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Person-Centred Therapy and Psychodynamics Irreconcilable
differences
Grant BardsleyMSc Counselling Psychology
Keele University
Embeddeness of psychodynamics in PCT
PC objections to PD
Contemporary PDT and my own experiences
Potential extension of PCT repertoire
PD influence on emergence of PCT
Otto Rank
ldquoespecially are roots of client-centered
therapy to be found in the therapy of
Rankrdquo(Rogers 19514 in de Carvalho 1999)
Rogers articulation of personality change was substantially in accord with the goals and even metapsychological language of the then-prevailing psychoanalytical world ldquogreater integration less internal conflict more energy utilizable for effective living change in behaviour away from behaviour generally regarded as immature and toward behaviour regarded as maturerdquo (p95) Indeed these phrases reflect concepts embedded in both classical psychoanalysis (eg Freuds ldquostructuralrdquo and ldquohydraulicrdquo models) and object relations theory (eg Winnicots notions of independence)
(Farber 2007 290)
Embeddedness of PD in PCT
Introjection
Denial
Projection
Splitting
Transference
Regard complex(Mearns 200315 Merry 200428 Lambers 2003111 Mearns amp Cooper 2003
53 Rogers 1959 in Dillon 2007 32)
Edge of awareness
Mearns and Thorne propose a reconfiguration of the notion of the self to include subceived or edge of awareness material even that which is not yet accepted by the person as part of their self-concept
(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 175)
Overlap of PCTPDT interventionsTroemel-Ploetzs linguistic analysis
The linguistic properties of these (person-centred)interventions are just those that can be shown in effective interpreting restructuring and paradoxical interventions of other (psychodynamic) forms of psychotherapy
(1980 256)
Spontaneous response from Brodleywhy do you have the suspicion of yourself [manifest content]What I am speculating is you had an illness that was out of your controland it was dangerous for you And what is a natural human feeling under these circumstancesIts wanting to have control And so you started scrutinizing yourself wishing that you could have some control instead of just being thisvictimDo you think that mightbe the originYou werent trying to do anything to yourself you were trying to get control [latent content] (1987appendix B)
Objections to PDT
Directive
Client disempowerment ndash therapist as expert
Externalization of locus of evaluation
Unbridled powerwithout possibility of contradiction (Mearns amp Thorne 2000176)
Contemporary PDT
Relational interpersonal intersubjective approaches from Kohut Gill amp Stolorow (Kahn 1996)
Importance of empathy
Interpretations as offerings
Subject to rejection by client
Therapist fallibility
Insight as arrived at rather than imposed
Personal experience
Interpretation
Dreamwork
Transference
Extension of PCT repertoire
Client autonomy paramount but Functional non-directivity (Mearns amp Thorne 2000) may allow extension to range of interventions
Jeri(client) Okay Dave ndash tell me what I should do ndashshould I take this job or not
Dave(therapist) Take it Ring them now before they change their minds Its a great job
Jeri[pauses]No it doesnt feel rightI dont know whats wrong about it yetbut its not right
(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 191)
A place in PCT for
Empathic interpretation linking past to present
Consideration of transference phenomena
Dreamwork
ReferencesBrodley B (1987) A client-centred psychotherapy practice Retrieved
December 12th from httpworldstdcom~mbr2cctpracticehtmlF1
de Carvalho R (1999) Otto Rank the Rankian circle in Philadelphia and the origins of Carl Rogers person-centred psychotherapy History of psychology 2 2 132-148
Farber B (2007) On the enduring and substantial influence of Carl Rogers not quite necessary nor sufficient conditions Psychotherapy theory research practice training 44 3 289-294
Gillon E (2007) Person-centred counselling psychology An introduction London Sage
Kahn M (1996) Between therapist and client New York Holt Paperbacks
Mearns D amp Thorne B (2000) Person-centred therapy today London Sage
Merry T (2004) Classical client-centred therapy In P Sanders (Ed) The Tribes of the Person-Centred Nation (21-44) Ross-on-Wye PCCS Books
Troemel-Ploetz S (1980) Id come to you for therapy Interpretation redefinition and paradox in Rogerian therapy Psychotherapy theory research and practice 17 3 246-257
Embeddeness of psychodynamics in PCT
PC objections to PD
Contemporary PDT and my own experiences
Potential extension of PCT repertoire
PD influence on emergence of PCT
Otto Rank
ldquoespecially are roots of client-centered
therapy to be found in the therapy of
Rankrdquo(Rogers 19514 in de Carvalho 1999)
Rogers articulation of personality change was substantially in accord with the goals and even metapsychological language of the then-prevailing psychoanalytical world ldquogreater integration less internal conflict more energy utilizable for effective living change in behaviour away from behaviour generally regarded as immature and toward behaviour regarded as maturerdquo (p95) Indeed these phrases reflect concepts embedded in both classical psychoanalysis (eg Freuds ldquostructuralrdquo and ldquohydraulicrdquo models) and object relations theory (eg Winnicots notions of independence)
(Farber 2007 290)
Embeddedness of PD in PCT
Introjection
Denial
Projection
Splitting
Transference
Regard complex(Mearns 200315 Merry 200428 Lambers 2003111 Mearns amp Cooper 2003
53 Rogers 1959 in Dillon 2007 32)
Edge of awareness
Mearns and Thorne propose a reconfiguration of the notion of the self to include subceived or edge of awareness material even that which is not yet accepted by the person as part of their self-concept
(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 175)
Overlap of PCTPDT interventionsTroemel-Ploetzs linguistic analysis
The linguistic properties of these (person-centred)interventions are just those that can be shown in effective interpreting restructuring and paradoxical interventions of other (psychodynamic) forms of psychotherapy
(1980 256)
Spontaneous response from Brodleywhy do you have the suspicion of yourself [manifest content]What I am speculating is you had an illness that was out of your controland it was dangerous for you And what is a natural human feeling under these circumstancesIts wanting to have control And so you started scrutinizing yourself wishing that you could have some control instead of just being thisvictimDo you think that mightbe the originYou werent trying to do anything to yourself you were trying to get control [latent content] (1987appendix B)
Objections to PDT
Directive
Client disempowerment ndash therapist as expert
Externalization of locus of evaluation
Unbridled powerwithout possibility of contradiction (Mearns amp Thorne 2000176)
Contemporary PDT
Relational interpersonal intersubjective approaches from Kohut Gill amp Stolorow (Kahn 1996)
Importance of empathy
Interpretations as offerings
Subject to rejection by client
Therapist fallibility
Insight as arrived at rather than imposed
Personal experience
Interpretation
Dreamwork
Transference
Extension of PCT repertoire
Client autonomy paramount but Functional non-directivity (Mearns amp Thorne 2000) may allow extension to range of interventions
Jeri(client) Okay Dave ndash tell me what I should do ndashshould I take this job or not
Dave(therapist) Take it Ring them now before they change their minds Its a great job
Jeri[pauses]No it doesnt feel rightI dont know whats wrong about it yetbut its not right
(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 191)
A place in PCT for
Empathic interpretation linking past to present
Consideration of transference phenomena
Dreamwork
ReferencesBrodley B (1987) A client-centred psychotherapy practice Retrieved
December 12th from httpworldstdcom~mbr2cctpracticehtmlF1
de Carvalho R (1999) Otto Rank the Rankian circle in Philadelphia and the origins of Carl Rogers person-centred psychotherapy History of psychology 2 2 132-148
Farber B (2007) On the enduring and substantial influence of Carl Rogers not quite necessary nor sufficient conditions Psychotherapy theory research practice training 44 3 289-294
Gillon E (2007) Person-centred counselling psychology An introduction London Sage
Kahn M (1996) Between therapist and client New York Holt Paperbacks
Mearns D amp Thorne B (2000) Person-centred therapy today London Sage
Merry T (2004) Classical client-centred therapy In P Sanders (Ed) The Tribes of the Person-Centred Nation (21-44) Ross-on-Wye PCCS Books
Troemel-Ploetz S (1980) Id come to you for therapy Interpretation redefinition and paradox in Rogerian therapy Psychotherapy theory research and practice 17 3 246-257
PD influence on emergence of PCT
Otto Rank
ldquoespecially are roots of client-centered
therapy to be found in the therapy of
Rankrdquo(Rogers 19514 in de Carvalho 1999)
Rogers articulation of personality change was substantially in accord with the goals and even metapsychological language of the then-prevailing psychoanalytical world ldquogreater integration less internal conflict more energy utilizable for effective living change in behaviour away from behaviour generally regarded as immature and toward behaviour regarded as maturerdquo (p95) Indeed these phrases reflect concepts embedded in both classical psychoanalysis (eg Freuds ldquostructuralrdquo and ldquohydraulicrdquo models) and object relations theory (eg Winnicots notions of independence)
(Farber 2007 290)
Embeddedness of PD in PCT
Introjection
Denial
Projection
Splitting
Transference
Regard complex(Mearns 200315 Merry 200428 Lambers 2003111 Mearns amp Cooper 2003
53 Rogers 1959 in Dillon 2007 32)
Edge of awareness
Mearns and Thorne propose a reconfiguration of the notion of the self to include subceived or edge of awareness material even that which is not yet accepted by the person as part of their self-concept
(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 175)
Overlap of PCTPDT interventionsTroemel-Ploetzs linguistic analysis
The linguistic properties of these (person-centred)interventions are just those that can be shown in effective interpreting restructuring and paradoxical interventions of other (psychodynamic) forms of psychotherapy
(1980 256)
Spontaneous response from Brodleywhy do you have the suspicion of yourself [manifest content]What I am speculating is you had an illness that was out of your controland it was dangerous for you And what is a natural human feeling under these circumstancesIts wanting to have control And so you started scrutinizing yourself wishing that you could have some control instead of just being thisvictimDo you think that mightbe the originYou werent trying to do anything to yourself you were trying to get control [latent content] (1987appendix B)
Objections to PDT
Directive
Client disempowerment ndash therapist as expert
Externalization of locus of evaluation
Unbridled powerwithout possibility of contradiction (Mearns amp Thorne 2000176)
Contemporary PDT
Relational interpersonal intersubjective approaches from Kohut Gill amp Stolorow (Kahn 1996)
Importance of empathy
Interpretations as offerings
Subject to rejection by client
Therapist fallibility
Insight as arrived at rather than imposed
Personal experience
Interpretation
Dreamwork
Transference
Extension of PCT repertoire
Client autonomy paramount but Functional non-directivity (Mearns amp Thorne 2000) may allow extension to range of interventions
Jeri(client) Okay Dave ndash tell me what I should do ndashshould I take this job or not
Dave(therapist) Take it Ring them now before they change their minds Its a great job
Jeri[pauses]No it doesnt feel rightI dont know whats wrong about it yetbut its not right
(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 191)
A place in PCT for
Empathic interpretation linking past to present
Consideration of transference phenomena
Dreamwork
ReferencesBrodley B (1987) A client-centred psychotherapy practice Retrieved
December 12th from httpworldstdcom~mbr2cctpracticehtmlF1
de Carvalho R (1999) Otto Rank the Rankian circle in Philadelphia and the origins of Carl Rogers person-centred psychotherapy History of psychology 2 2 132-148
Farber B (2007) On the enduring and substantial influence of Carl Rogers not quite necessary nor sufficient conditions Psychotherapy theory research practice training 44 3 289-294
Gillon E (2007) Person-centred counselling psychology An introduction London Sage
Kahn M (1996) Between therapist and client New York Holt Paperbacks
Mearns D amp Thorne B (2000) Person-centred therapy today London Sage
Merry T (2004) Classical client-centred therapy In P Sanders (Ed) The Tribes of the Person-Centred Nation (21-44) Ross-on-Wye PCCS Books
Troemel-Ploetz S (1980) Id come to you for therapy Interpretation redefinition and paradox in Rogerian therapy Psychotherapy theory research and practice 17 3 246-257
Rogers articulation of personality change was substantially in accord with the goals and even metapsychological language of the then-prevailing psychoanalytical world ldquogreater integration less internal conflict more energy utilizable for effective living change in behaviour away from behaviour generally regarded as immature and toward behaviour regarded as maturerdquo (p95) Indeed these phrases reflect concepts embedded in both classical psychoanalysis (eg Freuds ldquostructuralrdquo and ldquohydraulicrdquo models) and object relations theory (eg Winnicots notions of independence)
(Farber 2007 290)
Embeddedness of PD in PCT
Introjection
Denial
Projection
Splitting
Transference
Regard complex(Mearns 200315 Merry 200428 Lambers 2003111 Mearns amp Cooper 2003
53 Rogers 1959 in Dillon 2007 32)
Edge of awareness
Mearns and Thorne propose a reconfiguration of the notion of the self to include subceived or edge of awareness material even that which is not yet accepted by the person as part of their self-concept
(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 175)
Overlap of PCTPDT interventionsTroemel-Ploetzs linguistic analysis
The linguistic properties of these (person-centred)interventions are just those that can be shown in effective interpreting restructuring and paradoxical interventions of other (psychodynamic) forms of psychotherapy
(1980 256)
Spontaneous response from Brodleywhy do you have the suspicion of yourself [manifest content]What I am speculating is you had an illness that was out of your controland it was dangerous for you And what is a natural human feeling under these circumstancesIts wanting to have control And so you started scrutinizing yourself wishing that you could have some control instead of just being thisvictimDo you think that mightbe the originYou werent trying to do anything to yourself you were trying to get control [latent content] (1987appendix B)
Objections to PDT
Directive
Client disempowerment ndash therapist as expert
Externalization of locus of evaluation
Unbridled powerwithout possibility of contradiction (Mearns amp Thorne 2000176)
Contemporary PDT
Relational interpersonal intersubjective approaches from Kohut Gill amp Stolorow (Kahn 1996)
Importance of empathy
Interpretations as offerings
Subject to rejection by client
Therapist fallibility
Insight as arrived at rather than imposed
Personal experience
Interpretation
Dreamwork
Transference
Extension of PCT repertoire
Client autonomy paramount but Functional non-directivity (Mearns amp Thorne 2000) may allow extension to range of interventions
Jeri(client) Okay Dave ndash tell me what I should do ndashshould I take this job or not
Dave(therapist) Take it Ring them now before they change their minds Its a great job
Jeri[pauses]No it doesnt feel rightI dont know whats wrong about it yetbut its not right
(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 191)
A place in PCT for
Empathic interpretation linking past to present
Consideration of transference phenomena
Dreamwork
ReferencesBrodley B (1987) A client-centred psychotherapy practice Retrieved
December 12th from httpworldstdcom~mbr2cctpracticehtmlF1
de Carvalho R (1999) Otto Rank the Rankian circle in Philadelphia and the origins of Carl Rogers person-centred psychotherapy History of psychology 2 2 132-148
Farber B (2007) On the enduring and substantial influence of Carl Rogers not quite necessary nor sufficient conditions Psychotherapy theory research practice training 44 3 289-294
Gillon E (2007) Person-centred counselling psychology An introduction London Sage
Kahn M (1996) Between therapist and client New York Holt Paperbacks
Mearns D amp Thorne B (2000) Person-centred therapy today London Sage
Merry T (2004) Classical client-centred therapy In P Sanders (Ed) The Tribes of the Person-Centred Nation (21-44) Ross-on-Wye PCCS Books
Troemel-Ploetz S (1980) Id come to you for therapy Interpretation redefinition and paradox in Rogerian therapy Psychotherapy theory research and practice 17 3 246-257
Embeddedness of PD in PCT
Introjection
Denial
Projection
Splitting
Transference
Regard complex(Mearns 200315 Merry 200428 Lambers 2003111 Mearns amp Cooper 2003
53 Rogers 1959 in Dillon 2007 32)
Edge of awareness
Mearns and Thorne propose a reconfiguration of the notion of the self to include subceived or edge of awareness material even that which is not yet accepted by the person as part of their self-concept
(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 175)
Overlap of PCTPDT interventionsTroemel-Ploetzs linguistic analysis
The linguistic properties of these (person-centred)interventions are just those that can be shown in effective interpreting restructuring and paradoxical interventions of other (psychodynamic) forms of psychotherapy
(1980 256)
Spontaneous response from Brodleywhy do you have the suspicion of yourself [manifest content]What I am speculating is you had an illness that was out of your controland it was dangerous for you And what is a natural human feeling under these circumstancesIts wanting to have control And so you started scrutinizing yourself wishing that you could have some control instead of just being thisvictimDo you think that mightbe the originYou werent trying to do anything to yourself you were trying to get control [latent content] (1987appendix B)
Objections to PDT
Directive
Client disempowerment ndash therapist as expert
Externalization of locus of evaluation
Unbridled powerwithout possibility of contradiction (Mearns amp Thorne 2000176)
Contemporary PDT
Relational interpersonal intersubjective approaches from Kohut Gill amp Stolorow (Kahn 1996)
Importance of empathy
Interpretations as offerings
Subject to rejection by client
Therapist fallibility
Insight as arrived at rather than imposed
Personal experience
Interpretation
Dreamwork
Transference
Extension of PCT repertoire
Client autonomy paramount but Functional non-directivity (Mearns amp Thorne 2000) may allow extension to range of interventions
Jeri(client) Okay Dave ndash tell me what I should do ndashshould I take this job or not
Dave(therapist) Take it Ring them now before they change their minds Its a great job
Jeri[pauses]No it doesnt feel rightI dont know whats wrong about it yetbut its not right
(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 191)
A place in PCT for
Empathic interpretation linking past to present
Consideration of transference phenomena
Dreamwork
ReferencesBrodley B (1987) A client-centred psychotherapy practice Retrieved
December 12th from httpworldstdcom~mbr2cctpracticehtmlF1
de Carvalho R (1999) Otto Rank the Rankian circle in Philadelphia and the origins of Carl Rogers person-centred psychotherapy History of psychology 2 2 132-148
Farber B (2007) On the enduring and substantial influence of Carl Rogers not quite necessary nor sufficient conditions Psychotherapy theory research practice training 44 3 289-294
Gillon E (2007) Person-centred counselling psychology An introduction London Sage
Kahn M (1996) Between therapist and client New York Holt Paperbacks
Mearns D amp Thorne B (2000) Person-centred therapy today London Sage
Merry T (2004) Classical client-centred therapy In P Sanders (Ed) The Tribes of the Person-Centred Nation (21-44) Ross-on-Wye PCCS Books
Troemel-Ploetz S (1980) Id come to you for therapy Interpretation redefinition and paradox in Rogerian therapy Psychotherapy theory research and practice 17 3 246-257
Edge of awareness
Mearns and Thorne propose a reconfiguration of the notion of the self to include subceived or edge of awareness material even that which is not yet accepted by the person as part of their self-concept
(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 175)
Overlap of PCTPDT interventionsTroemel-Ploetzs linguistic analysis
The linguistic properties of these (person-centred)interventions are just those that can be shown in effective interpreting restructuring and paradoxical interventions of other (psychodynamic) forms of psychotherapy
(1980 256)
Spontaneous response from Brodleywhy do you have the suspicion of yourself [manifest content]What I am speculating is you had an illness that was out of your controland it was dangerous for you And what is a natural human feeling under these circumstancesIts wanting to have control And so you started scrutinizing yourself wishing that you could have some control instead of just being thisvictimDo you think that mightbe the originYou werent trying to do anything to yourself you were trying to get control [latent content] (1987appendix B)
Objections to PDT
Directive
Client disempowerment ndash therapist as expert
Externalization of locus of evaluation
Unbridled powerwithout possibility of contradiction (Mearns amp Thorne 2000176)
Contemporary PDT
Relational interpersonal intersubjective approaches from Kohut Gill amp Stolorow (Kahn 1996)
Importance of empathy
Interpretations as offerings
Subject to rejection by client
Therapist fallibility
Insight as arrived at rather than imposed
Personal experience
Interpretation
Dreamwork
Transference
Extension of PCT repertoire
Client autonomy paramount but Functional non-directivity (Mearns amp Thorne 2000) may allow extension to range of interventions
Jeri(client) Okay Dave ndash tell me what I should do ndashshould I take this job or not
Dave(therapist) Take it Ring them now before they change their minds Its a great job
Jeri[pauses]No it doesnt feel rightI dont know whats wrong about it yetbut its not right
(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 191)
A place in PCT for
Empathic interpretation linking past to present
Consideration of transference phenomena
Dreamwork
ReferencesBrodley B (1987) A client-centred psychotherapy practice Retrieved
December 12th from httpworldstdcom~mbr2cctpracticehtmlF1
de Carvalho R (1999) Otto Rank the Rankian circle in Philadelphia and the origins of Carl Rogers person-centred psychotherapy History of psychology 2 2 132-148
Farber B (2007) On the enduring and substantial influence of Carl Rogers not quite necessary nor sufficient conditions Psychotherapy theory research practice training 44 3 289-294
Gillon E (2007) Person-centred counselling psychology An introduction London Sage
Kahn M (1996) Between therapist and client New York Holt Paperbacks
Mearns D amp Thorne B (2000) Person-centred therapy today London Sage
Merry T (2004) Classical client-centred therapy In P Sanders (Ed) The Tribes of the Person-Centred Nation (21-44) Ross-on-Wye PCCS Books
Troemel-Ploetz S (1980) Id come to you for therapy Interpretation redefinition and paradox in Rogerian therapy Psychotherapy theory research and practice 17 3 246-257
Overlap of PCTPDT interventionsTroemel-Ploetzs linguistic analysis
The linguistic properties of these (person-centred)interventions are just those that can be shown in effective interpreting restructuring and paradoxical interventions of other (psychodynamic) forms of psychotherapy
(1980 256)
Spontaneous response from Brodleywhy do you have the suspicion of yourself [manifest content]What I am speculating is you had an illness that was out of your controland it was dangerous for you And what is a natural human feeling under these circumstancesIts wanting to have control And so you started scrutinizing yourself wishing that you could have some control instead of just being thisvictimDo you think that mightbe the originYou werent trying to do anything to yourself you were trying to get control [latent content] (1987appendix B)
Objections to PDT
Directive
Client disempowerment ndash therapist as expert
Externalization of locus of evaluation
Unbridled powerwithout possibility of contradiction (Mearns amp Thorne 2000176)
Contemporary PDT
Relational interpersonal intersubjective approaches from Kohut Gill amp Stolorow (Kahn 1996)
Importance of empathy
Interpretations as offerings
Subject to rejection by client
Therapist fallibility
Insight as arrived at rather than imposed
Personal experience
Interpretation
Dreamwork
Transference
Extension of PCT repertoire
Client autonomy paramount but Functional non-directivity (Mearns amp Thorne 2000) may allow extension to range of interventions
Jeri(client) Okay Dave ndash tell me what I should do ndashshould I take this job or not
Dave(therapist) Take it Ring them now before they change their minds Its a great job
Jeri[pauses]No it doesnt feel rightI dont know whats wrong about it yetbut its not right
(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 191)
A place in PCT for
Empathic interpretation linking past to present
Consideration of transference phenomena
Dreamwork
ReferencesBrodley B (1987) A client-centred psychotherapy practice Retrieved
December 12th from httpworldstdcom~mbr2cctpracticehtmlF1
de Carvalho R (1999) Otto Rank the Rankian circle in Philadelphia and the origins of Carl Rogers person-centred psychotherapy History of psychology 2 2 132-148
Farber B (2007) On the enduring and substantial influence of Carl Rogers not quite necessary nor sufficient conditions Psychotherapy theory research practice training 44 3 289-294
Gillon E (2007) Person-centred counselling psychology An introduction London Sage
Kahn M (1996) Between therapist and client New York Holt Paperbacks
Mearns D amp Thorne B (2000) Person-centred therapy today London Sage
Merry T (2004) Classical client-centred therapy In P Sanders (Ed) The Tribes of the Person-Centred Nation (21-44) Ross-on-Wye PCCS Books
Troemel-Ploetz S (1980) Id come to you for therapy Interpretation redefinition and paradox in Rogerian therapy Psychotherapy theory research and practice 17 3 246-257
Spontaneous response from Brodleywhy do you have the suspicion of yourself [manifest content]What I am speculating is you had an illness that was out of your controland it was dangerous for you And what is a natural human feeling under these circumstancesIts wanting to have control And so you started scrutinizing yourself wishing that you could have some control instead of just being thisvictimDo you think that mightbe the originYou werent trying to do anything to yourself you were trying to get control [latent content] (1987appendix B)
Objections to PDT
Directive
Client disempowerment ndash therapist as expert
Externalization of locus of evaluation
Unbridled powerwithout possibility of contradiction (Mearns amp Thorne 2000176)
Contemporary PDT
Relational interpersonal intersubjective approaches from Kohut Gill amp Stolorow (Kahn 1996)
Importance of empathy
Interpretations as offerings
Subject to rejection by client
Therapist fallibility
Insight as arrived at rather than imposed
Personal experience
Interpretation
Dreamwork
Transference
Extension of PCT repertoire
Client autonomy paramount but Functional non-directivity (Mearns amp Thorne 2000) may allow extension to range of interventions
Jeri(client) Okay Dave ndash tell me what I should do ndashshould I take this job or not
Dave(therapist) Take it Ring them now before they change their minds Its a great job
Jeri[pauses]No it doesnt feel rightI dont know whats wrong about it yetbut its not right
(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 191)
A place in PCT for
Empathic interpretation linking past to present
Consideration of transference phenomena
Dreamwork
ReferencesBrodley B (1987) A client-centred psychotherapy practice Retrieved
December 12th from httpworldstdcom~mbr2cctpracticehtmlF1
de Carvalho R (1999) Otto Rank the Rankian circle in Philadelphia and the origins of Carl Rogers person-centred psychotherapy History of psychology 2 2 132-148
Farber B (2007) On the enduring and substantial influence of Carl Rogers not quite necessary nor sufficient conditions Psychotherapy theory research practice training 44 3 289-294
Gillon E (2007) Person-centred counselling psychology An introduction London Sage
Kahn M (1996) Between therapist and client New York Holt Paperbacks
Mearns D amp Thorne B (2000) Person-centred therapy today London Sage
Merry T (2004) Classical client-centred therapy In P Sanders (Ed) The Tribes of the Person-Centred Nation (21-44) Ross-on-Wye PCCS Books
Troemel-Ploetz S (1980) Id come to you for therapy Interpretation redefinition and paradox in Rogerian therapy Psychotherapy theory research and practice 17 3 246-257
Objections to PDT
Directive
Client disempowerment ndash therapist as expert
Externalization of locus of evaluation
Unbridled powerwithout possibility of contradiction (Mearns amp Thorne 2000176)
Contemporary PDT
Relational interpersonal intersubjective approaches from Kohut Gill amp Stolorow (Kahn 1996)
Importance of empathy
Interpretations as offerings
Subject to rejection by client
Therapist fallibility
Insight as arrived at rather than imposed
Personal experience
Interpretation
Dreamwork
Transference
Extension of PCT repertoire
Client autonomy paramount but Functional non-directivity (Mearns amp Thorne 2000) may allow extension to range of interventions
Jeri(client) Okay Dave ndash tell me what I should do ndashshould I take this job or not
Dave(therapist) Take it Ring them now before they change their minds Its a great job
Jeri[pauses]No it doesnt feel rightI dont know whats wrong about it yetbut its not right
(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 191)
A place in PCT for
Empathic interpretation linking past to present
Consideration of transference phenomena
Dreamwork
ReferencesBrodley B (1987) A client-centred psychotherapy practice Retrieved
December 12th from httpworldstdcom~mbr2cctpracticehtmlF1
de Carvalho R (1999) Otto Rank the Rankian circle in Philadelphia and the origins of Carl Rogers person-centred psychotherapy History of psychology 2 2 132-148
Farber B (2007) On the enduring and substantial influence of Carl Rogers not quite necessary nor sufficient conditions Psychotherapy theory research practice training 44 3 289-294
Gillon E (2007) Person-centred counselling psychology An introduction London Sage
Kahn M (1996) Between therapist and client New York Holt Paperbacks
Mearns D amp Thorne B (2000) Person-centred therapy today London Sage
Merry T (2004) Classical client-centred therapy In P Sanders (Ed) The Tribes of the Person-Centred Nation (21-44) Ross-on-Wye PCCS Books
Troemel-Ploetz S (1980) Id come to you for therapy Interpretation redefinition and paradox in Rogerian therapy Psychotherapy theory research and practice 17 3 246-257
Contemporary PDT
Relational interpersonal intersubjective approaches from Kohut Gill amp Stolorow (Kahn 1996)
Importance of empathy
Interpretations as offerings
Subject to rejection by client
Therapist fallibility
Insight as arrived at rather than imposed
Personal experience
Interpretation
Dreamwork
Transference
Extension of PCT repertoire
Client autonomy paramount but Functional non-directivity (Mearns amp Thorne 2000) may allow extension to range of interventions
Jeri(client) Okay Dave ndash tell me what I should do ndashshould I take this job or not
Dave(therapist) Take it Ring them now before they change their minds Its a great job
Jeri[pauses]No it doesnt feel rightI dont know whats wrong about it yetbut its not right
(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 191)
A place in PCT for
Empathic interpretation linking past to present
Consideration of transference phenomena
Dreamwork
ReferencesBrodley B (1987) A client-centred psychotherapy practice Retrieved
December 12th from httpworldstdcom~mbr2cctpracticehtmlF1
de Carvalho R (1999) Otto Rank the Rankian circle in Philadelphia and the origins of Carl Rogers person-centred psychotherapy History of psychology 2 2 132-148
Farber B (2007) On the enduring and substantial influence of Carl Rogers not quite necessary nor sufficient conditions Psychotherapy theory research practice training 44 3 289-294
Gillon E (2007) Person-centred counselling psychology An introduction London Sage
Kahn M (1996) Between therapist and client New York Holt Paperbacks
Mearns D amp Thorne B (2000) Person-centred therapy today London Sage
Merry T (2004) Classical client-centred therapy In P Sanders (Ed) The Tribes of the Person-Centred Nation (21-44) Ross-on-Wye PCCS Books
Troemel-Ploetz S (1980) Id come to you for therapy Interpretation redefinition and paradox in Rogerian therapy Psychotherapy theory research and practice 17 3 246-257
Personal experience
Interpretation
Dreamwork
Transference
Extension of PCT repertoire
Client autonomy paramount but Functional non-directivity (Mearns amp Thorne 2000) may allow extension to range of interventions
Jeri(client) Okay Dave ndash tell me what I should do ndashshould I take this job or not
Dave(therapist) Take it Ring them now before they change their minds Its a great job
Jeri[pauses]No it doesnt feel rightI dont know whats wrong about it yetbut its not right
(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 191)
A place in PCT for
Empathic interpretation linking past to present
Consideration of transference phenomena
Dreamwork
ReferencesBrodley B (1987) A client-centred psychotherapy practice Retrieved
December 12th from httpworldstdcom~mbr2cctpracticehtmlF1
de Carvalho R (1999) Otto Rank the Rankian circle in Philadelphia and the origins of Carl Rogers person-centred psychotherapy History of psychology 2 2 132-148
Farber B (2007) On the enduring and substantial influence of Carl Rogers not quite necessary nor sufficient conditions Psychotherapy theory research practice training 44 3 289-294
Gillon E (2007) Person-centred counselling psychology An introduction London Sage
Kahn M (1996) Between therapist and client New York Holt Paperbacks
Mearns D amp Thorne B (2000) Person-centred therapy today London Sage
Merry T (2004) Classical client-centred therapy In P Sanders (Ed) The Tribes of the Person-Centred Nation (21-44) Ross-on-Wye PCCS Books
Troemel-Ploetz S (1980) Id come to you for therapy Interpretation redefinition and paradox in Rogerian therapy Psychotherapy theory research and practice 17 3 246-257
Extension of PCT repertoire
Client autonomy paramount but Functional non-directivity (Mearns amp Thorne 2000) may allow extension to range of interventions
Jeri(client) Okay Dave ndash tell me what I should do ndashshould I take this job or not
Dave(therapist) Take it Ring them now before they change their minds Its a great job
Jeri[pauses]No it doesnt feel rightI dont know whats wrong about it yetbut its not right
(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 191)
A place in PCT for
Empathic interpretation linking past to present
Consideration of transference phenomena
Dreamwork
ReferencesBrodley B (1987) A client-centred psychotherapy practice Retrieved
December 12th from httpworldstdcom~mbr2cctpracticehtmlF1
de Carvalho R (1999) Otto Rank the Rankian circle in Philadelphia and the origins of Carl Rogers person-centred psychotherapy History of psychology 2 2 132-148
Farber B (2007) On the enduring and substantial influence of Carl Rogers not quite necessary nor sufficient conditions Psychotherapy theory research practice training 44 3 289-294
Gillon E (2007) Person-centred counselling psychology An introduction London Sage
Kahn M (1996) Between therapist and client New York Holt Paperbacks
Mearns D amp Thorne B (2000) Person-centred therapy today London Sage
Merry T (2004) Classical client-centred therapy In P Sanders (Ed) The Tribes of the Person-Centred Nation (21-44) Ross-on-Wye PCCS Books
Troemel-Ploetz S (1980) Id come to you for therapy Interpretation redefinition and paradox in Rogerian therapy Psychotherapy theory research and practice 17 3 246-257
A place in PCT for
Empathic interpretation linking past to present
Consideration of transference phenomena
Dreamwork
ReferencesBrodley B (1987) A client-centred psychotherapy practice Retrieved
December 12th from httpworldstdcom~mbr2cctpracticehtmlF1
de Carvalho R (1999) Otto Rank the Rankian circle in Philadelphia and the origins of Carl Rogers person-centred psychotherapy History of psychology 2 2 132-148
Farber B (2007) On the enduring and substantial influence of Carl Rogers not quite necessary nor sufficient conditions Psychotherapy theory research practice training 44 3 289-294
Gillon E (2007) Person-centred counselling psychology An introduction London Sage
Kahn M (1996) Between therapist and client New York Holt Paperbacks
Mearns D amp Thorne B (2000) Person-centred therapy today London Sage
Merry T (2004) Classical client-centred therapy In P Sanders (Ed) The Tribes of the Person-Centred Nation (21-44) Ross-on-Wye PCCS Books
Troemel-Ploetz S (1980) Id come to you for therapy Interpretation redefinition and paradox in Rogerian therapy Psychotherapy theory research and practice 17 3 246-257
ReferencesBrodley B (1987) A client-centred psychotherapy practice Retrieved
December 12th from httpworldstdcom~mbr2cctpracticehtmlF1
de Carvalho R (1999) Otto Rank the Rankian circle in Philadelphia and the origins of Carl Rogers person-centred psychotherapy History of psychology 2 2 132-148
Farber B (2007) On the enduring and substantial influence of Carl Rogers not quite necessary nor sufficient conditions Psychotherapy theory research practice training 44 3 289-294
Gillon E (2007) Person-centred counselling psychology An introduction London Sage
Kahn M (1996) Between therapist and client New York Holt Paperbacks
Mearns D amp Thorne B (2000) Person-centred therapy today London Sage
Merry T (2004) Classical client-centred therapy In P Sanders (Ed) The Tribes of the Person-Centred Nation (21-44) Ross-on-Wye PCCS Books
Troemel-Ploetz S (1980) Id come to you for therapy Interpretation redefinition and paradox in Rogerian therapy Psychotherapy theory research and practice 17 3 246-257