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Pengaruh Schengen Agreement Terhadap Munculnya
Euroscepticism Di Perancis
Disusun dan diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar
Sarjana Ilmu Politik (S.IP) Strata-1
Mella Silviana
201310360311149
PROGRAM STUDI ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL
FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2018
KATA PENGANTAR
Segala Puji syukur Alhamdulillah penulis haturkan kehadirat Allah SWT
yang telah memberikan waktu dan kesempatan kepada penulis, sehingga dapat
menyelesaikan skripsi dengan judul “Pengaruh Schengen Agreement Terhadap
Munculnya Euroscepticism di Perancis”. Oleh Karena itu, tak salah kiranya bila
penulis mengungkapkan rasa terimakasih dan penghargaan kepada:
1. Drs. Fauzan, M. Pd., Selaku Rektor Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
yang telah memberikan kesempatan untuk menempuh perkuliahan di
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang dengan berbagai fasilitas yang
disediakan.
2. Drs. Rinikso Kartono, M.Si, selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu
Politik Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang yang telah memberikan
kemudahan menempuh perkuliahan di Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang melalui berbagai Kebijakan.
3. Gonda Yumitro, MA, selaku Ketua Jurusan Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik
yang telah memotivasi dan memberi kemudahan selama menempuh
perkuliahan
4. Hafid Adim Pradana, MA, selaku Dosen Pembimbing pertama yang telah
membimbing dan meluruskan segala kekeliruan dalam menyusun Skripsi
ini.
5. Ruli Inayah Ramadhoan, M.Si, selaku Dosen Pembimbing kedua yang juga
membimbing dan memberi arahan kepada penulis dalam menyelesaikan
skripsi ini.
6. Segenap Bapak / Ibu Dosen Jurusan Hubungan Internasional yang telah
memberikan Ilmunya dan Mendidik penulis hingga sampai disini.
7. Seluruh keluargaku serta teman-teman yang selalu memberiku semangat
hingga ahirnya skripsi ini selesai.
Malang, 7 Februari 2018
Mella Silviana
PENGARUH SCHENGEN AGREEMENT TERHADAP
MUNCULNYA EUROSCEPTICISM DI PERANCIS
Diajukan Oleh :
MELLA SILVIANA
201310360311149
Telah disetujui
Pada hari / tanggal, Jum’at / 29 Desember 2017
Pembimbing I Pembimbing II
Hafid Adim Pradana, M.A Ruli Inayah Ramadhoan, M.Si
Dekan Ketua Program Studi
Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Dr. Rinikso Kartono, M.Si Gonda Yumitro, M.A
S K R I P S I
Dipersiapkan dan disusun oleh :
MELLA SILVIANA
201310360311149
Telah dipertahankan di depan Dewan Penguji Skripsi
dan dinyatakan
L U L U S
Sebagai salah satu persyaratan untuk memperoleh gelar
Sarjana ( SI ) Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial
Pada hari Selasa, 16 Januari 2018
Dihadapan Dewan Penguji
Dewan Penguji :
1. Haryo Prasodjo, M.A ( )
2. M. Syaprin zahidi, M.A ( )
3. Hafid Adim Pradana, M.A ( )
4. Ruli Inayah Ramadhoan, M.Si ( )
Mengetahui
Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik
Dr. Rinikso Kartono, M.Si
i
BERITA ACARA BIMBINGAN SKRIPSI
1. Nama : Mella Silviana
2. NIM : 201310360311149
3. Fakultas : Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik
4. Program Studi : Hubungan Internasional
5. Judul Skripsi : PENGARUH SCHENGEN AGREEMENT
TERHADAP MUNCULNYA EUROSCEPTICISM DI PERANCIS
6. Pembimbing : 1) Hafid Adim Pradana, M.A
2) Ruli Inayah Ramadhoan, M.Si
7. Kronologi Bimbingan :
Tanggal
Tanda Tangan
Keterangan Pembimbing I Pembimbing II
02 Februari 2017 Daftar Judul
27 April 2017 ACC Sempro
19 September 2017 ACC BAB II
19 Desember 2017 ACC BAB III
27 Desember 2017 ACC Sidang Skripsi
Malang, 28 Desember 2017
Mengetahui,
Pembimbing I Pembimbing II
Hafid Adim Pradana, MA. Ruli Inayah Ramadhoan, M.Si
ii
PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS
Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini:
Nama : Mella Silviana
Tempat, tanggal lahir : Gresik, 21 Maret 1994
NIM : 201310360311149
Fakultas : Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik
Program studi : Hubungan Internasional
Menyatakan bahwa karya ilmiah (skripsi) dengan judul:
Pengaruh Schengen Agreement Terhadap Munculnya Euroscepticism Di
Perancis
Adalah karya ilmiah yang ditulis dan diteliti sendiri, baik sebagian maupun
keseluruhan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian merupakan data sekunder
yang kemudian di analisis dan diolah sendiri dengan menyantumkan sumber yang
benar dalam setiap data yang digunakan.
Dengan demikian, surat pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenar-benarnya
dan apabila pernyataan ini tidak benar, saya bersedia dan bertanggung jawab
untuk mendapatkan sanksi yang telah ditentukan.
Malang, 20 Januari 2018
Yang menyatakan,
Mella Silviana
iii
ABSTRAKSI
Mella Silviana, 2017, 201310360311149, Universitas Muhammadiyah
Malang, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan
Internasional, Pengaruh Schengen Agreement Terhadap Munculnya
Euroscepticism di Perancis, Dosen Pembimbing I : Hafid Adim Pradana MA.,
Dosen Pembimbing II : Ruli Inayah Romadhoan, M.Si.
Perancis merupakan salah satu negara di Eropa dengan tingkat imigran
yang terbilang tinggi kedua. Tingkat imigran yang terbilang tinggi ini
menempatkan penduduk asli Perancis merasa terancam. Dengan tingkat imigran
yang terbilang tinggi ini juga terjadi karena adanya Schengen Agreement yang
telah disepakati oleh negara anggotanya. Menanggapi hal tersebut telah
memunculkan pandangan Euroscepticism di Perancis.
Penelitian ini melihat alasan bagaimana pengaruh Schengen Agreement
terhadap munculnya Euroscepticism menggunakan teori non-traditional security.
Kemudian melihat sejauh mana pandangan sebagian dari masyarakat Perancis
yang anti terhadap imigran dengan menggunakan konsep Euroscepticism.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksplanatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui
library research.
Alasan dari pengaruh Schengen Agreement terhadap munculnya
Euroscepticism di Perancis terdiri dari tiga aspek dalam segi keamanan manusia.
Aspek keamanan ekonomi, keamanan personal dan keamanan komunitas. Dari
ketiga aspek tersebut yang dirasa mengancam masyarakat Perancis hingga
munculnya Euroscepticism.
Kata Kunci: Schengen Agreement, Imigran, Human Security dan
Euroscepticism
Malang, 29 Desember 2017
Peneliti
Mella Silviana
Mengetahui,
Pembimbing I Pembimbing II
Hafid Adim Pradana MA. Ruli Inayah Ramadhoan, M.Si
iv
ABSTRACT
Mella Silviana, 2017, 201310360311149, University of Muhammadiyah
Malang, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, International Relation
Department, Pengaruh Schengen Agreement Terhadap Munculnya
Euroscepticism di Perancis, Advisor I: Hafid Adim Pradana MA., Advisor II:
Ruli Inayah Ramadhoan M.Si.
France is one of the countries in Europe with the second highest level of
immigrants. This high level of immigrants puts the natives of France feeling
threatened. With a high level of immigrants is also due to the Schengen
Agreement that has been agreed by its member states. Responding to this matters
had been emergence the view of euroscepticism in France.
This study looks at the reasons for how the influence of Schengen
Agreement on the emergence of euroscepticism using the theory of Non-
Traditional Security. Then looks at how far the views of some of French society
that of anti-immigrant using the concept of euroscepticism. This research uses
explanative method with data collection through library research.
The reason for the influence of schengen agreement on the emergence of
euroscepticism in France consist of three aspects in terms of human security.
There are economic security, personal security and community security. From the
three aspects that are perceived to be a threat to the French society until its
emergence of euroscepticism.
Key Word: Schengen Agreement, Immigrant, Human Security and
Euroscepticism
Malang, 29 Desember 2017
Researcher
Mella Silviana
Approved,
Advisor I Advisor II
Hafid Adim Pradana MA. Ruli Inayah Ramadhoan M.Si.
v
KATA PENGANTAR
Segala Puji syukur Alhamdulillah penulis haturkan kehadirat Allah SWT
yang telah memberikan waktu dan kesempatan kepada penulis, sehingga dapat
menyelesaikan skripsi dengan judul “Pengaruh Schengen Agreement Terhadap
Munculnya Euroscepticism di Perancis”. Oleh Karena itu, tak salah kiranya bila
penulis mengungkapkan rasa terimakasih dan penghargaan kepada:
1. Drs. Fauzan, M. Pd., Selaku Rektor Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
yang telah memberikan kesempatan untuk menempuh perkuliahan di
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang dengan berbagai fasilitas yang
disediakan.
2. Drs. Rinikso Kartono, M.Si, selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu
Politik Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang yang telah memberikan
kemudahan menempuh perkuliahan di Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu
Politik Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang melalui berbagai Kebijakan.
3. Gonda Yumitro, MA, selaku Ketua Jurusan Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik
yang telah memotivasi dan memberi kemudahan selama menempuh
perkuliahan
4. Hafid Adim Pradana, MA, selaku Dosen Pembimbing pertama yang telah
membimbing dan meluruskan segala kekeliruan dalam menyusun Skripsi
ini.
vi
5. Ruli Inayah Ramadhoan, M.Si, selaku Dosen Pembimbing kedua yang
juga membimbing dan memberi arahan kepada penulis dalam
menyelesaikan skripsi ini.
6. Segenap Bapak / Ibu Dosen Jurusan Hubungan Internasional yang telah
memberikan Ilmunya dan Mendidik penulis hingga sampai disini.
7. Seluruh keluargaku serta teman-teman yang selalu memberiku semangat
hingga ahirnya skripsi ini selesai.
Malang, 7 Februari 2018
Mella Silviana
vii
PERSEMBAHAN
Dengan mengucap Syukur Alhamdulillah segala puji bagi Allah SWT,
kupersembahkan karya kecilku ini untuk orang-orang yang kusayang:
a. Ayah dan Ibuku tersayang, yang telah mendidik dan membesarkan dengan
ketulusan dan penuh kasih sayang dan selalu memberikan semangat,
motivasi serta menjadi donator utama sehingga telah mengantarkanku
sampai dapat menyelesaikan perkuliahan dan mendapat gelar sarjana.
Terima kasih atas doa-doa yang telah kalian panjatkan.
b. Saudara-saudaraku tersayang, yang telah memberikan semangat dan
motivasi tiada henti sehingga saya dapat menyelesaikan tugas akhir ini.
c. Sahabat-sahabat baikku, Ammelia Dewi, Alfin Ayuningtiyas, Dewi Ayu,
Nidda Ilmiah, Nasikah Nabila, Nurhikmah, Gusti Sovia, Ismiati Ainun,
Rufanis, Rosyidah Annisa, Yuli Asri dan Restya Herdianti, terima kasih
atas semangat dan dukungan serta doanya selama ini. Semoga kita selalu
diberi kemudahan, kelancaran dan kesuksesan di manapun kita berada.
d. Husnul Chotimah Rahanyamtel, sahabat yang terbaik dalam mengamalkan
ilmunya untuk dibagikan kepada saya dan teman-teman lainnya.
Terimakasih telah memberikan banyak masukan dan ide-ide dalam
penyusunan skripsi ini.
e. Teman-teman Hubungan Internasional-C angkatan 2013 yang tak mungkin
kusebutkan satu persatu, terima kasih atas segala dukungan, bantuan dan
doa kalian sehingga skripsi ini terselesaikan.
viii
f. Terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang tidak bisa kusebutkan dalam
membantu secara langsung dan tidak langsung dalam penyelesaian tugas
akhir ini.
ix
DAFTAR ISI
BERITA ACARA BIMBINGAN SKRIPSI ......................................................... i
PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ....................................................................... ii
ABSTRAKSI ......................................................................................................... iii
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... iv
KATA PENGNTAR .............................................................................................. v
PERSEMBAHAN ................................................................................................ vii
DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................... ix
DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................ xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................... xii
DAFTAR GRAFIK ............................................................................................ xiii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................... 1
1.1. Latar Belakang ......................................................................................... 1
1.2. Rumusan Masalah .................................................................................... 7
1.3. Tujuan Penelitian ...................................................................................... 7
1.4. Manfaat Penelitian .................................................................................... 7
1.4.1 Manfaat Akademis ............................................................................ 7
1.4.2. Manfaat Praktis ................................................................................. 8
1.5. Penelitian Terdahulu ................................................................................. 8
1.6. Kerangka Konsep dan Teori ................................................................... 20
1.6.1. Konsep Euroscepticism .................................................................. 20
1.6.2. Teori Non-Traditional Security ...................................................... 23
1.7. Metode Penelitian ................................................................................... 27
1.7.1. Jenis Penelitian ............................................................................... 27
1.7.2. Level Analisa .................................................................................. 27
1.7.3. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ............................................................. 28
1.7.4. Teknik Analisis Data ...................................................................... 28
1.8. Ruang Lingkup Penelitian ...................................................................... 29
1.8.1. Batasan Materi ................................................................................ 29
1.8.2. Batasan Waktu ................................................................................ 29
x
1.9. Hipotesa .................................................................................................. 30
1.10. Sistematika Penulisan ............................................................................. 31
BAB II. MIGRASI INTERNASIONAL PASCA KEBIJAKAN BEBAS VISA
DALAM SCHENGEN AGREEMENT .............................................................. 33
2.1. Sejarah Munculnya Schengen Agreement .............................................. 33
2.1.1. Schengen Agreement ....................................................................... 39
2.2. Laju Migrasi Internasional Pasca Schengen Agreement ......................... 40
2.2.1. Laju Migrasi dan Persebaran Migran di Negara-Negara Uni Eropa
…………………………………………………………………… 42
2.2.2. Laju Migrasi dan Persebaran Migran di Perancis ........................... 45
BAB III. EUROSCEPTICISM SEBAGAI REAKSI ATAS MASALAH
IMIGRAN YANG TERJADI DI PERANCIS .................................................. 49
3.1. Fenomena Euroscepticism di Uni Eropa. ............................................... 49
3.2. Masalah-Masalah Sosial Ekonomi yang Muncul di Perancis Pasca
Shengen Agreement…...……………………………………………………….57
3.3. Dampak Dari Masalah-Masalah Imigran Terhadap Kemunculan
Euroscepticism di Perancis…………………..……………………………......65
3.4. Perkembangan Eurscepticism di Perancis….…………………………..72
3.4.1. Tuntutan Euroscepticism di Perancis………………………….…..75
3.4.2. Pengaruh Euroscepticism Terhadap Posisi Uni Eropa di Mata
Perancis……………………………………………………………………...77
BAB IV PENUTUP ............................................................................................. 79
4.1. Kesimpulan ............................................................................................. 79
4.2. Saran ....................................................................................................... 81
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................... 82
xi
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1.1. Posisi Penelitian Terdahulu…………………………………...……18
Tabel 2.2. Stock Migrasi Internasional Sejak Tahun 1995-2015……………...42
Tabel 2.3. Wilayah Asal Migran yang Berada di Eropa Tahun 2013..............44
Tabel 2.4. Jumlah Populasi Imigran di Perancis………………………………46
Tabel 2.5. Populasi Imigran di Peracis Berdasar Negara Asal………………..47
Tabel 3.1. Negara-Negara yang Diuntungkan Dari Keanggotaan Uni Eropa..51
Tabel 3.2. Rata-Rata Pengangguran di Perancis..............................................62
Tabel 3.3. Sektor Pekerjaan Penduduk Asal dan Imigran Dari Tahun 2009-
2011(%)...........................................................................................................63
Tabel 3.4. Jumlah Populasi Imigran di Perancis……………………….……..64
xii
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1. Negara-Negara yang Menjadi Bagian Dari Schengen Agreement.38
Gambar 3.6. Kunjungan Marine Le Pen ke Pasar Untuk Berkampanye............76
xiii
DAFTAR GRAFIK
Grafik 3.5. Jumlah Pengangguran Selama Kepemimpinan Francois Hollande.68
82
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CoverKATA PENGANTARLembar Pengesahan baruBerita acara, orisinalitas, abstrak, kata pengantar, persembahanABSTRAKSIABSTRACT
DAFTAR ISIDAFTAR ISI
DAFTAR PUSTAKASimon, Patrick dan Elsa Steichen. 2014. The Labor Market Integration of New Immigrants in France. Diakses dalam https://www.migrationpolicy.org/sites/default/files/publications/DG%20Employment-France-FINALWEB.pdf. Pada 31 Oktober 2017, pukul 16.05 WIB.