The use of an electroactive polymer and a green inhibitor to prevent corrosion of mild steel in sea water

Presented by Kerilene Pierre

Supervised by Dr. Raffie Hosein

Fernando Burgamaschi, 2010Date of Presentation:31st March, 2015

Content

Introduction

Project objectives

Literature survey

Methodology

Research question

Method

Expected results

Project’s timeline

Daily mail reporter, 2012

Introduction: Corrosion

What is corrosion?

the destructive attack of a material by a chemical interaction with its environment (Patni et al., 2013)

Impacts on the oil and gas industry?

Platforms and facilities

mechanical failure

economic losses

intensified at offshore locations

Introduction:Corrosion Inhibition

CESL provides industrial sectors with various inhibitors,

some have heavy metals and toxins: relatively expensive

not eco-friendly

This study proposes inhibitors:

Green inhibitor, orange fruit waste

Electroactive polymer, polypyrrole

Both relatively inexpensive and eco-friendly

Introduction:Purpose of Study

Resist corrosion of mild steel electrodes in sea water

with orange fruit waste

with polypyrrole

New to oil and gas industry:

These inhibitors have not been applied to mild steel facilities and pipelines. industry being forced to find more eco-friendly inhibitors

Project Objectives

To analyse corrosion of mild steel electrodes in sea water

Use open circuit potential data (OCP) to monitor corrosion

Use electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to determine resistances of electrodes

Determine corrosion inhibiting abilities of the two proposed inhibitors

Literature survey:Oil & Gas Consultants

Petrotrin’s oil spill in 2013 corrosion of a slop oil tank (ignored warnings)

Keith Eddy (ICSL) & Stephen Lucas (Trinjet) recommended Rust Grip paint for mild steel infrastructure and underwater pipes for deepwater block success seals out elements costly ($ 1324.80/ gal) savings (reduced maintenance) (Khan, 2014)

Literature surveyCase studies: Gulf of Mexico (GOM)

Chevron (Ashworth, 2000)

amines and amides successful inhibitors Smooth passive film reduced drag tested on 6 inch, 5mile subsea flowline

Clariant Oil Services (COS, 2014)

water soluble inhibitor flowline at GOM film persistent 60 % reduced corrosion

Literature survey:Proposed inhibitorPolypyrrole, good corrosion inhibitor:

anodic protection, reduced corrosion

Performance varied Longer period for film formation

Application methods (El-Shazly & Wazzan, 2012)

Some say unsuccessful corrosion inhibitor:

Did not provide anodic protection

Steel corroded Application method failed (Krstajic et al., 1997)

Literature survey:Proposed inhibitor

Ascorbic acid, good inhibitor in alkaline sea water:

protective film forms

reduces corrosion rate

by reducing the dissolved metal

good adhesion to metal surface (Yaro et al., 2013)

The literature indicated a high possibility for success offshore of the proposed inhibitors

Methodology:

Corrosion monitoring techniques:

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)

Open circuit potentials (OCP)

Electrical field signature method ( EFSM)

EIS & OCP

used extensively to evaluate coatings and corrosion

(Jones, 1996)

Methodology: EIS process

(Okazaki & Nagata, 2012)

Methodology:EIS advantages

Advantages measures corrosion current under coating sensitive method detects corrosion that is not visually noticeable non-destructive mobile, compact time dependent data

Disadvantages use requires skill expensive (Olivier & Poelman, 2012)

Research Question & Hypothesis

Research Question:

Can the electroactive polymer and the green inhibitor coatings applied to mild steel inhibit corrosion in sea water?

Hypothesis:

The green inhibitor is not a better corrosion inhibitor than the electroactive polymer in deep water environments based on EIS and OCP techniques.

Method

Cleaning of mild steel rods

Preparation of orange fruit waste inhibitor

Preparation of polypyrrole inhibitor

Preparation of buffer solution

Treatment and coating of electrodes

EIS analysis

EIS data collection with Gamry Software

Open circuit data collection with multimeter

Expected Results & Discussion

Open Circuit Potential graphs: increased potential, increased corrosion

Day0 Day3 Day4 Day5 Day7 Day10 Day12 Day17 Day200.45

0.5

0.55

0.6

0.65

0.7

0.75

0.8

LG2: Line Graph 2 of Resting potentials ( Erest) of the UTP1, TPANI3, UTPANI1 and UTC3 electrodes for days

0-20.

UTP1

TPANI3

UTPANI1

UTC3

Time (days)

Resti

ng P

oten

tial (

V)

(Pierre, 2012)

Expected Results & Discussion

Nyquist plots: identify kinetic properties under diffusion control, Warburg impedance, resistive element

(Pierre, 2012)

Expected Results & Discussion

Magnitude Bode plots: determine resistances

(Pierre, 2012)

Expected Results & Discussion

Phase Bode plots: decrease in phase angle, decrease in corrosion

(Pierre, 2012)

Discussion

Corrosion inhibition aided

Graphs show proof of passive films formed by corrosion inhibitors

Application of the inhibitor impacted its success

- methods for best adhesion, increase inhibition

Conclusion of Expected Results

Success monitoring corrosion with OCP and EIS

Corrosion was reduced by inhibitors

-due to passive films

Oil based enamel paint better than polypyrrole Possibly due to application techniques

Paint had better adhesion

Similar graphs and results are expected for the inhibitors of this current study to resolve the hypothesis

Gantt Chart: Project’s Timeline

Bibliography Ashworth, W. (2000) Drag Reducing Agent for Gas Pipelining Successful in Gulf of Mexico Trial

http://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-98/issue-23/transportation/dra-for-gas-pipelining-successful-in-gulf-of-mexico-trial.html Oil and Gas Journal (accessed 9th March, 2015)

Badmos, A. and Ajimotokan, H. (2009) The Corrosion of Mild Steel in Orange Juice environment. www.unilorin.edu.ng/publication. (accessed 12th February, 2015.)

Chandler, N. (2014) How Faraday Cages Work (2012) http://science.howstuffworks.com/faraday-cage.htm (accessed 16th February 2015.)

Choi, Y., Farelas, F., Nešić, S., Magalhães, A.; Andrade, C. (2013) Corrosion Behavior of Deep Water Oil Production Tubing Material under Supercritical CO2 Environment: Part I. Effect of Pressure and Temperature. NACE International. Paper No. 2380. p. 1-12

Corrosion and Environmental Services Limited (2015) Corrosion Solutions. Corrosion and Environmental Services, Carapichaima, Trinidad. http://cesltrinidad.com/construction-industrial-water-treatment-chemicals.html (accessed 9th March, 2015)

Corrosion Doctors (2009) Corrosion Monitoring Techniques. http://www.corrosion-doctors.org/MonitorBasics/Types.htm. (accessed 14th January, 2015)

El-Shazly, A. and Wazzan, A. (2012) Using Polypyrrole Coating for Improving the Corrosion Resistance of Steel Buried in Corrosive Mediums. http://www.electrochemsci.org/papers/vol7/7031946.pdf. International Journal of Electrochemical Science. Volume 7. p.1946 – 1957. (accessed 15th February, 2015)

Gamry Instruments (2009) Application note: Basics of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy . Gamry Instruments. Sept, 2009. p.1. http://www.gamry.com/assets/Application-Notes/Basics-of-EIS.pdf . (accessed 17th February, 2015.)

Hill, J. and Kolb, D. (2001) Chemistry for Changing Times.9th Ed.; Prentice Hall: New Jersey, United States of America. p.27.

Iloamaeke, M., Onuegbu, U., Umeobika, C., and Umedum, L. (2013) Green Approach to Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel Using Emilia Sonchifolia and Vitex Doniana In 2.5M HCl Medium. International Journal of Science and Modern Engineering. Volume 1. Issue 3. p. 1.

Iroh, J. and Su, W. (2012) Corrosion performance of polypyrrole coating applied to low carbon steel by an electrochemical process. Electrochemical Acta 46.2000. p.15-24

Jones, D. (1996) Principles and Prevention of Corrosion, 2nd ed.; Prentice Hall: New Jersey, United States of America. p.109

Khan, A. (2014) New Product to Help Prevent Future Oil Spills. Guardian Media Limited Newspaper: Chaguanas, Trinidad. http://www.guardian.co.tt/business/2014-04-01/new-product-help-prevent-future-oil-spills (Accessed 9th March, 2015)

Bibliography Krstajic, N., Grgur, B., Jovanovic, S. and Vojnovic, V. (1997) Polypyrrole. Electrochimica Acta, 42. p.1685.

Le Minh Duc and Vu Quoc Trung. (2013) Layers of Inhibitor Anion – Doped Polypyrrole for Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel. InTech. p. 145-147.

Manohar, A., Bretschger. O, Nealson, K. and Mansfeld, F. (2008) The use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the evaluation of the electrochemical properties of a microbial fuel cell . [Online] Bioelectrochemistry: Volume 72. p. 149. http://www.microbialfuelcell.org/Publications/USC/200.pdf (accessed 20th January, 2015) 

Novocontrol Technologies (2012) Impedance Spectroscopy. http://novocontrol.de/html/introeis.htm (accessed January 22nd, 2015)

Okazaki, Y. and Nagata, H. (2012).Comparisons of immersion and electrochemical properties of highly biocompatible Ti–15Zr–4Nb–4Ta alloy and other implantable metals for orthopaedic implants. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials. Volume 8.

Olivier, M. and Poelman, M. (2012) Use of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) for the Evaluation of Electrocoatings Performances. In Tech. p. 7.

Papavinasm, S. (1999) 59. Corrosion Inhibitors. CANMET Materials Technology Laboratory: Ottawa, Canada. p. 1089-1104

Patni, N., Agarwal, S. and Shah, P. (2013) Greener Approach towards Corrosion Inhibition. [Online] Chinese Journal of Engineering; Volume 2013. 2013. p. 1-4. http://www.hindawi.com/journals/cje/2013/784186/ (accessed January 26th, 2015.)

Pierre, K. (2012) Comparing Corrosion on Treated and Untreated mild steel surfaces coated with an electroactive polymer or an oil based enamel paint in a sea water environment. University of the West Indies Campus Library: St. Augustine, Trinidad. p. 13-26.

Sadeghi, K. (2007) An Overview of Design, Analysis, Construction and Installation of Offshore Petroleum Platforms Suitable for Cyprus Oil/Gas Fields. Girne American University. Volume 2. p. 1-8

Singh, Aditya, Ji, G., Prakash, R., Ebenso, E. and Singh, Ashish. (2013) Cephamycin; A Novel Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel Corrosion in HCl Acid Solution. International Journal of Electrochemical Science. Volume 8. p. 9442-9448.

Yaro, A., Khadom, A. and Wael, R. (2013) Apricot juice as green corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in phosphoric acid. Alexandria Engineering Journal. Volume 52. p. 129-135.