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8/14/2019 Perception of the Poor People Towards Microcredit Delivery Organizations in Bangladesh
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Perception of the poor people towards microcredit
delivery organizations in Bangladesh
MKT:470
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Acknowledgement
We would like to express our gratitude and appreciation to all those who gave us the possibility to
complete this report. A special thanks to our faculty and instructor Dr. Tamgid Ahmed Chowdhury,Whose help, stimulating suggestions and encouragement, helped us to coordinate in writing this
report.
Finally yet importantly, many thanks go to all the participants that took part in our surveys who
have willingly shared their precious time.
Without the help of the particular that mentioned above, we would face many
difficulties while doing this.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction
1.1. Executive Summary .... 5
1.2. Introduction .... 5
1.3. Conceptualizing Efficiency..... 6
1.4. Research Questions
2. Research Design ...... 8
2.1. Research Designing .... 8
2.2. Information Needed.. 8
2.3. Data Collection ...... 9
2.4. Scaling Techniques ...10
2.5. Questionnaire Development ...11
2.5.1. Interviewing Method ...11
2.5.2. Question Contents ...11
2.5.3. Overcoming Inability and Unwillingness to Answer ...11
2.5.4. Question Structure ...11
2.5.5. Question Wording ...11
2.5.6. Order of Qustions ...11
2.5.7. Form and Layout ...12
2.5.8. Reproduction of Qustionnaire ...12
2.6. Pilot Study ...12
2.7. Sampling Techniques ...12
2.8. Fieldwork ...13
2.8.1. Fieldworkers ...13
2.8.2. Training ...13
2.8.3. Supervision ...13
2.8.4. Validation ...13
2.8.5. Evaluation...14
3. Results with Interpretations ...14
3.1. Education ...1
3.2. Resource...14
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3.3 Library .. 15
3.4. Security ... ... 15
3.5. Cleanliness ... . 16
3.6. Advising ... ... 16
3.7. Photocopy Center ... .. 16
3.8. Cafeteria ... .. 17
4. Limita tions... . 17
5 . Recommendations ...... 18
6. Conclusion .... 18
7. Appendix ... ... 19
List of Tables
01. Education Quality ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
02. The Quality of Resource ... Error! Bookmark not defined
03. Frequency of going to Library ... .. Error! Bookmark not defined
04. Security System ... Error! Bookmark not defined
05. Cleanliness of the Campus ... Error! Bookmark not defined
06. Advising System ... Error! Bookmark not defined
List of Graphs
01. Price of Photocopying ... Error! Bookmark not defined
02. Waiting Time for Photocopying ...Error! Bookmark not defined
03. Most Admired Store in Cafeteria ...Error! Bookmark not defined
04. Pricing of Old School (Business Caf) ...Error! Bookmark not defined
05. Quality of Foods of Old School (Business Caf) ...Error! Bookmark not defined
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1. Introduction
1.1.Executive SummaryThis research paper aims to identify the perceptionof the poor people towards microcredit
delivery organizations in Bangladesh. The research work is divided into sectors like timeliness,
neutrality, cooperativeness, willingness, office time, security, listening proposal, attitude, and
reliability. We have tried to highlight the key variables influencing the perceived service of the
Microcredit organizations like NGO or GOV. This is a quantitative research. All the
questions are close-ended. Dogmatic questions, multiple choice questions, likert scale, and
semantic scale are used to conduct the research. 40 poor people from different sectors in
Bangladesh were taken as sample. To identify the perception, we have used SPSS software.
Our major findings are providing loan in time may ensure good service, organizations need to be
neutral for taking decision, field worker should be cooperative, office time should be
convenient, financial activities should be secured, attitude of the workers should be satisfactory in
terms of providing service.
1.2.IntroductionBangladesh has made significant progress in alleviating poverty in the last few decades,
particularly during the 1990s (Osmani, 1990; Hossain & Sen, 1992; Rahman & Hossain, 1995;
Sen, 1995; World Bank, 2007). Poverty1declined from 58.8% in 1991 to 46.9% in 2000 ((BBS),
2005; World Bank, 2005; Asian Development Bank, 2004). Although it has been suggested that
the reduction in poverty was due to faster economic growth (McLeod, 2007), this positive change
in the poverty rate coincided with a major increase in the annual budget for the social sector and
the large-scale proliferation of non-government organizations (NGOs) in the 1990s. Development
expenditure on housing, education, health and family planning by the Government of Bangladesh
(GOB) increased from 12.88% of the annual development programme (ADP) in the 1980s to
26.63% in the 1990s (World Bank, 1991, 1995; BBS,2002). These figures would be even greater if
the governments special poverty alleviation projects were included. In addition to government
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efforts, the number of NGOs involved in poverty reduction grew at a rate of 236% during the
1990s and 46% in the 2000s. The number of projects conducted by NGOs increased to 6781 in the
1990s and 9510 in the 2000s, compared with eight in the late 1980s (Non-government
Organizations Affairs Bureau of Bangladesh, 2010). According to the BBS, poverty declined
further to 40.4% in 2005 (BBSHIES, 2005). However, Hossain (2009) indicates that poverty in
Bangladesh increased to 47.3% in 2007, declining by 2% in the following year. Furthermore,
Hossain (2009) shows that between 2004 and 2007, 30% of households who were already poor
could not rise above the poverty line and another 19.2% of people moved from being non-poor to
poor. These less positive poverty estimates call into question the effectiveness of large investments
by the government and NGOs as part of thepoverty alleviation programmers in Bangladesh.
Questions are raised as to whether this lack of improvement in poverty in recent years is due to
economic turmoil and natural shocks or to problems in the efficiency of government organizations
(GOs) and NGOs.It is expected that the development and appropriate use of such a scale will give
policymakers in both GOs and NGOs a better understanding of the degree of efficiency, or
otherwise, in the service delivery process.
1.3.Conceptualizing Efficiency
Buchanan (1987) indicated that a service provider (in our case the GO or NGO) is seen as
efficient if it can create a situation in which people receive the services they need in the way they
require. In our case, we are conceptualizing efficiency from a service delivery perspective, unlike
the more traditional way of looking atprofits or numbers of consumers. In analysing the
efficiency of GOs and NGOs in poverty alleviation programmes, it is more important to examine
to what extent they reach the beneficiaries, reduce the ill-being of the poor, support them with
income generation, build the capability of the people and mobilize them in social activities, than
to measure the amount of profit they make by disbursing microcredit to the poor. Thus, the
efficiency of these organizations can be compared on the basis of service delivery mechanisms
and support services. Therefore, for our case, efficiency is defined as a comparison of what is
expected by the beneficiaries(poor people) and what is actually achieved by the participating
organizations (GOs and NGOs) in poverty alleviation projects with respect to management and
administrative credibility, the service delivery process, the skills of workers, problem-solving
capacity, interaction procedures and social mobilization skills.
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The performance of service provider (NGO and GOV);
Timeliness in terms of providing loan Neutrality in terms of taking loan. Cooperativeness of field worker. Workers willingness in terms of providing service. Office time convenience Security in terms of financial activities. Employees frequency in terms of listening proposal. Attitude of the workers.1.4.Research Questions> How timely they are in terms of providing Loan or other service?
>How much neutral the organization is for taking decision?
>How cooperative the field workers are?
>How willingly the filed workers provide their service?
> How convenient of the office time of this organization?
> How secured do you feel in terms of financial activities of this org.?
>How frequently the employee listen your proposal?
> How frequently the employee listen your proposal?
> Whom you prefer in terms of taking loan?
2. Research Design
2.1.Research DesigningThrough our research, we will look forward to explore the perception of the poor
people towards microcredit delivery organizations in Bangladesh and try for
improving the unsatisfactory services to a satisfactory level. Overall, our research
findings will be able to use as input into decision-making. Therefore, we can say it is
a conclusive research design. In which, we have used the descriptive research
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procedure. Our major objective was to determine the perception towards
Microcredit delivery oranizations, which is similar to the image study. To conduct
the research we have defined a clear problem statement, specific hypothesis and all
detailed information. Therefore, we can say it is a clear descriptive analysis.
2.2.Information Needed
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2.3.Data CollectionAs we do not have plenty of secondary data or literature review, we have planned to
conduct our research mostly by primary data analysis. There are various services
available in the field and we have decided to collect a huge data for a successful
evaluation. We have applied Quantitative Strategy in conducting the survey as a tool.
All the questions and possible answers were fixed. The number of people taken as
sample was also fixed, which is fifty-three. The whole procedure of carrying out the
survey was pre-specified. We have collected structured data. We have been
analyzed all collected data through MS EXCEL and SPSS softwares. To present
information statistically we have been used both bivariate and multivariate statistical
techniques.
Following is the diagram of the data collection procedure:
Descriptive data Survey data
Qualitative data
Primary data
R esearch data
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Survey: We have been collected data through survey method. We have been used
a formal questionnaire presenting questions in a prearranged order. We try to
develop Fixed Alternative questions where all answers were predetermined. Survey
was conducted directly by handing over the questionnaire. Therefore, any confusionover the questionnaire was cleared during the survey. We can show our survey
procedure through the following diagram:
2.4.Scaling TechniquesWe have followed Non-Comparative scaling procedure, where we have collected all
necessary responses independently. It is an itemized measurement scale
consisting numbers and brief descriptions associated with each category. According
to the basis of data analysis, we have used both likert scale and semantic differential
scale.The following diagram can show our scaling procedure:
Survey method
personl
interviewing
Face to face
questionairefilling
Electronic
interviewingInteret
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2.5.Questionnaire Development2.5.1. Interviewing Method
We have conducted both face to face personal interview and internet electronic
interview for filling the questionnaires and to collect as much as respondents.
2.5.2. Question Contents
We have been set all the necessary questiontions related to the Microcredit
services. We have been highlighted some important sectors so that respondence get an
indication in which sector they have to answered what service related questions. Every
single question in our questionnaire is designed in such a way that it covered a single
issue and like this we prepare our questionnaire included 22questions.
2.5.3. Overcoming Inability and Unwillingness to Answer
We have been go through the filter question procedure to screens potential
respondents. Where we discuss about the respondents past experiences as well as
find out how familiar they are with all the Microcredit organizations services. We
Scaling
TechniqueNon-comparative
scalingItemized rating
scale
Likert scale: 5 responsecategories from strongly
disagree to strongly agree
Semantic differentialscale: 5-point rating scalewith endpoint associated
with bipolar labels.
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have been set up the answers very straightforward, easy, meaningful and interesting
so that respondents need not to think a lot while answering at the same time they will
find the whole questionnaire very interesting.
2.5.4. Question Structure
We have been used a structured questionnaire where all of the questions are close
ended. All the multiple choice answers are mutually exclusive.
2.5.5. Question Wording
Our questionnaire wordings are very simple and easy to understand. There are both
positive and negative options available in the answers. We didnt use any leading
questions to manipulate our respondences.
2.5.7. Form and Layout
The overall questionnaire consists of several important parts. All the questions are
pre-coded and numbered serially.
2.5.8. Reproduction of Qustionnaire
We have given a professional look to our questionnaire with the simplicity. All directions of
Answering has been given above the questions. Each question has been reproduced
in a single page and we have used vertical response column to make our
questionnaire look good.
2.6.Pilot StudyWe have conducted a pilot study that means we pretest our sample with 15 people
through face to-face questionnaire fill up. All the respondents of pretesting were
selected from our target population. At the beginning the questionnaire was quite
large including 73 questions. After doing the pilot study we find out that some of thequestions are repetition and unnecessary. Because of the big number of questions
many respondents get bored and impulsive. Immediately after conducting the
pilot study we worked on those questions. We discarded unnecessary questions and
modify the whole questionnaire. Finally we come up with 22 questions from
different service sector. The pilot study was really very effective for our further
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research.
2.7.Sampling TechniquesAs microcredit delivery organizations are proving loan to all over the Bangladesh.
Here ewe tried to go for people those who reside in the city of Dhaka and side the
capital. So our sampling strategy was to collect data from all these different
occupational poor people.We have divided our sample into eight different groups
such as, Rickshaw puller, garments workers, day labor, farmer, shop keeper, micro
business people, housewives, and workers level people.All these different group of
people worked as mutually exclusive and exhaustive strata based on appropriate
characteristics. After dividing in different groups, we have randomly selected 40
respondents in the basis of simple random sampling. There is equal chance of being
included into the sample, which indicates that it is a probability sampling.
Following are the steps of our sampling procedure:
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2.8.Fieldwork2.8.1. Fieldworkers
We four group members work as a fieldworkers and collect data.
2.8.2. Training
We are not professionally trained but we have tried our level best to collect data in a
decent manner. Since our questionnaire is large, we try to make initial contact before
asking respondents to fill up the questionnaire by sharing academic experiences and
other service experiences. Whenever the respondents could not understand any
question, we try to make it clear for them. We have collected data in their own words,
didnt summarize anything. The survey questionnaire was completely confidential.
There was no option to write
2.8.3. Supervision
We were very concern to implement the fieldwork in a proper way. We cheat
not a single questionnaire. We have collect data through pure survey.
2.8.4. Validation
The entire questionnaire has been filled up by only from those who have taken
microcredit from different microcredit delivery organizations. All the answers are
100% valid.
2.8.5. Evaluation
It took 1 to 5 days to collect all data. We divided the questionnaires among the group
members to make the fieldwork easier. Answers have been recorded and analyzed
through SPSS for getting a reliable calculation.
3. Results with Interpretations
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4. Limitations
We had some limitations, which are listed below.
Time Constraint: We got only 3 weeks to conduct the research includingdata collection. This might have a negative impact on our result.
Budget Constraint: No budget was allocated to conduct the research. Therefore, wecould not entertain our respondents and attract them to gather the information about
the topic.
Small Sample Size: Sample size of 40 is not enough to represent the perception ofall the poor towards microcredit delivery organizations. If we had more time, we could
take more respondents and thus would get results that are more accurate.
Lack of Attention: As our questionnaire was a bit long, the people lagged inattention at the ending part of filling their questionnaires.
Broad Topic: Our research topic was quite broad. If we could specify downto more concrete topic, the results might have been more accurate and significant.
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