Chapter 1

People and GovernmentChapter 1Section 1: Principals of GovernmentState (def): a political group that lives in a definite territory and has a govt with the power to make & enforce laws WITHOUT approval from any higher authority

Section 1 (contd)A. Nation (def) : any sizable group of people united by race, language, custom, tradition, and, sometimes, religion.Section 1 (contd)B. Four Purposes of Government1. maintain social order2. provide public services3. provide national security and a common defense4. to provide for and control the economic systemSection 2: Formation of GovernmentA. Federal SystemA govt where power is divided between: national and local/state level. Each level has sovereignty over certain issues. This is the UNITED STATES form !

The Federal System (aka federalism)The federal system is both a geographic distribution of power as well as a hierarchical one.

Section 2 (contd)B. What is politics ?The effort to control or influence govtWhy is this important ?conflict is dealt with in a peaceful way!

Section 2 (contd)C. Rule of Law (def):A system of law that has 4 basic principles:ALL are held accountable under the lawLaws are stable, public, & protect fundamental rightsThe process by which laws are enacted and enforced is accessible and fairJustice is delivered by competent and independent representatives

Section 3: Different Types of GovernmentAutocracypower & authority rest in one personex. Raoul Castro (Cuba)Section 3 (contd)B. Oligarchya small group holds the power

ex. China ~ communist party

Section 3 (contd)C. DemocracyRule is by the people!

Characteristics ?1. individual liberty2. majority rule with minority rights3. free elections4. competing political parties

Section 4: Economic TheoriesCapitalism private ownership, competition, choice, & profitSocialism government control of means of production & distribution of wealth and opportunityCommunism command economy decisions are made and handed down; state control of all levels