ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

KELOMPOK I1.DIAN AYU2.DIAN ANDIKA3.RANGGA RADITHA4.EDITH LAVINDRI5.ERLANGGA6.RIKO TRIANA7.ANDIKA FIRDAUS

YELLOW BLUE ORANGE

BLACK RED GREEN

PURPLE YELLOW RED

ORANGE GREEN BLACK

BLUE RED PURPLE

A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.

Factors that Influence Perception

Factor in the Situation• Time• Work setting• Social setting

PERCEPTION

Factors in the perceiver• Attitudes• Motives• Interest• Experience• Expectations

Factors in the target• Novelty• Motivation• Sounds• Size• Background• Proximity• Similarity

Person Perception: Making Judgments About Others

Attribution Theory : an attempt to determine whether an individual’s behavior is internally or externally caused.

Attribution Theory

Individual behavior

Distinctiveness

Consensus

Consistency

External

Internal

External

Internal

External

Internal

Observation Interpretation Attribution of course

High

Low

High

Low

High

Low

Frequently Used Shortcuts in Judging Theory

1. Selective Perception2. Halo Effect3. Contrast Effect4. Stereotyping

Specific Applications of Shortcuts in Organizations

1. Employment Interview2. Performance Expectations3. Performance Evaluation

The Link Between Perception and Individual Decision Making

Decision Making: choices made from among two or more alternatives.

Decision making occurs as a reaction to a problem.

Decision Making in Organizations

The Rational Model, Bounded Rationality, and Intuition

Rational Decision Making: A decision-making model that describes how individuals should behave in order to maximize some outcome

Steps In the Rational Decision-Making Model

1. Define the Problem2. Identify the decision criteria3. Allocate weights to the criteria4. Develop the alternatives5. Evaluate the alternatives6. Select the best alternatives

Bounded Rationality: A process of making decisions by constructing simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity.

Intuitive Decision Making: An unconscious process created out of distilled experience.

Common Biases and Errors in Decision MakingOverconfidence biasAnchoring biasConfirmation biasAvailability biasEscalation of CommitmentRandomness ErrorWinner’s CurseHindsight Bias

Influences on Decision Making: Individual Differences and Organizational ConstraintsIndividual Differences1. Personality2. GenderOrganizational Constraints1. Performance Evaluation2. Reward Systems3. Formal Regulations4. System-Imposed Time Constraints5. Historical Precedents

Three Ethical Decision Criteria1. Utilitarianism2. Rights3. Justice

Improving Creativity in Decision Making“Creativity, the ability to produce novel and useful ideas”.

• Creative Potential

The Three Component of Creativity

“The proposition that individual creativity requires expertise, creative thinking skills and intrinsic

task motivation”

Global Implications• Attributions• Decision Making• Ethics

Summary and Implications for Managers• Perception• Individual Decision Making