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I Save A TreeElectronic Books
Harrisburg
" Virtue, Liberty and Independence"
C 2003 I Save A Tree Inc.
Carol Haberkern
The United States of America
ISBN# 0-9714299-1-X
Table of Contents
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Location 5
History before statehood 7
History since statehood 9
State government 11
State flag 13
Current facts 15
Industry today 17
State landmarks 19
Weather and land 21
Animals in Pennsylvania 23
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State bird 25
State tree 27
State flower 29
Famous people from Pennsylvania 31
Things to do in Pennsylvania 33
Popular sports in Pennsylvania 35
Fast facts 37
Glossary 39
Web sites / books for information 41
Index 43
Credits 45
Location
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Harrisburg
Pennsylvania is a northeasternand a mid-Atlantic state. Six statesborder Pennsylvania. New York borders it to the north. New Jerseyis on the eastern border. Delaware, Maryland and West Virginia are on the southern border. To the west are the states of West Virginia and Ohio.
The capital is Harrisburg, which islocated in the central southern partof the state.
HistoryBefore Statehood
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8
George Washington
William Penn
When the Dutch and Swedesarrived in the 1600s, several Indiantribes lived in Pennsylvania. In 1681,
the King ofEngland gavePennsylvania toWilliam Penn.The word"Pennsylvania"means Penn'sWoods.
William Pennfounded the cityof Philadelphia.The colonistsdidn't like thetaxes England imposed on them. Theyrevolted and The Revolutionary War(1775-1783) began. George Washingtonwas made head of the army. The colonieswon the war.
HistorySince Statehood
Philadelphia
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_______________________Steel plant
In 1787, Pennsylvania became the 2ndstate in the Union. From 1790 to 1800,Philadelphia was the capital for the newnation. Pennsylvania fought with othernorthern statesagainst slaveryin the Civil War(1861-1865).They won andslavery wasabolished.
Coal and steelwere majorindustries inthe state atone time.However, when the demand droppedin the 1950s, many people lost theirjobs. Today many tourists visit the stateand many people work in vacation areas.
The state government ofPennsylvania is divided into threebranches. Governor Ed Rendell ishead of the executive branch. This
branch is incharge of carryingout the laws. Thelegislative branchis the GeneralAssembly. It makesthe laws.
Government
Governor Ed Rendell
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City Hall
The GeneralAssembly hastwo parts, theSenate and theHouse ofRepresentatives.The third branch is the judicial branch.This branch interprets the laws.
Pennsylvania has 67 counties. Eachcounty has a local government.
These stand for Pennsylvania's naturalresources. The ship stands for trading. The flag's bluebackgroundmatches theblue in theflag of theUnited States.
Pennsylvania adopted its state flag in 1907. The state coat of arms is in the center of the flag. On it are a plow, three bundles of wheat and a ship.
State Flag
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14
The populationof Pennsylvaniais 12,281,054. Itis ranked the 6thlargest state for
the number of people living in it.Pennsylvania covers 44,820 squaremiles. It ranks 32nd in total area.
Current Facts
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Oil Creek
Pennsylvania forest
Pennsylvania isknown as the"Keystone State."The word"keystone" comes from architectureand refers to the central stone thatholds all the other stones in place.The nickname refers to the central rolethe state played in the history of the U.S.
IndustryToday
Cow and calf
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Steel mill
Chocolate ice cream and potatochips are packaged in Pennsylvania.Mushrooms, corn, hay, apple s and
peaches are someof the productsgrown on farms.Milk is the state's.largest farmproduct. Many people work in the serviceindustry. This
includes people working in stores,banks and insurance companies.
Pennsylvania is the third largestproducer ofsteel in theU.S. Coal andlimestone aremined in thestate.
Landmarks
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Independence Hall
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Liberty Bell
Many famouslandmarks canbe found inPhiladelphia.IndependenceHall and theLiberty Bell arelocated inPhiladelphia, the "City of BrotherlyLove." The Declaration of Independencewas signed in Independence Hall.
The famous Liberty Bell cracked thefirst time it was rung. It is on displayfor all to see.
A naturallandmark is thescenic DelawareWater Gap, whichis locatedbetween Penn-sylvania and NewJersey.
Weather & Land
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22
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Winter woods
Summer woods
Pennsylvaniahas a variedclimate. Thewarmesttemperatures are
in the Ohio and Monongahela Rivervalleys. The mountain areas havecolder winters and cooler summers.Average temperatures range from 27°in the winter to a high of 71° Fahrenheitin the summer.
The average yearly precipitation is41 inches.
Mountains, valleys and lowlandsare inPennsylvania.The northwestcorner of thestate isbordered byLake Erie.
Over 150 typesof fish can befound in thelakes and rivers.Yellow perch,bass, trout and pickerel are a fewof them. The ruffed grouse (the statebird), killdeer, pheasant and cardinalare birds that live in Pennsylvania.
AnimalsIn Pennsylvania
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Baby deer
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Porcupine
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The white-tailed deer was namedthe state animal in 1959. Pennsylvania'sforests are also home to the black bears,
porcupines and redfoxes. Reptiles likesnakes and turtleslive in the woodsand fields.
The ruffed grouse(Bonasa umbellus)was named thestate bird in 1939.
This chubby bird has feathered legs. Aruffed grouse can spread its tail outlike a fan. These birds like to spend the
State Bird
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Grouse
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Grouse
summers in clearings, and the wintersin the forest. Their red-brownfeathers andgray brownpatches makeit hard for themto be seen inthe wild.
State Tree
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Hemlock
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Hemlock
In 1931, thehemlock (Tsugacanadensis) wasnamed the statetree of Pennsylvania.
This tree can grow quite large. It hasbrown or purplish bark. The bark isrich in tannin.
Tannin is usedin the tanningindustry.The needles are short and darkgreen. Hemlock trees have very smallcones. These trees can live to be 1,000years old.
State Flower
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Mountain laurel
Mountain laurel
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The mountainlaurel (Kalmialatfolia) blossomwas named thestate flower of
Pennsylvania in 1933. It was pickedbecause it's a native plant. It grows wildall over the state.
Mountain laurel blooms in the spring.The flowers can be white or pink. It isevergreen, which means it keeps itsgreen leaveseven in winter.The leaves arepoisonous tocattle.
Famous People
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Betsy Ross's House
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Ben Franklin
Many famous women came fromthis state. Betsy Ross made the firstAmerican flag in Philadelphia. In 1962,Rachel Carson wrote Silent Spring, abook that warned about the dangers
of pesticides.Margaret Mead,the famous anth-ropologist, andGrace Kelly, thePrincess ofMonaco, werePennsylvanians.
Benjamin Franklinexperimentedwith electricity andhelped free theU.S. from England.Other importantPennsylvanians include PresidentJames Buchanan, actor Bill Cosby,painter Andrew Wyeth and sculptorAlexander Calder.
Things to Do
In Pennsylvania
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Groundhog
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The Franklin Institute
include the Philadelphia Museum of Art,Rodin Museum and the PennsylvaniaFarm Museum. Animal lovers enjoyvisiting thePhiladelphiaZoo. Manystate and national parksare located in Pennsylvania.
Each Ground-hog day(February 2),groundhogPunxsutawneyPhil comes out
of his hole and predicts winter's end.Pennsylvania has many fine museums.
The Franklin Institute is popular withyoung people. Other museums
SportsIn Pennsylvania
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Kayaking
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Sailing
Pennsylvania hosts many professionalsports teams including the Eagles,PiratesPhillies, 76ers and Steelers. Water sports
like rowing,sailing andswimming arepopular. Each
spring,college teamscompete inregattas or boatraces on the Schuylkill River. Othersports also enjoyed include bicycleand car racing. Each year the NationalTennis Competition is held In
Winter sports includesnow skiing, ice fishing andbobsledding.
Pennsylvania.
Fast Facts
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Governor: Ed RendellCapital: HarrisburgSize: 44,820 square miles, 32nd in theU.S.Population: 12,281,054 people, 6th inthe U.S.Major cities: Philadelphia, Pittsburgh,Allentown, ScrantonNickname: "The Keystone State"State bird: ruffed grouseState animal: white-tailed deerState tree: eastern hemlockState flower: mountain laurelState song: "Pennsylvania"State motto: "Virtue, liberty, andindependence"
38
State Park
Luna Moth
Glossary
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anthropologist, a person who studiesthe ways and beliefs of different people.architecture, the way a building isconstructed.cattle, cows and steers that are raisedfor food.chubby, a little fat.coat of arms, a drawing shaped like ashield that stands for a family, city ororganization.
Lake Erie, one of the Great Lakes thatis located between Canada and theUnited States.natural resources, something found innature like coal, water or forests, thatpeople use.poisonous, something that can kill ormake sick if it is eaten.service, work that helps other people.steel, a hard metal made from iron.
Links & BooksFor more information
42Visit our website @ www.isaveatree.com
TITLE: Valley ForgeAUTHOR: Jason CooperPUBLISHER: Rourke Book CompanyCOPYRIGHT: 1999
TITLE: Historic PhiladelphiaAUTHOR: Jason CooperPUBLISHER: Rourke Book CompanyCOPYRIGHT: 2001
TITLE: Pennsylvania Facts and SymbolsAUTHOR: Emily McAuliffePUBLISHER: Capstone PressCOPYRIGHT: 1999
Link1Link2Link3
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Index _______________________
44
Carson, Rachel, 31
"City of Brotherly Love," 19
Civil War, 9
coal, 10, 18
deer, white-tail, 23
Delaware Water Gap, 20
Franklin, Benjamin, 32
grouse, ruffled, 24, 25
hemlock, 27, 28
Independence Hall, 19
laurel, mountain, 29, 30
Liberty Bell,19, 20
mid-Atlantic, 5
Punxsutawney, 33
Penn, William, 7
Philadelphia, 8, 9, 19, 31
Revolutionary War, 8
Rendell, Ed, 11
Washington, George, 8
CreditsWritten by
Carol A. Haberkern
Edited by
Linda Coyner
Produced by
Robert Rance
Technologies
Doug Meyers
Design
Dan Mader
Photo credits
Pennsylvania Bureau of State Parks
Pennsylvania Department of Natural
Resources
www.arttoday.com_______________________46I Save A Tree Inc. reserves the right to remove or exchange any
photo/illustration at any time without notice.