1112 29.87 21.58 15.67 11.43 8.37 6.16 4.55 3.37 2.51 1.88 1.41 1213 29.77 21.62 15.78 11.57 8.52 6.30 4.67 3.48 2.61 1.96 1.48 1314 29.67 21.66 15.89 11.71 8.66 6.44 4.80 3.60 2.71 2.04 1.55 14

15 29.57 21.70 16.00 11.85 8.82 6.58 4.94 3.72 2.81 2.13 1.62 1516 29.48 21.75 16.12 12.00 8.97 6.73 5.07 3.84 2.92 2.22 1.70 1617 29.38 21.79 16.23 12.15 9.13 6.89 5.22 3.97 3.03 2.32 1.78 1718 29.29 21.84 16.35 12.30 9.29 7.04 5.36 4.10 3.14 2.42 1.87 1819 29.20 21.88 16.47 12.45 9.45 7.20 5.51 4.23 3.26 2.52 1.96 19

20 29.10 21.92 16.59 12.60 9.61 7.36 5.66 4.37 3.38 2.63 2.05 2021 29.01 21.96 16.70 12.76 9.78 7.53 5.82 4.51 3.51 2.74 2.15 2122 28.92 22.01 16.82 12.91 9.95 7.70 5.98 4.66 3.65 2.86 2.25 2223 28.82 22.05 16.95 13.07 10.13 7.88 6.15 4.82 3.79 2.99 2.36 2324 28.73 22.10 17.07 13.24 10.31 8.05 6.32 4.97 3.93 3.11 2.48 24

25 28.64 22.14 17.19 13.40 10.49 8.24 6.49 5.14 4.08 3.25 2.60 2526 28.55 22.18 17.31 13.56 10.67 8.42 6.67 5.31 4.23 3.39 2.72 2627 28.46 22.23 17.44 13.73 10.86 8.61 6.86 5.48 4.40 3.54 2.85 2728 28.37 22.28 17.56 13.90 11.05 8.81 7.05 5.66 4.56 3.69 2.99 2829 28.28 22.32 17.69 14.07 11.24 9.01 7.25 5.85 4.74 3.85 3.13 29

30 28.19 22.37 17.82 14.25 11.44 9.21 7.45 6.04 4.92 4.01 3.29 3031 28.10 22.41 17.95 14.42 11.64 9.42 7.66 6.24 5.10 4.19 3.44 3132 28.01 22.46 18.08 14.60 11.84 9.64 7.87 6.45 5.30 4.37 3.61 3233 27.93 22.51 18.21 14.79 12.05 9.86 8.09 6.66 5.50 4.56 3.79 3334 27.84 22.55 18.34 14.97 12.26 10.08 8.32 6.88 5.71 4.75 3.97 34

35 27.76 22.60 18.48 15.16 12.48 10.31 8.55 7.11 5.93 4.96 4.16 3536 27.67 22.65 18.61 15.35 12.70 10.55 8.79 7.34 6.16 5.17 4.36 3637 27.59 22.70 18.75 15.54 12.93 10.79 9.03 7.59 6.39 5.40 4.57 3738 27.51 22.75 18.89 15.74 13.16 11.04 9.29 7.84 6.64 5.63 4.80 3839 27.43 22.81 19.03 15.94 13.39 11.29 9.55 8.10 6.89 5.88 5.03 39

40 27.36 22.87 19.18 16.14 13.63 11.55 9.82 8.37 7.16 6.14 5.27 4041 27.29 22.92 19.33 16.35 13.88 11.82 10.10 8.65 7.43 6.40 5.53 4142 27.22 22.98 19.48 16.56 14.13 12.10 10.38 8.94 7.72 6.68 5.80 4243 27.15 23.05 19.63 16.78 14.39 12.38 10.68 9.24 8.02 6.98 6.09 4344 27.09 23.12 19.79 17.00 14.66 12.67 10.99 9.56 8.33 7.29 6.39 44

45 27.03 23.19 19.96 17.23 14.93 12.97 11.31 9.88 8.66 7.61 6.70 4546 26.98 23.27 20.13 17.47 15.21 13.28 11.64 10.22 9.00 7.95 7.04 4647 26.94 23.35 20.30 17.71 15.50 13.61 11.98 10.57 9.36 8.30 7.39 4748 26.90 23.43 20.48 17.96 15.80 13.94 12.33 10.94 9.73 8.68 7.76 4849 26.86 23.53 20.67 18.22 16.11 14.28 12.70 11.32 10.12 9.07 8.15 49

50 26.84 23.63 20.87 18.49 16.43 14.64 13.08 11.72 10.53 9.48 8.56 5051 26.82 23.74 21.07 18.76 16.76 15.01 13.48 12.14 10.96 9.91 8.99 5152 26.81 23.85 21.28 19.05 17.10 15.39 13.89 12.57 11.40 10.37 9.45 5253 26.80 23.96 21.49 19.34 17.44 15.78 14.32 13.02 11.87 10.85 9.94 5354 26.80 24.08 21.71 19.63 17.80 16.19 14.76 13.49 12.36 11.35 10.45 54

55 26.79 24.20 21.93 19.93 18.17 16.60 15.21 13.97 12.87 11.87 10.98 5556 26.79 24.33 22.16 20.24 18.54 17.03 15.68 14.48 13.40 12.43 11.55 5657 26.79 24.46 22.39 20.56 18.93 17.48 16.17 15.01 13.95 13.01 12.15 5758 26.81 24.60 22.64 20.89 19.34 17.94 16.69 15.56 14.54 13.62 12.78 5859 26.84 24.75 22.90 21.24 19.76 18.43 17.23 16.14 15.16 14.27 13.46 59

60 26.88 24.93 23.18 21.61 20.20 18.94 17.79 16.76 15.81 14.96 14.18 60


54



0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0%

0 23.20 15.58 10.51 7.12 4.85 3.31 2.27 1.56 1.08 0.75 0.52 01 23.21 15.67 10.63 7.24 4.95 3.40 2.34 1.62 1.13 0.79 0.55 12 23.11 15.68 10.69 7.32 5.03 3.47 2.41 1.67 1.17 0.82 0.58 23 23.00 15.69 10.75 7.40 5.11 3.55 2.47 1.73 1.21 0.85 0.60 34 22.90 15.70 10.82 7.48 5.20 3.62 2.54 1.78 1.26 0.89 0.63 4

5 22.79 15.71 10.88 7.56 5.28 3.70 2.60 1.84 1.30 0.93 0.66 56 22.68 15.72 10.94 7.65 5.36 3.78 2.67 1.89 1.35 0.96 0.69 67 22.58 15.73 11.00 7.73 5.45 3.86 2.74 1.95 1.40 1.00 0.72 78 22.47 15.73 11.06 7.81 5.54 3.94 2.81 2.02 1.45 1.05 0.76 89 22.36 15.74 11.13 7.90 5.63 4.02 2.89 2.08 1.50 1.09 0.79 9

10 22.25 15.75 11.19 7.98 5.72 4.11 2.96 2.14 1.56 1.13 0.83 1011 22.15 15.75 11.25 8.07 5.81 4.19 3.04 2.21 1.61 1.18 0.87 1112 22.04 15.76 11.31 8.15 5.90 4.28 3.12 2.28 1.67 1.23 0.91 1213 21.93 15.77 11.38 8.24 5.99 4.37 3.20 2.35 1.73 1.28 0.95 1314 21.83 15.77 11.44 8.33 6.09 4.46 3.29 2.43 1.80 1.34 1.00 14

15 21.72 15.78 11.50 8.42 6.18 4.56 3.37 2.50 1.86 1.39 1.04 1516 21.62 15.78 11.57 8.51 6.28 4.66 3.46 2.58 1.93 1.45 1.09 1617 21.52 15.79 11.63 8.60 6.38 4.75 3.55 2.66 2.00 1.51 1.14 1718 21.42 15.80 11.70 8.70 6.49 4.85 3.65 2.75 2.08 1.57 1.20 1819 21.32 15.81 11.77 8.79 6.59 4.96 3.74 2.83 2.15 1.64 1.25 19

20 21.22 15.82 11.84 8.89 6.70 5.06 3.84 2.92 2.23 1.71 1.31 2021 21.13 15.84 11.91 8.99 6.81 5.17 3.94 3.02 2.31 1.78 1.37 2122 21.04 15.85 11.98 9.09 6.92 5.29 4.05 3.11 2.40 1.85 1.44 2223 20.95 15.86 12.06 9.19 7.03 5.40 4.16 3.21 2.49 1.93 1.51 2324 20.85 15.87 12.13 9.30 7.15 5.51 4.27 3.31 2.58 2.01 1.58 24

25 20.76 15.88 12.20 9.40 7.26 5.63 4.38 3.42 2.67 2.10 1.65 2526 20.67 15.90 12.27 9.50 7.38 5.75 4.50 3.53 2.77 2.19 1.73 2627 20.58 15.91 12.34 9.61 7.50 5.88 4.62 3.64 2.87 2.28 1.81 2728 20.49 15.93 12.42 9.72 7.63 6.00 4.74 3.75 2.98 2.37 1.89 2829 20.41 15.94 12.50 9.83 7.75 6.14 4.87 3.87 3.09 2.47 1.98 29

30 20.32 15.96 12.58 9.94 7.88 6.27 5.00 4.00 3.21 2.58 2.08 3031 20.23 15.97 12.65 10.05 8.01 6.40 5.13 4.13 3.33 2.69 2.18 3132 20.15 15.99 12.73 10.17 8.14 6.54 5.27 4.26 3.45 2.80 2.28 3233 20.07 16.01 12.81 10.28 8.28 6.69 5.41 4.40 3.58 2.92 2.39 3334 19.99 16.03 12.89 10.40 8.42 6.83 5.56 4.54 3.71 3.04 2.50 34

35 19.90 16.04 12.97 10.52 8.56 6.98 5.71 4.68 3.85 3.17 2.62 3536 19.82 16.06 13.05 10.64 8.70 7.13 5.86 4.83 3.99 3.31 2.74 3637 19.74 16.08 13.14 10.76 8.85 7.29 6.02 4.99 4.14 3.45 2.88 3738 19.67 16.10 13.22 10.89 8.99 7.45 6.18 5.15 4.30 3.59 3.01 3839 19.59 16.12 13.31 11.02 9.15 7.61 6.35 5.31 4.46 3.75 3.16 39

40 19.52 16.15 13.40 11.15 9.30 7.78 6.53 5.49 4.62 3.91 3.31 4041 19.45 16.17 13.49 11.28 9.46 7.95 6.71 5.67 4.80 4.07 3.47 4142 19.38 16.20 13.58 11.42 9.62 8.13 6.89 5.85 4.98 4.25 3.63 4243 19.31 16.23 13.68 11.56 9.79 8.32 7.08 6.04 5.17 4.43 3.81 4344 19.25 16.26 13.77 11.70 9.96 8.50 7.28 6.24 5.37 4.62 3.99 44

45 19.19 16.30 13.88 11.85 10.14 8.70 7.48 6.45 5.57 4.82 4.18 4546 19.14 16.34 13.98 12.00 10.32 8.90 7.69 6.67 5.79 5.03 4.39 4647 19.10 16.39 14.10 12.16 10.51 9.11 7.91 6.89 6.01 5.26 4.61 4748 19.06 16.44 14.22 12.32 10.71 9.33 8.15 7.13 6.25 5.49 4.83 4849 19.03 16.50 14.34 12.50 10.92 9.56 8.39 7.37 6.50 5.74 5.08 49

50 19.01 16.57 14.48 12.68 11.13 9.80 8.64 7.63 6.76 6.00 5.33 5051 19.00 16.65 14.62 12.87 11.36 10.04 8.90 7.91 7.04 6.28 5.61 5152 19.00 16.73 14.77 13.07 11.59 10.30 9.18 8.19 7.33 6.57 5.90 5253 19.00 16.82 14.93 13.28 11.84 10.57 9.47 8.49 7.63 6.87 6.20 5354 19.01 16.92 15.09 13.49 12.09 10.85 9.76 8.80 7.95 7.20 6.53 54

55 19.02 17.01 15.25 13.70 12.34 11.14 10.07 9.13 8.28 7.53 6.86 5556 19.02 17.10 15.41 13.92 12.60 11.43 10.39 9.46 8.63 7.89 7.22 5657 19.02 17.19 15.58 14.14 12.87 11.73 10.71 9.80 8.99 8.26 7.60 5758 19.04 17.30 15.75 14.37 13.14 12.04 11.05 10.17 9.37 8.65 8.00 5859 19.06 17.41 15.93 14.61 13.43 12.37 11.41 10.55 9.77 9.06 8.42 59

60 19.10 17.54 16.13 14.87 13.74 12.72 11.79 10.96 10.20 9.51 8.88 6061 19.17 17.69 16.36 15.16 14.08 13.09 12.20 11.39 10.66 9.98 9.37 6162 19.26 17.86 16.61 15.47 14.44 13.50 12.64 11.86 11.15 10.50 9.90 6263 19.37 18.06 16.88 15.80 14.82 13.93 13.12 12.37 11.68 11.05 10.47 6364 19.50 18.28 17.17 16.16 15.24 14.39 13.62 12.91 12.25 11.65 11.09 64

65 19.66 18.52 17.49 16.54 15.68 14.88 14.16 13.48 12.86 12.29 11.76 65


55



0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0%

0 26.18 17.52 11.78 7.95 5.39 3.67 2.51 1.72 1.19 0.82 0.57 01 26.20 17.62 11.91 8.08 5.51 3.77 2.59 1.79 1.24 0.86 0.60 12 26.10 17.65 11.99 8.18 5.60 3.85 2.66 1.85 1.29 0.90 0.63 23 26.01 17.68 12.07 8.28 5.70 3.94 2.74 1.91 1.33 0.94 0.66 34 25.91 17.70 12.15 8.37 5.80 4.03 2.81 1.97 1.38 0.98 0.69 4

5 25.81 17.73 12.23 8.47 5.89 4.12 2.89 2.03 1.44 1.02 0.72 56 25.72 17.75 12.31 8.57 5.99 4.21 2.97 2.10 1.49 1.06 0.76 67 25.62 17.78 12.39 8.67 6.10 4.30 3.05 2.17 1.55 1.11 0.79 78 25.52 17.80 12.47 8.77 6.20 4.40 3.13 2.24 1.60 1.15 0.83 89 25.42 17.83 12.55 8.88 6.30 4.49 3.21 2.31 1.66 1.20 0.87 9

10 25.33 17.85 12.64 8.98 6.41 4.59 3.30 2.38 1.73 1.25 0.91 1011 25.23 17.88 12.72 9.09 6.52 4.69 3.39 2.46 1.79 1.31 0.96 1112 25.13 17.90 12.80 9.19 6.63 4.80 3.48 2.54 1.86 1.36 1.00 1213 25.03 17.92 12.88 9.30 6.74 4.90 3.58 2.62 1.93 1.42 1.05 1314 24.94 17.95 12.97 9.41 6.85 5.01 3.67 2.70 2.00 1.48 1.10 14

15 24.84 17.97 13.05 9.52 6.97 5.12 3.77 2.79 2.07 1.54 1.15 1516 24.75 18.00 13.14 9.63 7.09 5.23 3.88 2.88 2.15 1.61 1.21 1617 24.66 18.02 13.23 9.74 7.21 5.35 3.98 2.98 2.23 1.68 1.27 1718 24.56 18.05 13.31 9.86 7.33 5.47 4.09 3.07 2.31 1.75 1.33 1819 24.47 18.07 13.40 9.98 7.45 5.59 4.20 3.17 2.40 1.82 1.39 19

20 24.38 18.10 13.49 10.09 7.58 5.71 4.32 3.27 2.49 1.90 1.46 2021 24.29 18.13 13.58 10.21 7.71 5.84 4.43 3.38 2.58 1.98 1.52 2122 24.20 18.15 13.67 10.33 7.84 5.96 4.55 3.49 2.68 2.07 1.60 2223 24.11 18.18 13.76 10.45 7.97 6.10 4.68 3.60 2.78 2.15 1.67 2324 24.01 18.20 13.85 10.58 8.10 6.23 4.81 3.72 2.89 2.25 1.75 24

25 23.92 18.23 13.94 10.70 8.24 6.37 4.94 3.84 2.99 2.34 1.84 2526 23.83 18.25 14.03 10.83 8.38 6.51 5.07 3.96 3.11 2.44 1.92 2627 23.74 18.28 14.13 10.95 8.52 6.65 5.21 4.09 3.22 2.55 2.02 2728 23.66 18.31 14.22 11.08 8.67 6.80 5.35 4.22 3.34 2.65 2.11 2829 23.57 18.34 14.31 11.21 8.81 6.95 5.50 4.36 3.47 2.77 2.21 29

30 23.48 18.36 14.41 11.35 8.96 7.10 5.65 4.50 3.60 2.88 2.32 3031 23.39 18.39 14.50 11.48 9.11 7.26 5.80 4.65 3.73 3.01 2.43 3132 23.30 18.41 14.60 11.61 9.27 7.42 5.96 4.80 3.87 3.14 2.55 3233 23.22 18.44 14.70 11.75 9.43 7.58 6.12 4.95 4.02 3.27 2.67 3334 23.14 18.47 14.80 11.89 9.59 7.75 6.29 5.11 4.17 3.41 2.79 34

35 23.05 18.50 14.90 12.03 9.75 7.92 6.46 5.28 4.33 3.55 2.93 3536 22.97 18.53 15.00 12.18 9.92 8.10 6.64 5.45 4.49 3.71 3.07 3637 22.89 18.56 15.10 12.32 10.09 8.28 6.82 5.63 4.66 3.86 3.21 3738 22.81 18.59 15.20 12.47 10.26 8.47 7.00 5.81 4.83 4.03 3.37 3839 22.73 18.62 15.31 12.62 10.44 8.65 7.20 6.00 5.02 4.20 3.53 39

40 22.65 18.66 15.42 12.78 10.62 8.85 7.40 6.20 5.21 4.38 3.70 4041 22.58 18.70 15.53 12.93 10.80 9.05 7.60 6.40 5.40 4.57 3.88 4142 22.51 18.73 15.64 13.09 10.99 9.25 7.81 6.61 5.61 4.77 4.07 4243 22.44 18.77 15.75 13.26 11.19 9.46 8.03 6.83 5.82 4.98 4.26 4344 22.37 18.82 15.87 13.42 11.39 9.68 8.26 7.06 6.05 5.19 4.47 44

45 22.31 18.86 15.99 13.60 11.59 9.91 8.49 7.29 6.28 5.42 4.69 4546 22.26 18.91 16.12 13.77 11.80 10.14 8.73 7.54 6.52 5.66 4.92 4647 22.21 18.97 16.25 13.95 12.02 10.38 8.98 7.79 6.78 5.91 5.16 4748 22.16 19.03 16.38 14.14 12.24 10.62 9.24 8.06 7.04 6.17 5.41 4849 22.12 19.09 16.52 14.34 12.47 10.88 9.51 8.33 7.32 6.44 5.68 49

50 22.08 19.16 16.67 14.54 12.71 11.14 9.79 8.62 7.61 6.73 5.97 5051 22.06 19.23 16.82 14.74 12.96 11.42 10.08 8.92 7.91 7.03 6.26 5152 22.03 19.31 16.98 14.96 13.21 11.70 10.38 9.23 8.23 7.35 6.58 5253 22.01 19.40 17.13 15.18 13.47 11.99 10.69 9.56 8.56 7.69 6.91 5354 21.99 19.48 17.30 15.40 13.74 12.29 11.02 9.90 8.91 8.04 7.26 54

55 21.97 19.56 17.46 15.62 14.01 12.60 11.35 10.24 9.27 8.40 7.63 5556 21.96 19.65 17.63 15.85 14.29 12.91 11.69 10.61 9.64 8.79 8.02 5657 21.94 19.74 17.80 16.09 14.58 13.24 12.05 10.99 10.04 9.19 8.43 5758 21.94 19.84 17.98 16.34 14.88 13.58 12.42 11.38 10.45 9.61 8.86 5859 21.94 19.95 18.17 16.60 15.19 13.93 12.81 11.80 10.89 10.06 9.32 59

60 21.96 20.07 18.38 16.87 15.52 14.31 13.22 12.23 11.35 10.54 9.81 6061 22.00 20.20 18.60 17.16 15.87 14.70 13.65 12.70 11.83 11.05 10.33 6162 22.05 20.36 18.84 17.47 16.23 15.12 14.11 13.19 12.35 11.59 10.89 6263 22.11 20.52 19.09 17.79 16.62 15.55 14.59 13.71 12.90 12.16 11.49 6364 22.19 20.70 19.35 18.13 17.02 16.01 15.09 14.25 13.48 12.77 12.12 64

65 22.28 20.89 19.63 18.49 17.45 16.50 15.63 14.83 14.10 13.42 12.80 65


56



0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0%

0 18.76 12.41 8.24 5.50 3.68 2.47 1.67 1.13 0.77 0.52 0.36 01 18.75 12.47 8.32 5.58 3.75 2.53 1.72 1.17 0.80 0.55 0.37 12 18.65 12.47 8.37 5.64 3.81 2.59 1.76 1.20 0.83 0.57 0.39 23 18.55 12.47 8.41 5.69 3.87 2.64 1.81 1.24 0.86 0.59 0.41 34 18.45 12.46 8.45 5.75 3.93 2.69 1.85 1.28 0.89 0.62 0.43 4

5 18.35 12.46 8.49 5.81 3.99 2.75 1.90 1.32 0.92 0.64 0.45 56 18.24 12.45 8.53 5.87 4.05 2.80 1.95 1.36 0.95 0.67 0.47 67 18.14 12.45 8.57 5.93 4.11 2.86 2.00 1.40 0.98 0.69 0.49 78 18.04 12.44 8.61 5.98 4.17 2.92 2.05 1.44 1.02 0.72 0.51 89 17.94 12.44 8.65 6.04 4.24 2.98 2.10 1.49 1.06 0.75 0.54 9

10 17.84 12.43 8.70 6.10 4.30 3.04 2.15 1.53 1.09 0.78 0.56 1011 17.74 12.43 8.74 6.16 4.36 3.10 2.21 1.58 1.13 0.81 0.59 1112 17.64 12.42 8.78 6.23 4.43 3.16 2.26 1.63 1.17 0.85 0.61 1213 17.53 12.41 8.82 6.29 4.50 3.23 2.32 1.68 1.21 0.88 0.64 1314 17.43 12.41 8.86 6.35 4.56 3.29 2.38 1.73 1.26 0.92 0.67 14

15 17.33 12.40 8.90 6.41 4.63 3.36 2.44 1.78 1.30 0.95 0.70 1516 17.23 12.39 8.94 6.47 4.70 3.42 2.50 1.83 1.35 0.99 0.73 1617 17.14 12.39 8.98 6.54 4.77 3.49 2.57 1.89 1.40 1.03 0.77 1718 17.04 12.38 9.03 6.60 4.84 3.56 2.63 1.95 1.45 1.08 0.80 1819 16.95 12.38 9.07 6.67 4.92 3.64 2.70 2.01 1.50 1.12 0.84 19

20 16.86 12.38 9.12 6.74 4.99 3.71 2.77 2.07 1.55 1.17 0.88 2021 16.77 12.38 9.16 6.81 5.07 3.79 2.84 2.13 1.61 1.21 0.92 2122 16.68 12.37 9.21 6.88 5.15 3.87 2.91 2.20 1.67 1.26 0.96 2223 16.59 12.37 9.26 6.95 5.23 3.95 2.99 2.27 1.72 1.32 1.01 2324 16.50 12.37 9.30 7.02 5.31 4.03 3.06 2.34 1.79 1.37 1.05 24

25 16.41 12.37 9.35 7.09 5.39 4.11 3.14 2.41 1.85 1.43 1.10 2526 16.32 12.36 9.39 7.16 5.47 4.19 3.22 2.48 1.92 1.48 1.15 2627 16.23 12.36 9.44 7.23 5.55 4.28 3.30 2.56 1.99 1.54 1.21 2728 16.15 12.36 9.49 7.31 5.64 4.37 3.39 2.64 2.06 1.61 1.26 2829 16.07 12.36 9.54 7.38 5.73 4.46 3.48 2.72 2.13 1.68 1.32 29

30 15.99 12.36 9.59 7.46 5.82 4.55 3.57 2.80 2.21 1.74 1.38 3031 15.90 12.36 9.64 7.54 5.91 4.64 3.66 2.89 2.29 1.82 1.44 3132 15.82 12.36 9.69 7.61 6.00 4.74 3.75 2.98 2.37 1.89 1.51 3233 15.74 12.36 9.74 7.69 6.09 4.84 3.85 3.07 2.46 1.97 1.58 3334 15.66 12.36 9.79 7.77 6.19 4.94 3.95 3.17 2.54 2.05 1.65 34

35 15.58 12.37 9.84 7.85 6.28 5.04 4.05 3.26 2.64 2.13 1.73 3536 15.50 12.37 9.89 7.93 6.38 5.14 4.16 3.37 2.73 2.22 1.81 3637 15.42 12.37 9.95 8.02 6.48 5.25 4.26 3.47 2.83 2.31 1.90 3738 15.34 12.37 10.00 8.10 6.58 5.36 4.37 3.58 2.93 2.41 1.98 3839 15.27 12.37 10.05 8.19 6.69 5.47 4.49 3.69 3.04 2.51 2.08 39

40 15.20 12.38 10.11 8.28 6.79 5.59 4.61 3.81 3.15 2.61 2.17 4041 15.13 12.39 10.17 8.37 6.90 5.71 4.73 3.93 3.27 2.72 2.27 4142 15.06 12.39 10.23 8.46 7.01 5.83 4.85 4.05 3.39 2.84 2.38 4243 14.99 12.40 10.29 8.55 7.13 5.95 4.98 4.18 3.51 2.96 2.49 4344 14.92 12.41 10.35 8.65 7.24 6.08 5.11 4.31 3.64 3.08 2.61 44

45 14.86 12.43 10.41 8.75 7.36 6.21 5.25 4.45 3.77 3.21 2.73 4546 14.81 12.44 10.48 8.85 7.49 6.35 5.39 4.59 3.92 3.35 2.86 4647 14.76 12.47 10.55 8.96 7.62 6.49 5.54 4.74 4.06 3.49 3.00 4748 14.71 12.49 10.63 9.07 7.75 6.64 5.70 4.90 4.22 3.64 3.15 4849 14.67 12.52 10.71 9.19 7.89 6.79 5.86 5.06 4.38 3.80 3.30 49

50 14.64 12.56 10.80 9.31 8.04 6.95 6.03 5.24 4.55 3.97 3.47 5051 14.61 12.61 10.90 9.44 8.19 7.12 6.20 5.42 4.74 4.15 3.64 5152 14.60 12.66 11.00 9.57 8.35 7.30 6.39 5.61 4.93 4.34 3.82 5253 14.59 12.71 11.10 9.71 8.52 7.48 6.58 5.80 5.12 4.53 4.02 5354 14.57 12.77 11.21 9.86 8.69 7.67 6.78 6.01 5.33 4.74 4.22 54

55 14.56 12.82 11.31 10.00 8.86 7.86 6.99 6.22 5.55 4.96 4.43 5556 14.55 12.88 11.42 10.15 9.03 8.06 7.20 6.44 5.77 5.18 4.66 5657 14.53 12.93 11.53 10.30 9.21 8.26 7.41 6.67 6.01 5.42 4.89 5758 14.52 12.99 11.64 10.45 9.40 8.47 7.64 6.90 6.25 5.67 5.14 5859 14.52 13.06 11.76 10.61 9.59 8.69 7.88 7.15 6.51 5.93 5.41 59

60 14.53 13.13 11.89 10.79 9.80 8.92 8.13 7.42 6.78 6.21 5.69 6061 14.56 13.23 12.04 10.97 10.02 9.17 8.40 7.70 7.08 6.51 6.00 6162 14.61 13.34 12.20 11.18 10.26 9.43 8.69 8.01 7.40 6.84 6.33 6263 14.67 13.47 12.38 11.41 10.52 9.72 9.00 8.34 7.74 7.19 6.69 6364 14.75 13.61 12.58 11.65 10.80 10.03 9.33 8.69 8.10 7.56 7.07 64

65 14.85 13.77 12.79 11.90 11.09 10.35 9.68 9.06 8.49 7.97 7.49 6566 14.95 13.94 13.02 12.18 11.41 10.70 10.05 9.45 8.90 8.40 7.93 6667 15.07 14.12 13.26 12.46 11.73 11.06 10.45 9.88 9.35 8.86 8.41 6768 15.20 14.32 13.51 12.77 12.08 11.45 10.86 10.32 9.82 9.35 8.92 6869 15.34 14.53 13.78 13.09 12.45 11.86 11.31 10.80 10.33 9.89 9.47 69

70 15.50 14.75 14.07 13.43 12.85 12.30 11.79 11.32 10.87 10.46 10.08 70


57



0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0%

0 21.54 14.21 9.41 6.25 4.17 2.80 1.88 1.27 0.86 0.58 0.40 01 21.54 14.28 9.50 6.35 4.26 2.87 1.94 1.31 0.89 0.61 0.42 12 21.45 14.29 9.56 6.42 4.33 2.93 1.99 1.36 0.93 0.64 0.44 23 21.35 14.30 9.62 6.49 4.40 2.99 2.04 1.40 0.96 0.66 0.46 34 21.26 14.31 9.68 6.57 4.47 3.06 2.10 1.44 1.00 0.69 0.48 4

5 21.17 14.32 9.73 6.64 4.54 3.12 2.15 1.49 1.03 0.72 0.50 56 21.07 14.34 9.79 6.71 4.62 3.19 2.21 1.54 1.07 0.75 0.53 67 20.98 14.35 9.85 6.79 4.69 3.26 2.27 1.59 1.11 0.78 0.55 78 20.88 14.36 9.91 6.86 4.77 3.33 2.33 1.64 1.15 0.81 0.58 89 20.79 14.37 9.96 6.94 4.85 3.40 2.39 1.69 1.19 0.85 0.60 9

10 20.70 14.38 10.02 7.01 4.93 3.47 2.45 1.74 1.24 0.88 0.63 1011 20.60 14.39 10.08 7.09 5.00 3.54 2.52 1.80 1.28 0.92 0.66 1112 20.51 14.39 10.14 7.17 5.09 3.62 2.59 1.85 1.33 0.96 0.69 1213 20.41 14.40 10.20 7.25 5.17 3.70 2.65 1.91 1.38 1.00 0.73 1314 20.32 14.41 10.26 7.33 5.25 3.78 2.72 1.97 1.43 1.04 0.76 14

15 20.23 14.42 10.32 7.41 5.33 3.86 2.80 2.03 1.48 1.08 0.80 1516 20.14 14.43 10.38 7.49 5.42 3.94 2.87 2.10 1.54 1.13 0.83 1617 20.05 14.44 10.44 7.57 5.51 4.02 2.95 2.16 1.59 1.18 0.87 1718 19.96 14.45 10.50 7.66 5.60 4.11 3.02 2.23 1.65 1.23 0.91 1819 19.87 14.46 10.56 7.74 5.69 4.20 3.10 2.30 1.71 1.28 0.96 19

20 19.78 14.47 10.62 7.82 5.78 4.28 3.19 2.37 1.78 1.33 1.00 2021 19.69 14.48 10.69 7.91 5.87 4.38 3.27 2.45 1.84 1.39 1.05 2122 19.60 14.49 10.75 8.00 5.97 4.47 3.36 2.53 1.91 1.45 1.10 2223 19.52 14.50 10.81 8.09 6.07 4.56 3.44 2.61 1.98 1.51 1.15 2324 19.43 14.51 10.87 8.17 6.16 4.66 3.54 2.69 2.05 1.57 1.20 24

25 19.34 14.52 10.94 8.26 6.26 4.76 3.63 2.77 2.13 1.63 1.26 2526 19.25 14.53 11.00 8.35 6.36 4.86 3.72 2.86 2.20 1.70 1.32 2627 19.17 14.54 11.07 8.45 6.47 4.97 3.82 2.95 2.29 1.77 1.38 2728 19.08 14.55 11.13 8.54 6.57 5.07 3.92 3.05 2.37 1.85 1.44 2829 18.99 14.56 11.20 8.63 6.68 5.18 4.03 3.14 2.46 1.92 1.51 29

30 18.91 14.57 11.26 8.73 6.79 5.29 4.13 3.24 2.55 2.01 1.58 3031 18.82 14.58 11.33 8.82 6.89 5.40 4.24 3.34 2.64 2.09 1.66 3132 18.74 14.59 11.39 8.92 7.01 5.52 4.36 3.45 2.74 2.18 1.73 3233 18.66 14.60 11.46 9.02 7.12 5.64 4.47 3.56 2.84 2.27 1.82 3334 18.57 14.61 11.53 9.12 7.24 5.76 4.59 3.67 2.94 2.36 1.90 34

35 18.49 14.62 11.60 9.22 7.35 5.88 4.71 3.79 3.05 2.46 1.99 3536 18.41 14.63 11.67 9.32 7.47 6.00 4.84 3.90 3.16 2.56 2.08 3637 18.33 14.65 11.74 9.43 7.59 6.13 4.96 4.03 3.28 2.67 2.18 3738 18.25 14.66 11.81 9.53 7.72 6.26 5.10 4.16 3.40 2.78 2.29 3839 18.17 14.67 11.88 9.64 7.84 6.40 5.23 4.29 3.52 2.90 2.39 39

40 18.10 14.69 11.95 9.75 7.97 6.54 5.37 4.43 3.65 3.02 2.51 4041 18.03 14.70 12.03 9.86 8.11 6.68 5.52 4.57 3.79 3.15 2.62 4142 17.95 14.72 12.10 9.98 8.24 6.83 5.67 4.71 3.93 3.28 2.75 4243 17.88 14.74 12.18 10.09 8.38 6.97 5.82 4.86 4.08 3.42 2.88 4344 17.82 14.76 12.26 10.21 8.52 7.13 5.98 5.02 4.23 3.57 3.02 44

45 17.75 14.79 12.35 10.33 8.67 7.29 6.14 5.19 4.39 3.72 3.16 4546 17.70 14.81 12.43 10.46 8.82 7.45 6.31 5.36 4.55 3.88 3.31 4647 17.64 14.84 12.52 10.59 8.97 7.62 6.49 5.53 4.73 4.05 3.47 4748 17.59 14.88 12.61 10.72 9.13 7.79 6.67 5.71 4.91 4.22 3.64 4849 17.54 14.91 12.71 10.86 9.29 7.97 6.86 5.91 5.10 4.41 3.82 49

50 17.50 14.96 12.81 11.00 9.46 8.16 7.05 6.10 5.29 4.60 4.01 5051 17.46 15.00 12.92 11.15 9.64 8.35 7.25 6.31 5.50 4.80 4.20 5152 17.43 15.05 13.03 11.30 9.82 8.55 7.47 6.53 5.72 5.02 4.41 5253 17.40 15.10 13.14 11.45 10.01 8.76 7.68 6.75 5.94 5.24 4.63 5354 17.37 15.15 13.25 11.61 10.20 8.97 7.91 6.98 6.18 5.47 4.86 54

55 17.33 15.20 13.36 11.77 10.39 9.19 8.14 7.22 6.42 5.72 5.10 5556 17.30 15.26 13.48 11.93 10.58 9.41 8.38 7.47 6.67 5.97 5.36 5657 17.28 15.31 13.60 12.10 10.79 9.63 8.62 7.73 6.94 6.24 5.62 5758 17.26 15.37 13.72 12.27 11.00 9.87 8.88 8.00 7.22 6.52 5.91 5859 17.24 15.44 13.85 12.45 11.22 10.12 9.15 8.28 7.51 6.82 6.21 59

60 17.24 15.52 14.00 12.65 11.45 10.38 9.43 8.58 7.82 7.14 6.52 6061 17.25 15.61 14.15 12.85 11.69 10.66 9.73 8.90 8.15 7.47 6.87 6162 17.27 15.71 14.31 13.07 11.95 10.95 10.04 9.23 8.49 7.83 7.23 6263 17.31 15.82 14.49 13.29 12.22 11.25 10.37 9.58 8.86 8.21 7.62 6364 17.35 15.94 14.68 13.53 12.50 11.57 10.72 9.95 9.25 8.61 8.03 64

65 17.40 16.07 14.87 13.79 12.80 11.90 11.09 10.34 9.66 9.04 8.47 6566 17.46 16.21 15.08 14.05 13.11 12.26 11.47 10.76 10.10 9.49 8.94 6667 17.53 16.36 15.30 14.32 13.44 12.62 11.88 11.19 10.56 9.98 9.44 6768 17.60 16.51 15.52 14.61 13.77 13.00 12.30 11.64 11.04 10.48 9.97 6869 17.67 16.66 15.74 14.90 14.12 13.40 12.73 12.12 11.55 11.02 10.53 69

70 17.74 16.82 15.97 15.19 14.47 13.81 13.19 12.62 12.09 11.59 11.13 70


58



0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0%

0 14.52 9.46 6.18 4.06 2.67 1.76 1.17 0.78 0.52 0.35 0.23 01 14.50 9.49 6.24 4.11 2.72 1.81 1.20 0.80 0.54 0.36 0.24 12 14.41 9.48 6.26 4.15 2.76 1.84 1.23 0.83 0.56 0.38 0.26 23 14.31 9.47 6.29 4.19 2.80 1.88 1.26 0.85 0.58 0.39 0.27 34 14.22 9.46 6.31 4.23 2.84 1.91 1.29 0.88 0.60 0.41 0.28 4

5 14.12 9.44 6.33 4.26 2.88 1.95 1.33 0.90 0.62 0.42 0.29 56 14.03 9.43 6.36 4.30 2.92 1.99 1.36 0.93 0.64 0.44 0.30 67 13.93 9.41 6.38 4.34 2.96 2.03 1.39 0.96 0.66 0.46 0.32 78 13.84 9.40 6.40 4.38 3.00 2.06 1.42 0.99 0.68 0.48 0.33 89 13.74 9.38 6.42 4.41 3.04 2.10 1.46 1.01 0.71 0.49 0.35 9

10 13.65 9.36 6.45 4.45 3.08 2.14 1.49 1.04 0.73 0.51 0.36 1011 13.56 9.35 6.47 4.49 3.13 2.18 1.53 1.07 0.76 0.53 0.38 1112 13.46 9.33 6.49 4.53 3.17 2.22 1.57 1.11 0.78 0.56 0.40 1213 13.37 9.32 6.51 4.57 3.21 2.27 1.60 1.14 0.81 0.58 0.41 1314 13.27 9.30 6.53 4.61 3.26 2.31 1.64 1.17 0.84 0.60 0.43 14

15 13.18 9.28 6.56 4.65 3.30 2.35 1.68 1.20 0.87 0.62 0.45 1516 13.09 9.27 6.58 4.69 3.35 2.40 1.72 1.24 0.90 0.65 0.47 1617 13.00 9.25 6.60 4.73 3.39 2.44 1.76 1.28 0.93 0.67 0.49 1718 12.91 9.24 6.63 4.77 3.44 2.49 1.81 1.31 0.96 0.70 0.51 1819 12.83 9.22 6.65 4.81 3.49 2.54 1.85 1.35 0.99 0.73 0.54 19

20 12.74 9.21 6.67 4.85 3.54 2.58 1.89 1.39 1.02 0.76 0.56 2021 12.66 9.19 6.70 4.89 3.59 2.63 1.94 1.43 1.06 0.79 0.59 2122 12.57 9.18 6.72 4.94 3.64 2.68 1.99 1.47 1.10 0.82 0.61 2223 12.49 9.17 6.75 4.98 3.69 2.74 2.04 1.52 1.13 0.85 0.64 2324 12.41 9.16 6.77 5.03 3.74 2.79 2.08 1.56 1.17 0.88 0.67 24

25 12.32 9.14 6.80 5.07 3.79 2.84 2.13 1.61 1.21 0.92 0.70 2526 12.24 9.12 6.82 5.11 3.84 2.89 2.19 1.66 1.26 0.96 0.73 2627 12.16 9.11 6.85 5.16 3.90 2.95 2.24 1.70 1.30 0.99 0.76 2728 12.08 9.10 6.87 5.21 3.95 3.01 2.29 1.75 1.34 1.03 0.79 2829 12.00 9.09 6.90 5.25 4.01 3.07 2.35 1.81 1.39 1.07 0.83 29

30 11.92 9.08 6.93 5.30 4.06 3.12 2.41 1.86 1.44 1.12 0.87 3031 11.85 9.06 6.95 5.35 4.12 3.18 2.47 1.91 1.49 1.16 0.91 3132 11.77 9.05 6.98 5.39 4.18 3.25 2.53 1.97 1.54 1.21 0.95 3233 11.69 9.04 7.01 5.44 4.24 3.31 2.59 2.03 1.59 1.25 0.99 3334 11.62 9.03 7.03 5.49 4.30 3.37 2.65 2.09 1.65 1.30 1.03 34

35 11.54 9.02 7.06 5.54 4.36 3.44 2.72 2.15 1.71 1.36 1.08 3536 11.46 9.00 7.09 5.59 4.42 3.50 2.78 2.21 1.76 1.41 1.13 3637 11.39 8.99 7.11 5.64 4.48 3.57 2.85 2.28 1.83 1.47 1.18 3738 11.32 8.98 7.14 5.69 4.55 3.64 2.92 2.35 1.89 1.52 1.23 3839 11.25 8.97 7.17 5.74 4.61 3.71 2.99 2.42 1.96 1.59 1.29 39

40 11.18 8.96 7.20 5.80 4.68 3.78 3.06 2.49 2.02 1.65 1.35 4041 11.11 8.95 7.23 5.85 4.75 3.86 3.14 2.56 2.09 1.72 1.41 4142 11.04 8.94 7.26 5.91 4.81 3.93 3.22 2.64 2.17 1.78 1.47 4243 10.97 8.94 7.29 5.96 4.89 4.01 3.30 2.72 2.24 1.86 1.54 4344 10.91 8.93 7.33 6.02 4.96 4.09 3.38 2.80 2.32 1.93 1.61 44

45 10.85 8.93 7.36 6.08 5.03 4.17 3.47 2.89 2.41 2.01 1.68 4546 10.79 8.93 7.40 6.14 5.11 4.26 3.56 2.97 2.49 2.09 1.76 4647 10.74 8.93 7.44 6.21 5.19 4.35 3.65 3.07 2.58 2.18 1.84 4748 10.69 8.93 7.48 6.27 5.27 4.44 3.74 3.16 2.68 2.27 1.93 4849 10.64 8.94 7.53 6.35 5.36 4.54 3.84 3.26 2.78 2.36 2.02 49

50 10.60 8.95 7.57 6.42 5.45 4.64 3.95 3.37 2.88 2.47 2.11 5051 10.57 8.97 7.63 6.50 5.54 4.74 4.06 3.48 2.99 2.57 2.22 5152 10.54 8.99 7.69 6.58 5.64 4.85 4.17 3.60 3.10 2.68 2.32 5253 10.52 9.02 7.75 6.67 5.75 4.96 4.29 3.72 3.22 2.80 2.44 5354 10.49 9.04 7.81 6.75 5.85 5.08 4.41 3.84 3.35 2.92 2.56 54

55 10.47 9.07 7.87 6.84 5.96 5.20 4.54 3.97 3.48 3.05 2.68 5556 10.44 9.09 7.93 6.93 6.07 5.32 4.67 4.10 3.61 3.19 2.81 5657 10.41 9.11 7.99 7.02 6.18 5.44 4.80 4.24 3.75 3.33 2.95 5758 10.39 9.14 8.06 7.11 6.29 5.57 4.94 4.39 3.90 3.47 3.10 5859 10.37 9.17 8.13 7.21 6.41 5.70 5.08 4.54 4.05 3.63 3.25 59

60 10.36 9.21 8.20 7.32 6.53 5.84 5.23 4.70 4.22 3.79 3.41 6061 10.36 9.26 8.29 7.43 6.67 6.00 5.40 4.87 4.39 3.97 3.59 6162 10.37 9.32 8.39 7.56 6.82 6.16 5.57 5.05 4.58 4.16 3.78 6263 10.40 9.39 8.49 7.69 6.98 6.34 5.76 5.24 4.78 4.36 3.99 6364 10.43 9.47 8.61 7.84 7.15 6.52 5.96 5.45 5.00 4.58 4.21 64

65 10.48 9.56 8.74 8.00 7.33 6.72 6.17 5.68 5.23 4.82 4.44 6566 10.53 9.66 8.87 8.16 7.52 6.93 6.40 5.91 5.47 5.07 4.70 6667 10.59 9.77 9.02 8.33 7.71 7.15 6.63 6.16 5.73 5.33 4.97 6768 10.65 9.87 9.16 8.51 7.92 7.38 6.88 6.42 6.00 5.61 5.25 6869 10.72 9.99 9.32 8.70 8.14 7.62 7.14 6.70 6.29 5.91 5.56 69

continued


59

Table 25 Multipliers for loss of pension commencing age 75 (males) continued


0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0%

70 10.80 10.11 9.48 8.90 8.36 7.87 7.41 6.99 6.60 6.23 5.89 7071 10.88 10.25 9.66 9.11 8.61 8.14 7.71 7.30 6.93 6.58 6.25 7172 10.99 10.41 9.86 9.35 8.88 8.44 8.03 7.65 7.29 6.96 6.65 7273 11.14 10.60 10.09 9.63 9.19 8.78 8.40 8.04 7.70 7.39 7.09 7374 11.33 10.83 10.37 9.94 9.54 9.16 8.81 8.48 8.16 7.87 7.59 74

75 11.57 11.13 10.71 10.32 9.95 9.61 9.29 8.98 8.70 8.42 8.17 75


60



0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0%

0 17.05 11.07 7.22 4.72 3.10 2.04 1.35 0.90 0.60 0.40 0.27 01 17.03 11.12 7.29 4.79 3.16 2.10 1.39 0.93 0.62 0.42 0.28 12 16.94 11.12 7.33 4.84 3.21 2.14 1.43 0.96 0.64 0.43 0.29 23 16.85 11.12 7.36 4.89 3.26 2.18 1.47 0.99 0.67 0.45 0.31 34 16.76 11.12 7.40 4.94 3.31 2.23 1.50 1.02 0.69 0.47 0.32 4

5 16.67 11.11 7.44 4.99 3.36 2.27 1.54 1.05 0.72 0.49 0.34 56 16.58 11.11 7.47 5.04 3.41 2.32 1.58 1.08 0.74 0.51 0.35 67 16.49 11.11 7.51 5.09 3.47 2.37 1.62 1.11 0.77 0.53 0.37 78 16.40 11.11 7.55 5.15 3.52 2.42 1.66 1.15 0.79 0.55 0.38 89 16.31 11.10 7.58 5.20 3.57 2.46 1.70 1.18 0.82 0.57 0.40 9

10 16.22 11.10 7.62 5.25 3.63 2.51 1.75 1.22 0.85 0.60 0.42 1011 16.14 11.10 7.66 5.30 3.68 2.57 1.79 1.26 0.88 0.62 0.44 1112 16.05 11.09 7.70 5.35 3.74 2.62 1.84 1.29 0.91 0.65 0.46 1213 15.96 11.09 7.73 5.41 3.79 2.67 1.88 1.33 0.95 0.67 0.48 1314 15.87 11.09 7.77 5.46 3.85 2.72 1.93 1.37 0.98 0.70 0.50 14

15 15.78 11.08 7.81 5.52 3.91 2.78 1.98 1.42 1.02 0.73 0.53 1516 15.70 11.08 7.84 5.57 3.97 2.84 2.03 1.46 1.05 0.76 0.55 1617 15.61 11.08 7.88 5.63 4.03 2.89 2.08 1.50 1.09 0.79 0.58 1718 15.53 11.07 7.92 5.68 4.09 2.95 2.14 1.55 1.13 0.82 0.60 1819 15.44 11.07 7.96 5.74 4.15 3.01 2.19 1.60 1.17 0.86 0.63 19

20 15.36 11.07 8.00 5.80 4.22 3.07 2.25 1.65 1.21 0.89 0.66 2021 15.27 11.06 8.04 5.86 4.28 3.14 2.30 1.70 1.25 0.93 0.69 2122 15.19 11.06 8.08 5.91 4.34 3.20 2.36 1.75 1.30 0.97 0.72 2223 15.10 11.06 8.12 5.97 4.41 3.26 2.42 1.80 1.34 1.00 0.75 2324 15.02 11.05 8.15 6.03 4.48 3.33 2.48 1.86 1.39 1.05 0.79 24

25 14.94 11.05 8.19 6.09 4.54 3.40 2.55 1.91 1.44 1.09 0.82 2526 14.85 11.04 8.23 6.15 4.61 3.47 2.61 1.97 1.49 1.13 0.86 2627 14.77 11.04 8.27 6.21 4.68 3.54 2.68 2.03 1.55 1.18 0.90 2728 14.69 11.04 8.31 6.28 4.75 3.61 2.74 2.09 1.60 1.23 0.94 2829 14.61 11.03 8.35 6.34 4.82 3.68 2.81 2.16 1.66 1.28 0.99 29

30 14.53 11.03 8.39 6.40 4.90 3.75 2.89 2.22 1.72 1.33 1.03 3031 14.45 11.02 8.43 6.46 4.97 3.83 2.96 2.29 1.78 1.38 1.08 3132 14.37 11.02 8.47 6.53 5.04 3.91 3.03 2.36 1.84 1.44 1.13 3233 14.29 11.01 8.51 6.59 5.12 3.99 3.11 2.43 1.91 1.50 1.18 3334 14.21 11.01 8.55 6.66 5.20 4.07 3.19 2.51 1.97 1.56 1.23 34

35 14.13 11.01 8.59 6.73 5.28 4.15 3.27 2.58 2.04 1.62 1.29 3536 14.05 11.00 8.63 6.79 5.36 4.23 3.35 2.66 2.12 1.69 1.35 3637 13.98 11.00 8.68 6.86 5.44 4.32 3.44 2.74 2.19 1.76 1.41 3738 13.90 11.00 8.72 6.93 5.52 4.41 3.53 2.83 2.27 1.83 1.47 3839 13.83 10.99 8.76 7.00 5.60 4.50 3.62 2.91 2.35 1.90 1.54 39

40 13.75 10.99 8.81 7.07 5.69 4.59 3.71 3.00 2.44 1.98 1.61 4041 13.68 10.99 8.85 7.14 5.78 4.68 3.80 3.10 2.52 2.06 1.69 4142 13.61 10.99 8.90 7.22 5.87 4.78 3.90 3.19 2.61 2.15 1.77 4243 13.54 11.00 8.95 7.29 5.96 4.88 4.00 3.29 2.71 2.23 1.85 4344 13.48 11.00 8.99 7.37 6.05 4.98 4.11 3.39 2.81 2.33 1.93 44

45 13.42 11.00 9.04 7.45 6.15 5.09 4.21 3.50 2.91 2.42 2.02 4546 13.36 11.01 9.10 7.53 6.25 5.19 4.32 3.61 3.02 2.52 2.12 4647 13.30 11.02 9.15 7.62 6.35 5.30 4.44 3.72 3.13 2.63 2.22 4748 13.24 11.03 9.21 7.70 6.45 5.42 4.56 3.84 3.24 2.74 2.32 4849 13.19 11.05 9.27 7.79 6.56 5.54 4.68 3.96 3.36 2.86 2.43 49

50 13.14 11.06 9.33 7.88 6.67 5.66 4.81 4.09 3.49 2.98 2.55 5051 13.10 11.08 9.40 7.98 6.79 5.79 4.94 4.23 3.62 3.11 2.67 5152 13.06 11.11 9.46 8.08 6.91 5.92 5.08 4.37 3.76 3.24 2.80 5253 13.02 11.13 9.53 8.18 7.03 6.05 5.22 4.51 3.90 3.38 2.93 5354 12.98 11.16 9.60 8.28 7.15 6.19 5.37 4.66 4.05 3.53 3.08 54

55 12.94 11.18 9.67 8.38 7.28 6.33 5.52 4.81 4.21 3.68 3.23 5556 12.91 11.20 9.74 8.49 7.41 6.48 5.67 4.97 4.37 3.84 3.38 5657 12.87 11.23 9.82 8.60 7.54 6.62 5.83 5.14 4.53 4.01 3.55 5758 12.84 11.26 9.89 8.71 7.68 6.78 5.99 5.31 4.71 4.18 3.72 5859 12.81 11.30 9.98 8.83 7.82 6.94 6.17 5.49 4.89 4.37 3.90 59

60 12.79 11.34 10.06 8.95 7.97 7.11 6.35 5.68 5.09 4.56 4.10 6061 12.78 11.39 10.16 9.08 8.13 7.29 6.54 5.88 5.29 4.77 4.30 6162 12.78 11.44 10.26 9.22 8.29 7.47 6.74 6.09 5.51 4.99 4.53 6263 12.79 11.51 10.38 9.37 8.47 7.67 6.95 6.31 5.74 5.22 4.76 6364 12.80 11.58 10.49 9.52 8.65 7.88 7.18 6.55 5.98 5.47 5.01 64

65 12.82 11.66 10.62 9.69 8.85 8.09 7.41 6.80 6.24 5.74 5.28 6566 12.84 11.74 10.75 9.86 9.05 8.32 7.66 7.06 6.51 6.01 5.56 6667 12.87 11.83 10.89 10.03 9.26 8.55 7.91 7.33 6.79 6.31 5.86 6768 12.90 11.91 11.02 10.21 9.47 8.79 8.17 7.61 7.09 6.61 6.18 6869 12.92 12.00 11.15 10.38 9.68 9.03 8.44 7.90 7.40 6.94 6.51 69

continued


61

Table 26 Multipliers for loss of pension commencing age 75 (females) continued


0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0%

70 12.94 12.07 11.29 10.56 9.90 9.28 8.72 8.20 7.72 7.27 6.86 7071 12.95 12.16 11.42 10.74 10.12 9.54 9.01 8.51 8.05 7.63 7.23 7172 12.98 12.25 11.57 10.94 10.36 9.82 9.32 8.85 8.41 8.01 7.63 7273 13.03 12.36 11.74 11.16 10.62 10.12 9.65 9.21 8.81 8.42 8.07 7374 13.11 12.50 11.94 11.41 10.91 10.45 10.02 9.62 9.24 8.88 8.55 74

75 13.24 12.69 12.18 11.71 11.26 10.84 10.45 10.08 9.73 9.40 9.10 75


62

Table 27 Discounting factors for term certain

Factor to discount value of multiplier for a period of deferment

Term 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0% Term

1 0.9950 0.9901 0.9852 0.9804 0.9756 0.9709 0.9662 0.9615 0.9569 0.9524 12 0.9901 0.9803 0.9707 0.9612 0.9518 0.9426 0.9335 0.9246 0.9157 0.9070 23 0.9851 0.9706 0.9563 0.9423 0.9286 0.9151 0.9019 0.8890 0.8763 0.8638 34 0.9802 0.9610 0.9422 0.9238 0.9060 0.8885 0.8714 0.8548 0.8386 0.8227 45 0.9754 0.9515 0.9283 0.9057 0.8839 0.8626 0.8420 0.8219 0.8025 0.7835 5

6 0.9705 0.9420 0.9145 0.8880 0.8623 0.8375 0.8135 0.7903 0.7679 0.7462 67 0.9657 0.9327 0.9010 0.8706 0.8413 0.8131 0.7860 0.7599 0.7348 0.7107 78 0.9609 0.9235 0.8877 0.8535 0.8207 0.7894 0.7594 0.7307 0.7032 0.6768 89 0.9561 0.9143 0.8746 0.8368 0.8007 0.7664 0.7337 0.7026 0.6729 0.6446 910 0.9513 0.9053 0.8617 0.8203 0.7812 0.7441 0.7089 0.6756 0.6439 0.6139 10

11 0.9466 0.8963 0.8489 0.8043 0.7621 0.7224 0.6849 0.6496 0.6162 0.5847 1112 0.9419 0.8874 0.8364 0.7885 0.7436 0.7014 0.6618 0.6246 0.5897 0.5568 1213 0.9372 0.8787 0.8240 0.7730 0.7254 0.6810 0.6394 0.6006 0.5643 0.5303 1314 0.9326 0.8700 0.8118 0.7579 0.7077 0.6611 0.6178 0.5775 0.5400 0.5051 1415 0.9279 0.8613 0.7999 0.7430 0.6905 0.6419 0.5969 0.5553 0.5167 0.4810 15

16 0.9233 0.8528 0.7880 0.7284 0.6736 0.6232 0.5767 0.5339 0.4945 0.4581 1617 0.9187 0.8444 0.7764 0.7142 0.6572 0.6050 0.5572 0.5134 0.4732 0.4363 1718 0.9141 0.8360 0.7649 0.7002 0.6412 0.5874 0.5384 0.4936 0.4528 0.4155 1819 0.9096 0.8277 0.7536 0.6864 0.6255 0.5703 0.5202 0.4746 0.4333 0.3957 1920 0.9051 0.8195 0.7425 0.6730 0.6103 0.5537 0.5026 0.4564 0.4146 0.3769 20

21 0.9006 0.8114 0.7315 0.6598 0.5954 0.5375 0.4856 0.4388 0.3968 0.3589 2122 0.8961 0.8034 0.7207 0.6468 0.5809 0.5219 0.4692 0.4220 0.3797 0.3418 2223 0.8916 0.7954 0.7100 0.6342 0.5667 0.5067 0.4533 0.4057 0.3634 0.3256 2324 0.8872 0.7876 0.6995 0.6217 0.5529 0.4919 0.4380 0.3901 0.3477 0.3101 2425 0.8828 0.7798 0.6892 0.6095 0.5394 0.4776 0.4231 0.3751 0.3327 0.2953 25

26 0.8784 0.7720 0.6790 0.5976 0.5262 0.4637 0.4088 0.3607 0.3184 0.2812 2627 0.8740 0.7644 0.6690 0.5859 0.5134 0.4502 0.3950 0.3468 0.3047 0.2678 2728 0.8697 0.7568 0.6591 0.5744 0.5009 0.4371 0.3817 0.3335 0.2916 0.2551 2829 0.8653 0.7493 0.6494 0.5631 0.4887 0.4243 0.3687 0.3207 0.2790 0.2429 2930 0.8610 0.7419 0.6398 0.5521 0.4767 0.4120 0.3563 0.3083 0.2670 0.2314 30

31 0.8567 0.7346 0.6303 0.5412 0.4651 0.4000 0.3442 0.2965 0.2555 0.2204 3132 0.8525 0.7273 0.6210 0.5306 0.4538 0.3883 0.3326 0.2851 0.2445 0.2099 3233 0.8482 0.7201 0.6118 0.5202 0.4427 0.3770 0.3213 0.2741 0.2340 0.1999 3334 0.8440 0.7130 0.6028 0.5100 0.4319 0.3660 0.3105 0.2636 0.2239 0.1904 3435 0.8398 0.7059 0.5939 0.5000 0.4214 0.3554 0.3000 0.2534 0.2143 0.1813 35

36 0.8356 0.6989 0.5851 0.4902 0.4111 0.3450 0.2898 0.2437 0.2050 0.1727 3637 0.8315 0.6920 0.5764 0.4806 0.4011 0.3350 0.2800 0.2343 0.1962 0.1644 3738 0.8274 0.6852 0.5679 0.4712 0.3913 0.3252 0.2706 0.2253 0.1878 0.1566 3839 0.8232 0.6784 0.5595 0.4619 0.3817 0.3158 0.2614 0.2166 0.1797 0.1491 3940 0.8191 0.6717 0.5513 0.4529 0.3724 0.3066 0.2526 0.2083 0.1719 0.1420 40

41 0.8151 0.6650 0.5431 0.4440 0.3633 0.2976 0.2440 0.2003 0.1645 0.1353 4142 0.8110 0.6584 0.5351 0.4353 0.3545 0.2890 0.2358 0.1926 0.1574 0.1288 4243 0.8070 0.6519 0.5272 0.4268 0.3458 0.2805 0.2278 0.1852 0.1507 0.1227 4344 0.8030 0.6454 0.5194 0.4184 0.3374 0.2724 0.2201 0.1780 0.1442 0.1169 4445 0.7990 0.6391 0.5117 0.4102 0.3292 0.2644 0.2127 0.1712 0.1380 0.1113 45

46 0.7950 0.6327 0.5042 0.4022 0.3211 0.2567 0.2055 0.1646 0.1320 0.1060 4647 0.7910 0.6265 0.4967 0.3943 0.3133 0.2493 0.1985 0.1583 0.1263 0.1009 4748 0.7871 0.6203 0.4894 0.3865 0.3057 0.2420 0.1918 0.1522 0.1209 0.0961 4849 0.7832 0.6141 0.4821 0.3790 0.2982 0.2350 0.1853 0.1463 0.1157 0.0916 4950 0.7793 0.6080 0.4750 0.3715 0.2909 0.2281 0.1791 0.1407 0.1107 0.0872 50

51 0.7754 0.6020 0.4680 0.3642 0.2838 0.2215 0.1730 0.1353 0.1059 0.0831 5152 0.7716 0.5961 0.4611 0.3571 0.2769 0.2150 0.1671 0.1301 0.1014 0.0791 5253 0.7677 0.5902 0.4543 0.3501 0.2702 0.2088 0.1615 0.1251 0.0970 0.0753 5354 0.7639 0.5843 0.4475 0.3432 0.2636 0.2027 0.1560 0.1203 0.0928 0.0717 5455 0.7601 0.5785 0.4409 0.3365 0.2572 0.1968 0.1508 0.1157 0.0888 0.0683 55

56 0.7563 0.5728 0.4344 0.3299 0.2509 0.1910 0.1457 0.1112 0.0850 0.0651 5657 0.7525 0.5671 0.4280 0.3234 0.2448 0.1855 0.1407 0.1069 0.0814 0.0620 5758 0.7488 0.5615 0.4217 0.3171 0.2388 0.1801 0.1360 0.1028 0.0778 0.0590 5859 0.7451 0.5560 0.4154 0.3109 0.2330 0.1748 0.1314 0.0989 0.0745 0.0562 5960 0.7414 0.5504 0.4093 0.3048 0.2273 0.1697 0.1269 0.0951 0.0713 0.0535 60

61 0.7377 0.5450 0.4032 0.2988 0.2217 0.1648 0.1226 0.0914 0.0682 0.0510 6162 0.7340 0.5396 0.3973 0.2929 0.2163 0.1600 0.1185 0.0879 0.0653 0.0486 6263 0.7304 0.5343 0.3914 0.2872 0.2111 0.1553 0.1145 0.0845 0.0625 0.0462 6364 0.7267 0.5290 0.3856 0.2816 0.2059 0.1508 0.1106 0.0813 0.0598 0.0440 6465 0.7231 0.5237 0.3799 0.2761 0.2009 0.1464 0.1069 0.0781 0.0572 0.0419 65

66 0.7195 0.5185 0.3743 0.2706 0.1960 0.1421 0.1033 0.0751 0.0547 0.0399 6667 0.7159 0.5134 0.3688 0.2653 0.1912 0.1380 0.0998 0.0722 0.0524 0.0380 6768 0.7124 0.5083 0.3633 0.2601 0.1865 0.1340 0.0964 0.0695 0.0501 0.0362 6869 0.7088 0.5033 0.3580 0.2550 0.1820 0.1301 0.0931 0.0668 0.0480 0.0345 6970 0.7053 0.4983 0.3527 0.2500 0.1776 0.1263 0.0900 0.0642 0.0459 0.0329 70

continued


63

Table 27 Discounting factors for term certain continued

Factor to discount value of multiplier for a period of deferment

Term 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0% Term

71 0.7018 0.4934 0.3475 0.2451 0.1732 0.1226 0.0869 0.0617 0.0439 0.0313 7172 0.6983 0.4885 0.3423 0.2403 0.1690 0.1190 0.0840 0.0594 0.0420 0.0298 7273 0.6948 0.4837 0.3373 0.2356 0.1649 0.1156 0.0812 0.0571 0.0402 0.0284 7374 0.6914 0.4789 0.3323 0.2310 0.1609 0.1122 0.0784 0.0549 0.0385 0.0270 7475 0.6879 0.4741 0.3274 0.2265 0.1569 0.1089 0.0758 0.0528 0.0368 0.0258 75

76 0.6845 0.4694 0.3225 0.2220 0.1531 0.1058 0.0732 0.0508 0.0353 0.0245 7677 0.6811 0.4648 0.3178 0.2177 0.1494 0.1027 0.0707 0.0488 0.0337 0.0234 7778 0.6777 0.4602 0.3131 0.2134 0.1457 0.0997 0.0683 0.0469 0.0323 0.0222 7879 0.6743 0.4556 0.3084 0.2092 0.1422 0.0968 0.0660 0.0451 0.0309 0.0212 7980 0.6710 0.4511 0.3039 0.2051 0.1387 0.0940 0.0638 0.0434 0.0296 0.0202 80


64

Table 28 Multipliers for pecuniary loss for term certain

Multiplier for regular frequent payments for a term certain at rate of return of

Term 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0% Term

1 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 12 1.99 1.98 1.97 1.96 1.95 1.94 1.93 1.92 1.91 1.91 23 2.98 2.96 2.93 2.91 2.89 2.87 2.85 2.83 2.81 2.79 34 3.96 3.92 3.88 3.85 3.81 3.77 3.74 3.70 3.67 3.63 45 4.94 4.88 4.82 4.76 4.70 4.65 4.59 4.54 4.49 4.44 5

6 5.91 5.82 5.74 5.66 5.58 5.50 5.42 5.35 5.27 5.20 67 6.88 6.76 6.65 6.54 6.43 6.32 6.22 6.12 6.02 5.93 78 7.84 7.69 7.54 7.40 7.26 7.12 6.99 6.87 6.74 6.62 89 8.80 8.61 8.42 8.24 8.07 7.90 7.74 7.58 7.43 7.28 910 9.75 9.52 9.29 9.07 8.86 8.66 8.46 8.27 8.09 7.91 10

11 10.70 10.42 10.15 9.88 9.63 9.39 9.16 8.93 8.72 8.51 1112 11.65 11.31 10.99 10.68 10.39 10.10 9.83 9.57 9.32 9.08 1213 12.59 12.19 11.82 11.46 11.12 10.79 10.48 10.18 9.90 9.63 1314 13.52 13.07 12.64 12.23 11.84 11.46 11.11 10.77 10.45 10.14 1415 14.45 13.93 13.44 12.98 12.54 12.12 11.72 11.34 10.98 10.64 15

16 15.38 14.79 14.24 13.71 13.22 12.75 12.30 11.88 11.48 11.11 1617 16.30 15.64 15.02 14.43 13.88 13.36 12.87 12.41 11.97 11.55 1718 17.22 16.48 15.79 15.14 14.53 13.96 13.42 12.91 12.43 11.98 1819 18.13 17.31 16.55 15.83 15.17 14.54 13.95 13.39 12.87 12.38 1920 19.03 18.14 17.30 16.51 15.78 15.10 14.46 13.86 13.30 12.77 20

21 19.94 18.95 18.03 17.18 16.39 15.65 14.95 14.31 13.70 13.14 2122 20.84 19.76 18.76 17.83 16.97 16.17 15.43 14.74 14.09 13.49 2223 21.73 20.56 19.48 18.47 17.55 16.69 15.89 15.15 14.46 13.82 2324 22.62 21.35 20.18 19.10 18.11 17.19 16.34 15.55 14.82 14.14 2425 23.50 22.13 20.87 19.72 18.65 17.67 16.77 15.93 15.16 14.44 25

26 24.38 22.91 21.56 20.32 19.19 18.14 17.18 16.30 15.48 14.73 2627 25.26 23.68 22.23 20.91 19.71 18.60 17.59 16.65 15.80 15.01 2728 26.13 24.44 22.90 21.49 20.21 19.04 17.97 16.99 16.09 15.27 2829 27.00 25.19 23.55 22.06 20.71 19.47 18.35 17.32 16.38 15.52 2930 27.86 25.94 24.20 22.62 21.19 19.89 18.71 17.64 16.65 15.75 30

31 28.72 26.67 24.83 23.17 21.66 20.30 19.06 17.94 16.91 15.98 3132 29.58 27.41 25.46 23.70 22.12 20.69 19.40 18.23 17.16 16.19 3233 30.43 28.13 26.07 24.23 22.57 21.08 19.73 18.51 17.40 16.40 3334 31.27 28.85 26.68 24.74 23.01 21.45 20.04 18.78 17.63 16.59 3435 32.12 29.56 27.28 25.25 23.43 21.81 20.35 19.04 17.85 16.78 35

36 32.95 30.26 27.87 25.74 23.85 22.16 20.64 19.28 18.06 16.96 3637 33.79 30.95 28.45 26.23 24.26 22.50 20.93 19.52 18.26 17.13 3738 34.62 31.64 29.02 26.70 24.65 22.83 21.20 19.75 18.45 17.29 3839 35.44 32.32 29.58 27.17 25.04 23.15 21.47 19.97 18.64 17.44 3940 36.26 33.00 30.14 27.63 25.42 23.46 21.73 20.19 18.81 17.58 40

41 37.08 33.67 30.69 28.08 25.78 23.76 21.97 20.39 18.98 17.72 4142 37.89 34.33 31.23 28.52 26.14 24.06 22.21 20.59 19.14 17.86 4243 38.70 34.98 31.76 28.95 26.49 24.34 22.45 20.78 19.30 17.98 4344 39.51 35.63 32.28 29.37 26.83 24.62 22.67 20.96 19.44 18.10 4445 40.31 36.27 32.80 29.78 27.17 24.88 22.89 21.13 19.58 18.21 45

46 41.10 36.91 33.30 30.19 27.49 25.15 23.10 21.30 19.72 18.32 4647 41.90 37.54 33.80 30.59 27.81 25.40 23.30 21.46 19.85 18.43 4748 42.69 38.16 34.30 30.98 28.12 25.64 23.49 21.62 19.97 18.53 4849 43.47 38.78 34.78 31.36 28.42 25.88 23.68 21.77 20.09 18.62 4950 44.25 39.39 35.26 31.74 28.72 26.11 23.86 21.91 20.20 18.71 50

51 45.03 40.00 35.73 32.10 29.00 26.34 24.04 22.05 20.31 18.79 5152 45.80 40.60 36.20 32.47 29.28 26.56 24.21 22.18 20.42 18.87 5253 46.57 41.19 36.66 32.82 29.56 26.77 24.37 22.31 20.51 18.95 5354 47.34 41.78 37.11 33.17 29.82 26.97 24.53 22.43 20.61 19.03 5455 48.10 42.36 37.55 33.51 30.08 27.17 24.69 22.55 20.70 19.10 55

56 48.86 42.93 37.99 33.84 30.34 27.37 24.83 22.66 20.79 19.16 5657 49.61 43.50 38.42 34.17 30.59 27.56 24.98 22.77 20.87 19.23 5758 50.36 44.07 38.84 34.49 30.83 27.74 25.12 22.88 20.95 19.29 5859 51.11 44.63 39.26 34.80 31.06 27.92 25.25 22.98 21.03 19.34 5960 51.85 45.18 39.67 35.11 31.29 28.09 25.38 23.07 21.10 19.40 60

61 52.59 45.73 40.08 35.41 31.52 28.26 25.50 23.17 21.17 19.45 6162 53.33 46.27 40.48 35.70 31.74 28.42 25.62 23.26 21.24 19.50 6263 54.06 46.81 40.88 36.00 31.95 28.58 25.74 23.34 21.30 19.55 6364 54.79 47.34 41.26 36.28 32.16 28.73 25.85 23.42 21.36 19.59 6465 55.52 47.86 41.65 36.56 32.36 28.88 25.96 23.50 21.42 19.64 65

66 56.24 48.39 42.02 36.83 32.56 29.02 26.07 23.58 21.47 19.68 6667 56.95 48.90 42.40 37.10 32.75 29.16 26.17 23.65 21.53 19.72 6768 57.67 49.41 42.76 37.36 32.94 29.30 26.27 23.73 21.58 19.75 6869 58.38 49.92 43.12 37.62 33.13 29.43 26.36 23.79 21.63 19.79 6970 59.09 50.42 43.48 37.87 33.31 29.56 26.45 23.86 21.68 19.82 70

continued


65

Table 28 Multipliers for pecuniary loss for term certain continued

Multiplier for regular frequent payments for a term certain at rate of return of

Term 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0% Term

71 59.79 50.91 43.83 38.12 33.48 29.68 26.54 23.92 21.72 19.85 7172 60.49 51.41 44.17 38.36 33.65 29.80 26.63 23.98 21.76 19.88 7273 61.19 51.89 44.51 38.60 33.82 29.92 26.71 24.04 21.80 19.91 7374 61.88 52.37 44.85 38.83 33.98 30.03 26.79 24.10 21.84 19.94 7475 62.57 52.85 45.18 39.06 34.14 30.15 26.87 24.15 21.88 19.97 75

76 63.26 53.32 45.50 39.29 34.30 30.25 26.94 24.20 21.92 19.99 7677 63.94 53.79 45.82 39.51 34.45 30.36 27.01 24.25 21.95 20.02 7778 64.62 54.25 46.14 39.72 34.60 30.46 27.08 24.30 21.99 20.04 7879 65.29 54.71 46.45 39.93 34.74 30.56 27.15 24.35 22.02 20.06 7980 65.97 55.16 46.75 40.14 34.88 30.65 27.21 24.39 22.05 20.08 80


66


67

ACTUARIAL FORMULAE AND BASIS

The functions tabulated are:

Tables 1 and 2

Tables 3 and 4

Tables 5 and 6

Tables 7 and 8

Tables 9 and 10

Tables 11 and 12

Tables 13 and 14

Tables 15 and 16

Tables 17 and 18

Tables 19 and 20

Tables 21 and 22

Tables 23 and 24

Tables 25 and 26


68

Table 27:

Table 28:

• Mortality assumptions for 2004-based official population projections for the United Kingdom.

• Loadings: none.

• Rate of return: as stated in the Tables.


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