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Perfection in Detail:Specialty Gases from Westfalen.
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Gases for special requirements.
They are used in ever more industrial and high technology processes, in research and science, in medicine and environmental technology: specialty gases.
This term covers a wide spectrum of the highest qualities of gases. These include:- High purity gases- Gas mixtures- Isotopes and isotope mixtures
The Westfalen product range represents the total diversity of specialty gases: over 100 high purity gases and standardised gas mixtures com-prise the foundations.
We also manufacture gas mixtures, and often do so to individual customer specifications. Some 180 components are available for this.
You can also obtain application-specific iso-topes and their mixtures, optimally adapted to each individual case.
Westfalen´s Specialty
Gases Centre is connected
directly to the air separa-
tion plant. The air gases
argon, oxygen and nitro-
gen can therefore be filled
directly.
The seal of quality: “Made in Hörstel” - accreditation included.
Westfalen´s Specialty Gases Centre in Hörstel, near the university town of Osnabrück, is geared towards the highest precision, with the entiremanufacturing process being subject to the strictest quality guidelines and incorporated into our certified quality management system meeting DIN EN ISO 9001. The Specialty Gases Centre is also an accredited testing and calibration labo-ratory meeting DIN EN ISO 17025. This double accreditation by the German accreditation body, the Deutsche Akkreditierungsstelle (DAkks), pro-vides Westfalen with certification of competence at the highest level. In line with this, the techni-cal environment is also to the latest standard. Combined with the know-how of experienced practitioners, our Specialty Gases Centre provides excellent solutions for even highly complex requirements.
From normal to special.The routes taken by a gas of conventional
quality in order to become a specialty gas are very varied. The shortest routes are taken by the air gases argon, oxygen and nitrogen: we produce purities of up to 99.9999 vol. % in a high per-formance air separation plant, just a few metres away from the Specialty Gases Centre. A specially-designed pipework system allows direct filling of pressurised gas cylinders and other containers, reliably ruling out contamination resulting from transfilling processes.
The manufacture of gas mixtures is dependant on the number and properties of the individual components. The usual recipes – such as for example synthetic air – as listed products are always available. Gas mixtures to individual specifications, as well as isotopes and isotope mixtures, are manufactured as required in the relevant quantity. Where for a given application no gas recipe is yet defined, we would be pleased to develop these by means of the specified performance characteristics.
In order to be able to meet even the most unusual requests, we‘re constantly on the out-look for sources of particularly rare components.
Gas cylinder pre-conditioning.To ensure the high quality of the manufactured
gases right through the entire supply chain, the “packaging” also requires great care. Depending on the type of gas and its proper-ties, cylinders made of aluminium or steel are
In the baking furnace,
specialty gas cylinders are
pre-conditioned in order
to avoid contamination.
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used. Steel cylinders are initially subjected to an internal inspection, which allows potential deposits to be identified and removed by polishing of the inner surface. This procedure is unnecessary for aluminium cylinders.
In order not to compromise purity or mixture accuracy, regardless of material the atmosphere in the cylinder is neutralised. Baking of the container, combined with alternating pressure rinsing, rules out contamination by moisture or unwanted air components.
The pre-conditioning of cylinders for particularly sensitive gas mixtures even goes one step further: so-called “passivation” prevents unwanted inter-actions of individual components of a mixture with the inner surface of the gas cylinder.
Reliable quality control.We ensure the perfect quality of the produced
specialty gases in the form of a concluding analysis.
An extensive range of equipment is available for this, comprising gas chromatographs with special detectors, analysers that are specific to gas type and a mass spectrometer to establish the isotopic composition of an element.
We automatically issue test certificates for gases of 5.5 purity (99.9995 vol. %) or higher. Test gases are also generally supplied with an analysis certificate. We also check and document the quality of entire batches if desired.
Irrespective of the manufacture of specialty gases, our know-how is also available for the investigation of your samples. Dependent on scope, the analysis may be performed directly on site or in our laboratory.
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The filling of high purity
gases is done separately
from other gases. This has
its own cylinder stock.
Certificates provide
information on
analysis r esults.
Analysis of your own
samples forms part of
our scope of supply.
Our equipment – in this
case an analysis device
for measuring oxygen
content – can in many
cases allow sample
analysis to be performed
directly on site.
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Where conventional industrial gases reach their limits, high purity gases provide the user with benefits: above-average gas qualities release new potential, so increasing flexibility and profitability.
Very close to absolute purity.We produce the air gases argon, oxygen and
nitrogen in modern air separation plants with purity grades of up to 99.9999 vol. %.
In the specification, in addition to the relevant main component, we also show the subsidiary components as these may also be relevant in certain applications. These are declared in parts per million (vol.-ppm), not in percent by volume (vol. %). One part per million corresponds to 0.0001 percent by volume.
Always at the optimum.Not all gases can be economically brought to
the limit of absolute purity. Additionally, due to their chemical and physical properties, a few substances set natural limits.
The high purity gases range from Westfalen however is geared towards the relevant achievable optimum and so opens up every possibility.
Pure quality: High purity gases.
In the context of
quality control of high
purity gases, the moisture
content of the gas is
checked using a dew
point measuring device.
Extensive storage and
transhipment capacities are
available to quickly supply
the gases needed.
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Gas production at the
highest level: the air
separation plants in
Laichingen (see picture,
between Stuttgart and
Ulm) and Hörstel (near
Osnabrück) and at
Le Creusot in France
(Burgundy).
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Security of supply:
Westfalen‘s helium con-
tainers travel the world
around the clock on a
"procurement tour“.
The destination is Hörstel ,
near Osnabrück, where the
noble gas is transferred
into a range of containers.
The so-called Dewars are
one particular form of
container in which liquid
helium can be transported.
Westfalen produces high
purity hydrogen in a plant
run as a joint venture. For
cost-effective supply we
use (among other
solutions) a specially
developed trailer with a
transport capacity some
50 % greater than conven-
tional systems. These units
can also act as temporary
back-ups for stationary
supply facilities.Hydrogen
Helium
First and second: Hydrogen and helium.The first two elements in the periodic table are
hydrogen and helium. Both gases are extremely versatile and in demand. They facilitate numerous applications in industry and the laboratory, im-prove processes, assure quality and increase pro-ductivity and profitability.
While the Earth was forming, 999 out of every 1,000 particles of matter were hydrogen. This has settled down over the intervening period, but nonetheless this "primeval gas“ today remains one of the most widespread elements in the uni-verse. Westfalen produces around 21 million standard cubic meters of hydrogen a year as part of a joint venture. The high 99.999 percent by volume purity coupled with outstanding application and supply technology know-how ensure partic- ular benefit to the user.
Demand for helium has risen enormously over recent years, and as a result the noble gas isn‘t always available everywhere. Westfalen has therefore concluded long-term contracts guaran-teeing worldwide access to various sources, so securing your helium supply. We offer high purity helium at grades of up to 6.0, corresponding to 99.9999 percent by volume. We also provide the inert gas in cryogenic liquefied form or as a component for mixtures.
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The complete range: Westfalen high purity gases.
Westfalen high purity gases.Product Purity
(pointnotation)
Delivery mode 1) Pressure 2)
(barat 15 °C)
high pressure cylinder geometric volume in litres
for large usersmobile tank truck3)
Acetylene (C2H2) 2.6 10 20 50 - - 4)
Ammonia (NH3) 3.8 12 27 51 79 127 drum - 7.35.0 10 50 - - 7.3
Argon (Ar) 4.8 5 10 20 50 bundle X - 2005.0 10 50 bundle X - 2005.5 5) 10 50 bundle X - 2006.0 5) 10 50 bundle X X 200
1,3-Butadiene (C4H6) 2.5 12 27 - - 2n-Butane (C4H10) 2.5 27 79 - - 1.8
3.5 12 27 - - 1.81-Butene (C4H8) 2.0 27 - - 2.3Carbon dioxide (CO2) 3.0 13.4 50 - - 50
4.5 1 2 3 13.4 50 - - 505.0 13.4 50 - - 50
Carbon monoxide (CO) 2.0 10 50 - - 1503.0 10 50 - - 1503.7 10 50 - - 1504.7 10 50 - - 150
Chlorine (Cl2) 2.5 2 10 - - 5.8Ethane (C2H6) 2.0 10 50 - - 33.8
3.5 10 50 - - 33.8Ethene (C2H4) 2.5 10 50 - - 50.4
3.5 10 50 - - 50.4Ethylene oxide (C2H4O) 2.5 12 27 - - 1.2Helium (He) 4.6 2 10 20 50 bundle - trailer 200
5.0 10 50 bundle - - 200ECD 5) 50 - - 2005.5 5) 10 50 bundle - - 2006.0 5) 10 50 bundle - - 200
liquid dewar ISO container 9)
Hydrogen (H2) 5.0 10 50 bundlebundle
- - 2006.0 5) 10 50 - - 200
Hydrogen chloride (HCl) 2.5 10 50 - - 38Hydrosulphide (H2S) 2.5 10 40 - - 15.7Isobutane (C4H10) 2.5 12 27 61 - - 2.6
3.5 12 27 - - 2.6Isobutene (C4H8) 2.0 12 27 - - 2.1Krypton (Kr) 4.0 2 10 50 - - 6)
4.7 2 10 50 - - 6)
5.0 2 10 50 - - 6)
Methane (CH4) 2.5 10 50 bundle - - 2003.5 10 50 - - 2004.5 10 50 - - 2005.5 10 50 - - 200
Natural gas H 8) 10 50 bundle - - 200Neon (Ne) 4.0 2 10 50 - - 7)
4.5 2 10 50 - - 7)
5.0 2 10 50 - - 7)
Nitric oxide (NO) 2.0 10 50 - - 40
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Further high purity gases on request, for example:carbonyl sulphide, cis-2-Butene, cyclopropane, ethylamine, ethylmercaptane, hexafluoroethane (R-116), methylamine, methylmercaptane, methyl vinyl ether, octafluorocyclobutane (R-318), octafluoropropane (R-218), trans-2-Butene, vinyl chloride.1) for high purity gases in Alumini® pressure cans and mini cylinders, please ask for our separate brochure, further delivery modes on request
2) italic: filling pressure at 15 °C, all others: vapour pressure at 15 °C
3) delivery in tank vehicle for filling of stationary tanks
4) dependent on filling mass, in accordance with cylinder stamping
5) test certificates for purities > 5.0 are issued automatically
6) content variable by weight
7) content by weight8) H = High-Gas: natural gas with higher methane content (around 84-99 %)9) on request
For detailed information on properties and physical data, please request the relevant product datasheet.
Westfalen high purity gases.Product Purity
(pointnotation)
Delivery mode 1) Pressure 2)
(barat 15 °C)
high pressure cylindergeometric volume in litres
for large usersmobile tank truck3)
Nitrogen (N2) 4.8 10 20 50 bundle X - 2005.0 10 50 bundle X - 200
ECD 5) 50 - - 2005.5 5) 10 50 bundle - - 2006.0 5) 10 50 bundle X X 200
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) 1.8 10 - - 0.8Nitrous oxide (N2O) 1.8 2 3 45
5.0 10 45Oxygen (O2) 4.5 10 50 bundle X X 200
5.0 10 50 bundle X X 2005.5 5) 10 50 X X 2006.0 5) 10 50 bundle X X 200
Propane (C3H8) 2.5 12 27 61 drum - 7.43.5 12 27 7.4
Propene (C3H6) 2.5 12 27 61 - - 9Sulphur dioxide (SO2) 3.0 10 50 - - 2.7Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) 3.0 10 40 - - 19Tetrafluoromethane (CF4) 2.8 10 40 - - 6)
4.5 10 50 - - 6)
Xenon (Xe) 4.0 2 10 - - 6)
4.7 2 10 - - 6)
5.0 2 10 - - 6)
Examples: Nitrogen 5.5 — purity 99.9995 vol. % (= 5 “nines”, last number “5”)Oxygen 6.0 — purity 99.99990 vol. % (= 6 “nines”, last number “0”)
The point notation.A common way to indicate gas purities is the point notation – an abbreviated form of the percentage figure. The number before the point defines the number of “nines”. The number behind the point is the first number that is not “nine”. Product labels contain purity data and important information on handling gases.
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In daily conversation different terms may be used for one and the same product. The follow-ing overview clarifies the relationship between these:
Product designationWestfalen
Variant product designation acc. to IUPAC*
Common synonyms
Acetylene Ethyne Carbide gasAmmonia - R-717Argon - -Boron trichloride - Boron chloride, trichlorborane1,3-Butadiene - Butadienen-Butane - Butane, R-6001-Butene - 1-Butylenecis-2-Butene - cis-Butylene-(2)trans-2-Butene - trans-Butylene-(2)Carbon dioxide - Carbonic acid, carbonic acid
anhydride, R-744Carbon monoxide - Carbon oxideCarbonyl sulphide - Carbon oxide sulphide,
carbon oxysulphideChlorine - -Cyclopropane - TrimethyleneEthane - -Ethene - EthyleneEthylene oxide Oxirane 1,2-EpoxyethaneHelium - -Hydrogen - -Hydrogen chloride - Hydrochloric-acid gasHydrogen fluoride - Hydrofluoric acidHydrogen sulphide - -
A list of names: Nomenclature of high purity gases.
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Product designationWestfalen
Variant product designation acc. to IUPAC*
Common synonyms
Isobutane 2-Methylpropane Trimethylmethane, R-600aIsobutene 2-Methylpropene -Krypton - -Methane - -Methylmercaptane Methane thiol Methyl sulphydrateMonoethylamine Ethylamine -Monomethylamine Methylamine AminomethaneNeon - -Nitric oxide - -Nitrogen - -Nitrogen dioxide - Dinitrogen tetroxideNitrous oxide - Laughing gasOxygen - -Propane - R-290Propene - Propylene, R-1270Silane - Monosilane, silicon hydride,
silicon tetrahydrideSulphur dioxide - -Sulphur hexafluoride - -Tetrafluoromethane - R-14, carbon tetrafluoride Vinyl chloride Chloroethene -Vinyl methyl ether Methyl vinyl ether MethoxyetheneXenon - -
* International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
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Precise to the millionth part: Gas mixtures.
Perfectionism, attention to detail, the joy of innovation, knowledge and capability. The manufacture of gas mixtures requires much of all this. All the more so because the requirements are high, and becoming even higher.
So admixtures in the ppm or even ppb range are increasingly becoming the standard for test and reference gases. Even gas mixtures
containing many individual components in precisely-defined amounts are no longer a rarity.
Manufacture to individual customer specifica-tions for the range of highly specialised applica-tions is becoming more important. To do
this we either implement compositions that are already specifically defined, or we develop a new gas mixture based upon the required prop- erties. The results to date, with more than 10,000 recipes of up to 20 components being so far realised, document the performance and customer focus of our Specialty Gases Centre.
We also carry over the absolute quality requirements to the so-called standard gas mixtures. Due to comparatively high demand, these products are produced to stock and are always available.
Complex and well-conceived: Manufacturing.Many aspects must be considered in the
manufacture of gas mixtures: The filling se-quence and maximum filling pressure are matched to the properties of the individual components of the mixture. Here we observe all the relevant regulatory requirements, such as the German Pressurised Gases Technical Regulations. In special cases, in addition those from the German Federal Institute for Materials Testing on basic producibility or maximum permitted filling pressure must also be followed.
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Manometric manufacture -
here the filling of mini
cylinders and pressure
cans with test gas
mixtures - depends on
Dalton’s law.
Maximum precision: the
mixture components are
filled on precision scales.
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Where this is necessary, its coordination forms part of our scope of supply.
The applicable manufacturing method depends on the chemical and physical characteristics of the components and the required mixture tolerance. The manufacture process is based
on recognised national and international standards (ISO/DIN/EN). In practice, two principal processes are employed:
Manometric method (DIN ISO 6146).The manometric method depends on Dalton’s
law of 1801: “The total pressure of the gas mix-ture is equal to the sum of all partial pressures.” In this process, the composition of the gas mixture is generated from the relevant individual pres-sures of the components.
Gravimetric method (DIN ISO 6142).
In the gravimetric method, the components of the mixture are filled under high pressure into the container on scales with accuracies in the milligram range. The different properties of the individual constituents require intensive homoge-
nisation, which follows the filling process on a roller mixing station.
Stability of gas mixtures.The stability data for gas mixtures are based
on long-term observations. For the period
indicated we guarantee that in the context of analytical accuracy the mixture does not change due to physical or chemical reactions. The careful pre-conditioning of the gas cylinder and the specially adapted materials (steel or alumin- ium alloys) in accordance with DIN 11114 are fundamental prerequisites for this.
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Roller mixing stations for
the homogenisation of
gravimetrically-manufac-
tured gas mixtures.
The manufacture of com-
plex gas mixtures, often
with admixtures in the
ppm or ppb range, requires
high precision.
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Perfectly graded: Analysis of gas mixtures.
Gas mixtures are analysed in accordance with the requirements of DIN ISO 6143, and the results are documented on an analysis certificate in accordance with DIN ISO 6141. The certificate contains all the information on manufacturing precision, analytical precision and standard devi-ation. We will automatically issue analysis certi-ficates for test and reference gases. In individu-ally manufactured mixtures in large quantities we also provide batch certificates which confirm compliance with the user specification.
Exact representation: Manufacturing and analytical accuracy.
The required accuracy of a mixture compo-sition is defined by the type of application. How-ever, the bounds of feasibility are dictated by the chemical and physical characteristics of the individual components of the mixture. The sum-mary shows classification into quality grades at Westfalen in accordance with manufacturing and analytical accuracy:
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Analysis with a Fourier
transform infrared spec-
trometer: A spectrum is
obtained from the gas
mixture from which the
components and their per-
centage proportions can
be determined exactly.
Manufacturing and analytical accuracy.
In this example, the actual oxygen content is between 14.85 and 15.15 %.
Analytical tolerance
14.15 % 14.85 % 14.90 % 15.00 % 15.15 % 15.65 %
Required concentration Analytical value
Manufacturing accuracy Manufacturing accuracy
Grade Relative error0.5 _< ± 0.5 % relative1.0 _< ± 1.0 % relative2.0 _< ± 2.0 % relative5.0 _< ± 5.0 % relative10.0 _< ± 10.0 % relative
Case study:Manufacturing and analytical accuracy
explained using a test gas as an example.Composition:Oxygen 14.90 vol. % Nitrogen balance
Customer specification: The oxygen concentration must not deviate more than ± 0.75 vol. % from the specified tar-get 14.90 vol. %. The maximum permitted ana-lytical tolerance is ± 0.15 vol.%.
Manufacturing accuracy: In the manufacturing precision defined by grade 5.0, the oxygen content in the mixture must be between 14.15 and 15.65 vol. %.
Analytical accuracy: The analysis produces an average content value over all the individual measurements of 15.00 vol. %. At a grade 1.0 margin of error, the actual oxygen content is therefore between 14.85 and 15.15 vol. %.
Assessment by quality grades: Max. Max. Grade deviation deviation absolute relative Manufacturing accuracy ± 0.75 % ± 5.0 % 5.0Analytical accuracy ± 0.15 % ± 1.0 % 1.0
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Looking really closely: Standard deviations.In very special cases, giving the maximum range
of error is not sufficient. Detailed consideration of the analytical results is then necessary: each individual measurement which contributes to de-termining the average value shows a margin of error. The average error resulting from each indi- vidual measurement yields the average deviation from the average value.
The Gaussian normal distribution curve shows the grouping of the individual measurements around the average. The standard deviation, also known as the confidence range, describes three ranges: in the first are 68.3 percent of all measured values (simple standard deviation). The second range contains 95.4 percent, the third 99.7 percent of all measured values (double or triple standard deviation).
Consideration of the error in the above example:A total of 20 measured values give an average
of 15.00 vol. % oxygen content. The simple standard deviation includes 14 measurements,
whose average error is less than 0.15 vol. % absolute. That corresponds to a relative error of ± 1 % in relation to the average.
A total of 19 measured values form the second standard deviation. The average error in this case is below 0.3 vol. % absolute or ± 2 % relative. Only one more measurement falls into the third confidence range. From this distribution, a value of ± 0.45 vol. % absolute or 3 % relative is produced as the average error of the individual measurement, in each case relative to the average of 15.00 vol. %.
Through adjustment of the analytical process, the standard deviation from the average can be further reduced. Whether such a limitation is required depends on the relevant product and its intended usage.
Constantly high standards: Accreditation as a test and calibration laboratory.
Westfalen‘s Specialty Gases Centre is accred- ited as a testing and calibration laboratory, ful-filling the "General requirements for the com-petence of testing and calibration laboratories“ under DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005.
The accreditation defines the framework for constantly accurate preparation to the highest level and at the same time ensures the reproducibility at any time of gas mixtures, as well as their comparability and traceability to international standards.
Gaussian normal distributionFrequency
Standard deviation σ
= Measured value
In the range ± 1 σ are 68.3% of all measured values
In the range ± 2 σ are 95.4 % of all measured values
In the range ± 3 σ are 99.7 % of all measured values
-4.00 -3.00
-0.45
-2.00
-0.30
-1.00
-0.15
0.00
15.00
1.00
0.15
2.00
0.30
3.00 4.00
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Anything is possible: Westfalen gasmixtures.
Standardised gas mixtures on stock.Product
gas mixture/test gasComposition Delivery mode
high pressure cylinders1)
geometricvolume in litres
Filling pressureat 15 °C
bar
admixtures vol. %
Argon W2 Spektro Argon 9850 200Hydrogen 2
Argon/Methane 90/10 Argon 9050 200Methane 10
Argon/Methane 95/05 Argon 9550 200Methane 5
Argon/Methane ECD 90/10 Argon 9010 50 bundle 200Methane 10
Argon/Methane ECD 95/05 Argon 9510 50 200
Methane 5Synthetic air/Hydrocarbon free Oxygen 21
10 50 bundle 200Nitrogen 79
Gas mixture 40 % H2/ Balance He
Hydrogen 4050 200
Helium balanceTest gas 0.25 % CO/18 % He/Balance Synth. air2)
Carbon monoxide 0.2510 150Helium 18
Synthetic air balanceTest gas 0.28 % CO/9.5 % He/Balance Synth. air2)
Carbon monoxide 0.2810 150Helium 9.5
Synthetic air balanceTest gas 5 % CO2/ Balance O2
2)
Carbon dioxide 510 50 200Oxygen balance
Wetox 94/6(liquid mixture)
Ethylene oxide 63)
40 30Carbon dioxide 943)
1) for high purity gases in Alumini® pressure cans and mini cylinders, please ask for our separate brochure2) analytical certificate issued automatically 3) mass percentage For detailed information on the properties and physical data, please request the relevant product datasheet.
2H
Isotopes and isotope mixtures.A special field in high purity gases and gas
mixtures is that of stable gaseous isotopes and their mixtures. Determination of isotope purity is done using a mass spectrometer.
Isotope mixtures are manufactured gravimet- rically according to specifications. The correct composition is also checked, in this case by mass spectrometry.
You can obtain isotopes and isotope mixtures in Alumini® pressure cans, mini cylinders and high pressure cylinders with nominal volumes between two and 50 litres.
Our range includes, for example:
- 12CO2 - 13CO - C18O - 13CO2 - D - Ethene-D4 - 3He
- Methene-D4 - 15N - 15N2O - 18O - 34SO2 - Isotopes of the noble gases Ne, Kr, Xe
The hydrogen isotope deuterium
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Available components for individual gas mixtures.1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (R-134a) cis-1,2-Dichloroethene n-Hexane1,1,1-Trichloroethane cis-Butene-2 Nitric oxide1,1,1-Trifluoroethane (R-143a) Cumene (isopropyl benzene) Nitrogen1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane (R-134) Cyclohexane Nitrogen dioxide1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane (R-113) Cyclopropane Nitrogen isotope (15N)1,1-Dichloro-2,2,2-Trifluoroethane (R-123)
Deuterium Nitromethane
1,1-Difluoroethane (R-152a) Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12) Nitrous oxide1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene Dichloromethane n-Nonane1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene Diethyl ether n-Octane1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane (R-114)
Difluoromethane (R-32) n-Pentane
1,2-Dichloroethane Dimethylamine n-Undecane1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene Dimethyl disulphide (Methyl disulphide) Oxygen1,3-Butadiene Dimethyl ether Oxygen isotope (18O)1-Butanol Dimethylamide acetate o-Xylene1-Chloro-1,2,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane (R-124)
Ethane Pentafluoroethane (R-125)
1-Methoxy-2-Propanol Ethanol Perfluorohexane1-Propanol Ethene Phenol2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1-Trifluoroethane (R-123)
Ethylamine Phosgene
2,2-Dimethylpropane (neopentane) Ethylbenzene Phosphine2-Butanone Ethylene oxide Propadiene2-Methyl-1,3-Butadiene (isoprene) Ethylmercaptane Propane2-Methyl-1-Propanol Fluorine Propene2-Methylbutane Formaldehyde Propyne2-Methylhexane Formic acid Propionaldehyde2-Methylpentane Helium Propylene oxide2-Pentanone (methyl propyl ketone) Hexafluorobenzene p-XyleneAcetaldehyde Hexamethyldisiloxane SilaneAcetic acid Hydrogen Sulphur dioxideAcetic acid butyl ester (butyl acetate) Hydrogen chloride Sulphur hexafluorideAcetic acid ethyl ester (ethyl acetate) Hydrogen cyanide Styrene (vinyl benzene)Acetone Hydrogen fluoride Synthetic airAcetophenone (phenyl methyl ketone) Hydrogen sulphide Tert-ButylmercaptaneAcetylene (ethyne) i-Butane Tert-ButylmethyletherAlpha methyl styrene i-Butene TetrachloroetheneAmmonia i-Propanol (2-propanol) Tetrachloromethane Argon Krypton Tetrafluoromethane (R-14)Benzene Methane TetrahydrofuranBoron trichloride Methanol TetrahydrothiopheneButene-1 Methylamine TolueneCarbon dioxide Methylcyclopentane trans-1,2-DichloroetheneCarbon disulphide Methylmercaptane trans-Butene-2Carbon monoxide Methyl methacrylate TrichloroetheneCarbonyl sulphide m-Xylene Trichlorofluoromethane (R-11)Chlorine N,N-dimethylethylamine Trichloromethane (chloroform)Chlorobenzene n-Butane Trifluoromethane (R-23)Chlorodifluoromethane (R-22) n-Decane TrimethylboraneChloromethane (R-40) n-Dodecane Vinyl chloride (R-1140)Chloropentafluoroethane (R-115) Neon Water (damp)Chlorotrifluoromethane (R-13) n-Heptane Xenon
Other components on request.
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High purity gases and gas mixtures, isotopes and isotope mixtures are at home in many fields of application. The range is large, as are the performance requirements. The range of possible applications is demonstrated – although the list is incomplete – by the following overview.
Instrumental analysis.Numerous instrumental analysis applications
cannot be achieved without specialty gases. High purity gases and gas mixtures are employed here as processing, working, carrier, zero or reference gases. Current processes include:
Flame Photometry (FPM) To determine alkaline and alkaline earth metals in the flame, various combinations of combustion and oxidation gases are used depending on the required flame temperature, for example, mix-tures of propane and synthetic air or acetylene and synthetic air.
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) The determination of metals via the atomic absorption spectrum is a modification of flame photometry. Here a flame is also used for thermal dissociation of the sample. The required temper- atures are achieved using mixtures of propane, acetylene or hydrogen with synthetic air.
Typical of specialty gases: Applications.
The gas sensors for
exhaust gas analysers
are calibrated in
climatic chambers.
The test gases used
here ensure results
are reliable.
Detector types and required operating and carrier gases.Operating gas Detector
Hydrogen up to 6.0/ECD
Helium up to 6.0/ECD
Argon up to 6.0
Nitrogen up to 6.0/ECD
Argon/MethaneECD
Synthetic airHC free
TCD XY XY XY XYFID X Y Y XOFID X Y Y XECD Y Y XY XFPD X Y Y XPID XY XY YHelD XYTID XY Y Y Y XAED XYX = Operating gasY = Carrier gas
TCD Thermal Conductivity Detector FPD Flame Photometric DetectorFID Flame Ionisation Detector PID Photo Ionisation Detector
OFID O2-SelectiveFlame Ionisation Detector
HelD Helium Ionisation DetectorTID Thermionic Detector
ECD Electron Capture Detector AED (PED) Atomic Emission Detector (Plasma Emission Detector)
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Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Also for determination of metals in the atomic emission spectrum, argon as a carrier or plasma gas, and argon or nitrogen as cooling gases are used.
Spark Source Mass Spectrometry (SSMS) For determination of metals in an arc, argon or argon-hydrogen mixtures as protective or purge gases are needed.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) To pre- and post-process the sample and also during the measurements themselves, the high purity gases nitrogen, carbon dioxide and argon are normally used.
Gas Chromatography (GC) In gas chromatography, samples are transported in the gas stream using carrier gases. Dependent on the task, operating gases are required in gas chromatography for the detector and zero and test gases as a reference for comparative measurements.
In gas chromatography,
specialty gases fulfil
various functions.
Olfactometry’s
impossible without
well-tuned noses and
the perfect reference
gas: n-butanol is
used to determine
the sensitivity of
testers for olfactory
testing.
Ideal for working on
the move, such as in
environmental analysis:
specialty gases in
small, portable
containers like the
Alumini® pressure can.
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Further applications.Medicine, Inhalation, Pharma- nuclear spin tomography requires supercon-
ductive magnets, which are cooled with liquid helium
- the blood flow of coronary vessels can be measured using radioactive water – produced in the cyclotron from 15N- and 16O-isotope mixtures
- gases meeting the specifications of the European Pharmacopoeia – oxygen and mixtures of oxygen with nitrogen or carbon dioxide – are used to support breathing
- in anaesthesia and surgery, dinitrogen monoxide and carbon dioxide are widely used aids
- specialty pharma gases, in particular nitrogen and carbon dioxide and mixtures, are used in pharmaceutical manufacturing
Research and development- high purity nitrogen is used to research the
permeation of oxygen through various pipe-work materials
- in the investigation of solar neutrinos, high purity nitrogen with krypton in the ppt range is dosed for preliminary research
- helium is needed for cooling superconduct-ing magnets
Pharmaceutical
grade nitrogen
is for example used
for freeze-drying
a variety of prepa-
rations.
How permeable are
various materials?
Nitrogen can help
establish this.
Typical of specialty gases: Applications.
Specialty gases are
also essential in laser
material processing.
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Industry- in laser material processing, mixed and pure
process and operating gases are employed- depending on the required noise and heat
protection levels, insulating glass panels are filled with the high purity gases argon, sulphur hexafluoride, krypton and xenon or their mixtures
- the lighting industry also works with noble gases such as argon, neon, krypton or xenon
- automotive suppliers test components for
leakage using helium or helium-nitrogen mixtures
- high purity argon and high purity nitrogen are used as protective gases during the manufac-ture of solar cells
Environmental technology- mixtures of nitrogen and BTX aromatics in the
ppb range are deployed in exhaust gas tests for motor vehicles
In the cyclotron,
isotope mixtures of
nitrogen and oxygen
are used.
Checking exhaust
emissions on vehicle
engine test benches:
reliable values are
calculated using
appropriately cali-
brated test gases.
Liquid helium cools
superconductive magnets
for NMR spectroscopy.
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Well packaged: Delivery modes.
The size of our specialty gas “packaging” depends considerably on the need and the type of application. Small, light and so partic- ularly practical are our small containers: Alumini® 12 and Alumini® 200 – pressure cans and mini cylinders filled to pressures of 12 and 200 bar.
For traditional applications, steel cylinders with a nominal volume of between one and 127 litres are available.
Greater demand can be met by bundles of cylinders or mobile tanks of up to 600 litres capacity.
For large consumers we design and erect stationary tanks with
capacities from 2,000 litres, or we provide mobile systems for interim supplies.
The lightest form of
specialty gas provision:
Alumini ® 12 (pressure
can) and Alumini ® 200
(mini cylinder) with an
empty weight of only 200
or 1,100 grams.
Specialty gases in
abundance – for
stationary tank
installations or in
mobile supply systems.
Day and night.
Practical for higher
demand: mobile tanks,
such as Dewars for
liquid helium.
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At a glance: Standard cylinders.Type
geometric volume (l)1) 2)
Lengthwith cap/
cage (cm)3)
Diameter(cm)3)
Weight empty(kg)3)
Alumini® 12 (pressure cans)seamless drawnaluminium body (12 bar)
1.0 28.0 8.0 0.2
Alumini® 200 (mini cylinders)seamless drawn aluminium body (200 bar)
0.5 32.0 7.0 1.1
High-pressure cylinders seamless drawn steel cylinders (200 bar, optional 300 bar4))
1.0 44.0 8.3 2.02.0 51.0 10.0 5.03.0 66.0 10.0 6.010.0 98.0 14.0 16.013.4 124.0 14.0 19.013.4 72.0 20.4 19.026.7 160.0 20.4 33.050.0 170.0 22.9 74.0
Bundle 12 x 50 L x W x H: 103 x 80 x 197 1,050High-pressure cylindersseamless drawn aluminium cylinders (200 bar)
2.0 48.0 11.7 5.010.0 112.0 14.0 14.050.0 166.0 25.0 58.0
Low-pressure cylinderswelded for liquefied gases(filling pressure gas-dependent)
12.3 48.0 22.9 8.027.2 62.0 30.0 14.061.0 136.0 27.3 30.079.0 130.0 31.8 44.0127.0 150.0 37.2 50.0
Steel cylinders foracetylene(pressure as stated on cylinders)
10.0 98.0 14.0 23.020/22 96.0 20.4 20-3540.0 158.0 20.4 65-7140.0 132.0 22.9 74.050.0 170.0 22.9 75.0
Drum(for liquefied gases)
950 235, 86 480
1) actual gas capacity varies depending on type of gas and filling pressure2) other cylinder sizes available on request3) all values are approximate values4) for 300 bar cylinders, other weights apply; data available on request
A proven classic: steel
cylinders of up to
127 litre nominal volume.
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At a glance: Pressure regulators for specialty gases in Alumini® 12 pressure cans.Model notation ApplicationFine control valve with pressure gauge
• with content pressure gauge for withdrawal of the smallest quantities of gas
Spray nozzle • for spraying the contained mixture
Gas flow regulator • for regulating the gas flow (d) from 0.5 to 1.5 l/min
Syringe adapter • for withdrawing extremely small quantities of gas by gas syringes
It comes out like this: Gas outlet fittings.
Westfalen will plan and install complete state-of-the-art gas supply systems to your require-ments. From planning to implementation, we provide you with qualified support in erecting turnkey supply setups for specialty gases. This also includes all gas withdrawal arrangements. Selection of suitable fittings is geared toward the applicable regulations, the properties of the required gases and the requirements set by the application. From this are tailored the material specification and determination of the required pressure ranges.
The individual components are assembled modularly.
Withdrawal directly from the gas cylinder is generally achieved with cylinder pressure regu-lators. These may also be provided with rinsing arrangements or flame arresters for acetylene. Alongside this we can also however provide simple control valves with no pressure gauge.
In certain cases central gas supply is more economical than drawing from individual cylinders. For this we develop compact system solutions.
WEGA 1 pressure reducer
for gas withdrawal
from individual cylinders
at pressures of 200 or
300 bar.
Right:
These outlet points – here
installed as a supply
“traffic light” – are a com-
ponent of a central supply
system.
At a glance: Pressure regulators for specialty gases.Model notation ApplicationWEGA Mini • for small cylinders
• for non-corrosive gases up to purity 5.0 (99.999 vol. %) and test gases with no highly corrosive components
WEGA 1 and WEGA 2 • for non-corrosive gases up to purity 6.0 (99.9999 vol. %) and gas mixtures• for test gases with ammonia, sulphur dioxide or nitrogen monoxide
admixtures in the trace range
WEGA 1 KSp • for corrosive gases up to purity 6.0 (99.9999 vol. %) and gas mixtures• for test gases with corrosive and highly corrosive components• for trace mixtures in the ppb and ppm range
Doppelregulus • for non-corrosive gases up to purity 5.0 (99.9999 vol. %) and gas mixtures• for output pressures in the millibar range
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Practical service for practical people.
The comprehensive supply program for industrial gases, gas mixtures and specialty gases, our established know-how and extensive services form the basis for partnership between users and Westfalen.
On the basis of actual take-up and analysis of your production processes, we will advise and in conjunction with you work out a future- oriented supply concept.
We provide and install a complete gas supply installation, which also includes metering and regulator units. The services include the neces-sary testing and fine tuning. Our engineers, tech-nicians and after-sales staff, with their experi-ence and knowledge, remain at your disposal even after start-up.
A large vehicle fleet with cylinder trucks and tank vehicles, computerised distribution and a solid network of branches, sales offices and dis-tributors guarantee reliable logistics.
Westfalen guarantees
reliable supplies in
Germany, the Netherlands,
Belgium, France, Austria,
Czechia and Switzerland.
Air gases with a purity of
up to 6.0 (99.9999 % by
vol.) are produced in the
plants at Hörstel (near
Osnabrück), Laichingen
(near Ulm) and Le Creusot
(France).
Westfalen supplies and
erects complete gas
supply installations and
process technology.
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Technical Gases I Refrigerants I Propane
Westfalen AG Industrieweg 4348155 MünsterGermanyPhone +49 (0)2 51/6 95-0 Fax +49 (0)2 51/6 95-1 [email protected]
Westfalen Austria GmbHAumühlweg 21/TOP 3232544 LeobersdorfAustriaPhone +43 (0) 22 56/6 36 30Fax +43 (0) 22 56/6 36 [email protected]
Westfalen BVBA-SPRLWatermolenstraat 119320 Aalst/AlostBelgiumPhone +32 (0)53-64.10.70Fax +32 (0)[email protected]
Westfalen France S.à.r.l.Parc d‘Activités Belle Fontaine57780 RosselangeFrancePhone +33 (0)3.87.50.10.40Fax +33 (0)[email protected]
Westfalen Gassen Nederland BVRigastraat 207418 EW DeventerThe NetherlandsPhone +31 (0)570 - 63 67 45Fax +31 (0)570 - 63 00 [email protected]
Westfalen Gas Schweiz GmbHSisslerstr. 11/PF 5074 Eiken AGSwitzerlandPhone +41 (0)61 855 25 25Fax +41 (0)61 855 25 [email protected]
Westfalen Gas s.r.o.Masarykova 162344 01 DomažliceCzechiaPhone +420 379 420 042Fax +420 379 420 [email protected]
