BADAN TENAGA NUKLIR NASIONAL / National Nuclear Energy Agency JL. KUNINGAN BARAT, MAMPANG PRAPATAN, JAKARTA 12710, TELPON: 5255213

Adiwardojo

The role of nuclear energy in the optimum energy mix of Indonesia Presented at the Consultancy Meeting on Survey of Existing National-

Long-Range Nuclear Energy Strategies, 22 to 23 March, 2012 at the IAEA Headquarters, Vienna, Austria

1. Introduction of Nuclear Power

• Indonesia has for a long period planned for the introduction of nuclear power.

• Act No 10 of 1997 on Nuclear Energy. This is the primary legislation in Indonesia

• Act No. 17 of 2007 on Long-Term National Development Plan of Indonesia for 2005 to 2025. This is the basis act of establishing long term commitment for the use of nuclear energy to meet national energy demand.

• Indonesia performed self-assessment on National Nuclear Infrastructure prior to Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review and IAEA-INIR mission was held in November 2009

• Action Plan Phase 2 status IFR have been prepared

FOUNDATION PHYLOSOPHY

• APPLICATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY IS FOR PEACEFUL USES ONLY

• SAFETY & SECURITY IS THE PRIME CONSIDERATION

• DEMAND DRIVEN AND STAKEHOLDER SATISFACTION

Energy Diversification

– Diversity primary energy use for power generation and reduce fossil fuel dependency (esp. Oil)

Energy Conservation – Energy efficiency to reduce total domestic energy

and electricity demand and increase added value

Environmental Protection – Reduce SOx, NOx and Green-House-Gases

emission to support sustainable development and minimize externalities

Energy Security and Climate Change Mitigation

THE NECESSITY OF NUCLEAR ENERGY

Electricity Production Cost – Economically competitive and stabilize electricity

tariff.

Acquiring of High-Tech Power Generation – High Technology utilization will increase national

industrial capacity

Note : Optimum Energy Mix with non-discriminative and non-depletion to realize security of energy supply and to mitigate climate change in order to support national sustainable development

National Energy Policy, Presidential Regulation No: 5 Year 2006

National Nuclear Infrastructure Development in Indonesia, 2011 - Self Assessment of national nuclear infrastructure,

Report on IAEA’s INIR Mission and Action Plan on next phase of nuclear infrastructure development.

Country Nuclear Power Profile, 2011

- National energy situation and policy, Energy planning including nuclear power programme, Organization and Legal framework.

2. Available Documents Containing Nuclear Energy Strategy

• Time Frame covered by the Strategy National Energy Policy 2006 - 2025 • Process of Generation and Approval of

Documents Presidential Regulation is generated and approved by

the President of the Republic of Indonesia. Report on Nuclear Infrastructure Development in

Indonesia is generated by the National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) in cooperation with related Institutions.

Country Nuclear Power Profile of Indonesia is generated by the National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) in cooperation with Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency (BAPETEN) and delivered to IAEA periodically to be published in the IAEA’s website

Notes :

• Level Details in the Strategy The policy underlines the need of conversion in all

sectors to be implemented immediately to reduce the dependence on oil fuel as well as to diversify energy, alleviate poverty, increase economic growth, and promote environmentally-friendly development.

• Frequency of updates of documents National Energy Policy is revisited every 5 years. Nuclear Infrastructure Development in Indonesia and

Country Nuclear Power Profile are updated annually

Notes :

• Connection to National Sustainable

Development Plant nuclear energy as part of national energy mix to

strengthen national energy security and to mitigate climate change.

• Strategy after Fukushima. Public information and education activities Lesson learned and Improve nuclear safety for the

application and development of sustainable nuclear energy system in Indonesia

Siting studies by incorporating the lesson learned from Fukushima accident.

• The government of Indonesia intends to apply an optimum energy mix comprising all viable prospective energy sources

• The Presidential Regulation No.5 year 2006 indicates the target of energy mix until 2025 including nuclear energy

10

National Energy Policy

22

Wind

3. Indonesia has long been a strong advocate in promoting nuclear energy for peaceful proposes

Indonesia is a state party to the NPT, SEANWFZ, and member of IAEA, ANSN and FNCA

Article IV of the NPT not only recognizes, but also

justified the inalienable right of every state to develop nuclear for peaceful purposes without discrimination.

To show its commitment to nuclear non-proliferation,

Indonesia has put in place integrated safeguards system which covers both the comprehensive safeguards and the additional protocol of IAEA to its nuclear facilities

SAFEGUARDS CONCLUSIONS : For 13 States ( Australia, Croatia, Ghana, the Holy See,

Hungary, Indonesia, Jordan, Monaco, New Zealand,

Norway, Peru, Slovenia and Uzbekistan ) having both

Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement (CSA) and

Additional Protocol (AP) in force, the IAEA concluded

that all nuclear material had been placed under

safeguards and remained in peaceful nuclear activities.

Source : International Atomic Energy Agency

STATUS OF INDONESIA : INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON NUCLEAR ENERGY

Signed (1997) Bilateral cooperation and supply agreement(s) 11.

Signed (1997) Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage 10.

Signed (1997) Protocol to Amend the Vienna Convention 9.

Ratified by PD No 84 Year 2010 Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management

8.

Agreed by Parliament for ratification Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) 7.

Ratified by No.106 Year 2001 Convention on Nuclear Safety 6.

Ratified: Act No. 9 Year. 1997 Treaty on the Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon Free Zone

5.

Ratified by PD No. 82 Year 1993 Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency

4.

Ratified by PD No. 81 Year. 1993 Convention on Early Notification of A Nuclear Accident 3.

Ratified by President Degree (PD) No. 49 Year. 1986

Convention on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and its Amendment

2.

Ratified: Act No. 8 Year. 1978 Signed Signed

Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) - Safeguard Agreement with IAEA - Additional Protocol to Safeguards

1.

STATUS INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS No.

4. Evaluation of the status of nuclear national infrastructure

• In order to assess status of nuclear national infrastructure a self-assessment using milestone approach is used

• The status (Nov 2009) is shown as Figure 1 • The nuclear national infrastructure is developed in three phase with

each milestone: • First phase: consideration before decision to launch a nuclear power

program with milestone 1 of ready to make knowledgeable commitment to nuclear power program

• Second phase: preparatory work for the construction of a NPP after a policy decision with milestone 2 ready to invite bid

• Thirds phase: activities to implement a first NPP with milestone 3 ready to commission and operate the first NPP

Integrated Nuclear Infrastruktur Review (INIR)

• INIR mission is conducted in order to provide external peer review by IAEA

• INIR Mission is implemented at different phases of the infrastructure development of Member state

• INIR Mission phase 1 has been done in 23-27 November 2009

Evaluation of the status of nuclear national infrastructure

• Key Infrastructure Issues to be evaluated

• National position • Nuclear safety • Management • Funding and financing • Legislative framework • Safeguards • Regulatory framework • Radiation protection • Electrical grid • Human resources development

• Stakeholder involvement • Site and supporting facilities • Environmental protection • Emergency planning • Security and physical

protection • Nuclear fuel cycle • Radioactive waste • Industrial involvement • Procurement

IAEA document for newcomer • “Potential for Sharing Nuclear Power Infrastructure

between Countries”, TECDOC-1522, October 2006 • “Managing the First Nuclear Power Plant Project”,

TECDOC-1555, May 2007 • “Considerations to Launch a Nuclear Power Programme”

,GOV/INF/2007/2 , March 2007 • “Milestones in the Development of a National

Infrastructure for Nuclear Power, NE Series Guide NG-G- 3.1, September 2007

• INSAG-22 on Safety Infrastructure, 2008 • Evaluation of the Status of National Nuclear

Infrastructure Development, NE Series No. NG-T-3.2, 2008

• Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review (INIR) Missions, Guidance on Preparing and Conducting INIR Missions, 2009

Fig 1: Nuclear Infrastructure Development Program (Nov 2009)

Phase 1

Consideration before a decision to

launch a nuclear power programme

is taken

Phase 2

Preparatory work for the construction

of a NPP after a policy decision has

been taken

Phase 3

Activities to implement a first

NPP

Phase 4

Maintenance and continuous

infrastructure improvement

Pre Project Project Decision Making

Construction Operation/ decommissioning

Nulear power option included

within the national energy

strategy

Milestone 1 Ready to make a knowledgeable commitment to a nuclear programme

Milestone 2 Ready to invite bids for the first NPP

Milestone 3 Ready to commission and operate the first NPP

10-15 years

Pres.Reg. 5/2006

Act. 17/2007

Feasibility study Bidding process Commissioning

Infra

stru

ctur

e D

evel

opm

ent

Pro

gram

1st

NP

P

Pro

ject

Status NPP Dev

No. INFRASTRUCTURE STATUS OF PHASE 1 1. National Position NEPIO not yet establish

2. Nuclear Safety No actions needed

3. Management NEPIO not yet establish

4. Funding and Financing Minor actions needed

5. Legislative Framework Minor actions needed

6. Safeguards No actions needed

7. Regulatory Framework No actions needed

8. Radiation Protection No actions needed

9. Electric Grid No actions needed

10. Human Resource No action needed

11. Stakeholder Involvement Well-structured programme needs to establihed

12. Site and Supporting facility Minor actions needed

13. Environmental Protection No actions needed

14. Emergency Planning No actions needed

15. Security and Physical Protection No actionsw needed

16. Nuclear Fuel Cycle No actions needed

17. Radioactive Waste No actions needed

18. Industrial Involment Minor actions needed

19. Procurement No actions needed

Recommendations and Suggestions

5. Major Concerns on NPP Preparation

• Public Acceptance – Socialization – National level – Local site

• Siting – Site and Environmental study (safety related, non safety, and social aspects)

• Safety Concerns – Technology (proven technology) – Culture

• The choice of NPP Technology – Proven Technology

• Top management Commitment : NEPIO • Supports

– Politicians/Parliament – NGO’s – Community & Religious Leaders

• Human Resources Development for NPP • Lesson learnt from NPP Fukushima accident.

6. Conclusion Nuclear energy is available to constribute, in sustainable

development manner, to meeting the energy needs of the 21st century.

The role of nuclear energy would increase the diversity of

energy supplies and strengthen energy supply security as well as climate change mitigation

Indonesia has done extensive preparatory work on most

infrastructure issues that would allow the country to make decision to further consider introduction of nuclear power, i.e. to go from phase 1 to phase 2 in Milestone methodology.

The introduction of NPP is not only to reach an optimal energy mix based on costs and environmental protection, but also to relieve the pressure arising from increasing demad for oil and gas as well as to support sustainable development.

The necessity of NPP to suffice conservation, intensification,

diversification and sustainable of energy supply will be symbiotic and synergetic to fossil and new as well as renewable enery supply.

Nuclear power can be utilized for electricity production and non

eletricity application ( such as ; Desalination, EOR, Hydrogen production, Coal gasification and liquifaction etc ).

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