PENNSYLVANIACOMMERCIALMANUREHAULER&BROKERCERTIFICATIONWORKBOOK

ManureHaulerLevel2

2018

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CommercialManureHaulerandBrokerCertificationWorkbook

ManureHaulerLevel2TABLEOFCONTENTS

Introduction: Howtousethisworkbook..............................................................................................................2CHAPTER1: Act49Introduction,DefinitionsandCertificationLevels................................................3CHAPTER2: LawsandRegulations......................................................................................................................7CHAPTER3: Bio-security...........................................................................................................................................9CHAPTER4: SafetyIssues.......................................................................................................................................12CHAPTER5: EmergencyActionPlans................................................................................................................16CHAPTER6: NutrientManagementConcerns................................................................................................17CHAPTER7: LandApplicationIssues&ManureApplicationSetbacks...............................................21CHAPTER8: UnderstandingNutrientManagementPlansand

NutrientManagementBalanceSheets....................................................................................25CHAPTER9: ManureStacking...............................................................................................................................27CHAPTER10: SetbackandStackingGuidanceChart…………………………………………………………….30CHAPTER11: Record-Keeping.................................................................................................................................36CHAPTER12: ApplicationCalibrationMethods...............................................................................................37CHAPTER13: Odor,FliesandCommunityRelations.....................................................................................39CHAPTER14: AnswerstoSampleTestQuestions..........................................................................................44CHAPTER15: WhattoBringtoYourExamination………………………………………………………………..46HOWTOUSETHISWORKBOOK

ThisworkbookisastudyguideandreferencesourceforthoseseekingcertificationasaCommercialManureHaulerLevel2.Level2applicantswillneedtobefamiliarwithallmaterialandaresubjecttotestingofallmaterialintheworkbook.AdefinitionofCommercialManureHaulerLevelsisfoundinChapter1.Asamplingoftestquestionsfollowseachchapterofthispublication.AnswersforsampletestquestionsareprovidedinChapter14.

THEPENNSYLVANIADEPARTMENTOFAGRICULTUREENCOURAGESYOUTOKEEPTHISWORKBOOKWITHYOUATALLTIMESWHENYOUAREHAULINGMANURE.

ITCANBEAQUICKGUIDEFOR:

1. ACTIONSTOTAKEINANEMERGENCY.2. HOWMANUREMUSTBESTACKEDORAPPLIED.3. WHATRECORDSYOUMUSTKEEP.

PROGRAMCONTACTINFORMATION

Allprogramapplicationsandworksheetsshouldbemailedto:MichaelAucoinCommercialManureHaulerandBrokerProgramPennsylvaniaDepartmentofAgricultureStateConservationCommission2301NorthCameronStreet,Rm.311Harrisburg,Pa17110717-772-5218

Forprogramapplications,worksheetsorworkbookspleasecontacttheDepartmentofAgricultureorgototheDepartmentwebsiteatwww.agriculture.state.pa.gov.Selectthesearchtool,andsearchfor‘ManureHauler’toseealinktotheprogrampage.

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CHAPTER1:ACT49INTRODUCTION,DEFINITIONSandCERTIFICATIONLEVELSIntroductionWHYMUSTIBECERTIFIED?

IntroductionIn2004,theCommercialManureHaulerandBrokerCertificationAct(Act49)wassignedintoPennsylvaniaLaw.Anyindividualwhotransports,land-applies,orbrokersmanureinacommercialsituationwithinthebordersoftheCommonwealthofPennsylvaniamustsuccessfullycompleteastatecertificationprogram.

DefinitionsDOINEEDTOBECERTIFIED?

Thefollowingdefinitionsdefinewhoisacommercialmanurehaulerorbroker:

CommercialManureHauler–Apersonthattransportsorlandappliesmanureasacontractagentforanagriculturaloperatororcommercialmanurebrokerunderthedirectionoftheoperatororbroker.

Thismeansifyouarehiredbyanotherpersontohaulorapplymanuretoanotherfarmorotherbusiness,youmustbecertified.

CommercialManureBroker–Apersonthatisnotworkingfororunderthecontrolofanagriculturaloperatorandthatassumestemporarycontrolorownershipofmanurefromanagriculturaloperationandarrangesfortransporttoandutilizationatanimportingoperationorotherlocation.

Thismeansthatifyoubuyorobtainmanurefromanotherpersonandyouthendeterminewherethemanurewillbehauledtoorwhatlandthemanurewillbeappliedto,youmustbecertifiedasabroker.

SuperviseorSupervision–Tobeincontactbymeansofacellphone,two-wayradioorotherelectronicdeviceormeanswhichallowsdirectcommunicationbetweentheLevel2certifiedcommercialmanurehaulerandthecertifiedcommercialmanurebrokerorcertifiedcommercialLevel3hauler.

MANAGEMENTPLANS–allmanureapplicationsmustbedoneundertheguidanceofaplan.Threeapplicationplansarelistedhereingeneralterms.GreaterdetailontheplanscanbefoundinChapter2.

1. ManureManagementPlan(MMP)–Adetailedwrittendocumentthatdeterminestheappropriatemanureutilizationandapplicationprotocols.EveryfarmthatgeneratesorutilizesmanureinPennsylvaniamusthaveoneoftheseplans,unlessthefarmusesoneofthefollowingplansinitsplace.

2. NutrientBalanceSheet(NBS)–Adetailedwrittendocument,whichdeterminesappropriatemanure,fertilizerandothernutrientsourceapplications,ratesonimportingoperations.

3. NutrientManagementPlan(NMP)–Adetailedwrittendocument,whichcontainsbestmanagementpracticestomanagetheuseofmanureandotherplantnutrientsforcropproductionandwaterqualityprotection.

CertificationLevelsWHATLEVELOFCERTIFICATIONDOINEED?

Thereareseverallevelsofcertificationforindividualsasfollows:

CommercialManureHaulers:Youarehiredbyanotherpersontohaulorapplytheirmanuretoanotherfarmorbusinesslocation.

Ø CommercialHaulerLevel1:o Transports,butdoesnotland-applymanure.o Maytransportmanurewithoutsupervision.

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o Maystackmanureatanotherlocation.Ø CommercialHaulerLevel2:(Thisworkbookpertainstothislevel)

o Transportsandlandappliesmanure.o Isanemployee-notanowneroramanagerofthebusiness.o IssupervisedbyaLevel3haulerorLevel1or2brokers.

Ø CommercialHaulerLevel3:o Landappliesandtransportmanure.o Mayworkindependently,withoutsupervision.o MayhireandsuperviseaLevel2CommercialHauler.

CommercialManureBrokersmaybuyorobtainmanurefromanotherpersonanddeterminewhatotherfarmerorbusinessoperationisgoingtoreceivethemanure.

Ø CommercialBroker:o Isanindividualwhotakesownershipofmanurefromafarmand

arrangesfortransporttoandutilizationatanotherfarmorlocation.

o MaysuperviseaCommercialHaulerLevel2.

ResponsibilityWHATMAYIDO?WHATMUSTIDO?

LEVEL2HAULERSMAYDOTHEFOLLOWING:ALevel2HaulermayhaulandapplymanureundersupervisionofaCommercialManureHaulerLevel3orBroker1or2.Supervisionhasbeendeterminedtomeancommunicationviaradio,cellphone,orsomeothervoicedevice.Certifiedcommercialmanurehaulersorbrokersareresponsibleforthefollowingactivities:

Ø Land-applyingmanurebasedonapplicationratesandadheringtoanyapplicationrestrictionsnotedinacurrentNMP,NBSorMMP.

Ø IntheabsenceofaNMPorNBS,followapplicationproceduresinaManureManagementPlan.

Ø Retainrecordsofallmanurebrokered,hauledorland-appliedforinspectionbytheDepartment.o ThisinformationwillbecollectedbyaLevel3HaulerorLevel1or2

Broker(youremployer).o SeeChapter10‘RecordKeeping’fordetailsonthetypesofrecords

youmustkeep.Ø Maintainavalidcertification.

CertificationWHATMUSTIDOTOBECOMECERTIFIED?

ToobtainaCommercialManureHaulerLevel2certificate,youmust:Ø ReviewthisLevel2workbook.Alternatively,youcanattendAct49

OrientationclassdesignedforManureHaulerLevel3andBrokers.Ø Completeaverificationformthataccompaniesthisworkbookandsend

theverificationformtotheDepartmentofAgriculturetoreceivecredit.Ø Passamultiple-choiceexam.• Aprogramapplicationwillbesenttoyouwhenyoupasstheexam.

Ø CompletetheapplicationandsubmittotheDepartmentwiththerequiredfee.

CopiesoftheworkbookandverificationformmaybeobtainedontheDepartment’swebsiteatwww.agriculture.state.pa.gov,andselectthesearchtool,andsearchfor‘ManureHauler’.Youshouldthenseealinktotheprogrampagewhereformscanbefound,orbycalling(717)772-5218.

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Testing

TofindoutwhenandwhereLevel2certificationtestingcanbecompletedcontactthePennsylvaniaDepartmentofAgricultureat(717)772-5218orcontactyourlocalCountyConservationDistrict

FeesandCertificationTerms

Feesandcertificationtermlengthsareasfollows:Ø HaulerLevel1=$10annualfeeØ HaulerLevel2=$60for3yearsØ HaulerLevel3=$300for3yearsØ BrokerLevel1=$325for3yearsØ BrokerLevel2=$350for3years

RecertificationHOWDOIRENEWMYCERTIFICATE?

ContinuingEducationCredits(CECs)arenecessarytomaintaincertification.ThefollowinglistofCECsmustbecompletedduringthe3-yearcertificationterm.RetestingisnotnecessaryifCECrequirementsarecompleted.

Ø HaulerLevel1=nocredits;mustcompleteworksheeteveryyear.Ø HaulerLevel2=6creditsØ HaulerLevel3=9creditsØ BrokerLevel1=9creditsØ BrokerLevel2=12credits;3ormoreofthe12mustpertaintoNBS

development

YoucanobtainCECsbyattendingworkshopssponsoredbytheDepartmentofAgriculture.AvailableworkshopswillbeadvertisedthroughnewslettersorontheDepartment’s‘PaPlants’website atwww.paplants.state.pa.govunderCECMeetingSearch.

RevocationCANTHEDEPARTMENTREVOKEMYCERTIFICATE?

RevocationTheDepartmentofAgriculturemayissueaNoticeofViolation,deny,revoke,orsuspendacertificateforthefollowingreasons:

1. ViolationoftheCommercialManureHaulerandBrokerAct(Act49),theNutrientandOdorManagementAct(Act38),orDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection’sManureManagementPlan(DEPMMP)Guidance.

2. Failuretoobtainthenecessarycontinuingeducationcredits.3. Apersondoesnotmaintainrequiredrecords.4. Apersonallowstheircertificatetolapse.

Abbreviations Someoftheabbreviationsfoundinthisworkbookinclude:

CAFO–ConcentratedAnimalFeedingOperationCAO–ConcentratedAnimalOperationCEC–ContinuingEducationCreditCMU–CropManagementUnitDEP–PennsylvaniaDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtectionDepartment–PennsylvaniaDepartmentofAgricultureMMP–ManureManagementPlanN-NitrogenNBS–NutrientBalanceSheetNMP–NutrientManagementPlanP-Phosphorus

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Chapter1Sampletestquestions

1. Anycommercialpersonhauling,applyingorbrokeringmanurewithinPennsylvaniamustholdavalidcertificate.

a. Trueb. False

2. Thislevelofcommercialmanurehaulermaytransportandlandapplymanureunder

supervision.a. Level1commercialmanurehauler.b. Level2commercialmanurehauler.c. Level3commercialmanurehauler.

3. ThenumberofContinuingEducationCredits(CECs)neededbyaManureHaulerLevel2ina

three-yearperiod.a. 3CECsb. 6CECsc. 9CECsd. 12CECs

4. ALevel1commercialmanurehaulersmusthavesupervision.a. Trueb. False

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CHAPTER2:LAWSANDREGULATIONS-Thefollowinglawsandregulationsapplytothehaulingandland-applicationofmanureinPennsylvania.Act49

Act49-TheCommercialManureHaulerandBrokerCertificationLaw.

Ø Anycommercialmanurehaulerorbrokertransportingorland-applyingmanuremustholdavalidcertificateunderthelawtooperateinPennsylvania.

Ø Thelawassuresthataresponsibleandknowledgeablepersonproperlyhandlesmanure.

Ø Thelawestablishesrecord-keepingrequirementsforallpersonscertifiedundertheprogram.

Ø Acertifiedmanurehaulerorbroker,whenland-applyingmanure,mustapplymanureatratesestablishedinanapprovedNMPorNBSforthefarm,ifthatfarmisaConcentratedAnimalOperation(CAO),ConcentratedAnimalFeedingOperation(CAFO)orimportsmanurefromaCAOorCAFO.(SeeinformationonaCAOandCAFObelow).IfafarmisnotaCAOorCAFOthenmanuremustbeappliedaccordingtotheDEPMMP.

Act38NutrientManagementActCAO

TheNutrientManagementConnection.

Ø Act49alsosupportsexportedmanurerequirementsintheNutrientManagementAct(Act38).

Ø Act38preserveswaterqualityinPennsylvaniabyregulatinghigh-densitylivestock.

Ø UnderAct38,farmscalledConcentratedAnimalOperations(CAO)musthaveanapprovedNutrientManagementPlan(NMP).

Ø AnagriculturaloperationhavinganapprovedAct38NMPthatexportsmanureofftheoperationandusesacommercialmanurehaulerorbroker,mustuseahaulerorbrokerthatholdsavalidcertificationissuedbytheDepartmentofAgriculture.

Ø IfaCAOexportsmanure,aNutrientBalanceSheet(NBS)mustbedevelopedforanyotherfarmlandwherethemanurefromtheCAOisappliedandthemanuremustbeappliedtothatfarmasdescribedintheNBS.

CAFO ConcentratedAnimalFeedingOperation(CAFO)program.

Ø TheCAFOprogramisawaterqualityprogramundertheFederalCleanWaterAct.ThereareonlyseveralhundredfarmsinthestatedefinedasCAFOs.

Ø Itwasdevelopedtolowerthelevelofpollutantsfrommanurethatcangetintostreamsandotherwater.

Ø SimilartotheCAOsituationabove,whenmanureisexportedofftheCAFO,aNBSmustbedevelopedforanyotherfarmlandapplyingthemanurefromtheCAFOandthemanuremustbeappliedtothatfarmasstatedintheNBS.

DEPManureManagementPlan(DEPMMP)

ManureManagementPlans(MMP)Ø BeginningonOctober29,2011allmanuremustbeappliedataplannedrate

andoutsideofsetbackslistedinthatplan.Ø Intheabsenceofaplannotedabove(Act38NMPorNBS)allmanuremustbe

appliedasdirectedbyaDEPManureManagementPlan.Ø MMPscanbedevelopedforthefarmbyanyoneincludingthefarmerorcertified

hauler.Ø CopiesoftheMMPGuidancecanbefoundontheDEPwebsite(www.dep.pa.gov)

by searching the site for “Land Application of Manure”.

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PACleanStreamsLaw

Ø ThePennsylvaniaCleanStreamsLawisawaterqualitylawthatismeanttolowertheamountofpollutionthatcangetintoastreamorotherwater.

Ø Ifmanureisspilled,spreadorstackedtooclosetoastreamorotherwateritcangetintothewaterandcauseproblems.

Ø Anypersonthatallowsmanuretogetintoastreamorotherwatermaygetapenaltyunderthislaw.

Ø TheCleanStreamsLawalsoregulateslandapplicationofsewagesludge(Biosolids)thatmustbeappliedbypermitaccordingtoaplanthatoutlinesapplicationratesandsetbacks.TheBiosolidsCertificationprogramisaseparatecertificationprogramthanthismanure-orientedprogram.

Chapter2Sampletestquestions1. WhatdoesCAFOstandfor?

a. ConcentratedAnimalOperationb. ConcentratedAnimalFactoryOperationc. ConcentratedAnimalFarmOdord. ConcentratedAnimalFeedingOperation

2. WhatdoesCAOstandfor?

a. ConcentratedAnimalOperationb. ConcentratedAnimalFactoryc. ConcentratedAnimalOdord. ConcentratedAnimalFeedingOperation

3. IfmanureisexportedfromaCAOorCAFO,usingacommercialmanurehauler,thathaulermust

becertified.a. Trueb. False

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CHAPTER3:BIO-SECURITY-Thischaptergiveshelpfulinformationaboutproperstepstotaketomakesureanimaldiseasesarenotspreadfromonefarmtoanother.DefinitionofBio-security

DefinitionBio-security–Involvesstepsandproceduresapersoncantaketopreventtheintroductionandspreadofdiseasesfromoneherdorflockofanimalstoanother.Ø Specialprecautionsmustbetakenwhenmovingfromfarmtofarmorwhen

movingbetweenanimalgroupsonthesamefarm.Ø Diseasescanbespreadwhenmanureattachedtoapersonorequipmentis

movedtoanewfarmortoanotherherdorflockofanimals.

Bio-securityProtocolsSTANDARDSTOPREVENTTHESPREADINGOFDISEASESLinesofSeparation

ProtocolsØ Mostfarmshavebio-securityproceduresthatyoushouldfollowinorderto

preventdiseasetransfer.

Ø Poultryandswinefarmsarelikelytohavethestrictestbio-securityprocedures.

o Producersmayrequireorrequestthatequipmentbewashedandsanitizedbeforecomingtotheirfarm.

o Beforetravelingtoanewfarm,makesureyouareawareofthe

producer'sbio-securityproceduresandfollowit!Ø Introductionofdiseasetoafarmcausesalossinanimalproduction.Thishas

anegativeimpactonfarmincome,whichcanhavenegativeimpactsonyourincome.

Ø Alwaysaskthefarmerifhehasbio-securityprotocolsthathefollowstopreventdiseaseintroduction.

LinesofSeparationisaprotocolwhereequipmentandhumantrafficpatternsatafarmismanagedsoequipment,feed,andpeopleworkingwithon-sitelivestockdonotphysicallycrosspathswithotherequipmentthatmayworkwithmultiplefarms.Forinstance,yourmanureapplicationequipmentmayneedtoenterandexitthefarmonapathwherefeedtrucksandbarnworkersdonotcross.Inthisscenario,ifyoubringaninfectiousagenttothefarmonyourtiresorbootsthentheriskofsomeone(orsomething)physicallycrossingyourtravelpath,pickinguptheinfectiousagent,andintroducingittothefarm’sfeedsystem,employees,andanimalsisminimized.Thus,youcanenvisionalineofseparationbetweenthetrafficpatternsofdifferentpeopleatthefarmthatarenotphysicallycrossed.

SpottedLanternfly

SpottedLanternfly(SFL)isaninvasiveinsectthatiscapableofcausinglargeamountsofdamagetoagriculturalandforestproducts,suchasgrape,tree-fruit,hardwood,andlandscapeproducts.

QuarantineAreasandProtocols.OriginallydiscoveredinBerksCounty,controllingthespreadofSpottedLanternflytonewareasiscritical.QuarantinerestrictionsareinplaceforcertainareasofPennsylvania.Ifyoumoveintoandoutofquarantineareas,youmustmakesureyouarenottransportinganylivinglifestagesoftheSLF.Quarantineareamaps,protocolsforinspectionandidentification,instructionsonwhatdoifyoufindSLF’s,andhowtoreportSLFsightingsaresuppliedbythePADepartmentofAgricultureandbyPennStateUniversity.Furtherinformationcanbefoundbysearching‘SpottedLanternfly’atthesewebsites.

Ø PDA-www.agriculture.pa.gov

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Ø PSU-www.extension.psu.edu/spotted-lanternfly

SpottedLanternflyPermits.Manurehandlingbusinessesmovingintoandoutofaquarantineareaarerequiredtohaveapermit.TheSpottedLanternflyPermitcanbecompletedonlineatthePDAaddresslistedabove.Thepermitisfreeofcharge.Thepermitprovidesevidencethatyouhavecompletedtrainingonhowtofollowtherulesofthequarantineorder.

Afewtips:Ø Keepabreastofquarantineareas,whichcanchangeiftheinsectis

discoveredinnewareas.Ø LearnhowtoidentifyandkillSLFeggmasses,nymphsandadults.Ø ‘Lookbeforeyouleave’.Inspectyourequipmentbeforeyouleaveasite.

o EggscanbefoundOctober–Mayo NymphscanbefoundMay–July

Ø Avoidparkingequipmentundertrees. The female SLF often lays eggs on objects that are under the trees she is feeding on. You should try to change your habits about where you park. Park vehicles in open fields, away from tree lines, or in a closed garage if possible.

Ø AttainapermitandusetheSLFchecklist(youwilllearnaboutthechecklistduringpermitting).

SanitizingEquipmentWHATDOINEEDTODOWHENGOINGTOANOTHERFARM?

Sanitation/CleaningØ Paycarefulattentiontothepropersanitationofthefollowingitemswhen

travelingtoanewfarm:o Equipment–trucks,tractors,tanks,spreaders,toolbarso Tireso Bootso Clotheso Handsandbodyo Anysurfacethathasbeenincontactwithmanure

Ø Bio-securitymeasuresshouldbecommonsenseroutineactivities,justlikewashingyourhandsfordinner.

IncreasedRiskWHATINCREASESTHECHANCEOFSPREADINGDISEASE?

Thefollowingitemsincreasebio-securityrisk:Ø MultiplefarmvisitsinasingledayØ DirectanimalcontactØ DirectmanurecontactortransferØ UncleanequipmentØ TravelingfromafarmthathasanimalhealthconcernsØ ForeigntravelØ Outbreaksinflypopulations

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Chapter3Sampletestquestions1. Managementmeasurestakentopreventthetransferofdiseasesfromonefarmtoanotherare

called:a. Medicationb. Diseasetransferc. Infectiousagentsd. Bio-securityprotocol

2. Whenmovingfromfarmtofarmitisgoodbusinesstowashandsanitizeequipmentthathas

contactedmanure.a. Trueb. False

3. Travelpatternsofmanurehandlersandtheirequipmentthatphysicallycrosspathswithemployeesandvehiclesthatworkdirectlywithafarm’sanimalsincreasehealthrisktotheanimals.Whatistheprotocolcalledthatpreventsthetravelpathsofthesetwogroupsfromcrossing?

a. Biosecurityb. FeedTruckDeliveryc. LineofSeparationd. DraglineApplication

4. TheSpottedLanternflyisaninvasiveinsect.Whichofthefollowingareyourequiredtoattainif

youtravelintoandoutoftheSpottedLanternflyQuarantineAreawithmanureequipmentusedinthefield?

a. PesticideLicenseb. Windshieldbugscreensc. SpottedLanternflyPermitd. SpottedLanternflyIdentificationCard

5. WhichofthefollowingisNOTconsideredahighbio-securityrisk?

a. Singlefarmvisitsinadayb. Directanimalcontactc. Manureonequipmentd. Notwashinghands

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CHAPTER4:SAFETYISSUES-Thissectiondiscussessafetyproblemsandgivesyouhelpfulinformationaboutwhattodoincaseofanemergency.SpillResponseWHATSHOULDIDOIFTHEREISAMANURESPILLWHATIFMYEQUIPMENTBREAKSDOWN?

EMERGENCYSPILLORLEAK-ResponseProcedure

1. AssureHumanSafetyØ Ifaspillorleakhappensoryoubreakdownonaroad–Callsafety

authoritiessuchaspoliceandfiremen.Dial911fromaphonetodothis.Ø Useflares,reflectivesafetytriangles,flags,ortrafficconestowarnand

slowmotorists.Ø Alwayscarryemergencyequipmentinyourvehicles.

2. StoptheLeakatthesourceIfaleakhappenswhileemptyingmanurestorage,youshould:Ø Stoppumps.Closevalves.Shutoffpowertomanureorwaterpumps.Ø Separatepipestocreateanairgaptostopflowduetosiphoning.Ø Directmanuretoanotherstorage.Ø Plugholes.Builddamsonearthenstorages.Ø Parkontopofflexiblepipingtopinchitclosed.Ifaleakhappenswhileontheroad,youshould:Ø Pullofftothesideoftheroad.Ifpossible,pullintoafarmfieldtoallow

manuretospillontoacropfieldwherenutrientscanbeusedbythecrop.Ø ShutoffthevalveorplugtheleakifpossibletostoptheflowØ Buildupabermfromsoilorstonestostopthemanurefromrunninginto

astream,ditch,wellorstormrunoffinlet.3. Containandcontroltheexistingspill.Limitimpactarea.Prevent

introductiontowater.Ø Buildacontainmentdaminfieldorditch.Aholecanbedugtoactasa

sumpareaformanuretoflowinto.Removemanurefromthesecollectionareasandapplytocropland.Vacuumtankscanbeusedtohelpcleanupspilledmanure,ifyoudonothavevacuumcapabilitiesonyourequipmententercontactinformationforsomeonewhodoesintoyourEmergencyActionPlanandphonecontactlist.

Ø Checkfortileflowsanddivertflowfromtileinlets.Ø Preventmanurefromenteringastream,ditch,well,orstormrunoffinlet.Ø Usesoil,sand,orhaybalestoholdbackthemanureleakandmakeanarea

forittoruninto.Ashovelshouldbekeptwithmanureequipmenttohelpcleanupsmallspillsandtohelpcontrolflowoflargerspills.Callanexcavatorifneeded.

Ø Useabsorbentmaterialtosoakupthemanuresuchasstraw,hay,sawdust,orsoiltolimitorstopflow.

ONCEHUMANSAFETYISASSURED,THESPILLISSTOPPEDATTHESOURCE,ANDFLOWISCONTROLLEDMOVETOSTEPS4&5.

4. Notifytheproperauthorities.Ø ManyfarmsandmanurehaulingcompanieshaveEmergencyActionPlans

thatprovidephonenumbersandotherinformationforreportingspills.TheEmergencyActionPlancanbefoundinafarm’sNutrientManagementPlan.

Ø Spillsonroadwaysandthosethatentersurfacewatersmustbereportedtoauthorities.(PaDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection,PaDepartmentofTransportation,PaTurnpikeCommissionifthespillwasontheturnpike).

Ø Writedownandmakearecordofdetailsofthespillandtheactionsyoutook.Placethisonfiletoprotectyoufromfuturelegalactions.

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5. Cleanupthespill.Ø Ifthespillhappenedonaroadwayormanuregotintoastream,

authoritiesmayneedtodirectcleanupefforts.Ø Alwayscollectspilledmanureandabsorbentmaterialanddisposeofthe

materialthroughcroplandapplicationorplacingitinstorage.Ø Ifthespilloccurredinanenvironmentallysensitiveareaitmaybe

necessarytoremovesoilfromthearea.Ø Restorethedamagedarea.Vegetationmayneedplanted.

StorageFreeboard

FreeboardinliquidmanurestoragesØ Freeboardistheareaabovethemaximum-engineereddepthofastorage.Ø Freeboardisasafetycapacityarea(volume)designedtopreventmanure

overflowduringemergencies,suchasextremelyheavyrains.Ø NEVERFILLAMANURESTORAGEABOVEFREEBOARD.Ø Freeboardisoften1or2feetofdepthfromthetopofastorage.Askthe

farmerwhatthefreeboardisforthestoragesontheirfarm.GasConcernsWHATARECOMMONMANURESTORAGESAFETYHAZARDS?ConfinedSpaceDefinitionAgitation

Manurestorageareascanproducedeadlygasses.

Ø Allmanureisorganicmaterialundermicrobialdegradation.Gassesareaby-productofthisdecomposition.

Ø Gassesproducedbymanurecanbeodorless,colorlessorexplosive.Somedeadlygassesareheavierthanairandwillcollectinenclosedarea.

Ø Alwaysassumegassesarepresent.GassessuchasCarbonDioxideareodorlessandoftenconsideredharmless,butifthatgasdisplacesOxygenitcancauseunconsciousnessanddeath.

Ø Gassescancauseyoutopassoutinjustseconds.ConfinedSpacesareplaceswithlimitedmeansofentryandexitthatarenotdesignedfornormalworkeroccupancy.Evenoutdoormanurestoragesareconsideredconfinedspaceseventhoughtheremaybeblueskyabove.Onceyouareinsidethefenceofanoutdoorstorageyouareinaplacenotdesignedfornormalworkeroccupancy.Ø Enclosedareascancollectdeadlygas.Thesedangerousconfinedareascan

includemanurepits,manureapplicationtanks,andevenopen-airstorages.DONOTENTERMANURESTORAGEAREASTHATARECONFINEDORHAVERESTRICTEDVENTILATION.Ø Onlyprofessionalsshouldenterconfinedspaceswhilewearingself-contained

breathingequipment.Theyshouldalsohavehelpnearbyandbetiedtoasafetyline.

Ø IFSOMEONEISOVERCOMEBYGAS.o DONOTGOINTOACONFINEDSPACETORESCUETHEM.o VENTILATETHESPACE.Opendoors,curtainsandcovers.Turnonfans.

Gettingfreshairtotheunconsciouspersonaccomplishesthesamegoalas

gettingthepersontofreshair.o CALL911.o Ceasemanureagitation.

Agitationandmovementofmanuregreatlyincreasethereleaseofgasthatistrappedinthemanure.Gasreleaseshouldbeexpectedeverytimemanureishandled.Asimplevisualexampleofthisiswhenascoopistakenfromamanurestackonacolddayandsteamisseenescapingfromthemanure.MOSTOFTHETIMEGASESPRESENTANINVISIBLEDANGER.

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HydrogenSulfideGypsumBedding

HydrogenSulfideistheMostDangerousGasproducedfrommanure.Ø HydrogenSulfide(H2S)cancauseimmediatelossofconsciousnessanddeath

throughasphyxiationatlevelsaslowas600partspermillion(ppm)intheair.Ø Hydrogensulfideis‘HEAVIERTHANAIR’andcanaccumulateinlowspots,

confinedspaces,orareaswithlittleairmovement.Thiscanoccuroutdoors.Ø AtlowlevelsH2Sisoftendescribedassmellinglike‘rotteneggs’.However,at

levelsaslowas100ppmthegascandeadenthesenseofsmell.Thismeansthatyoucannotsmellthegasatdangerouslevels.

Ø H2Sisproducedbymicrobesinmanure.Ø SourcesofSulfurcontributiontomanure(fromfeed,water,bedding,

footbaths)increasetheriskofH2Sproduction.Ø Anaerobic(oxygenfree)zonesinmanureincreaseriskofH2Sproduction.

Deeperliquidmanurestoragesaremorelikelytoproducethisgas.Ø OneknownSulfursourceisgypsum.Gypsum(drywall)isaby-productof

industryandisusedbymanydairyandcattleproducersasabeddingcomponent.GypsumcontainsCalciumSulfate(CaSO4)andwhenitentersanaerobicareassuchasmanurestoragestheoxygeninitschemicalformulamaybeutilizedbybacteria,yieldingagaseousby-productofhydrogensulfide.

AdditionalConcerns

Additionaldangersofliquidmanurestorages.Ø Fallingintoliquidmanurecanmeandeathevenforanexcellentswimmer.Ø Becausemanureisoftenthickerthanwatermovementcanbedifficultinthe

thickmaterial.Ø Swimmingmotionsmayincreasegasreleaseratesdirectlyintothelocation

abovethemanuretotheareafromwhichyouaretryingtobreath.Ø Steepandslicksidesofstoragescanmakeitdifficulttogetoutofastorage.Ø Neverworkaloneonjobswhereriskoffallingintoastorageorconfined

spaceismoderateorhigh.Itisrecommendedthateachmanuretankandpumpbefittedwithfloatationdevisesattachedtoaweatherresistantline.

OperationTipsGasMonitorsRecommended

SafetyTipsforOperatorsØ Whenworkinginside,suchascleanoutofapoultrybarn;ALWAYSventilate

theareawhileworking.Itistemptingtoshutdownfanstosavemoney,butthatcomeswithhealthrisks.

Ø Considerwinddirectionwhensettinguphandlingoperations.Abreezeatyourbackasyoulookatthestoragewillmovedangerousgassesawayfromtheworksite.

Ø Avoidworkinginlow-lyingareas,orareaswherethereis‘dead’air.Ø ALWAYSremoveagitationequipmentoutofandawayfromastoragewhen

performingmaintenance.AstudybyPurdueUniversityshowedthat33%ofdeathsassociatedwithmanureoccurredduringrepairandmaintenance.Thesearehigh-risktimes.Takeafewminutestoworksafely.

Ø NEVERreachorworkovertheedgeofanopenmanurestorage.Ø NEVERenteraconfinedspace.Ø Whenworkingwithaconfinementbuilding,suchasaswineorpoultryhouse,

makesureothersdonotinadvertentlyenterthebuilding.Lockouttagsshouldbeplacedondoorandgatestowarnothersofriskwithinthebuilding.

Ø Purchaseorrentagasmonitor.Thegasmonitorshouldbewornwhenhandlingmanuretowarnyouofdangerousgaslevels.ThemostimportantgastomonitorisHydrogenSulfide.Ifmulti-gasmonitorsareusedalsoconsidermonitoringAmmonia,Methane,andOxygen.

- 15 -

Chapter4Sampletestquestions1. Whicharethestepsthatshouldbetakenduringspillresponse?

a. Reportthespilltoauthoritiesandthenpumpthemanurebackintothestorage.b. Reporttoauthorities,stopmanureatthesourceandthenmonitorcleanup.c. Assurehumansafety,stoptheflowatthesource,containtheexistingspillandthen

notifytheproperpeopleandbegincleanup.d. Containtheexistingspill,stoptheflowatthesource,notifytheproperpeopleand

thenputuproadsafetydevises.

2. Duringamanurespillwhichofthefollowingshouldbedonefirst?a. Containrunningspillb. Notifyauthoritiesc. Stopflowatthesourced. LookforspillguidelinesinanEmergencyActionPlan(EAP)

3. Freeboardcanbeignoredduringwhatperiodsoftheyear?

a. Springbecausemanurewillsoonberemovedb. Winterbecauseapplicationcannotoccurclosetowaterc. Fallbecausemanurewillnotbeapplieduntilthespringgrowingseasond. Freeboardshouldneverbeignoredorexceeded.

4. Whichgasisconsideredthemostdangerousproducedfrommanure?

a. HydrogenSulfideb. Ammoniac. Methaned. Oxygen

5. IfwindisblowingfromtheWesttotheEast,whichwouldbethesafestlocationtoworkat

whenconsideringgasexposurerisk?a. Northb. Southc. Eastd. West

6. Allofthefollowingscenariospresentgasexposurerisks.Statisticsshowthat33%of

manurestoragedeathsoccurduringwhichactivity?a. Whenworkingonthedownwindsideofastorageb. Duringrepairandmaintenancec. Whenworkinginpoultrybarnswhereventilationisshutoffd. Whenworkingwithmanurethatcontainsgypsumbedding

7. OutdoormanurestoragescanbeconsideredConfinedSpaces.

a. Trueb. False

- 16 -

CHAPTER5:EMERGENCYACTIONPLANSEmergencyActionPlan

EmergencyActionPlans(EAP)Ø EAPsprovideanactionplantoguideemergencyresponse.Ø ProducersoftenhaveanEAPwiththeirNutrientManagementPlan.Ø Itisrecommendedthatmanure-haulingcompaniesdeveloptheirownEAPsand

keepacopyineachtruckortractor.Ø BefamiliarwiththeEAPofthefarm(s)orhaulingcompanywhereyouare

working.

WhatIsInAnEAP?

EAPsshouldlistthefollowing:Ø EmergencyphonenumbersØ AddressoffarmØ ContactinformationforearthmovingequipmentØ Contactinformationforahaulerorsewagehandlerthathasatankwithvacuum

abilities(ifyourequipmentdoesnothavethisability).Ø Localagenciesthatmayneedtonotificationofspills

Chapter5Sampletestquestions1. AnEmergencyActionPlancontainswhichofthefollowing?

a. Addressoffarmb. Normalwinddirectionc. Fieldsusedformanureevacuationd. Directionsonhowtohideamanurespill

2. Whatisthenameoftheplanthatlistspeopleandagenciesthatcanbecontactedincaseofanaccidentalmanurerelease?

a. ConcentratedAnimalFeedingOperation(CAFO)b. RighttoFarmLawc. EmergencyActionPlan(EAP)d. EmergencyStrategy

- 17 -

CHAPTER6:NUTRIENTMANAGEMENTCONCERNSIntroduction

Whyarethereconcernswithmanureandwaterquality?

Ø Manurecontainsnutrientsthatwhenintroducedtogroundorsurfacewatercannegativelyinfluencetheenvironment.

Ø Manurecancontaindiseasesandnutrientsthatcancausepeopleandanimalstobecomesickordie.

Ø Handling,storing,stackingorland-applyingmanureinamannerthatintroducesmanureorleachesliquidfrommanure,intogroundorsurfacewaterisillegal.

Ø Beforehandling,storing,stackingorland-applyingmanure,refertotheBestManagementPractices(BMPs)ofthefarmwherethemanurecomesfrom.Also,checkwiththeimporterforBMPs.TheserecommendationsareoftenfoundinaNutrientManagementPlanorManureManagementPlan.

Ø Manurenutrientsofenvironmentalconcernare:o Nitrogen(N)o Phosphorus(P)

NitrogenandPhosphorusInCropProductionN&P

Nitrogen(N)andPhosphorus(P)

Ø CropsneedtouptakeNandPfromthesoiltogrow.Ø Someofthenutrientsaresuppliedbythesoilandfromcropresidues.Ø AdditionalrequiredNandPareappliedtothesoilintheformoffertilizers

andmanure.Ø NandPcantakeonmanydifferentformsinthesoil.Someformscanbeused

bythecropswhileotherscannot.

NutrientsandWaterPollution

Howdonutrientsenterwatersystems?

Ø BothNandPcanenterwaterinthefollowingways.o Manureisoverappliedorspilleddirectlyintoawaterway.o Manureiswashedintoawaterwayasrunoffbyrainorsnowmelt.o Manurenutrientsattachtosoilparticles,whichenterawaterwayas

sedimentfromerosionduringarunoffevent.o Manurenutrientsleach(seep)throughthesoilandenter

undergroundwater.Ø Surfaceorgroundwatersourcesthatareatrisktomanurenutrientpollution

includethefollowing:o Streamsandriverso Pondsandlakeso Tileinlets(undergroundfielddrains)o Drainagediversionsorditches(fieldsandroadsides)o Wellheadso Sinkholes

Ø SomeformsofNandPinthesoilaremoresusceptibletolossthanothers

- 18 -

NitrogenInTheEnvironmentN

Nitrogen(N)

Ø Nitrogencanbelosttotheenvironmentinmanydifferentways.Cropuptakeisdesired.Nitrogenfromfertilizerormanurecanbelostintheseways:

o Volatilize(vaporize)intotheairwhenmanureorureafertilizerareappliedandleftonthesoilsurface

o Becarrieddirectlyoffafieldinrunofffromrainormeltingsnowo Canbecarriedoffthefieldwithsoiliferosionoccurso Leachthroughthesoilintothegroundwater

Ø Manureandfertilizerapplicationsaremanagedtominimizethelossofthe

appliednutrients(NandP)totheenvironment.Thesemanagementstrategiesinclude:

o Applyingmanureandfertilizerataratethatprovidesmaximumcropproductionwithminimalenvironmentalrisk

o Timingofmanureandfertilizerapplicationtoavoidtimesoftheyearwhenriskofnutrientlossishigh

o Usinganappropriatemethodofmanureorfertilizerapplicationo Incorporationofmanureorfertilizerafterapplicationtoreduceboth

volatilizationandrunofflossesThemanywaysthatNcanleavethefieldareillustratedinthisdiagram.

N Leaching of liquids from manure into ground water.

Volatilization.

Runoff/Erosion of soil or manure.

Crop Uptake (desired).

- 19 -

PhosphorusInTheEnvironmentP

Phosphorus(P)

Ø PhosphorusislostfromthesoilsurfacewhenrunoffcarriesmanuredirectlytoawatersourceorwhenPthatisattachedtosoilthatislostbyerosion.Whenthesoilparticlewashesaway,itwillcarryPwithit.InPennsylvaniasoils,thereisgenerallylittlePleaching.

Ø TominimizePloss,manureandfertilizermustbeappliedinwaysthatdonotincreaserunofforerosion.

Ø LikewithN,reducingexposuretorunoffanderosionduringtimesofhighrainfallorfrozensoilsisdonebymanagingmanureapplicationrates,methodsandtiming.

Phosphorusmainlyleavesafieldbysurfaceflow.ThereisnovolatilizationandlittleleachingofP.

LandApplicationRates

Howdoyoudeterminemanureapplicationrates?

Ø Manureapplicationratesarecalculatedtomeetneedsforoptimumcropproductionandtoprotecttheenvironment.TherearetablesintheDEPMMPthatprovidepre-calculatedapplicationrates.

Ø Thefollowinginformationisusedtodeterminemanureapplicationrates:1. SoilTest-usedtoestimatesoilnutrientavailabilityandrecommendthe

amountofnutrientsfrommanureorfertilizersrequiredtomeetcropnutrientneeds.

2. Croppingandmanurehistory–usedtoaccountforothernutrientsalreadyavailableinthesoilregardlessofthemanureapplied.

3. Netcropneeds-Anynutrientcreditsfromthehistoryoranyothernutrientsthatmightbeapplied(suchasstarterfertilizer)aredeductedfromthesoiltestrecommendation.

4. ManureTest–Atestthatdeterminestheamountofnutrientsthemanurecontains.

Crop Uptake (desired).

Leaching of liquids from manure into ground water.

Runoff/Erosion of soil or manure. P

- 20 -

5. PhosphorusIndex–TheP-IndextestssoilsinfieldsthathavepotentialtopollutewaterwaysanddeterminesifPhosphoruspollutionislikelytooccur.TheP-IndexisfieldspecificandtellswhetheryoucanspreadmanurebasedonPavailabilityinthesoil,thegeographyofthefieldandpotentialforrunoff.

Ø Manurerateswillvarydependingonsoiltestresults,cropneeds,the

concentrationofnutrientsinthemanure,andhowthemanureisapplied.Thisiswhyyouoftenseedifferentratesrequiredfromfarmtofarmandoftenevenonthesamefarmforthesamecrop.

Summary

ChapterSummary

Ø Manurecomponents(N,P,diseases)cancausewaterpollution.Ø Restrictionsareneededtokeepmanurefrombothsurfaceandgroundwater.Ø NitrogenandPhosphorusarethenutrientsofenvironmentalconcernfoundin

manure.Ø MMPs,NMPsandNBSsgiveenvironmentallysafemanureapplicationrateson

afield-by-fieldbasis.Theseratesprotecttheenvironmentwhileprovidingtheproperamountofnutrientsneededforcropgrowth.

Chapter6Sampletestquestions1. WhenfoundinaNutrientManagementPlan,“N”standsforwhichofthefollowingelements?

a. Neutralizerb. Fertilizerc. Nitrogend. NitroGlycerin

2. WhichofthefollowingarewaysthatNcanbelostfromthesoil?

a. Leachingb. Volatilizationc. Runoffd. Alloftheabove

3. WhichnutrientisoneofthemanurenutrientsthataNutrientManagementPlanapplication

ratecanbebasedon?a. Proteinb. Potashc. Phosphorusd. Potassium

4. NutrientManagementPlansgiveenvironmentallysafemanureapplicationrates,whileallowing

foroptimalplantgrowth.a. Trueb. False

- 21 -

CHAPTER7:LANDAPPLICATIONISSUESANDMANUREAPPLICATIONSETBACKSManureNutrientPlacement

Theplacementofmanurenutrientsiscriticaltoattainplannedcropproductionandforsafeguardingtheenvironment.Placingnutrientsinatimelymannerorlocationthatputthematriskoftransportawayfromcropuptakeisnotprovidinggoodservicetothefarm.InsteadofManureApplicationwereallyoughttorefertothisworkasManureNutrientPlacement.

Placingmanurenutrientsonthefieldsotheydonotleavemeansnotonlyfollowingaplan,butalsoconsideringrisksassociatedwithitemssuchasgroundcover,slope,impendingweather,soilconditions,andmanurequalities.

ApplicationRateWHATMANUREAPPLICATIONRESOURCESAREAVAILABLE?

Youcanusethesesourcesasguidesformanureapplicationratesandsetbacks.

Ø NutrientManagementPlan(NMP)-Availablefromthefarmer.Ø NutrientBalanceSheet(NBS)-Availablefromtheimportingfarmerorbroker.Ø DEPManureManagementManual(MMP)

o ItcontainsguidelinesforallmanureapplicationforallfarmsthatdonothaveaNMPoraNBS.

o Ifafarmdoesnothaveoneofthesethreeplansthenacommercialmanurehaulerorbrokermaynotapplymanureonthatoperationuntiloneofthosethreeplansarewritten,howeveracommercialmanurehaulerorbrokermayoffertodevelopaDEPMMPforthefarm.

Maps

Mapsaretobeusedforapplicationguidance.

Ø Alloftheplanslistedabovemustcontainmapsthatshowthelandswheremanureistobeapplied.

Ø Thesemapsmustalsoidentifyenvironmentallysensitiveareaswheremanureapplicationisforbiddenorrestricted.Theseareasareknownasmanureapplicationsetbacks.

Ø ItisimportanttorealizethatsetbackallowancescanvarybetweenMMP,NMPandNBSplans.Setbackdistancescanvaryfromfieldtofield,andfarmtofarm.

Setbacks Setbackrequirementsvarybetweenplans.SeeChapter9Chartforplan-specificguidance.

Thesesetbackscanbehardtomemorize.Itisrecommendedthatyoumakecopiesofthechartforreferenceinthefield.However,iftheapplicationplaniscorrectthenecessaryapplicationsetbackswillbelistedintheplanandshownontheplanmap.

VegetatedBuffers

Permanentvegetativebuffersarepermanentstripsofperennialvegetationparalleltothecontoursof,andperpendicularto,thedominantslopeofthefield,locatedbetweenthefieldandtheprotectedlandfeature(stream,lake,pond,sinkhole)andhasflowcharacteristicsthatareprimarilysheetflowwithnoobviousconcentratedflow(convergingrills,ephemeralgullies,classicgullies)into/within/leavingthebuffer.

Winter

Therearespecialconditionsforwintermanureapplications.

Ø Winterisdefinedwhenanyoneofthefollowingoccurs:o ThecalendarperiodfromDecember15throughFebruary28o Thegroundisfrozentoadepthof4inches.

- 22 -

o Thegroundissnow-covered,whichmeansevenifsnowdoesnotcovertheentirefield,theentirefieldisstillconsideredsnowcoveredandmustfollowthewinterapplicationrestrictions.

FallandWinterApplicationWinterFall

Sincecropswillnotuptakenutrientsuntilspringtheriskofnutrientlossfromfallandwinterapplicationisincreased.WinterapplicationcanonlybedoneonfieldsthatareidentifiedforsuchapplicationintheMMP,NMPorNBS.Winterapplicationmustbedoneongroundthathas25%ormoregroundcover(vegetationorcropresidue).Forfallapplications,refertothetablebelowforcompletedetailsbetweentypesofplans.ForlandsusingaNMPorNBSfallapplicationshouldbedoneinoneofthesemanners:

1. Ongroundwith25%ormoregroundcover,OR2. Manureshouldbeinjectedduringapplication,OR3. Incorporatedwithin5days,usingminimalsoildisturbanceconsistentwith

no-tillfarming,orafieldmustbeplantedtoacovercropintimetoallowforcropestablishmentpriortowinter.

MaximumLiquidApplicationRate

Themaximummanureapplicationrateatonetimeforliquidmanuremaynotexceed9,000gallons/acre.Ø Soilinfiltrationrates(theabilityofsoiltoabsorbliquid)arelimited.This

meansthatapplicationratesabove9,000gallons/acrearemoresusceptibletorunoffbecausetheliquidisplacedonthelandmorequicklythanitcanbeheldbythesoil.

Ø LandsmanagedunderMMPshavewintertimemaximumapplicationratesof:o 5,000gallons/acreforliquidmanureso 20tons/acreofsolidmanureo 3tons/acreofsolidpoultrymanure.

Ø Itispossiblethatafieldneedsmorethan9,000gallons/acreofmanuretosatisfythenutrientneedsofthecrop.Plansshouldspecifymanureapplicationtiminginthesesituations.Ifmorethan9,000gallons/acreisneededtosatisfyaplan’sapplicationrate,thenasplitapplicationisnecessary.Thesecondpassshouldbemadeonlyafterthefirstapplicationisdry.

Ø 9,000gallons/acreisabout1/3ofaninchofliquid.

SoilCompaction

Whatcausessoilcompaction?Ø Soilcompactionisrelatedtosoilmoistureandequipmentweightload.Ø Moresoilmoisturemeansmorecompaction.Ø Heavyloadsincreasecompaction.Ø Frozenordrysoilwillexperienceminimalcompaction.

Whyissoilcompactionbad?Ø Soilcompaction:

o Decreasescropyieldo Decreaseswaterholdingcapacityinsoilo Decreaseswaterpermeability(abilityforwatertoseepintothesoil)o Compactionincreasestheriskoferosionandmanurerunoff(water

cannotsinkintothegroundandcarriesmanureandsoilwithitwhenitrunsoff).

Howtominimizesoilcompaction.

- 23 -

MinimizeCompaction

Ø 75%ofcompactionoccursonthefirstpass,usetravellanesforrepeatedtravel.

Ø Increasespeedoftravel.Shorterloadtimesonthesoilreducecompaction.Ø Increasetirefootprintwithoneofthefollowingstrategies:

o Useflotationtireso Reducetirepressuretotheminimumallowedo Usetracksorduels(increasewidth)o Increasetirediameter(increaselength)

Ø Use4-wheeldrive-itwillhelpreducesoilcompaction.Ø Avoiddrivingonwetsoils!

EvenApplication

Applymanureevenlyoncropland.Ø Evenapplicationassuresthatmanurenutrientsareavailableattheplanned

applicationrateforallplantsinthefield.Thisprovidesthemosteconomicreturnofmanurenutrientsfortheproducer.

Ø Evenapplicationcanminimizetheriskofenvironmentalreleaseofmanurenutrients.

SoilConservationMeasures

SoilConservationmeasuresreducepollution.Ø SoilConservationPlansassurethatcropsandgroundcoverhelptokeepsoilin

placeonthefield.Theseplansmatchpropercropmanagementwiththefield’ssoil,slopeandproximitytowatertominimizesoillossrisks.Certifiedapplicatorsarerequiredtoactinconjunctionwithconservationplanning.

Ø Nutrientsleavethefieldwhensoilerodes.Ø Erosioncausessedimentinwaterbodies.SedimentisPennsylvania’slargest

polluter.

- 24 -

Chapter7Sampletestquestions1. AccordingtoPennsylvania’sAct38,whichofthefollowingwouldNOTfallinthedefinitionof

winter?a. Ararecoldspellcoversthegroundwithsnowonthe4thofJuly.b. Ararecoldspellcausesthegroundtobefrozen4inchesdeeponthe4thofJuly.c. Ararewarmspellcausestemperaturestosoarto80°FonFebruary1st.d. ItisMarch1st,thereisnosnowonthegroundandthegroundisnotfrozen.

2. Allmanureapplicationsmustbedoneundertheguidanceofaplanthatprovidesanapplicationrateaswellasamapthatshowsmanureapplicationsetbacks?

a. Trueb. False

3. Duringthesummer,whatisthemaximumapplicationrateforasingleliquidmanure

applicationinPennsylvania?a. 5,000gallons/acreb. 9,000gallons/acrec. 20tons/acred. 3tonsofpoultrylitter/acre

4. Whattwoconditionsareprimarilyresponsibleforsoilcompaction?a. Soilstructure&textureb. Waterholdingcapacity&frozensoilc. Heavyloads&wetsoilsd. Flotationtires&lowtirepressure

5. Howmuchgroundcoverisrequiredforwinterapplication?

a. 10%b. 25%c. 30%d. 50%

- 25 -

CHAPTER8:MANURESTACKINGFieldStackingHOW&WHERECANIUNLOADANDSTACKMANURE?

Manurecanonlybeunloadedinamarkedorselectedstackingareaonafarm.Ø Improvedstackingpadsarepreferredunloadinglocations.Fieldstackingisa

normalagriculturepracticebutcomeswithaddedguidancesinceoutdoorstackingcontainsinherentriskofnutrientloss.

Ø StackinglocationsmustbeidentifiedonthemapsofaMMP,NMPorNBS.Ø Onlysolidmanuresshouldbefieldstacked.Liquidandslurrymanurescannot

bestacked.Manureshouldbedryenoughtomaintainastackheightofatleast4feet.

Ø Youmustreadthefarmer’splanandmaptodeterminewherethemanureisallowedtobeunloadedandhowitmustbestacked.

LocationswheremanureMAYNOTbeunloaded.Ø Manuremaynotbeunloadedorstackedwithin100feetofstreams,lakes,

ponds,andactivewells.Ø Manureshouldnotbestackedwithinwaterconcentrationflowareas,low

areasorswaleswithinafield,abovetiledrainage,areassusceptibletoseasonalhigh-watertablesorflooding,oronslopesgreaterthan8%.

Ø Opensinkholes,agriculturaldrainageintakesandExceptionalValuewetlandsmaybemarkedwithstackingsetbacksonsomefarms.

Ø Thebestlocationsarefarfromwaterandonflatareaswherethestackisprotectedfromwaterrun-onandwherewaterrun-offfromthestackissafelydirected.Thebestlocationsaresurroundedwithvegetativegroundcover.

Ø Stackingwithin100feetofthetopofaslopeisrequiredinsomescenarios.Thisisdonetominimizeupslopewaterfromrunningontothestack.

Ø Unlesspermanentdesignatedstackingpadsarepresentstackinglocationsmustberotatedannuallysothatnositeisusedeveryyear.Evenifmovingonlyafewfeet,somefarmsrequireaspecificlocationbeusedonlyonceevery4years.

Timing/durationØ Field-stackedmanuremustbelandappliedwithin120daysorbecovered.

Shape–Stackedmanureshouldbeshapedinthefollowingway:Ø Inaconelikeshape(Conicalpile)orwindrowØ MinimumfootprintØ Becautiousofstackingmanuresohighthattheweightofthemanure

squeezesliquid(leachate)fromthebottomofthepile.

EmergencyStacking

InemergencysituationssolidmanurefromfarmswithaNMPmaybestackedinadesignatedfieldlocation.Ø Emergencyfieldstackinglocationsshouldbedesignatedandrepresentedon

NMPmaps.

- 26 -

Chapter8Sampletestquestions1. Fieldstackingcanoccuranywhereaslongasthelocationmeetsrunoffandsetback

recommendations.a. Trueb. False

2. Whatisthesetbackdistancefromastreamforfield-stackedmanure?a. 35feetb. 50feetc. 100feetd. 150feet

3. Whichtypesofmanurebelowwouldbeapprovedforfieldstacking?

a. Poultrylitterandhorsestablemanureb. Dairyslurryc. Swineliquid

4. In-fieldstackingofmanuremustbemanagedaccordingto:

a. Locationb. Shapec. Durationd. Alloftheabove

- 27 -

CHAPTER9:SETBACKANDSTACKINGGUIDANCECHART

Pennsylvania Manure Application Setbacks (in feet), Special Situations, and Manure Field Stacking Guidance

The table on the next two pages provides manure application setback guidance for the three types of manure application plans in Pennsylvania. All manure must be applied according to one of these plans.

For all plans the setbacks should be listed in a summary table and shown on a map. Setbacks from surface waters and sinkholes vary between plan programs, but setbacks from wells are the same for all

programs. Well setbacks are in a complete circle in all directions regardless of slope or ground cover.

Pennsylvania Manure Application Setbacks and Requirements

Sensitive Area Act 38 Nutrient Management Plans

Act 38 Nutrient Balance Sheets

DEP Manure Management Plans

Surf

ace

Wat

ers

Stream Lake Pond

100 feet, or •

35 feet with a permanent vegetative buffer

150 feet, or •

100 feet with a P Index evaluation of the field, or

• 35 feet with a permanent

vegetative buffer and with a P Index evaluation of the field

100 feet, or •

50 feet, IF current soil test <200 ppm P, no-till practices are used, and cover crops are

planted when residue is removed, or

• 35 feet with a permanent

vegetative buffer

Gro

und

Wat

ers Existing Open

Sinkhole

100 feet, or •

35 feet with a permanent vegetative buffer

100 feet, or •

35 feet with a permanent vegetative buffer

100 feet

Private Drinking Well or Spring (active wells) 100 feet 100 feet 100 feet

Public Water Well 100 feet unless wellhead authority requires larger

setback

100 feet unless wellhead authority requires larger

setback

100 feet unless wellhead authority requires larger

setback

Fall

Fall Application

Minimum of 25% ground cover/residue or an

established cover crop, or •

Inject or incorporate manure within 5 days with minimum

soil disturbance

Minimum of 25% ground cover/residue or an

established cover crop, or •

Inject or incorporate manure within 5 days with minimum

soil disturbance

No specific requirements. •

Strongly encouraged to follow the specific practices outlined

for Act 38.

Win

ter

Winter Application For each type of plan, fields receiving winter applications must be listed in the plan, and winter is defined as: • December 15 –

February 28, or • Ground is frozen 4

inches or deeper, or • Ground is snow

covered. Winter application is discouraged. See “Maximum Rates” guidance below.

All setbacks above with the following additions:

• 100 feet from above-ground inlet to agricultural drainage system where surface flow is

toward the inlet •

100 feet from wetland identified on National

Wetlands Inventory if that wetland is within a 100 year floodplain of an Exceptional

Value stream and surface flow is toward the wetland

• Minimum of 25% ground

cover/residue or an established cover crop

All setbacks above with the following additions:

• 100 feet from above-ground inlet to agricultural drainage system where surface flow is

toward the inlet •

100 feet from wetland identified on National

Wetlands Inventory if that wetland is within a 100 year floodplain of an Exceptional

Value stream and surface flow is toward the wetland

• Minimum of 25% ground

cover/residue or an established cover crop

All setbacks above with the following additions:

• 100 feet from stream, lake or

pond regardless of conservation practices (no 35

feet or 50 feet options). •

100 feet from above-ground inlet to agricultural drainage system where surface flow is

toward the inlet •

No application on slopes greater than 15%.

(A, B, C slopes acceptable) •

Minimum of 25% ground cover/residue or an

established cover crop

- 28 -

Sensitive Area Act 38 Nutrient

Management Plans Act 38 Nutrient Balance

Sheets DEP Manure

Management Plans Ch

anne

ls Within the channel of

a non-vegetated concentrated water flow area such as a swale, gully, or ditch.

No specific requirements. •

Application in these high-risk areas is strongly discouraged.

No specific requirements. •

Application in these high-risk areas is strongly discouraged.

Never

Max

imum

Rat

es

Maximum Application Amount during one pass (rates may be higher but ground must dry between passes).

9,000 gal/acre liquid manure 9,000 gal/acre liquid manure

9,000 gal/acre liquid manure •

Maximum Total Winter Rates • 5,000 gal/acre liquid

manure • 20 tons/acre solid non-

poultry manure • 3 tons/acre dry poultry

manure

Infie

ld M

anur

e St

acki

ng

Manure stacks that are placed in or near crop fields for an extended period of time. Does not apply to: • Manure stacked on

the operation farmstead, or

• Manure stacked on improved waste stacking facilities, or

• Manure composting sites, or

• Mortality composting sites, or

• Emergency related manure stacking.

Stacked manure must be land applied within 120 days or by

the next growing season, whichever is less or covered with an impermeable cover within 3 weeks of stacking.

• Manure stacks should not be

located within 100 feet of streams, lakes, ponds, and

active water wells.

Manure stacks should not be located within water

concentration flow areas or on soils where the seasonal

high water table is less than 3 feet. •

Uncovered manure stacks should be cone or windrow

shaped and not be located on excessively drained soils,

above subsurface drain tiles, on slopes greater than 8%,

and, when on slopes between 3 and 8% no more than 100

feet, from the top of the slope. •

Manure stack sites must be rotated so that no site is used more than once every 4 years.

Stacked manure must be land applied within 120 days or by

the next growing season, whichever is less or covered with an impermeable cover within 3 weeks of stacking.

• Manure stacks should not be

located within 100 feet of streams, lakes, ponds, and

active water wells.

Manure stacks should not be located within water

concentration flow areas or on soils where the seasonal

high water table is less than 3 feet. •

Uncovered manure stacks should be cone or windrow

shaped and not be located on excessively drained soils,

above subsurface drain tiles, on slopes greater than 8%,

and, when on slopes between 3 and 8% no more than 100

feet, from the top of the slope. •

Manure stack sites must be rotated so that no site is used more than once every 4 years.

Manure to be stacked longer than 120 days must be

covered with an impermeable cover or stacked on a properly

improved stacking pad. •

Manure stacks should not be located within 100 feet of streams, lakes, ponds, and

active water wells. •

Manure stacks should not be located in water

concentration flow areas, on slopes greater than 8%, and no more than 100 feet from

the top of the slope, and where possible, direct upslope water away from the stacking

area. •

Manure stacks must be dry enough to maintain a stack

height of at least 4 feet. •

Manure stack sites must be rotated so that no site is used

every year.

Note: All setbacks and infield manure stacking sites must be accurately delineated on the farm map as required by each plan type. Robb Meinen – Penn State Extension Manure Hauler Education Program October 2014 Jerry Martin – Penn State Extension Nutrient Management Education Program

- 29 -

Chapter9Sampletestquestions1. Anytimethata35-footapplicationsetbackfromastreamisinplacethereMUSTbea35-foot

permanentvegetativebufferpresentinthefield.a. Trueb. False

2. IfthePhosphorusIndex(P-Index)isnotcompletedonafarmimportingmanurefromaCAOor

CAFO,thenthestaterequiresaconservativesetbackbeinplace.ManureapplicationattheseimportingfarmsisfoundinaNutrientBalanceSheet(NBS).WhatisthesetbackattheseimportingfarmsfromastreamiftheP-Indexisnotcompleted?

a. 150feetb. 100feetc. 50feetd. 35feet

3. Whatisthemanureapplicationsetbackfromanactivewaterwell?

a. 150feetb. 100feetc. 50feetd. 35feet

4. Themanureapplicationsetbackfromawaterwellisinalldirectionsregardlessofslopeor

groundcover.a. Trueb. False

5. Ifnocovercropisestablished,winterapplicationcanoccuraslongas20%groundcoveris

present.a. Trueb. False

6. Inwinter,poultryfarmsintheDEPManureManagementPlan(MMP)programmustminimize

applicationratestoamaximumof4tons/acre.a. Trueb. False

7. Acrossallprogramsitisillegaltofieldstackmanureonslopesgreaterthan8%.

a. Trueb. False

- 30 -

CHAPTER10:UNDERSTANDINGPLANSMMP,NMPandNBSContents

Contents–thefollowingitemsarefoundinaMMP,NMP,NBSandtheirmaps:

Ø ListingandacreageofallfieldsorCropManagementUnits(CMUsaregroupsoffieldsthataremanagedinthesameway,withthesamecroprotation).

Ø Manureapplicationratesforeachfieldorcropgroup.Ø Manuretype,timeandmethodofapplication.Ø Maps–theseareagreattooltohelpyouunderstandapplicationareasand

setbacks.Mapsincludethefollowing:• Field/CMUidentification,location&boundaries• Thelocationofmanurestackingareas• Locationsofmanureapplicationsetbacks-bothyear-roundand

fall/wintersetbacks.

Examples Thefollowingpagescontainsamplesof:1. AnAct38NutrientManagementPlanSummaryPage2. ANutrientBalanceSheetSummaryPage3. SimpleMapforafarmimportingpoultrylitter

• Thesesamplesareallfromdifferentfarms(noneofwhicharereal).

• MMPssampletableswereleftoutofthisworkbookbecausethetablesare

verysimilartotheonespresented.

Fromtheseplans,aManureHaulerLevel2mustbeabletoidentifyandunderstandthefollowing:• CropManagementUnit(CMU)/Fieldidentification–Identifyingandtaking

manuretothewrongfieldisinviolationoftheplan.• AcreageofeachCMU/Field–Thisishelpfulwhencheckingtoseeifyouare

applyingtherightapplicationrateasdescribedintheLoadsperFieldmethodinChapter12.Forsomeplans,CMUsmaylistmorethanonefieldifmanagementacrossthosefieldsisthesame.

• Crop–Makesuretheplan’slistedcropmatcheswhatyouseeinthefield.• ManureGroup–Manyfarmshavemultiplemanuregroupsandplansare

writtenbasedonnutrientcontentofthegroupmatchedwiththecrop.• ApplicationSeason–Applicationduringaseasonnotlistedintheplanisin

violationoftheplan.• ApplicationManagement–Oftenthiscategorywilllistmanagementthatwill

beperformedbytheproducer,butdoublecheckthatyouareexpectedtobeinvolvedwithaprocesssuchasinjection.

• PlannedManureRate–ThisisveryimportantfortheManureHauler.Exceedingtheplannedrateisaviolation.Yourequipmentandabilitiesmustbeabletomatchtherateprovided.Thisratecanbeingallons/acreortons/acre.

• SummaryNotesTables–Summarytablesmay(notrequired)listspecialrestrictionorconcernsforfieldsacrossthefarm.Haulersarehighlyencouragedtoreviewthesummarynotesforallplans.

Mapsareveryimportant.Haulersmustidentifyandfollowtheseitemsfrommaps:• FieldIdentificationandLocation• SensitiveArea–Locationsofitemssuchasstreams,lakes,ponds,wells,

sinkholes,etc.• Setbacks–Mapsaretheprimaryplacetoidentifyapplicationsetbacks!

- 31 -

Nutrient Management Plan Summary

- 32 -

Version 4.0 – October 2017

Nutrient Balance Sheet Summary

Crop Group CMU/Field ID Manure Group

Application Season

Application Management

Planned Manure Rate

Starter/Other Fertilizer (lb/A)

Nutrient Balance @ Planned Rate

(lb/A) 1 Notes

(check) N P2O5 K2O N P2O5 K2O

1 Pasture 1 Siegrist Fall Late Fall No Incorporation 6250 0 0 0 16 (160) (117)

2 Corn After Corn 2-8 Siegrist Spring Spring No

Incorporation 6250 15 30 30 59 (157) (139) 3

3 Corn After Soybeans 2-8 Siegrist Spring Spring No

Incorporation 6250 15 30 30 9 (157) (139) 3

4 Barley (Winter) 2-8 Siegrist Fall Early Fall No

Incorporation 6250 0 0 0 10 (138) (101) 3

5 Soybeans (Summer) 2-8 Siegrist Spring Summer No

Incorporation 6250 0 0 0 0 (265) (210) 3

6 Grass Hay (1st) 9 Siegrist Spring Spring No

Incorporation 6250 0 0 0 3

7 Grass Hay (2nd) 9 Siegrist Spring Summer No

Incorporation 6250 0 0 0 48 (254) (218) 3

8 Corn After Alfalfa 10 Siegrist Spring Spring No

Incorporation 6250 0 0 0 89 (127) (109)

9 Corn After Alfalfa 11 Siegrist Spring Spring No

Incorporation 6250 0 0 0 74 13 (56) 3

10

11

12

13

14

15 1 Positive numbers = nutrient deficit; negative numbers = nutrient excess

Version 4.0 – October 2017

Nutrient Balance Sheet Summary Notes

Crop Group CMU/Field ID Manure Group Notes 1, 2

1 Corn After Corn 2-8 Siegrist Spring Fields 4 – 8 have a 150’ manure application setback from the stream.

2 Corn After Soybeans 2-8 Siegrist Spring Fields 4 – 8 have a 150’ manure application setback from the stream.

3 Barley (Winter) 2-8 Siegrist Fall Fields 4 – 8 have a 150’ manure application setback from the stream.

4 Soybeans (Summer) 2-8 Siegrist Spring Fields 4 – 8 have a 150’ manure application setback from the stream.

5 Grass Hay (1st) 9 Siegrist Spring This application is applied in the spring at green-up. Field 9 has a 100’ manure application setback from a well and 150’ manure application setback along the stream.

6 Grass Hay (2nd) 9 Siegrist Spring This application is applied after first cutting. Field 9 has a 100’ manure application setback from a well and 150’ manure application setback along the stream.

7 Corn After Alfalfa 11 Siegrist Spring

Nutrient balances for P2O5 and K2O are based on crop removal and should not be used to determine additional fertilizer needs. The P banking planned rate is applied every 2 years and no other fertilizer and manure phosphorus may be applied. Field 11 has a 100’ manure application setback from a sinkhole.

8

9

10

11

12

13 1 If crop removal values were used in Row A for P2O5 and K2O, planners should use the following standard note: Nutrient balances for P2O5 and K2O are based on crop removal and should not be used to determine additional fertilizer needs. 2 If the P banking option is used, planners should use the following standard note: The P banking planned rate is applied every 2 (3) years and no other fertilizer and manure phosphorus may be applied.

- 33 -

Field4

Field1

Field2

Field3

Pasture

W

W

W

W

NeighboringHouse

Wellwith100’ManureSetback

150’ManureSetback

35’ManureSetback

Stream

X

X

ManureStackingLocation

ManureApplicationMap

- 34 -

Chapter10Sampletestquestions

UsethesampleNutrientManagementPlanSummarySheet,NutrientBalanceSheetSummary,andmapfromthepreviouspagestoanswerquestions.

1. UsingthesampleNutrientManagementPlanSummary,whattypeofmanureandhowmuchwillbeappliedtotheSmallGrainSilageonfieldB13?(Lookclosely.Somefieldsatthisfarmarelistedtwicebecausetheyaredoublecropped,receivingbothaspringandfallmanure.)

a. HeiferSpring;10tons/acreb. CowFall;7,850gallons/acrec. HeiferFall;10tons/Acred. CowSpring;7,850tons/Acre

2. UsingthesampleNutrientManagementPlanSummary,whatistheseasonofapplicationand

incorporationtimeforsolidmanureappliedtoFieldA19?a. Spring;incorporatedsamedayb. Spring;incorporatedwithin2–4daysc. EarlyFall;incorporated3–7daysd. EarlyFall,Noincorporation

3. UsingthesampleNutrientManagementPlanSummary,determinewhichfieldscanreceive

&,850gallons/acrefromtheCowSpringmanuregroup.a. FieldsB9,B13,A11,A13b. FieldsB9,B13c. FieldsB9,B13,A11d. None,thismustbeatrickquestion.

4. UsingthesampleNutrientBalanceSheetSummary,whichfieldwillreceivesolidmanure?

a. Field1b. Fields2through8c. Allfieldsd. None,thismustbeatrickquestion.

5. LookatthesampleNutrientBalanceSheetSummary.Notethatfourcropgroupsarelistedin

associationwithfields2-8.ThisisbecauseNBSscanbewrittenformultipleyearsinacroprotation.EachofthesefieldswillrotateintoBarleyduringtheirrotation,butnoteveryfieldwillcontainbarleyeveryyear.Whichfieldscanreceivefallmanureapplication?

a. Onlyfieldsrotatingintobarleyb. Onlyfieldsrotatingoutofsoybeansifacovercropistobeplantedc. Onlyfieldsrotatingintosoybeansd. Onlyfieldsaftercornharvestandbeforecovercropestablishment

6. LookatthesampleNutrientBalanceSheetSummary.Thelastcolumnindicateswithacheck

markthatthereareNotesintheNBSforField9.ThenotesforthisNBSarepostedbelowthesummary(althoughtheytypicallywouldbefoundonaseparatepage).WhatapplicationsetbacksareindicatedintheNotesforField9?

a. 100-footsetbackfromastreamb. 150-footsetbackfromastreamc. 100-footsetbackfromawelld. Both150-footsetbackfromastreamand100-footsetbackfromawell

7. Usingthesamplemap,whichfieldshaveapplicationrestrictionsbecauseofanearbywell?

- 35 -

a. Fields1and3b. Fields1,3,and4c. Fields1,2,3,and4d. Fields1,2,3,4,andPasture

8. Accordingtothemap,whichofthefollowingisalistofrestrictedapplicationareasinField4?

a. 100’fromwellb. 35’fromstreamand100’fromwellc. 100’fromwelland100’fromstreamd. 100’fromwelland150’fromstream

9. Youaretodeliverpoultrylittertothisfarm,accordingtothemapwherecanthelitterbe

stacked?a. Field1b. Field2c. Field1orPastured. Nostackingisallowedonthisfarm

- 36 -

CHAPTER11:RECORDKEEPING

RequiredRecords-GeneralWHATRECORDSMUSTIKEEPFORHAULINGMANURE?

Act49describesrequiredrecordkeepingformanurehaulers,applicatorsandbrokers.

Ø RecordsmustbemaintainedandavailableforinspectionbythePaDepartmentofAgriculture,oritsappointedagent.

Ø Recordsshouldbekeptonfilefor3years.

Thefollowingrecordsarerequiredforallcommercialhauling,applicationandbrokeringofmanure.Recordsshouldbekeptonfileandmustcontain:

1. Agreement–ForCAOsandCAFOs,awrittenagreementorcontractbetween

thecommercialhaulerandeachagriculturaloperationorbrokerisneeded.2. CopiesofcurrentMMP,NBS,orNMPsummariesandmapsfromfarmswhere

landapplicationorstackingoccur.3. Nameandaddressofthemanuresupplier,importingoperation,andfarm

whereapplicationoccurs.4. Name,CertificationNumberandsignatureofthehaulerorbrokerinvolved.5. Fieldlocationandnumberofacrestowhichmanurewasapplied6. Dateandtimeofapplication.7. Totalamountofmanureappliedtoeachfieldandapplicationrate.8. Cropgrouporgroundcoverforeachfield.9. Stackinglocation.

Chapter11Sampletestquestions

1. Nameandaddressrecordsshouldbekeptforwhichofthefollowingwhentheyareinvolvedinmanuretransferorapplication?

a. Supplierofmanureb. Transporter/applicatorc. Importingoperationd. Brokere. Alloftheabove

2. Whichtwodocument(s)shouldthehaulerattainandkeepcopiesof?a. ManureapplicationsummarytablesandFarmmapsb. FarmmapsandManureAnalysisc. ManureAnalysisandSoilSampleReportsd. CropproductionrecordsandFertilizerRateRecords

3. Haulersneedtoincludethefollowinginformationonrecords:

a. Hauler’snameb. Certificationnumberc. Signatured. Alloftheabove

- 37 -

CHAPTER12:APPLICATIONCALIBRATIONMETHODSImportanceofcalibratespreadingequipment

Therearemanyreasonswhymanureapplicationequipmentshouldbecalibrated

Ø Plannedapplicationratesassurethatmanureisneitheroverappliednorunderapplied.

Ø Plannedratesoffereconomicreturnonthemanurenutrients.Ø Act38requirescalibrationrecordstobekeptonfileforallcommercial

applicatorsthatapplymanureforfarmsthathaveaNMPorNBS.Generally,thiswillbetheresponsibilityofapplicationbusinessownersandmanagers.

Ø ApplyingmanureaboveMMP,NMPorNBSamountsisillegal.Itdoesnogoodtohaveaplandevelopedifmanurecannotbeaccuratelyappliedatplanrates.

SpreaderCalibration

Objective:

Ø Theobjectiveofspreadercalibrationistodocumentthatyouareapplyingmanureataplannedrate.

Ø Calibrationcanbecompletedforbothsolid(tons/acre)andliquid(gallons/acre)manure.

Youshouldbefamiliarwiththe“LoadsperField”spreadercalibrationmethodbelow.

LoadsperFieldMethod

TheLoadsperFieldMethod

Ø Thismethoddetermineshowmanyloadsofmanureneedtobeappliedtoafieldinordertomatchtheplannedapplicationrate.

Ø Thisisaverycommonmethodusedbymanureapplicators.Thefollowinginformationisneeded:1. Acreageoffield2. Plannedmanureapplicationrate3. Capacityofmanureapplicationequipment(canbesolidorliquidmanure)

Ø Oncethisinformationisknownthenumberofloadsittakestosatisfytheplannedapplicationrateisdeterminedbythefollowingcalculations.

Step1:Determinetheamountofmanureneededforentirefield=

FieldacresXApplicationrate.Step2:Determinethenumberofloadsneededtomeettheplannedrate=

Amountofmanureneededforentirefield÷SpreadercapacityForexample:Determinethenumberofloadsofmanureitwilltaketosatisfytheplannedrateof5,000gallonsperacreina9-acrefieldusingaspreaderwiththecapacityof4,500gallons/load.Step1:Determinetheamountofmanureneededforentirefield=

9acres/fieldX5,000gallons/acre=45,000gallons/field

Step2:Determinethenumberofloadsneededtomeettheplannedrate=45,000gallons/field÷4,500gallons/load=10loads/field

- 38 -

MoreInformation

AdditionalcalibrationmethodsaretaughtattheManureHaulerLevel3andBrokercertificationclassroomtrainings.Informationonthesemethodsareavailablefromthefollowingsources,whichcanbefoundwithaninternetsearch.Act49Programeducatorscanalsobecontactedtosupplythismaterial.

Ø PennStateExtension,AgronomyFacts68.Completionoftablesinthisfactsheetcanbeusedtomaintaincalibrationrecords.

Ø PennsylvaniaNutrientManagementProgramwebsite.Ø PennsylvaniaAgronomyGuide:Part1,Section2–SoilFertilityManagement.Ø LivestockandPoultryEnvironmentalStewardshiporeXtenstionwebsites.

Chapter12Sampletestquestions

1. Calibrationofmanureequipmentmustbeperformedoncommercialequipmentandtheresultsshouldbe______________________.

a. Adjusteddailybyconductinganewcalibrationexerciseb. Keptonfilec. SenttoPaDepartmentofAgricultureforverificationd. SenttoPennStateforstatisticalanalysis

2. A10-acrefieldneeds6,000gallonsofswinemanureperacre.Youhavea5,000-gallontank.

Howmanyloadsofmanureshouldyouapplytothefield?a. 10loadsb. 12loadsc. 15loadsd. 18loads

3. Youjustfinishedapplying12loadsofmanuretoa10-acrefieldwitha5,000-gallontank.What

wasyourapplicationrateinthefield?a. 4,000gallons/acreb. 5,000gallons/acrec. 6,000gallons/acred. 7,000gallons/acre

- 39 -

CHAPTER13:ODOR,FLIESANDCOMMUNITYRELATIONS

Nuisances Nuisancesarethingsthatpreventaneighborfromreasonablyenjoyingtheirproperty.Somenuisancesassociatedwithmanureapplicationare:

Ø OdorØ FliesØ NoiseØ DustØ LightsØ Manure/Mudonroads

OdorSources

Odorcancausepublicconcern.Ø Manureodorcomesfromthreemainsources:

1. Livestockbuildingsandhousingareas2. Manurestorages3. Manureapplication

Ø Ofthesesourcesmanureapplicationresultsinthelargestnumberofcommunityodorcomplaints.

Ø Act38onlyrequiresanodormanagementplanforneworexpandinganimalhousingorstorageconstructiononfarmswithaNMP.Itishelpfultohaveaworkingknowledgeofhowodoraffectsthecommunityandhowtominimizeodor.

OdorPlumes Odortravelsinaironpathwaysknownasodorplumes.

Somecommoncharacteristicsofodorplumes:

Ø Odorplumestraveldownwindwithabreeze.Ø Odorplumestendtoriseawayfromthegroundonawarm,sunnyday.Ø Duringtimesknownasthermalinversionodorscanbecomeveryintensefor

neighbors.o Duringthermalinversion,odorswillstayclosetothegroundandmayeven

followthelandcontourdownhill,or“sink”.o Duringthermalinversiontheairisstablewithlittlebreezeandtheground

maybecool.Odorsdonoteasilydisperseatthesetimes.o Theseconditionsmostoftenoccurovernightbutcanoccuratanytimeof

dayoryear.o Neighborsthatlivedownslopefromafarm,especiallythosethatliveina

holloworvalleytothesouthandeastoftheodorsourcearemostlikelytoexperiencethermalinversionodors.

- 40 -

OdorPlumes Thisdiagramdemonstratesodorplumestravelingdownwindfromtwofieldswithrecentlyappliedmanure.

Ø Ifthefieldsarethesamesizeandreceivethesameamountofmanurefromthesamesource,FieldAcouldimpactmoreneighborsduetoitswideplume,whileFieldBmayhavemoreintenseodorsbecausethesameamountofodorouscompoundsareinasmallerarea.

Odorsduringwarmdays

Duringwarmsunnydays,odorsoftenrisewithwarmingair.Duringsuchtimesodorfromappliedmanuremayriseabovefarmneighbors.Heretheodorsourceisalivestockbuildingbutthesameprinciplepertainstolandappliedmanure.

ThermalInversionandOdors

Odorscanstayclosetothegroundduringtimesofthermalinversion.Becauseofcalmcoolair,odorsmaynotdisperseandaccumulatetooffensivelevels.

Field A

Field B

Prevailing Wind

Odor Plume – wider, may impact more neighbors

Odor Plume – narrow, may be more intense

- 41 -

Heretheodorsourceisalivestockbuildingbutthesameprinciplepertainstolandappliedmanure.

OdorsandApplication

Somemanureapplicationpracticescanhelplimitmanureodors

Ø Whenapplyingmanureafewcommon-sensepracticesmayhelpavoidodorconflict.

o Injectingorincorporatingmanureintothesoilhelpstolimitodoremissions.

o Whenapplyingmanureclosetoneighborschoosetoapplymanureclosertotheneighbor’spropertyearlyonasunnyday.Thiswillallowthemanuretodryandrisingodorplumeswillhelptocarryodorupandawayfromthesensitiveareas.

o Avoidmanureapplicationnearsensitiveneighborsaroundweekendsandholidays.

o Notifyandeducatetheneighborsaboutmanureapplicationprocessesandtiming.Neighborswithagoodrelationshiptothefarmandneighborsthatunderstandfarmpracticesaremoretolerantofodors.

- 42 -

FlyLifeCycleInspect

Manure!

TakeAction!

Avoid

NuisanceFly

Issues!

FlyPopulationscantransmitdiseaseandbecomeanuisancetoneighbors.

Ø Houseflieshavebeenimplicatedinthetransmissionofinfectiousagents.Ø Fliesareveryprolific.Whentemperatureandmoisturearefavorable,large

populationoutbreakscanoccur.Hotweatherallowstheflylifecycletooccurinaslittleassevendays.Afemaleflylaysover500eggsinherlife.

Ø Manureisacommonbreedingareaofflies.Ø Manuremoisturecontentisimportant.Manyliquidmanuresystems,with

highmoisturecontents,havelittleflyproblems.Ø Mostflyoutbreaksareassociatedwithsolidmanure,suchasmanurefrom

poultryorhorsefarms.Ø Nuisanceoutbreaksoftenoccurwhenimmatureflies(eggs,larvaandpupa)

foundinmanureareremovedfromamanurestorageareatoanareanearresidents.

Knowhowtoidentifypossibleflyoutbreaks.

Ø Thefollowingillustrationshowsdifferentstagesoftheflylifecycle.Ø Eggsandlarvaaretypicallywhite.Larvaareknownasmaggots.Ø Pupacanbevariousshadesoflightbrowntored.Pupaarelarvaencasedin

a“shell”thatwill“hatch”asadultflies.Ø Beabletoidentifythesestages.Inspectmanureforlargepopulationsof

anyofthesestages.Iflargepopulationsarenoted,takeprecautionary

measureslikethoselistedbelow.

AvoidFlyPopulationOutbreaks

Whenlargenumbersofflyeggs,larvaorpupaarenotedinsolidmanureactionmustbetakentopreventaflypopulationexplosion.

Ø Followingstackingguidelinesstackmanurefortwoweeksorlongersocompostingactionwillkillmanyoftheimmatureflies.Coveringthisstackwillmakethisprocessmoreefficient.Thepilecanbeturnedeveryfewdaystomovesurvivingimmaturefliesintothemiddlewheretheywillbeexposedtohighercompostingtemperatures.

Ø LarvainmanurecanbekilledwithspecialLarvicides.Ø Informtheproducerofpotentialproblems.Farmmanagementchangesmay

preventfutureissues.

- 43 -

CommunityRelations

Reasonstomaintaingoodcommunityimageinclude:Ø AvoidcomplaintsandexcessiveoversightandscrutinyØ AvoidlostproductiontimeØ Receivefeedback–bethefirsttoknowaboutaproblemnotthelastØ GoodimagepromotesbusinessØ Youractionsinfluencetheimageofyourclientfarm.

MaintainaGoodImage

Somegoodbusinessprinciplestohelpmaintaingoodcommunityimageinclude:Ø Appearance-Maintaincleanequipment.Dressprofessionally.Ø Beacourteousdriveronpublicroads.Ø Conductyourbusinessinaresponsiblemanner.Ø Considerthecommunitywhenmakingdecisions.Ø Besensitivetopublicconcerns.Addressquestionsandconcernsina

professionalandeducationalmanner.Ø Talktotheproducertolearnifthereareanyconcernswithsensitiveneighbors.

Chapter13Sampletestquestions

1. Theodorsourcethatleadstothemostodorcomplaintsis…a. Buildingexhaustfansb. Liquidmanurestoragesc. Milkhousewastestreamsd. Manureapplication

2. Whichofthefollowingisagoodmanagementpracticetohelpreducetheriskofodorconflictwithneighbors?

a. Donotapplymanuredownwindfrombuildingexhaustfansb. Avoidapplyingmanurenearneighborsonweekendsorholidaysc. Applymanurewithinstreambufferswheretheneighborswillnotexpecttosmell

manured. Applymanureintheeveningsothatodordoesnotevaporate

3. Whichtypeofmanureismorelikelytoharborlargeimmatureflypopulations?

a. Liquidmanureb. Solidmanure

4. Whichofthefollowingisareasonforhavinganeffectivecommunityrelationsplan?

a. Avoidtheneedforproperapplicationratesonfieldsthataremorethan150’fromastream

b. Avoidstackingareas.c. AvoidCAOandCAFOregulations.d. Avoidpossiblelegaltroublesandlostproductiontime.

- 44 -

CHAPTER14:ANSWERSTOSAMPLETESTQUESTIONSChapter1Sampletestquestionanswers

1. True2. Level2commercialmanurehauler3. 6CECs4. False,ManureHaulerLevel1doesnotneedsupervision,butaManureHaulerLevel

2doesneedsupervision.Chapter2Sampletestquestionanswers

1. ConcentratedAnimalFeedingOperation2. ConcentratedAnimalOperation3. True

Chapter3Sampletestquestionanswers

1. Bio-securityprotocol2. True3. LineofSeparation4. SpottedLanternflyPermit5. Singlefarmvisitsinaday

Chapter4Sampletestquestionanswers

1. Assurehumansafety,stoptheflowatthesource,containtheexistingspillandthennotifytheproperpeopleandbegincleanup.

2. Stopflowatthesource3. Freeboardshouldneverbeignoredorexceeded4. HydrogenSulfide5. West6. Duringrepairandmaintenance7. True

Chapter5Sampletestquestionanswers

1. Addressoffarm2. EmergencyActionPlan(EAP)

Chapter6Sampletestquestionanswers

1. Nitrogen2. Alloftheabove3. Phosphorus4. True

Chapter7Sampletestquestionanswers

1. ItisMarch1st,thereisnosnowonthegroundandthegroundisnotfrozen.2. True3. 9,000gallons/acre4. Heavyloads&wetsoils5. 25%

- 45 -

Chapter8Sampletestquestionanswers

1. False,allstackinglocationsmustbeidentifiedonamapnomatterwhattypeofmanureornutrientmanagementplanafarmhas

2. 100feet3. Poultrylitterandhorsestablemanure4. Alloftheabove

Chapter9Sampletestquestionanswers

1. True2. 150feet3. 100feet4. True5. False,groundcoverneedstobe25%ormore6. False,themaximumwinterpoultrylitterapplicationrateis3tons/acreinMMPs7. True

Chapter10Sampletestquestionanswers

1. HeiferFall;10tons/Acre2. Spring;incorporatedwithin2–4days3. FieldsB9,B13,A114. None.Therateof6250listedinthisplanisobviouslyaliquidrate.Eventhoughthe

manuregroupinformationonthissummarypagedoesnotindicatethatthemanureisliquid,thatinformationwouldbefoundelsewhereintheNutrientBalanceSheetmaterial.

5. Onlyfieldsrotatingintobarley6. Both150-footsetbackfromastreamand100-footsetbackfromawell7. Fields1,2,3,4,andPasture8. 100’fromwelland150’fromstream9. Field1

Chapter11Sampletestquestionanswers

1. Alloftheabove2. ManureapplicationsummarytablesandFarmmaps3. Alloftheabove

Chapter12Sampletestquestionanswers

1. Keptonfile2. 12loads

10acresX6,000gallons/acre=60,000gallons/field60,000gallons/field÷5,000gallons/load=12loads

3. 6,000gallons/acre12loadsappliedX5,000gallons/load=60,000gallonsapplied60,000gallonsapplied÷10acres=6,000gallons/acreThiscouldbethesamefieldasquestion2.

Chapter13Sampletestquestionanswers

1. Manureapplication2. Avoidapplyingmanurenearneighborsonweekendsandholidays3. Solidmanure4. Avoidpossiblelegaltroublesandlostproductiontime

- 46 -

CHAPTER15:ITEMSTOBRINGTOTHEMANUREHAULERLEVEL2EXAM To schedule your examination, contact your local County Conservation District. 1. The Commercial Manure Hauler Level 2 Workbook. This workbook can be used to

take the open-book exam. 2. The completed Commercial Manure Hauler Level 2 Workbook Verification Form

with supervisor’s signature. 3. A completed Commercial Manure Hauler Application if you did not already complete

one on PAPlants.