Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Percent of Students in Districts with Census Poverty Rate over 20%
Fair School Funding: Core Principles
States should provide varying levels of funding to ensure equal educational opportunities to children with different needs.
A “progressive” finance system allocates more funding to districts with high levels of student poverty; a “regressive” system allocates less to those districts; and a “flat” system allocates roughly the same across districts with varying needs.
Sta
te &
Local R
even
ue p
er
Pu
pil
Low Poverty High Poverty
State A (Low revenue, poverty “flat”)
State B (Avg. implicit base rev., highly regressive)
State C (Avg. implicit base rev., progressive)
Southwest
0% Poverty 10% Poverty
20% Poverty
30% Poverty
$5,000
$7,000
$9,000
$11,000
$13,000
$15,000
$17,000
$19,000
$21,000
Arizona
Colorado
Nevada
New Mex-ico
Census Poverty Rate
Sta
te &
Loca
l R
even
ue p
er
Pu
pil
Mid-Atlantic
0% Poverty 10% Poverty
20% Poverty
30% Poverty
$5,000
$7,000
$9,000
$11,000
$13,000
$15,000
$17,000
$19,000
$21,000
Delaware
Maryland
New Jersey
New York
Census Poverty Rate
Sta
te &
Local R
even
ue p
er
Pu
pil
Gulf Coast
0% Poverty 10% Poverty
20% Poverty
30% Poverty
$5,000
$7,000
$9,000
$11,000
$13,000
$15,000
$17,000
$19,000
$21,000
Alabama
Louisiana
Mis-sis-sippi
Texas
Census Poverty Rate
Sta
te &
Loca
l R
even
ue p
er
Pu
pil
Pacific
0% Poverty 10% Poverty
20% Poverty
30% Poverty
$5,000
$7,000
$9,000
$11,000
$13,000
$15,000
$17,000
$19,000
$21,000
California
Oregon
Washing-ton
Census Poverty Rate
Sta
te &
Loca
l R
even
ue p
er
Pu
pil
North Central
0% Poverty 10% Poverty
20% Poverty
30% Poverty
$5,000
$7,000
$9,000
$11,000
$13,000
$15,000
$17,000
$19,000
$21,000
Illinois
Iowa
Min-nesota
Wis-consin
Census Poverty Rate
Sta
te &
Loca
l R
even
ue p
er
Pu
pil
Funding Level
StatePredicted State &
Local Revenue Rank
Wyoming $19,520 1Alaska $17,967 2New York $17,375 3New Jersey $16,817 4Connecticut $15,693 5Arizona $7,899 47Idaho $7,509 48Oklahoma $7,449 49Utah $7,379 50Tennessee $7,306 51
State Funding DistributionState
At 0% Poverty
At 30% Poverty High/Low Grade
Utah $5,772 $9,157 159% ANew Jersey $13,961 $19,805 142% AOhio $8,993 $12,301 137% AMinnesota $10,026 $13,043 130% BMassachusetts $12,598 $15,550 123% BNorth Dakota $10,774 $8,577 80% FNorth Carolina $11,111 $8,699 78% FNew Hampshire $13,958 $10,849 78% FIllinois $11,312 $8,707 77% FNevada $10,561 $7,974 76% F
Funding Effort
StatePer capita
GDP Effort Index Grade
Vermont $36,789 0.057 ANew Jersey $49,840 0.050 ANew York $49,976 0.049 ANew Hampshire $40,566 0.045 AIndiana $36,168 0.045 AArizona $35,000 0.030 FTennessee $34,828 0.030 FNorth Dakota $44,970 0.029 FSouth Dakota $44,261 0.026 FDelaware $61,248 0.025 F
Does Fair Funding Mean Better Student Outcomes?
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
A B C D F
Fairness Index Grade
NA
EP
Pro
fici
ency
200
7
What Happens When States Make Smart and Equitable Investments?
New Jersey Math Achievement Trends 4th Grade NAEP
White, 248
Hispanic, 206
Hispanic, 224
Black, 204
Black, 217
Black, 232
National Ave., 222
National Ave., 226
National Ave., 239White, 236 White, 239
White, 255
Hispanic, 234
Hispanic, 204
Black, 198
National Ave., 219
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
1992 1996 2003 2007
Source: National Assessment of Educational Progress, NAEP Data Trends
NA
EP
Scale
Score
CA, 230
What Happens When States Make Smart and Equitable Investments?
New Jersey Math Achievement Trends 4th Grade NAEP
White, 248
Hispanic, 206
Hispanic, 224
Black, 204
Black, 217
Black, 232
National Ave., 222
National Ave., 226
National Ave., 239White, 236 White, 239
White, 255
Hispanic, 234
Hispanic, 204
Black, 198
National Ave., 219
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
1992 1996 2003 2007
Source: National Assessment of Educational Progress, NAEP Data Trends
NA
EP
Scale
Score
CA, 230
State Pre-K Enrollment
Source: The State of Preschool 2011, The National Institute for Early Education Research
Poverty: What Can We Do?
Fair School Funding: Essential precondition to improving high need schools and boosting achievement
Key to teacher quality/equity; supplemental programs for at-risk, ELL students
State school finance reform: “Deep Resistance”
Federal Policies: subsidize state finance inequity; use federal funds to leverage states to improve funding fairness
Poverty: What Can We Do?
Access to high quality Pre-K for every low income child, and every child in a low income community
State Pre-K Systems: unify Head Start, Child Care and Public School Pre-K
Right to attend school in safe and educationally adequate facilities
State capital program – assess need, ensure financing
