PerceptionofElectronicCigaretteUseandEffectsonDivisionIIIAthletes

ByronCampbellDamianPulos

KimberlyPritchardPhD,LAT,ATCMichaelKotelnickiMS,ATC

Introduction

• Anelectroniccigaretteisahandheldnicotinedeliverysystem.2-4

• ECarefoundinavarietyofsettings– Nicotinereplacementtherapy4

– Recreational/social5

– Performanceenhancement6-7

11

DidYouKnow?

• 22.4%highschoolstudent-athletesusetobaccoproducts8– 8.8%aresmokelesstobaccoproducts

• 15%UScollegemaleathletesaresmokers9

• DivisionIvs DivisionIIIbaseball10– DI– 62.5%smokelesstobaccouse– DIII– 14.3%smokelesstobaccouse

Purpose

• Tounderstandtheperceptionathletesandnon-athleteshaveofelectroniccigaretteuseinDivisionIIIcollegeathletes.

Methods:Design

IndependentVariables:

• Group– Athletes– Non-Athletes

DependentVariables

• Likert-typeresponses– 10questionsrelatedtouse

andperceptionofEC

ObservationalSurvey

Methods:Subjects

InclusionCriteria• Allparticipants

– CurrentlyenrolledatSU– 18-25yearsold

• Athlete– Currentlyonavarsityteamroster

• Non-athlete– Hasnotcompetedforanyvarsityteamwithinthelastyear.

ExclusionCriteria• Allparticipants– Notenrolledasfull-timestudent

Methods:Instruments

• Survey– Likert-typequestions

NO YES

Survey

Methods:Procedures

Participantsnotifiedofsurvey

Participantsreadandsigninformedconsentform

Participantscompletesurvey

Resultsarereportedintheaggregate

Methods:StatisticalAnalysis

• Responsefrequenciesweresummarizedforeachquestion

• Chisquaretestsofindependencewereusedtodeterminegroupassociations– Cramer’sphiwasusedtoassessthestrengthofassociation

• Α settop<0.05

Areyoucurrentlyauserofelectroniccigarettes?

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Yes No

Non-Athlete

Athlete

P=0.018

Haveyouevertriedelectroniccigarettes?

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Yes No

Non-Athlete

Athlete

P=0.004

Iamawareofelectroniccigarettesandtheiruses.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

ED MD SD Neither SA MA EA

Non-Athlete

Athlete

P=0.114

Athletesthatuseelectroniccigarettesfindtheirperformance-levelisenhanced.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

ED MD SD Neither SA MA EA

Non-Athlete

Athlete

P=0.867

Electroniccigaretteshavethesamehealthrelatedrisksastraditionalcigarettes.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

ED MD SD Neither SA MA EA

Non-Athlete

Athlete

P=0.138

Whichsportismostlikelytouseelectroniccigarettesthemost?

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

La Bk Bb Vb Fb Fh So TF

Non-Athlete

Athlete

P=0.001

Maleathletesaremorepronetoelectroniccigaretteusethanfemaleathletes.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

ED MD SD Neither SA MA EA

Non-Athlete

Athlete

P=0.745

Electroniccigarettesarerecreationallyandsociallyacceptable.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

ED MD SD Neither SA MA EA

Non-Athlete

Athlete

P=0.040

Thepresenceofelectroniccigarettesisrising?

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

ED MD SD Neither SA MA EA

Non-Athlete

Athlete

P=0.056

Thepresenceofelectroniccigarettesinathleticsisrising?

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

ED MD SD Neither SA MA EA

Non-Athlete

Athlete

P=0.040

Discussion:BinaryResponses

• Therewasastatisticallysignificantassociation

• Majorityofbothgroupsare“currentlynotusers”.

• Non-Athleteswerefoundtobemorelikelytotryelectroniccigarettes.

Discussion:Likert-TypeResponses

• Resultsshowbothgroupshavesimilarviewpointsonmostofsurveyquestions.

• Athletesneitheragreednordisagreedthatelectroniccigarettesenhancedperformance

• Despitethenationtrend,bothAthletesandNon-Athletesneitheragreednordisagreedthatelectroniccigarettepresencewasrising.13

Discussion:MostLikelySport

• Collegiatebaseballathletesweremostperceivedtoengageinelectroniccigaretteuse.

• Lacrossewassecondmostperceived(moresoamongstathletes)

• Bothsportshavebeencommonlylinkedtosubstanceuse14

Limitations

• Samplesize• NeitherAgreenorDisagreeOption• Honesty/fearofpunishment• Subjectsknowledgeofelectroniccigarettes

FutureResearch

• ExamineperceptionofhookahuseandcigaretteusageinDivisionIIIathletes

• EliminateNA(Neitheragreeordisagree)optioninLikertscale.

ClinicalMeaningfulness

• HavinganunderstandingofthecorrelationbetweenvapingandathletesmayhelpATsfurtherenhancetheircounselingskillsonthisnewandsocialtrendtoathletesundertheircare

• HavinganunderstandingofpublicperceptiononECandhowtheyarethoughttoeffectathleticperformance.

ThankYou

Methods:StatisticalAnalysis

• Samplesize– Estimate350student-athletesatSU– Reachouttojustasmanynon-athletestudents• CI– 95%• Marginoferror– 5%• Samplesizeestimation– 120surveyscollected12

Survey(cont.)

Survey(cont.)

Survey(cont.)

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