PERIOD 3 REVIEW

Brilliant American general who invaded Canada, foiled Burgoyne’s invasion, then betrayed his country in 1780

Benedict Arnold

Shrewd and calculated American diplomat who forged the alliance with France and later secured a generous peace treaty

Benjamin Franklin

The decisive early battle of the Revolution that led to an alliance with France

Saratoga

A wealthy Virginian of great character and leadership abilities who served his country without pay

George Washington

The British defeat that led to the end of the war

Yorktown

A radical British immigrant who put an end to American support of King George

Thomas Paine

Inspired universal awareness of the American Revolution as a fight for the belief that “all men are created equal”

Declaration of Independence

• Stirred growing colonial support for declaring independence from Britain

Common Sense

TRUE OR FALSE• The American Revolution created a substantial, though

not radical, push in the direction of social and political equality.

True

The movement toward the separation of church and state in America was greatly accelerated by the disestablishment of the Anglican church in Virginia.

True

• The Revolutionary ideal of republican motherhood emphasized the central role of women in raising selfless, virtuous citizens necessary to sustain self-government

True

Speculation, profiteering, and inflation weakened the economy and spurred social discontent during the years of rule under the Articles of Confederation.

True

The greatest failure of the national government, under the Articles of Confederation, was its inability to deal with the issue of western lands.

False. Handling the western lands was the greatest and almost only success of the national government under the Articles of Confederation

The US Congress, under the Articles of Confederation, was extremely weak because it had no power to regulate commerce or impose taxes on the states.

True

The Northwest Ordinance established the western territories as permanent colonies of the federal government.

False. The ordinance set up an orderly process by which territories could become states, with a status equal to the original thirteen

Shays’s Rebellion significantly strengthened the movement for a stronger central government by raising fears that the United States was falling into anarchy and mob rule.

True

• The states sent delegates to Philadelphia in 1787 for the purpose of discarding the Articles of Confederation and writing a new Constitution with a strong central government.

False. The original intent was to simply amend the Articles of Confederation

The Great Compromise between large and small states resulted in an House of Representatives based on population and a Senate with equal representation

True

Group that failed to block the idea of a central government but did force the promise of a bill of rights

Anti-federalists

Original American governmental charter of 1781 that was put out of business by the Constitution

Articles of Confederation

Father of the Constitution

James Madison

Young New Yorker who argued for the Constitution even though he favored an even stronger central government

Alexander Hamilton

True or False

The primary forces threatening American national security and unity in the 1790’s were the international wars set off by the French Revolution

True

Hamilton’s basic purpose in all his financial measures was to strengthen the federal government by building up a larger national debt.

True

Hamilton financed his large national debt by revenues from tariffs and excise taxes on products such as whiskey.

True

The first political rebellion against the new United States government was by frontier whiskey distillers who hated Hamilton’s excise tax on alcohol.

True

Jefferson and his followers turned against the French Revolution when it turned radically violent in the Reign of Terror.

False. Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans still defended the French Revolution as regrettable but necessary.

President Washington believed that America was so powerful that it could afford to remain neutral in the wars between Britain and France.

False. Washington believed that the United States was so weak that it had to remain neutral in order to remain independent.

The Alien laws were a reasonable Federalist attempt to limit uncontrolled immigration into the United States and prevent French revolutionaries from weakening American national security.

False. The Alien Acts were extreme measures that reflected public fears of foreigners and Federalist political interests.

A protest by poor western farmers that was firmly suppressed by Washington and Hamilton

Whiskey Rebellion

Body organized by the Judiciary Act of 1789 and first headed by John Jay

Supreme Court

The second president of the United States, whose Federalist enemies and political weaknesses undermined his administration

John Adams

Institution established by Hamilton to create a stable currency and bitterly opposed by states’ rights advocates

Bank of the United States

General Anthony Wayne’s victory over the Miami Indians that brought the Ohio territory under American control

Battle of Fallen Timbers

Message telling Americans to avoid unnecessary foreign entanglements—a reflection of the foreign policy of its author

Washington’s farewell address

Secret code name for three French agents who attempted to extract bribes from American diplomats in 1797

X, Y, Z