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PERAN ORANG TUA DALAM MENGATASI
DAMPAK HOSPITALISASI PADA ANAK
USIA PRASEKOLAH (3-5 TAHUN)
DI RSUD KABUPATEN SUBANG
KARYA TULIS ILMIAH
Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Ahli Madya
Keperawatan
oleh
Aurora Trika Sari
NIM 1606595
PROGRAM STUDI DIII KEPERAWATAN
FAKULTAS PENDIDIKAN OLAHRAGA DAN KESEHATAN
UNIVERSITAS PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA
BANDUNG
2019
PERAN ORANGTUA DALAM MENGATASI DAMPAK
HOSPITALISASI PADA ANAK USIA PRASEKOLAH (3-6 TAHUN) DI RSUD
KABUPATEN SUBANG
Oleh
Aurora Trika Sari
Sebuah karya tulis ilmiah yang diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat
memperoleh gelar Ahli Madya Keperawatan pada Fakultas Pendidikan Olahraga
dan Kesehatan
© Aurora Trika Sari 2019
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Juli 2019
Hak Cipta dilindungi undang-undang.
Karya Tulis Ilmiah ini tidak boleh diperbanyak seluruhya atau sebagian,
dengan dicetak ulang, difoto kopi, atau cara lainnya tanpa ijin dari penulis.
i
iv
PERAN ORANG TUA DALAM MENGATASI DAMPAK HOSPITALISASI
PADA ANAK USIA PRASEKOLAH (3-6 TAHUN)
DI RSUD KABUPATEN SUBANG
AURORA TRIKA SARI 1606595
ABSTRAK
Hospitalisasi dapat menimbulkan krisis pada anak sehingga perlu peran orang tua dapat
meminimalkan dapak hospitalisasi. Studi pendahuluan dilakukan peneliti melalui
wawancara kepada perawat memberikan informasi bahwa anak prasekolah yang dirawat menunjukkan sikap yang kurang kooperatif saat dilakukan tindakan
keperawatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran orang tua mengatasi
dampak hospitalisasi pada anak usia prasekolah di RSUD Kabupaten Subang. Desain penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif dengan jumlah sempel 60 orang tua
yang memiliki anak usia prasekolah yang di rawat di RSUD Kabupaten Subang. Teknik
sampling yang di gunakan Accidental Sampling dengan instrument kuesioner. Hasil
penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 56% anak menunjukan dampak negatif hospitalisasi dan 74,0% orang tua berperan baik dalam hospitalisasi anak. Penelitian
ini di rekomendasikan kepada RSUD Kabupaten Subang dalam mengedukasi orang
tua dalam mengatasi dampak hospitalisasi pada anak. Selain peran orang tua lingkungan juga dapat menjadi faktor negatif hospitalisasi, pihak rumah sakit dapat
menciptakan lingkungan ruang rawat inap didekor dengan banyak warna dan gambar
kartun kesukaan anak untuk mengurangi dampak negatif hospitalisasi.
Kata Kunci : Peran Orang Tua, Dampak Hospitalisasi, Usia Prasekolah
v
THE ROLE OF PARENTS IN OVERCOMING THE IMPACT OF
HOSPITALIZATION ON CHILDREN'S PRESCHOOL (3-6 YEARS) IN SUBANG
DISTRICT HOSPITAL
AURORA TRIKA SARI
1606595
ABSTRACT
Hospitalization can cause a crisis to children so the need of parents’ role can
minimize the impact of hospitalization. Preliminary studies conducted by
researchers through interviews with nurses provide information that preschool
children who were treated showed a less cooperative attitude when nursing
actions were taken. This study aims to determine the role of parents in
overcoming the impact of hospitalization on preschoolers in Subang District
Hospital. Quantitative research design with a descriptive approach with a number
of samples of 60 parents who have preschool children who are cared for at
Subang District Hospital. The sampling technique used is Accidental Sampling
with a questionnaire instrument. The results of this study indicate that 56% of
children showed a negative impact on hospitalization and 74.0% of parents
played a good role in hospitalization of children. This research was recommended
to the Subang District Hospital in educating parents in overcoming the impact of
hospitalization on children. In addition to the role of environmental parents, it
can also be a negative factor in hospitalization, the hospital created an inpatient
ward that was decorated with many colors and children's favorite cartoon images
to reduce a negative impact of hospitalization. Keywords: Role of Parents, Impact of Hospitalization, Preschool Age
vi
DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................... i
KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... i
ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................... iv
BAB 1 ................................................................................................................. 1
PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang ........................................................................................... 1
1.2 Rumusan masalah....................................................................................... 5
1.3 Tujuan penelitian ................................................................................... 5
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ..................................................................................... 5
1.4.1 Manfaat Teoritis ................................................................................. 5
1.4.2 Manfaat Praktis .................................................................................. 5
BAB II ................................................................................................................ 6
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA....................................................................................... 6
2.1 Konsep Dasar Anak Prasekolah ............................................................. 6
2.1.1 Anak Prasekolah...................................................................................... 6
2.2 Hospitalisasi ................................................................................................... 6
2.2.1 Pengertian ............................................................................................... 6
2.2.2 Hospitalisasi ............................................................................................ 6
2.2.4 Dampak Hospitalisasi pada anak usia prasekolah ................................. 7
2.2.5 Reaksi anak terhadap hospitalisasi ...................................................... 10
2.2.6 Faktor yang menimbulkan stres ketika anak menjalani hospitalisasi
seperti: ........................................................................................................... 10
2.2.7 Respon Anak ketika Menjalani Hospitalisasi ......................................... 11
2.3 Peran Orang Tua ...................................................................................... 11
2.3.1 Peran ibu ............................................................................................... 12
2.3.2 Peran ayah ............................................................................................. 13
2.4 Intervensi keperawatan dalam mengatasi dampak hospitalisasi anak
prasekolah ...................................................................................................... 16
2.5. 1 Konsep Teori Comfort .......................................................................... 17
2. 5.3 Konsep Utama Teori........................................................................... 22
vii
2.6 Kerangka Konsep Penelitian ........................................................................ 23
BAB III.............................................................................................................. 24
METODOLOGI PENELITIAN ......................................................................... 24
3.1 Desain Penelitian ...................................................................................... 24
3.2 Partisipan dan Waktu Penelitian ............................................................... 24
3.2.1 Partisipan .............................................................................................. 24
3.2.2 Waktu ................................................................................................ 24
3.2.3 Lokasi Penelitian ............................................................................... 24
3.3 Populasi dan Sempel Peneltian ................................................................. 24
3.3.1 Populasi ............................................................................................. 24
3.3.2 Sampel .............................................................................................. 24
3.4 Variabel Penelitian ................................................................................... 25
3.5 Definisi Operasional ................................................................................. 25
3.6 Instrumen Penelitian ................................................................................ 26
2.2 Uji Validitas Instrumen dan Uji Reliabilitas ...................................... 27
3.7.1 Uji Validitas Instrumen...................................................................... 27
3.7.2 Uji Reliabilitas Instrumen .................................................................. 28
3.8 Prosedur penelitian ................................................................................... 28
3.9 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ....................................................................... 30
3.10 Analisa Data Univariat ........................................................................... 30
3.11 Etika Penelitian ...................................................................................... 31
BAB IV ............................................................................................................. 33
TEMUAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ..................................................................... 33
4.1 Temuan .................................................................................................... 33
4.1.1 Karakteristik Orang Tua .................................................................... 33
4.1.2 Karakteristik Anak............................................................................. 34
4.1.3 Dampak hospitalisasi ......................................................................... 34
4.1.4 Peran orang tua dalam mengatasi dampak hospitalisasi ...................... 35
4.2 Pembahasan ............................................................................................. 35
4.2.1 Karakteristik Subjek Penelitian .......................................................... 35
4.2.2 Karakteristik anak .............................................................................. 37
4.2.3 Dampak hospitalisasi pada anak usia prasekolah ............................ 39
4.2.4 Peran orang tua dalam mengatasi dampak hospitalisasi ................. 40
4.2.5 Keterbatasan Penelitian ................................................................... 43
viii
BAB V ............................................................................................................... 44
SIMPULAN, IMPLIKASI, DAN REKOMENDASI .......................................... 44
5.1 Simpulan .................................................................................................. 44
5.1.1 Implikasi ........................................................................................... 44
5.1.2 Rekomendasi ..................................................................................... 44
ix
DAFTAR TABEL
3.5 Definisi operasional…………………………………………..……….27
3.1 Tabel Jumlah Pertanyaan Responden…………………………...…28
4.1 Tabel Distribusi Frekuensi Karakteristik orang tua………………..…34
4.2 Tabel Distribusi Frekuensi Karakteristik anak………………………..35
4.3 Tabel Dampak Hospitalisasi Pada Anak……………………………...35
4.4 Tabel Peran Orang Tua Dalam Mengatasi Dampak Hospitalisasi……36
x
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 Penjelasan tentang Penelitian
Lampiran 2 Lembar Persetujuan Menjadi Responden
Lampiran 3 Lembar Kuesioner dan Lembar Observasi Penelitian
Lampiran 4 Lembar surat izin studi pendahuluan
Lampiran 5 Lembar Surat Izin Penelitian
Lampiran 6 Lembar Uji Validitas dan Reabilitas
Lampiran 7 Lembar Hasil Perhitungan SPSS
Lampiran 8 Lembar Bimbingan
Lampiran 9 Lembar Tahap pelaksanaan dan waktu penelitian
Lampiran 10 lembar Refisi sidang kti
45
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