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Peeling the Layers
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
What is inside Earth?
• Earth is made of several layers.
• Each layer has its own characteristic properties.
• Scientists think about Earth’s layers in two ways—in terms of chemical composition and in terms of physical properties.
Unit 4 Lesson 1 Earth’s Layers
http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/earthsstructure/
http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/earthsstructure/
Brain pop on earth’s layers
What are Earth’s compositional layers?
• Earth can be divided into four layers based on chemical composition: the crust, the mantle, and the outer core and the inner core.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 4 Lesson 1 Earth’s Layers
What are Earth’s compositional layers?
• The outermost solid layer of Earth is the crust.
• There are two types of crust: • A)continental and• B) oceanic.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 4 Lesson 1 Earth’s Layers
What are Earth’s compositional layers?
• Both types of crust are made mostly of oxygen, silicon, and aluminum. Crustal plates are made up of crust and upper mantle.
• Oceanic crust is denser than continental crust because it contains almost twice as much iron, calcium, and magnesium.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 4 Lesson 1 Earth’s Layers
Do Do Do this with the worksheet
YOYUR PROJECTU
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PROJE
What are Earth’s compositional layers?
• The mantle is located between the crust and the core. 30 km-2900 km thick; temp. over 1,000 degrees C.
• The mantle is a region of hot, slow-flowing solid rock.
• The mantle contains more magnesium and less aluminum and silicon than the crust.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 4 Lesson 1 Earth’s Layers
What are Earth’s compositional layers?• Convection is the movement of matter that
results from differences in density caused by variations in temperature.
• Convection in the mantle causes cooler rock to sink and warmer rock to rise.
• This aids in moving the plates ( plate tectonics)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 4 Lesson 1 Earth’s Layers
11.6 km = 1 mile !
Fill in worksheet
TheThe The core extends from
Below mantle to center of the earth.
The core is densest layer and makes up about 1/3 of the earth’s mass.
What are Earth’s physical layers?
• Earth is also divided into layers based on physical properties, such as whether the layer is solid or liquid.
• The five physical layers are the lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, outer core, and inner core.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 4 Lesson 1 Earth’s Layers
Label your worksheet
What are Earth’s physical layers?
• The outermost, rigid layer of Earth is the lithosphere.
• The lithosphere is made of the crust and the rigid, upper part of the mantle. It is about 100 km thick. ( about 63 miles )
• The lithosphere is divided into pieces called tectonic plates.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 4 Lesson 1 Earth’s Layers
What are Earth’s physical layers?
• The asthenosphere is the layer of weak or soft mantle made of solid rock that moves very slowly.
• The asthenosphere is located below the lithosphere and is often described as “plastic like”
• Tectonic plates move on top of the asthenosphere.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 4 Lesson 1 Earth’s Layers
What are Earth’s physical layers?
• The strong, lower part of the mantle is called the mesosphere.
• Rock in the mesosphere flows more slowly than rock in the asthenosphere.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 4 Lesson 1 Earth’s Layers
What are Earth’s physical layers?
• The outer core is the liquid layer of Earth’s core.
• The outer core lies beneath the mantle and surrounds the inner core. About 3700 degrees C
• Mostly nickel and Iron– this liquid layer contributes to the Earth’s magnetic field.
• The magnetic field of the Earth protects the Earth from the Sun’s dangerous radiation
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 4 Lesson 1 Earth’s Layers
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/cosmology-and-astronomy/earth-history-topic/plate-techtonics/v/compositional-and
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/cosmology-and-astronomy/earth-history-topic/plate-techtonics/v/compositional-and
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/cosmology-and-astronomy/earth-history-topic/plate-techtonics/v/compositional-and-mechanical-layers-of-the-earth
What are Earth’s physical layers?
• The inner core is the solid, dense center of our planet. Thickness: 5100 km to 6400 km ; temp. is about 4, 300 – 5000 degrees C
• The inner core extends from the bottom of the outer core to the center of Earth. Almost all IRON!
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 4 Lesson 1 Earth’s Layers
YOUR PROJECT
Do Do Do this with the worksheet
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