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Peacebuilding ChallengeToolkit

Acknowledgements

This report was prepared by Birat Lekhak and Saori Machimura under the general guidance of Yuan-Kwan Chan, Head of Office of ReliefWeb, Bangkok.

The report benefitted from internal reviews from Kirsten Griffiths and Pattarawan Toland as well as contributions from Elise Thomas and Jonathan St. Onge.

We would also like to extend our gratitude to Kim Solomon, Janice Leong, Sucharat Tong-On, Madeleine King, Ilaria Piccato, Joshua Dale Santos, Jasmine Valcic, Liu Xiu Fan, Md Asif Ahmed, and Nuengruetai Rakjun for making the Peacebuilding Challenge a resounding success.

May 2019

Cover image: Ilaria Piccato

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Table of Contents

About 4

Background 5

Disclaimer 6

We Need To Talk About Gary: A Peacebuilding Challenge

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The Isle of Gary 9

Short Brief 11

Structure 12

Judging criteria 14

Profile template 15

Relationship chart 16

Sample country profile 17

Sample stakeholder profile 22

Grading criteria 29

Rubric 30

Appendix A - Email to participants 31

Appendix B - Logistics example 32

Appendix C - Peacebuilding handbook 33

Appendix D - Stakeholder chart template 36

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AboutReliefWeb is the leading humanitarian information source on global

crises and disasters. It is a specialized digital service of the United

Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA).

We provide reliable and timely information, enabling humanitarian

workers to make informed decisions and to plan an effective

response. We collect and deliver key information, including the

latest reports, maps and infographics from trusted sources.

ReliefWeb’s editorial team monitors and collects information from

more than 4,000 key sources, including humanitarian agencies at

the international and local levels, governments, think tanks and

research institutions, and the media. ReliefWeb editors identify and

select the content that is most relevant to global humanitarian

workers.

ReliefWeb is also a valuable resource for job listings and training

programs, helping humanitarians build new skills and discover

exciting new career opportunities.

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In November 2018, the ReliefWeb Bangkok team facilitated a Peacebuilding Challenge as part of Peace Summit of Emerging Leaders organized by Humanitarian Affairs Asia. The team crea-ted a simulation exercise about a fictional territorial dispute to be solved through cooperation between countries and various

stakeholders. Each participant was assigned a group to represent, along with unique narratives and goals. After its successful run, numerous educators who accompanied the participants and witnessed the Challenge contacted ReliefWeb for relevant materials in order to adopt and organize the Challenge at their respective institution. It is our hope that this Peacebuilding Challenge toolkit be used widely by educators in order to foster future peacebuilders and the spirit of cooperation.

Background

Photo: Humanitarian Affairs Asia

Disclaimer

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This is a work of fiction. Any names or characters, businesses or places, events or incidents, are fictitious. Any resemblance to actual persons, living or dead, or actual events is purely coincidental. The mention of specific companies does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ReliefWeb in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.

The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of ReliefWeb concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

All reasonable precautions have been taken by ReliefWeb to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall ReliefWeb be liable for damages arising from its use.

We Need to Talk About Gary: A Peacebuilding Challenge

The Scenario: It is the year 2040. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

have not been achieved. Ten years have passed since a shift in

tectonic plates gave rise to a new, resource-rich island in the South

China Sea situated outside of any state’s territorial waters. The

island has been named by the international community as Gary.

Eight states are in dispute over who can lay claim over it: Australia,

Brunei Darussalam, China (The People’s Republic of), Japan,

Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Việt Nam. These states

have been in formal and informal negotiations concerning the

newly formed island.

All states will meet today at the United Nations to discuss the

relative merits of their claims, and to reach a mutual agreement on

how to manage the island. Various private and public stakeholders

will also be present at the meeting to share opinions, present

suggestions and lobby the states.

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8

Gary is a biologically-diverse island, home to various flora and fauna.Image: Liu Xiu Fan

The Isle of Gary

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Gary rests outside of any national jurisdiction, but has become the subject of intense interest to the countries and stakeholders present in the region since its formation. The small island of Gary is only 5 kilometers (3.125 miles) wide and 16 kilometers (10 miles) long, but is rich in resources. There are large deposits of highly coveted rare-earth elements most commonly used in high-tech devices, namely smartphones. The island also boasts a sizable volume of freshwater resources. Additionally, there are large oil deposits just off the northern shore of the island, creating opportunities for potential deep sea drilling. Furthermore, its location in the central South China Sea offers major strategic possibilities in both national security and businesses by way of incredibly lucrative sea-routes.

Today, Gary is home to various fauna, insects, and bird species. Curiously enough, the endangered Spoon-Billed Sandpiper now nests on the island. Along the western shore is a large barrier reef, which is one of the only reefs globally to remain unaffected by coral bleaching. This reef has given life to an abundance of aquatic creatures, including the near extinct long-tailed thresher sharks. The eastern side is home to lush rainforests, including many waterfalls and sea cliffs. Similar to many islands in the region, the island only has two seasons: the rainy season and the dry season, with average temperature ranging from 25 degrees Celsius (77 degrees Fahrenheit) to 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit). There are no human inhabitants at this point.

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Gary features diverse landscapes and has a range of highly-coveted natural resources. It has freshwater resources, oil deposits, and rare earth minierals as well as being geostrategically located.

Image: Liu Xiu Fan

Short Brief

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• Teams will be randomly assigned a country or a stakeholder.

• Their job is to convince the viewers and judges how to deal withthe island. The best, most persuasive argument wins.

• Teams are free to creatively craft their arguments:

�

�

�

Some may argue that the island belongs solely to them.

Others may want a more multilateral approach, forming alliances with other countries to come up with a joint proposal.

Or there may be some who prefer a non-interventionist approach, opting to preserve the island as a nature reserve.

• Whatever route they choose, they will have to justify and make acompelling case to the audience.

• The freedom to creatively craft arguments/form alliances mustbe made clear.

Structure

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The goal is to propose the most compelling plan for the future

of the island through negotiation and alliance-building.

Delegates will be randomly assigned a state or stakeholder.

Each team will be given a packet containing background

information and goals specific to their group.

States and stakeholders may take any approach they see fit in

order to advance their agenda. Some potential strategies are:

• Multilateral approach, forming alliances with other states

• Non-interventionist approach, opting to preserve the

island as a nature reserve

At the end of the negotiation, each alliance of countries will

present their plan. They must justify the decision and make a

compelling case to the judges. Performance of stakeholder

groups will be evaluated by countries based on how effectively

they lobbied.

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1. Australia

2. Brunei Darussalam

3. China (The People’s Republic of)

4. Japan

5. Malaysia

6. The Philippines

7. Singapore

8. Việt Nam

A. Bananarama - a large agricultural multinational.

B. FlowerPeace - a non-governmental environmental organization.

C. Hulian - a major mobile and telecommunications manufacturer.

D. Leprechaun - the biggest e-commerce company in the world.

E. Petróla - oil and natural gas company.F. Southeast Asian Societies Alliance Team (SEA-SALT) - a multilateral Southeast Asian

intergovernmental organization.

G. Star light - the biggest aeronautical company in the world.H. Southeast Asian Marine Conservation Organization (SAMCO) - a regional

organization that promotes fisheries development.

I. Timber - the largest lumber producer in the world.J. United Nations Defender of the Displaced (UNDoDis) - the UN agency dedicated to

saving lives and protecting the rights of refugees and internally displaced persons.

K. United Nations Environmental Sustainability Commission (UNESC) - a UN agency that

works with governments, NGOs, and IGOs on environmental issues.

L. World Biodiversity Conservation (WBC) - a leading NGO in the field of biodiversity

The States

The Stakeholders

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There will be two sets of winners - one for countries and one for stakeholders.

All groups will be judged on the merits of their presentation by the on-site judges (see appendix for criteria).

In addition to their presentation, stakeholders will also receive a crowd-sourced score from the country groups, who will vote on their top three stakeholders.

This weighted score will reflect how well the stakeholders were able to influence the various countries.

Judging Criteria

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Background

• Add details based on in-depth research into thecountry’s position on similar conflicts or disputes.

• If details are sparse (especially true for countries fargeographically removed), develop a narrative based onwhat your chosen country would likely do should it beinvolved in this scenario. You may also choose toincorporate power and economic interests in yournarrative.

• Unlike the stakeholder narratives, avoid too muchdramatization to the country narratives. You are free toinsert some in the relationship chart below, however.

• Around 3 paragraphs is sufficient.

You are <insert country/stakeholder name>

Profile template

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Stakeholder Relationship status Relevant facts

Countries

e.g. Australia Choose from

Married

Add Friend

It’s complicated

Friends

Divorced

Base on facts and existing

diplomatic relationships.

For example, if creating a

simulation on the South

China Sea dispute, base

the it on real-life incidents

and positions. If there is

insufficient public record

on the country’s position,

create a narrative based on

trade, power, and mutual

interests.

Refer to other narratives

to maintain consistency

unless it is intentional.

Stakeholders

e.g. Petróla Choose from

MarriedAdd FriendIt’s complicatedFriendsDivorced

Relationship chart

Philippines Background

You areThe Philippines

Background

Fishing opportunities and the potential to extract oil and natural gas make the island an attractive proposition to the Philippines who base their claim on geographical proximity. Its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) covers part of the island, and thus allows it some legitimacy under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).

Among the many claimants in the South China Sea dispute, the Philippines has a major territorial dispute particularly with China. China has been accused of militarizing the area and developing artificial islands to boost their claims. China has also been forcibly removing Filipino fishermen out of the lucrative fishing grounds in the area.

In response, the Philippines brought a case against China before an Arbitral Tribunal set up under UNCLOS in 2013. In 2016, the tribunal ruled against China and stated that they had no historic rights to claim resources in the area and that while fishermen from both nations could fish at the shoal, China had no right to force the Filipinos out. While China is a signatory to the treaty, it refuses to accept the court’s authority. China rejected the ruling with their foreign minister stating, "Chinese people will not accept the result and all people around the world who uphold justice will not accept the result." It has instead attempted to woo the Philippines through bilateral deals. The Philippine leadership has been criticized of leveraging the arbitration decision to induce Chinese investment, loans and grants.

Sample country profile

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Group Relationship status Relevant facts

Countries

Australia and the Philippines have a long histo-ry of bilateral cooperation. They celebrated 70 years of diplomatic relations in 2016. Over 280 companies created more than 40,000 jobs in the Philippines, with an investment of about $500 million across various industries.

Full diplomatic relations between Brunei and the Philippines only started in 1984. The two countries recently signed an agreement on the development of the ‘halal’ foods industry. Brunei also financed the building of the largest mosque in the Philippines. The Philippines, however, is wary of Brunei’s increasingly warm relationship with China.

Relations between China and the Philippines have deteriorated in the past few years, as both are claimants in the South China Sea dispute. China rejected the 2016 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ruling that ruled in favour of the Philippines. Tensions are high, with the public perception of China largely negative in the Philippines. However, the two countries have strong trade relations and there is space for bilateral cooperation.

Malaysia supported the 2016 arbitration ruling that ruled in favour of the Philippines over China. They are strong trading partners and although once supportive of the rebels in Mindanao, Malaysia has recently been a key player in peacebuilding efforts.

Singapore and Philippines have had diplomatic relations for almost 50 years. Singapore is an active partner in disaster relief and airlifted supplies in the battle against Islamic State inMarawi.

FriendsAustralia

China (The It’s complicated People'sRepublic of)

FriendsMalaysia

FriendsBruneiDarussalam

Relationship chart

FriendsSingapore

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Group Relationship status Relevant facts

Countries

Stakeholders

Post-WWII relations have been largely cordial although there is some discontent on Japan’s refusal to apologize for brutal rapes of ‘comfort women’. Nevertheless, Japan has been a top donor to the Philippines, especially in disaster response.

Việt Nam supported the Hague’s 2016 ruling against China. Both countries are in favour of a multilateral approach in dealing with disputes in the South China Sea. However, Việt Nam has ambitions of its own and will likely attempt to claim the island for themselves.

A relationship sweeter than the ripest banana. I love you, you love me, and together we pro$per. It’s cheesy, I know, but I’m bananas for you.

A love-hate relationship. A viral video of an extremely polluted river outside of Manila severely damaged the tourism in the subse-quent years. FlowerPeace helped repair the image of a country and implemented more environmentally sustainable policies. Recently, FlowerPeace has heavily criticized the company, Bananarama, for its bad environmental practices. Bananarama is one of the largest sources of income for the Philippines, and the government is not happy.

The Philippines lays claim to a substantial deposit of rare earth metals. Except, unlike Japan, the Philippines has been selling their stock to the Chinese government and has no plans to ban Hulian smartphones. The government has no issue with Hulian, but they are very adversarial to the Chinese government over the ‘South

Bananarama Married

It’s complicatedJapan

It’s complicatedViệt Nam

FlowerPeace It’s complicated

Hulian It’s complicated

Philippines Relationship chart

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Group Relationship status Relevant facts

Stakeholders

China Sea’ issue. Hulian distribution is on thin ice and discussions of banning is in the works if China pushes even further.

Leprechaun recently opened its first customer service office in the Philippines, creating 300 jobs and aiming to add up to 1,000 by the end of the year. They have yet to enter the Philippine e-commerce market competitively but these two are on very good terms.

Operates multiple oil depots in the Philippines under its subsidiary, Pinoy Petróla. However, all is not rosy. The Bureau of Customs claimed over $129 million worth of unpaid excise taxes in 2010, stating that imported gasoline were bound by tariff charges. The Supreme Court overturned the case in September 2018, ruling that the government failed to use administrative remedies to resolve the problem and violated due process. The public reaction has been mixed, to say the least.

The Philippines is one of the largest fish producers in the world. Yet, the number of endangered and extinct aquatic species within its maritime territory is steadily increasing. Though SAMCO has made sustainable fishery training accessible to many of its main food producers, the problem is that the government refuses to crack down on illegal fishing.

Where would we be without the Philippines? The country has constantly placed the organization’s development as key to their own development. Maximizing the trade benefits offered by SEA-SALT, it has succeeded in soliciting numerous businesses and investment. The economy is soaring and not too far in the future, they may be running the show at SEA-SALT.

MarriedSEA-SALT

FriendsLeprechaun

It’s complicatedPetróla

Add friendSAMCO

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Philippines Relationship chart

Group Relationship status Relevant facts

Stakeholders

The Department of Science and Technology (DOST) has signed a partnership with the Russian space agency to launch Philippine satellites via Russian launchers. Given the geopolitics at hand, they will look at any partnership as very risky.

The Philippines is a timber-producing country that lacks technological innovations in the industry. This is an opportunity for Timber to gain concessions in return for capacity building and investment.

UNDoDis considers the Philippines a model in terms of a developing host country. The long tradition of accepting asylum seekers and those escaping persecution has earned them the nickname ‘Open Arms of Southeast Asia.’

The Philippines has consistently ignored many of the recommendations proposed by UNESC. After a recent video of an extremely polluted river outside of Manila went viral, the Filipino government has stated that it intends to clean up its act. However, the Philippines has yet to act on their word.

Relationship dates back to the early 1960's. Work together to protect diverse ecosystem, wildlife, marines and islands. Domestic brand awareness is at 98%.

MarriedWorld BiodiversityConservation

Add friendTimber

MarriedUNDoDis

It’s complicatedUNESC

Starflight It’s complicated

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Leprechaun Profile

You areLeprechaunYour mission, should you choose to accept it…Establish a presencein the growing Southeast Asiane-commerce marketAttitude“Wee man packs a strong punch”Negotiation Style: Opportunistic

Major jobs creator

Leprechaun employs over

0.5 millionpeople around the world.Hired over 100,000 people in the past 12 months.

UK US France Germany Japan China India Mexico Ireland

Leprechaun’s major markets

$130bnRevenues exceeding

One of the largest Internet retailers in the world

Leprechaun is one of the largest internet retailers in the world, with revenues exceeding $130 billion. Its major markets include the UK, US, France, Germany, Japan, China, India, Mexico, and - of course - Ireland. Colloquially referred to as the “wee man”, the company is a major jobs creator and employs over half a million people around the world.

Leprechaun’s attempts to enter new markets and build distribution centers and regional headquarters sends governments into a frenzy. States are known to fall over themselves to get noticed via tax breaks and other benefits. Leprechaun has hired over 100,000 people in the past 12 months and any foray into new markets would likely provide a big political boost to whichever government that can woo the wee man. At the same time, the wee man’s presence has led to opposition from local business conglomerates, who face a competitive disadvantage whenever Leprechaun enters the market.

Leaked documents allegedly show that Leprechaun plans to enter Southeast Asia, a region with vast e-commerce potential. E-commerce in the region onlyaccounts for less than 5% of all commerce but theregion is tipped to grow from $10 billion to $87.8billion by 2025. The SEA market is thus a very competi-tive one, with Chinese behemoth AliBaba alreadyhaving a strong foothold in the region.

Leprechaun has played a key role in delivering relief

Sample stakeholder profile

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to communities impacted by natural disasters. It is able to quickly establish an ad-hoc supply chain and was pivotal in sending relief items to Puerto Rico during Hurricane Maria. The wee man can easily fundraise and has allowed users to donate cash and in-kind gifts to UNICEF and Red Cross causes.

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Group Relationship status Relevant facts

Countries

Recently entered the Australian market, promising jobs and low prices. Has received severe criticism from local media due to appalling working conditions. Meanwhile, local retailers are facing the heat. Their share prices have dropped and they have pressured the Australian government to levy a 10% tax on all Leprechaun products. The wee man has responded by banning all imports from the US store. It’s still early, but the experience in Australia is 50-50.

No official presence in the country, although it will likely spill over should they manage to penetrate neighboring Malaysia or set up a distribution center in an island nearby.

Leprechaun does have an office in China and a website dedicated to Chinese users. The wee man is wary that China may favor local companies such as Alibaba and Tencent. There is precedent - China recently banned Leprechaun’s game streaming service, allowing local clones to fill the gap. Having said that, the relationship with China dates back to 2004 and remains largely harmonious. Leprechaun remains vigilant and takes nothing for granted.

Leprechaun recently opened its first customer service office early last year, creating 300 jobs and aiming to add up to 1,000 by the end of the year. Yet to launch enter the Philippine e-commerce market competitively butthese two are on very good terms.

It’s complicatedAustralia

It’s complicatedChina (The People's Republic of)

FriendsPhilippines

Add friendBrunei Darussalam

No official presence. Malaysians are hoping there will be spillover from Singapore, as tends to be the case.

Add FriendMalaysia

Relationship chart

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The wee man’s first foray into Southeast Asia. Leprechaun offers two-hour delivery and is looking to use Singapore as a starting point for its entry to the SEA market.

Việt Nam has a lucrative 100 million-dollar e-commerce market. Leprechaun has made an initial move, partnering with Việt Nam’s E-commerce Association to allow local merchants to import and export goods. Hasn’t entered the market yet, as Việt Nam still lags behind in internet penetration and logistical infrastructure.

Bananarama is a key supplier for the wee man’s rapidly-growing grocery-on-demand service. An existing partnership in North America already exists and any movement in SEA would require Bananarama’s support.

Leprechaun considers FlowerPeace to be an extremist environmental group. They have previously lambasted the “wee man,” giving Leprechaun an “F” in their environmental scorecard for failing to fully disclose data on energy, material and hazardous chemical use. It is unlikely they will ever partner up.

Hulian products are very popular onLeprechaun. They are a close partner and have a fully-featured storefront on the “weeman’s” website. Gal Gadot is a mutual friend,starring in an upcoming Leprechaun series aswell as being a brand ambassador for Hulian

Leprechaun needs oil and gas to power planes/trucks/ships! Clean energy in this region isn’t fully viable yet but pressure from UNESC might bring unwanted media

DivorcedFlowerPeace

MarriedSingapore

FriendsViệt Nam

Group Relationship status Relevant facts

Countries

MarriedHulian

It’s complicatedPetróla

Stakeholders

MarriedBananarama

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Leprechaun Relationship chart

Group Relationship status Relevant facts

Stakeholders

attention. Maybe the solution is to go fully green? Leprechaun wouldn’t hesitate to invest in their own clean power source although this might be difficult in a new region. Perhaps a partnership might with Petróla might help..

There has been no relationship with SAMCO because Leprechaun has yet to launch aproper distribution center that may affect fisheries in this region. However, if an island center is to be developed, their concernsshould definitely be brought on board.

The ASEAN Development Community (ADC) isgood news for Leprechaun if it is fully realized. The ADC eliminates tariffs and allows for the free flow of professionals in the region, whichis great news if the wee man wants to set upa regional centre and attract the best talent. No formal discussions have been held yet.

Starfight is reliant on Leprechaun’s cloud services for their data storage and operations.

Leprechaun is slowly diversifying to include furniture and home products. Timber would be a useful ally and help them take on the likes of IKEA. They really need to stop clearing forests though; wouldn’t want to be associated with a negative-press magnet.

Have worked with UNICEF and the Red Cross in disaster response. Fundraising and delivery of relief items is probably something Lepre-chaun could do for UNDoDis. Would be good for optics and PR. No partnership established though.

Leprechaun has been criticized for not pledging to reduce their use of plastic. The “wee man” is wary of avoiding UNESC, for the

FriendsTimber

Add friendSAMCO

Add friend(have stalked profile a fewtimes though)

SEA-SALT

FriendsStarflight

Add friendUNESC

Add friendUNDoDis

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Group Relationship status Relevant facts

Stakeholders

FriendsWorld Biodiversity Conservation

group has more sway than most and can bring unwanted attention. Leprechaun'senergy use is also under scrutiny. As mostprivate sector companies are moving towards sustainable solutions, it makes sense to forma partnership with an authoritative UN body.

Leprechaun is part of a clean-energy coalition that WBC advises. The “wee man” occasionally donates money from sales but this is largely for PR purposes. Leprechaun considers WBC a ‘friend’ as much as the boring guy you humour every now and then for his lecture notes. Nice guy, but you’ll only approach him if you get something out of it.

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Leprechaun Background Information

OrganizationalMission

A place where people can find and discover anything they want to buy online

Key WorkingAreas

E-commerce, cloud computing

One of the biggest online retailers in the world with holdings in a wide range of industries. Their financial reserves allow them to easily acquire companies and disrupt industries. They have automation, customer data, and customer confidence on their side. Their main rival is the China-based Ali Baba Group.

Criticism Has yet to give sufficient regard to the environment Working conditions are appalling They can easily knock share values off with simple statements and speculation, such is their ‘brand power’. Destroying local retail companies

History

Background Information

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1. Teams will need to persuade the judges and audience.

• Effective persuasion to both judges and audience needs to be considered

• Source credibility (someone will need to communicate this) -significant number of high quality sources to support the group’s proposal is desirable, greater weighting is placed on quality over quantity

• Organization of content - Specifically arguments and relevance to peace/ resolving disputes

• The extent at which the state/stakeholder is able to consider/find solutions for other viewpoints whilst still being able to advocate their own (research evidence will be relevant)

Source: http://www.businessmanagementideas.com/communication/top-3-factors-of-persuasive-communication-model/3090

2. The most persuasive argument and persuasive plan will win

What constitutes something to be persuasive?

• Presentation skills• Ability to convey ideas clearly in writing (i.e. organised and articulate)• Evidence-based research and creativity (can be both through writing

and presentation

Source: http://www.businessmanagementideas.com/communication/top-3-factors-of-persuasive-communication-model/3090

3. Approaches can be multilateral or non interventionist

4. The ability to consider state/stakeholder briefs when forming theirapproach to resolving the dispute

Grading Criteria

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Rubric

Presentation Skills

Oral CommunicationFor each category, choose

from:

Excellent (5)

Very Good (4)

Good (3)

Satisfactory (2)

Needs Improvement (1)

Visual Presentation

The Approach Detail/depth of the approach

DiplomacyConsideration of other

stakeholder and country views in approach

Dear …

We are pleased that you will take part in ... on ….

Our workshop scenario goes as follows: ...

In this competition you will be representing … (include link to narrative). Please familiarize yourself with your group narrative to become a master negotiator on the day of the event. Your role as ... is to network with other stakeholders and countries. To prepare, you are encouraged to meet with the other participants within your group before the day of the event. You have the option of either joining alliances or making enemies, either for the interests of your organization or for the benefit of the world - how you play is up to you!

In this challenge you will:Test your skills in diplomatic negotiation for peacebuilding. Provide compelling reasons for your group’s decision making. Learn about international disputes within a UN setting.

Winners will be selected by…

DISCLAIMER: This is a work of fiction. Any names or characters, businesses or places, events or incidents, are fictitious. Any resemblance to actual persons, living or dead, or actual events is purely coincidental.

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Appendix A - Email to participants

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1. Intro (5 mins max)2. Event brief (3 mins)

a) Introduce judges3. Team discussion (15 mins)4. Informal lobbying (15 mins)5. Negotiations (30 mins)6. Country presentations (30 mins)7. Judging tasks in parallel (10 minutes)

a) Judges would like to double-check their overall rankingsprior to the surprise popular vote

b) Gather stakeholder votes from country teams; Set up quizon menti.com

8. Popular vote between top 2 countries (5 mins via mentimeter.com) *surpriseAnnounce that winners will be revealed at the closing ceremony

9. Present tokens of appreciation to judges onstage - group photos(5 minutes)

10. Awards + Photos (15 minutes)

Appendix B - Logistics example

Participants and staff

Participants: 320Teams: 20 (8 countries, 12 stakeholders, 16 people/team)Staff: 10 + 3 judgesPresenter-cum-Director of Operations / Videographer / Photographer / Three floor managers / Two crowd control / Technical Assistant / Assistant to the Judges

Schedule

Peacebuilding Handbook

Your Guide to Negotiation, Dispute Management and Facilitating Peaceful Outcomes

Effective Negotiation

1. Main conflict parties (states and stakeholders) must be open to negotiating a dispute2. A mediator facilitating the negotiation between conflict parties is credible, well-accepted and

supported in the international community3. General consensus (i.e. individuals, groups and organisations) at the regional and

international levels are supporting conflict parties’ initiative to resolve the dispute

Source: United Nations Guidance for Effective Mediation, UN Department of Political Affairs (2012)

Community Profiles (Conflict, Peace and Stakeholder)

Purpose : Works as a framework that will allow you to engage with other states and stakeholder communities effectively as you better understand the various conflict and peace-based initiatives that affect them. This will assist in identifying the needs and issues of the other party and relevant strategies to address them whilst advancing one’s own interests. Which allows for effective negotiation and dispute management.

What are Profiles? Profiles are tools that help to see the context at which the peacebuilding project operates in. They are categorised under the Political, Economic, Sociocultural, Security and Regional-International lenses.

Conflict Profile To gain insight of historical tensions in the community, its’ causes and factors that fuel them.

Peace Profile To understand the factors that help to sustain peace, reduce violence incidents and prevent outbreak of a violent conflict.

Stakeholder Profile To better understand actual and possible motivations of different stakeholders in the dispute.

Source: Peace and Conflict Impact Assessment (PCIA) Handbook, Version 4, Peacebuilding Centre (2013)

Appendix C - Peacebuildling handbook

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34

Negotiation Fundamentals

● Preparedness: Having a competent negotiator who has planned for effective strategiesbacked by evidence-based research and consideration of other perspectives is key.

● Consent: Requires consent of all conflict parties involved to be effective and ensurecommitment. Factors that may affect consent are political, psychology and externalplayers to the state or stakeholder.

● Impartiality: The negotiating process should not be perceived as biased. Balancebetween conflict party’s perspectives is important to ensure fairness.

● Inclusivity: The negotiation factors the root causes of conflict and ensures all sectors ofpopulation (including minority groups) is addressed.

● National Ownership: Beyond the negotiations between higher power, various parties (ata local, regional or national level) involved with the state or stakeholder are there tosupport and implement the peace agreement.

● International Law and Normative Frameworks: Ensure that negotiation operates withininternational law and normative frameworks to legitimise the peace agreement.

● Coherence, Coordination and Complementarity of the Mediation Effort: Peaceagreement is coordinated amongst regional and international institutions to ensuresustainability.

● Quality Peace Agreements: Agreement should prevent re-opening peace negotiations byending violence, respecting international human rights and refugee laws achievingongoing justice, security and reconciliation amongst conflict parties.

Source: United Nations Guidance for Effective Mediation, UN Department of Political Affairs (2012)

Seven-step guide: Conducting conflict analysis

Purpose: Assess the nature of the conflict to address it and sustainably prevent future conflicts

1. Information Validation – Gain feedback for the findings that have been obtained throughprimary and secondary research before going onto any further analysis

2. Situation Analysis - Understanding the conflict, particularly an introduction to current anddeveloping context in different conflict focus areas

3. Factor Assessment – Conflict and peace factors associated with deeper issues that areembedded in the peace and conflict dynamics

4. Stakeholder Analysis – Identify and analyse key actors that influence or are influencedby conflict and how they interrelate and reinforce opportunities for peace or reduceconflict

5. Conflict dynamics – Provide insights in the relationship between situation, factor andstakeholder analyses and providing multi-dimensional understanding of major processeswithin the conflict or context

6. Scenario building – Helps identify possible conflict trends in order to better foreseepossible conflict developments or paths over time to take appropriate responses

7. Reporting – Develop the final reporting with relevant analyses and audiences involved.These elements would be found in the content and report’s structure

Source: Conducting a Conflict and Development Analysis, UN Development Group (2016)

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Additional Resources

Peace and Conflict Impact Assessment (PCIA) Handbook, version 4, 2013. - The aim of this Handbook is to facilitate the design of conflict-sensitive approaches to

fragile communities. It has been used by peacebuilding practitioners in the field, andcontinues to be redefined as a result of new lessons learned in the field.

Conducting a Conflict and Development Analysis - UNDP, 2016 - A tool that assists with analysing a specific context and developing strategies for

reducing or eliminating the impact and consequences of violent conflict. The CDA hasbeen developed as a versatile tool for UN staff and facilitates a deeper understanding ofconflict drivers, stakeholders, the key dynamics of the conflict, and the engines of peace.

Natural Resources and Conflict: A Guide for Mediation Practitioners - UNEP, published on ReliefWeb 2015

- Drawing on decades of experience in the field of mediation of natural resource conflicts,the Guide provides best practices and strategies for mediating different types of resourceconflicts. This Guide can be used by diverse stakeholders and natural resourcemanagement experts considering a mediated solution to a resource dispute, rangingfrom governments and companies to communities and non-governmental organisations.

ReliefWeb Updates - Climate Change and Environment

ReliefWeb Updates - Peacekeeping and Peacebuilding

ReliefWeb Topics - Environment and Humanitarian Action

ReliefWeb Topics - Private Sector Engagement

ReliefWeb Topics - NGOs

Stakeholder chart template

Your profile

ACTIONS

What are the easily identifiable outcomes of the actions by each stakeholder to promote their interests?

POSITION/INTERESTS

What is the official/public position of the stakeholder? What interests do they make public and what are their private interests?

STRENGTHS

Eg. military power, economic strength, public support

WEAKNESSES

Eg. growing public dissatisfaction, international pressure

Stakeholder

Other stakeholders

e.g.Australia

e.g.China

e.g.Petrola

e.g.UNESC

Appendix D - Stakeholder chart template

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EXAMPLE STAKEHOLDER MATRIX

ACTIONS POSITION/ INTERESTS

STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES

NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS

Employ military force and call upon alliances with other state leaders to ensure that their best interests are protected.

Wish to maintain the political status quo, and build profitable and sustainable relationships with other actors. Increase their reach and influence in international decisions.

Access and control over military and natural resources to finance power and generate income. Support of financial and other powerful political elites.

Have national and international obligations that cannot be negated for self-interest. Growing public dissatisfaction and international pressure.

UN ORGANIZATIONS

Can use political pressure to ensure that state powers uphold their international responsibilities and promises.

To ensure that states are acting within international law and to operate with the government with equal profitability.

Has an international platform to enforce agenda. Large financial resources and legal authority.

Because of international platform, need to act within strict guidelines and protect the interests of its supporting states.

NGOs Protesting in public spaces to raise public awareness and apply pressure to state and private actors. Stage marches, hold campaigns and rally public support.

Challenge the status quo and give voice to minority/disadvantaged groups.

Funded by influential elites and public donations, can act independently from political and state actors.

Can be influenced by powerful donors. Lack of legitimacy among populace.

PRIVATE COMPANIES

Seek out alliances with other private companies. Organise public initiatives with governmental and non-governmental actors for good publicity.

To increase profit margins and ensure a sustainable trajectory for the company. Ensure that the company has a recognized and respected international reputation.

Significant financial power and the support of powerful elites and similar actors/allies.

Have a lot to lose and can be overshadowed by larger and more wealthy private companies. Lack of legitimacy in moral authority.

* From the PCIA Handbook v4, 2013, published on ReliefWeb.

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