Scott Foresman Reading Street 3.6.5

Genre Build Background Access Content Extend Language

Nonfi ction • Freedom

• Equality

• Captions

• Labels

• Photographs

• Map

• Prefi xes

ISBN-13:ISBN-10:

978-0-328-49698-30-328-49698-7

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9 0 0 0 0 by Amy Caldera

Reader

49698_CVR.indd A 7/2/09 3:59:18 PM

Question of the Week What is the best way to keep your freedom?

Key Comprehension SkillGeneralize

Concept Wordscustom equalityNobel Peace Prize retired

Learning Goals

Nelson Mandela fought for equality in South Africa.

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Scott Foresman® is a trademark, in the U.S. and/or in other countries, of Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates.

ISBN-13: 978-0-328-49698-3 ISBN-10: 0-328-49698-7

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by Amy Caldera

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In 1918, a boy was born in a tiny village in South Africa. The family named their son Rolihlahla (RO lee lah la). “Rolihlahla” means troublemaker. This boy later became known as Nelson Mandela. The “trouble” Nelson Mandela made helped many people win their freedom.

Africa

Atlantic Ocean

Indian Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

South Africa is at the southern tip of Africa.

South Africa

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In the early 1900s, diamonds were discovered in South Africa. Before that, farming was the main job for most people.

But the discovery of diamonds did not bring riches to everyone. Most diamond fields were owned by the government.

A diamond field in the early 1900s in South Africa

4

The government controlled most things in South Africa. It controlled the land people farmed. The government also controlled how much money people earned.

South Africans were not free to make many choices. They could not vote for their leaders or buy things from most stores.

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Few people in Mandela’s village knew how to read.

One day, a man came to see Mandela’s mother. He said that her son should go to school. No one in his family had gone to school. His mother was glad he would have a chance to learn.

Mandela went to a school like this one.

school

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From the start, Mandela was a good student. His teacher thought he would do great things in South Africa.

It was the custom for teachers to give African students English names. So she named him “Nelson”. “Nelson” means “son of a champion.”

custom: something that people always do

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Mandela’s father died when he was still a boy. Afterward, he went to live with the village chief. The chief taught him how to be a leader.

When Mandela went to college, he saw that many laws were not fair. He fought against these laws and got into trouble. He was forced to leave the college.

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Mandela did not give up. He went to law school and became a lawyer.Then he started the first office for black lawyers in South Africa.

Mandela wanted to help make the laws fair to everyone. He wanted the people of South Africa to have more freedom.

law office

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Nelson Mandela went all over South Africa. He told people to believe in equality. He helped them fight unfair laws.

The government did not like what Mandela was doing. He was put in jail for almost 30 years.

Nelson Mandela visiting the jail

equality: to treat everyone the same

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In 1990, Mandela was let out of jail. It was important news all over the

world.The government told Mandela not to

make any more trouble. If he did, they would send him back to jail. But Nelson Mandela continued to fight for equality and freedom.

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Mandela believed that all people should be free to make choices. He wanted all people to be able to vote. He fought for equality most of his life.

In 1993, Nelson Mandela won the Nobel Peace Prize for his work.

Nelson Mandela won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993.

Nobel Peace Prize: award given to a person who works for peace

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In 1994, Mandela became president of South Africa. He later retired and moved back to the village where he lived as a boy.

Nelson Mandela is no longer a troublemaker. But his fight for equality and freedom will never be forgotten.

retired: stopped working

Talk About It1. Do you think the author really feels Nelson

Mandela caused trouble?

2. Tell how you feel when you see someone being treated unfairly.

Write About It3. On a separate sheet of paper, write one sentence

about something good that happened to Nelson Mandela. Then write one sentence about something bad that happened to him.

Extend LanguageYou learned that equality means to treat everyone the same. The word “inequality” means to not treat everyone the same. The prefix in- means “not.” What do you think the words incorrect and informal mean?

PhotographsEvery effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.

Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education.

Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd)

Cover Scanfoto/Reuters/Landov LLC; 2 Map Resources; 3 Corbis; 4 Getty Images; 6 ©Baileys Archive/The Image Works, Inc.; 7 I.D.A.F. /SIPA Press; 8 Getty Images; 9 ©David Turnley/Corbis; 10 (Bkgd) ©Peter Turnley/Corbis, (Inset) ©The British Museum/The Image Works, Inc.; 11 Scanfoto/Reuters/Landov LLC; 12 ©Ray Stubblebine/Reuters/Landov LLC

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