Periodic Table

1

BR: The periodic table of elements is arranged in order of increasing ________________.

atomic number

2

SPS4. Investigate the

arrangement of the Periodic Table.

a. Determine the trends of the following:

• Location of metals, nonmetals, and

metalloids

• Phases at room temperature

b. Use the periodic table to predict the

above properties for representative

elements.

3

Groups

4

Complete the large PT first

5

Blue Metals

Red

Non-metals

Purple

Metalloids

Small Table 2 Small Table 1 Blue-These

elements are

LIQUID at

room temp.:

Mercury

Bromine

Green-These

elements are GAS

at room temp.:

Hydrogen

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Fluorine

Chlorine

ALL NOBLE

GASES

Yellow-All other elements on

the periodic table are SOLID at

room temperature.

Timed Challenge: How many words

can you make using the chemical

symbols in the Periodic Table?

• You may use the symbols more than once

in a word, but you cannot mix up the

letters.

• You must provide the symbols (in correct

format) as well as the word.

– Examples:

• He + At = Heat

• N + O + B + O + Dy = Nobody

6

MASS TO MASS

7

8

9

Trends and Patterns

• GROUPS (Families): 18 columns

• PERIOD: 7 rows

• In order by atomic number

• Elements in the same group have similar

properties

10

11

Group 1: Alkali Metals

• Soft and shiny

• Reacts violently with water

• Not found in elemental form in nature

• 1 valence electron

• Ex: sodium and potassium

Lithium reacting with water 12

13

Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals

• Harder, more dense, stronger, and less

reactive than alkali metals

• 2 valence electrons

• Ex: calcium barium

calcium

14

15

Groups 3-13: Transition Metals

• Can lose electrons to form positive ions

• Harder, more dense, and higher melting

points

• Ex:

16

17

Group 17: Halogens

• Seven valence electrons

• Most reactive nonmetal

• Combine with metals to form salts

• Ex:

chlorine

18

19

Group 18: Noble Gases

• “Inert”—unreactive

• Do not form compounds

• Ex:

helium

neon

20

21

LANTHANIDES AND ACTINIDES (INNER TRANSITION METALS)

Elements 57-71 & 89-103:

Lanthanides & Actinides • Lanthanides

– Have at least one stable isotope

– Useful to industry

• Actinides

– Unstable nucleus (radioactive)

– Nuclear reactors and bombs

• Both are highly reactive w/ halogens

helium

plutonium

22

BR: The columns of the

periodic table are called

“_______” and the rows are

called “_______”.

EQ: How many groups and

periods are there on the

periodic table? 23

groups period

PT Trends Concept Check

24

?????????????????????????

???????

?

Turn in Your Vocabulary

Complete All Colored Tables

Blue-These

elements are

LIQUID at

room temp.:

Mercury

Bromine

Green-These

elements are GAS

at room temp.:

Hydrogen

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Fluorine

Chlorine

ALL NOBLE

GASES

Yellow-All other elements on

the periodic table are SOLID at

room temperature. 25

Blue Metals

Red

Non-metals

Purple

Metalloids

Small Table 1 Small Table 2

26

Metals/Metalloids/Non-metals

27

Use your colored tables to find the following:

• Liquid transition metal

• Halogen in period 5

• Period 4 Noble Gas

• State of matter for most

elements

• Metalloid in group 14

• Most reactive element

in period 3

28

Mercury-Hg

Iodine-I

Krypton-Kr

Solid

Silicon-Si

Sodium-Na

Use your colored tables to find the following:

• Liquids

• Halogen in period 2

• Period 3 Noble Gas

• Most reactive nonmetal

element in period 3

29

Br & Hg

Fluorine-F

Argon-Ar

Chlorine-Cl

Agenda

• Review Periodic Trends

• Discuss Valence Electron Trend

• Study Island-Periodic Table

• PT Trends Check Part A

30

Valence Electrons

• Electrons found in the outermost energy

level of an atom

• Determine the chemical properties of an

element.

31

Group Properties

• Elements in the

same group have

the same number of

valence electrons

Example: hydrogen, lithium, and

sodium are in the same group. They

all have 1 valence electron.

32

Valence

Electrons

Gained/Lose/

Share

Charge Example

Group 1 Na1+

Group 2 Mg2+

Groups 3-12

Group 13 B3+

Group 14 C4+

Group15 N3-

Group 16 O2-

Group 17 F1-

Group 18 -- -- -- 33

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Lose 1

Lose 3

Lose 2

Gain/Lose/Share

Gain 3

Gain 2

Gain 1

-3

+2

+3

+4 or -4

+1

-2

-1

34

+1 +2 +3 +/-

4 -3 -2 -1

N

O

N

E

POSITIVE

BR: The columns of the

periodic table are called

“_______” and the rows are

called “_______”.

EQ: How many groups and

periods are there on the

periodic table?

18 groups

7 periods 35

groups period

BR: Most elements on the

periodic table are

(metal, nonmetal, metalloid)

EQ: Most elements are in

the (solid, liquid, gas)

phase.

36

BR: Define “valence

electrons”.

Electrons found in the

outermost energy level

of an atom.

• EQ: How many

valence electrons

does oxygen have?

6 ve-

37

BR: Define “valence

electrons”.

Electrons found in the

outermost energy level

of an atom.

38

How many valence

electrons are found in

the atoms of each

element:

1. Sodium

2. Bromine

3. Oxygen

1

7

6

39

40

41

???????????????

Metals/Metalloids/Non-metals

42

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????

43

+1 +2 +3 +/-

4 -3 -2 -1

N

O

N

E

POSITIVE

?????????????????

???????

PT Trends Concept Check

44

?????????????????????????

???????

?

EQ: What charge is appropriate for:

1. Sodium

2. Bromine

3. Oxygen

+1

-1

-2

45

Br: Without looking at the

periodic table, can you name

these groups?

Group 1

Group 2

Groups 3-13

Group 17

Group 18

EQ: How do you find the

number of neutrons?

Mass # - Atomic #

Alkali metals

Alkaline earth metals

Transition metals Halogens

Noble gases

46

• State whether each

element below is a

metal, nonmetal, or

metalloid.

– Calcium

– Nickel

– Boron

– Iodine

metal

metal

metalloid

nonmetal

47

1. The most reactive

metals:

2. The most reactive

nonmetals:

3. The least reactive

elements:

Alkali metals

Halogens

Noble gases

48

49

electron

neutron

proton

50

Element Name

Atomic Mass

(when you round it, it

becomes the mass number)

Element Symbol

Atomic Number

“Counting”

Atomic Number

Atomic # = Protons

Mass Number

Mass # = Protons + Neutrons

Protons

Protons = atomic #

Neutrons

Neutrons = Mass # - Protons

Electrons Electrons = Protons - Charge

51

52

10

Ne Neon

20.1797

12

Mg Magnesium

24.305

13

Al Aluminum

26.981

50

Sn Tin

118.710

p+ : 1o no: 10

p+ : 12 no: 12

p+ : 13 no: 14

p+ : 50 no: 69