PEDIATRIC NURSING PEDIATRIC NURSING CARECARE

PRINCIBLE OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

OUT LINE :-OUT LINE :-

Introduction Nursing processImportant of knowledge about growth and

development Principle of growth & development Factors influencing G&D Theories of Development

**Nursing process****Nursing process**

1. Assessment

2. Nursing diagnosis

3. Planning

4. Implementation

5. Evaluation

**Principles of growth and development ****Principles of growth and development **

Growth & development are occasionally used interchangeable but they are totally different

• Grow-up:- complex phenomena because there are many interrelated factors involve

• Maturing :- also involve growth ability to performed skills,to think,to related to people &to trust.

**Principles of growth and development ****Principles of growth and development **

*Growth :- is generally used to denote an increased in physical size (quantitative change) wt--- kg ht ---cm

*Development :- is used to denote an increased in skill or the ability to function(qualitative change)measure by:-

1.by observing child ability to perform tasks

2. Record parents description

3. Used standard test

**Principles of growth and development ****Principles of growth and development **

*cognitive D:- the ability to learn or understanding from

experienced to acquired & retain knowledge to respond to anew situation and to solve problem …measured by (intelligence test).

*psych-sexual D:- developed of instincts or sexual pleasure *moral D:-to know right from wrong

• Growth Patterns:- certain body tissues mature more rapidly than other .

• 1. 2y ( neurological tissues )

2. 2y-5y ( brain development )

3. Infant &childhood (lymph nodes.tonsillar )

Factors influencing G&DFactors influencing G&D

Genetics Gender Health Intelligence EnvironmentNutrition Temperament

TemperamentTemperament

The usual reaction pattern of an individual or individual ch.ch,manner of thinking ,behavior,or reacting to stimuli in the environment (chess&thomas1985)

( it’s an inborn characteristic)

*the nine separate ch.ch that define reactivity pattern each child pattern is made up of these individual element as described below:-

Nine ch.ch for reactive Nine ch.ch for reactive patternpattern 1. Activity level

The level of the activity among child different widely 2. Rhythmcity

Some child regular other irregular 3.Approach

Refers to a child's response on initial contact with a new situation

4. Adaptability Is ability to change one reaction to stimuli over time

5. Intensity of reaction 6. Distractibility

Children who easily destroy can be easy manage

Nine ch.ch for reactive Nine ch.ch for reactive patternpattern

7. Attention span& persistence

The ability to remain interest in project or activity 8. Threshold of response

Is the intensity level of stimulation that is necessary to evoke a reaction (low threshold---little stimuli)

9. Mood quality

If the child always happy&laughing ( positive mood quality)

Factors influencing G&DFactors influencing G&D

EnvironmentSocioeconomic Parent-child relationship Ordinary position in the family Health Nutrition

Theories of Development Theories of Development

Many theories descripe how children grow emotional,psychological and intellectual

1. Freud’s psychoanalytic theory

2. Erickson psychosocial development

3. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development

4. Kohl berg's theory of moral development

Freud’s psychoanalytic theory Freud’s psychoanalytic theory (1856-1939)(1856-1939)

1. Infant …oral phase 2. Toddler …anal phase 3. Preschooler …phallic phase4. School age child …latent phase 5. Adolescent … genital phase

Erickson psychosocial developmentErickson psychosocial development(1902-1996)(1902-1996)

1. Infant (Trust versus Mistrust)2. Toddler ( autonomy versus shame or doubt)3.Preschool ( initiative versus guilt)4. School ( industry versus inferiority)5. Adolescent ( identity versus role confusion) 6. Young adult ( sense of intimacy)7. Middle age (sense of generativist )

Piaget’s theory of cognitive Piaget’s theory of cognitive development (1896-1980)development (1896-1980)

1. Sensorimotor… 1. neonatal reflex

2. Primary circular reaction 3.secondary circular reaction 4. Tertiary circular reaction

2. Preoperational thought (preschooler) 3. Concrete operational thought(school age) 4. Formal operational thought (adolescent)

Kohl berg's theory of moral Kohl berg's theory of moral development (1927-1987)development (1927-1987)

1. Infant (pre-religious stage)2. Toddler (sense of right & wrong)3. Preschool (self-interest*egocentrism*)4. School age (conventional development)5. Adolescent ( post conventional

development )