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OVERVIEW OF TUNNELS CONSTRUCTION IN
INDONESIA
AND IRE RESEARCH
MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HOUSING
AGENCY OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
INSTITUTE OF ROAD ENGINEERING
Fahmi Aldiamar Hardiansyah Putra
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BACKGROUND :
1. National transportation system in Indonesia
2. Obstacle in land transportation
3. Geological condition in Indonesia
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Background
National transportation system in Indonesia:
Land transportation
Road
Railway
Air transportation
Sea transportation
Based on data by Directorate General of land, air and sea,
2010
Road transportation is dominant
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Background ROUTE SELECTIONPHYSICAL OBSTACLES
RIVER or SEA MOUNTAINOUS or HILLY AREASPACE LIMITATION
at URBAN AREA
Immersed Tunnel Shield Tunnel Mountain Tunnel Underpass
ROCK MIX FACE SOFT GROUNDSOIL/ ROCK MASS CLASSIFICATION
Note:Thickness of overburden > 1,5 times of tunnel diameter
Cross section for 2 lanes or multi purpose tunnel
Note:Thickness of overburden > 1,5 times of tunnel diameter
Cross section for up to 3 lanes
Note:Thickness of overburden > 1,5 times of tunnel diameter
Cross section for up to 4 lanes
Note:Thickness of overburden > 1,5 times of tunnel diameter
Cross section for 2 lanes or multi purpose tunnel
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Background
Obstacle in land transportation:
Space limitation and land acquitition problems, especially in
urban area.
Topography difficulties especially in mountainous area
Environment issue, to avoide the disturbence of productive
land
(agriculture, factory, etc) or sanctuary
Tunnels and underground space utilization is one of the possible
problem solver
Underground space utilization for mass transportation integrated
with industial and business center
Mountain tunnel can solve topography and environmental issue
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Background Geological condition in Indonesia
Varied geological rock
formation in Indonesia
shown a complex
characterization due to the
tectonic condition.
Tunneling in this complex
geological condition could
become more risky,
because of the possibility
of instability of tunnel
during excavation.
Instability can arise from:
lack of stand-up time, as in
non-cohesive sands and
gravels (especially below
the water table) and weak
cohesive soils with high
water content or in blocky
and seamy rock; adverse
orientation of joint and
fracture planes;
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Background Example of instability during excavation due to
geological problem
INSTABILITY OF LOOSE SAND
MIX FACE INSTABILITY
INSTABILITY OF ROCK: JOINT
AND FRACTURE PLANES
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TUNNEL HISTORIES IN INDONESIA
1. Hydropower plant tunnel
2. Railway tunnel
3. Road tunnel
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Tunnel histories in
Indonesia
Hydropower plant and
diversion tunnel
Asahan Hydropower tunnel, North Sumatera
Jatigede Diversion Tunnel , West Java Constructed in 2011
Tunnel construction for hydropower plant and dam purpose are
more common and recently constructed in Indonesia
Drilling and blasting
Marking phase
Geological condition evaluation
Tunnel excavation phase
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Tunnel histories in Indonesia
Method of tunneling at Jatigede diversion tunnel:
Drill and Blast
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Tunnel histories in Indonesia
Tunnel support used at Jatigede diversion tunnel:
Forepolling
Steel rib & lattice arc girder
Shotcrete
Rock bolt Forepolling at tunnel portal, installed before
blasting at initial excavation
Shotcrete as slope reinforcement of diversion tunnel
Rock bolt for reinforcing slope on the side part of diversion
tunnel (Source: Bemby Sunaryo, 2014)
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Steel rib
Lattice arc girder
(Source: Bemby Sunaryo, 2014)
