PDHPE Coordinator – M. Physical Ed, B.Sec Ed Human Movt & … · 4. ICT – develop a slide show or photo story that recognises all major injuries or medical conditions that can

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

BLURB: Home can be a potentially dangerous place. A vast number of accidents resulting in injury occur in and around the home. For this reason, it makes a lot of sense to ensure that as many occupants of a household as possible have some basic skills in first aid. This program provides a rundown of the main types of injuries that occur in the home and how they should be treated. It includes what to do in an emergency, an outline and demonstration of the DRABCD procedure, dealing with burns, scalds and electrocution, cuts, laceration and bleeding, poisoning and overdose, asthma, allergies and anaphylaxis, and heart attack, stroke, diabetes and epilepsy. It provides clear verbal and visual information, portraying various scenarios within a home where immediate first aid intervention is required, and demonstrating the correct ways to administer relevant procedures. This program is an ideal learning resource for those studying first aid at an introductory level.

Duration of resource: 25 Minutes

Year of Production: 2013

Stock code: VEA12045

Resource written by:

Megan Bertenshaw PDHPE Coordinator – M.

Physical Ed, B.Sec Ed Human Movt & Health

First Aid Emergencies: Home

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© VEA Group Pty Ltd 2013 Reproducing these support notes

You may download and print one copy of these support notes from our website or ClickView for your reference. Further copying or printing must be reported to CAL as per the Copyright Act 1968.

For Teachers

Introduction This program focuses on developing an understanding of how to manage a range of emergency first aid situations that may occur in the home. The aim is to provide a practical approach to address current first aid procedures and practices that can be used by anyone who may find themselves as the primary first aider in a household emergency. This resource is divided into a number of segments that cover a range of topics including 1. DRSABCD, 2. Burns, scalds & electrocution, 3. Cuts, lacerations & bleeding, 4. Poisoning & overdose, 5. Asthma, allergies & anaphylaxis, 6. Medical conditions: heart attack, stroke, diabetic shock & epilepsy. Key concepts such as hazards, signs and symptoms, assessment and management are all explored using specific examples and demonstrations from around the home. The program features Claire Lobb an emergency specialist who provides clear and simple guidelines on how to manage a variety of injuries and serious medical conditions that can occur around the home. Information is also given about contacting emergency services and CPR techniques.

Timeline 00:00:00 What to do in an emergency 00:04:19 Burns, scalds, electrocution 00:08:21 Cuts, lacerations, bleeding 00:11:40 Poisoning and overdose 00:15:37 Asthma, allergies and anaphylaxis 00:19:54 Medical conditions: heart attack, stroke, diabetic shock, epilepsy 00:24:41 Credits 00:25:28 End program

CPR Timeline 00:00:00 – 00:01:10 Bonus clips - CPR

Hands Only CPR Timeline 00:00:00 – 00:01:00 Bonus clips – Hands Only CPR

Related Titles First Aid Emergencies: Community

Recommended Resources http://library.thinkquest.org/10624/1staid.html http://www.healthinsite.gov.au/topics/First_Aid http://www.stjohn.org.au/ http://www.asthmafoundation.org.au/About_Asthma/Asthma_First_Aid.aspx


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Student Worksheet

Initiate Prior Learning 1. As a class brainstorm a list of the injuries or medical emergencies that you have had, have seen or

think you might receive at home. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Recall one major injury or medical emergency that you have had or seen at home, write down the

steps that were taken in first aid. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Describe how you know if someone has seriously injured themselves. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________


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4. In pairs, research one type of injury or medical condition that could occur at home. Describe the injury

or medical condition and how it is managed. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Research the DRSABCD procedure. Provide a summary and flow chart of this procedure. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________


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Active Viewing Guide What to do in an emergency 1. Fill in the words that match the acronym

D_____________________

R_____________________

S_____________________

A_____________________

B_____________________

C_____________________

D_____________________ 2. Identify the two emergency numbers that you can use to call for help, and identify when you would use

them. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Burns, scalds, electrocution 3. Identify the various ways that you can get a burn injury. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Identify how the severity of a burn is determined. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________


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5. Drawing a line from the burn type to the matching description.

Type of Burn Description

Superficial burns (1

st Degree)

Burns are generally red, blistered or

weeping, and there is considerable pain at the site of the burn.

Partial thickness (2

nd Degree)

Occur when all layers of the skin have been damaged. The skin appears to be pale, waxy and charred, and is generally pain

free.

Deep burns (3

rd Degree)

Are those where the outer layers of the skin are damaged. The skin is red and may be

painful.

6. Complete the summary below identifying what to do if someone is electrocuted.

Injury / Medical Condition

Signs & Symptoms Management

Electrocution

• Unconsciousness

• Irregular heart beat

• Heart may have stopped

• Electrical wires showing

• May be visible electrical burns


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Cuts, lacerations, bleeding 7. Complete the summary below identifying what to do if someone is bleeding severely.



Major Bleeding

• feeling faint or dizzy

• feeling restless

• feeling nauseous

• being thirsty

• having a weak and rapid pulse

• skin being cold and clammy

• being sweaty

• progressively losing consciousness

8. Describe the following skin injuries and provide an example of each. (3 line each)

a) Lacerations: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________

b) Abrasions: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________


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c) Cut (incision):

____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________

d) Puncture (penetration): ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 9. What does the acronym PER stand for in relation to bleeding? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________


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Poisoning and overdoses 10. Complete the summary below identifying what symptoms and signs to look for if you suspect someone

has been poisoned.



Poisoning

If the person is unconscious:

• DRSABDC

• Seek urgent medical attention If the substance is unknown:

• DRSABDC

• Do not induce vomiting

• Seek urgent medical attention If the substance is corrosive (such as acids):

• DRSABDC


• Give milk or water

• Seek urgent medical attention If the substance is Medicinal:

• DRSABDC


• Seek urgent medical attention If the substance inhaled is poison:

• Move yourself and the casualty to fresh air

• Loosen tight clothing

• Oxygen therapy If the substance absorbed is poison:

• Protect yourself by using gloves, goggles and protective clothing

• Remove contaminated clothing carefully to avoid any further skin contact

• Flush the skin with running water If the substance ingested is poison:

• Do not induce vomiting or give the casualty anything to eat or drink.

• Wash corrosive substance off mouth and face with water, or wipe off


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11. From which organisation should you seek advice for poisoning? ____________________________________________________________________________________ Asthma, allergies anaphylaxis 12. Complete the following summary.



Asthma

• Tightness in chest

• Sweating

• Paleness

• Fast, shallow breathing

• Hunched body position

• Excessive throat clearing

• Laboured breathing

• Difficulty in exhalation

• Increase in pulse rate

• Wheezing noises

• Blue around lips, ear lobes, finger tips

• Coughing

Anaphylaxis

DRSABCD, and call ‘000’

• If the casualty is carrying an EpiPen for the allergy, it should be used at once

• Keep casualty in lying or sitting position and observe and record their pulse and breathing

• If casualty is conscious, help them sit in a position that assists their breathing

• If casualty is unconscious, check for signs of life and prepare to give CPR if necessary


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Medical conditions: heart attack, stroke, diabetic shock, epilepsy 13. Complete the following summary.



Heart Attack

• DRSABDC

• Seek urgent medical attention

• Loosen restrictive clothing

• Monitor patient

Stroke

• DRSABDC


• Monitor their condition

• Place in recovery position

Diabetes – hypoglycemia

• Rapid pulse

• Profuse sweating

• Trembling

• Hunger

• Aggression

• Dizziness

• Tingling around mouth and lips

• Feeling tired and weak

• Headache

Epilepsy

• Spasms

• Rigid body

• Tightened jaw

• Some mouth frothing

• Possible loss of bladder control

• Loss of consciousness or tiredness afterwards


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14. Identify the causes of a hypoglycemic (low blood glucose) attack ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 15. Identify the cause of a hyperglycemic (high blood glucose) attack: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________


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Extension Activities 1. Practical activity - You will be given an injury or medical condition. In groups of 2-3 you will have to

manage the injury or medical condition as if you were the first responder in an emergency situation. You will present it to the class.

2. You will be given a type of injury or medical condition. You are to research the injury or medical

condition and design a pamphlet showing a description, signs and symptoms, management / first aid. 3. Practical activity - On a mannequin practice the DRSABC regime. 4. ICT – develop a slide show or photo story that recognises all major injuries or medical conditions that

can occur around the home and the first aid procedures used to treat them. 5. Design a collage showing all the major injuries and medical conditions that can occur around the home

and preventative actions that can be taken.


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Suggested Student Responses

Initiate Prior Learning 1. As a class brainstorm a list of the injuries or medical emergencies that you have had, have seen or

think you might receive at home. Answers will vary

2. Recall one major injury or medical emergency that you have had or seen at home, write down the

steps that were taken in first aid. Answers will vary

3. Describe how you know if someone has seriously injured themselves.

Severe pain, unconscious, severe bleeding, not breathing, no pulse

4. In pairs, research one type of injury or medical condition that could occur at home. Describe the injury

or medical condition and how it is managed. Answers will vary

5. Research the DRSABCD procedure. Provide a summary and flow chart of this procedure.

D Danger? ��

R Responsive? ��

S Send for help? ��

A Airway clear? ��

B Breathing normal? ��

C CPR needed? ��

D Defibrillator needed?

Pictures should be added, along with the appropriate emergency contact numbers.


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Active Viewing Guide What to do in an emergency 1. Fill in the words that match the acronym

D Danger R Response S Send for Help A Airways B Breathing C CPR / Compressions D Defibrillator

2. Identify the two emergency numbers that you can use to call for help and identify when you would use

them. 000 (Aus), 111 (New Zealand) Landline. You know your location. 112 – Mobile. Enables emergency service to locate you via GPS signal

Burns, scalds, electrocution 3. Identify the various ways that you can get a burn injury

Extreme cold Heat Chemicals Corrosive substances Electricity Friction Radiation (sunburn).

4. Identify how the severity of a burn is determined

The extent of the burn The surface area damaged Which parts of the body are damaged? The depth of the burn The age and condition of the casualty Other associated injuries the casualty may have.


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5. Drawing a line from the burn type to the matching description.

Type of Burn Description

Superficial burns (1

st Degree)

Burns are generally red, blistered or weeping, and there is considerable pain at

the site of the burn.

Partial thickness (2

nd Degree)

Occur when all layers of the skin have been damaged. The skin appears to be pale, waxy and charred, and is generally pain

free.

Deep burns (3

rd Degree)

Are those where the outer layers of the skin are damaged. The skin is red and may be

painful.

6. Complete the summary below identifying what to do if someone is electrocuted.



Electrocution

• Unconsciousness

• Irregular heart beat

• Heart may have stopped

• Electrical wires showing

• May be visible electrical burns

• DRSABCD

• Cool burnt area under running water


Cuts, lacerations, bleeding 7. Complete the summary below identifying what to do if someone is bleeding severely.



Major Bleeding

• feeling faint or dizzy

• feeling restless

• feeling nauseous

• being thirsty

• having a weak and rapid pulse

• skin being cold and clammy

• being sweaty

• progressively losing consciousness

• Follow the DRSABCD in the first instance

• Lay the casualty down and remove or cut clothing to expose the wound

• Apply direct pressure to the wound by using a sterile dressing or pad if available (use gloves if available to avoid infection

• If bleeding continues through dressing, do not remove it, add another dressing

• When bleeding stops, firmly bandage the dressing pad to hold it firmly

• Raise and rest injured part where possible

• Call or refer for medical advice

• Staying with casualty and watch for any signs of shock or unconsciousness


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8. Describe the following skin injuries and provide an example of each. (3 line each)

a) Lacerations: Tearing of the skin. Generally the result of something like a piece of wire or animal claw tearing the skin and underlying tissue.

b) Abrasions:

A shallow tearing or grating of the outer layer of skin exposing underlying blood vessels; generally the result of a fall on a hard surface like concrete

c) Cut (incision):

A cutting of skin, tissues or muscles. Can be the result of a piece of glass or knife blade

d) Puncture (penetration): A deep penetration of the tissue. Can be caused by a blunt or pointed object.

9. What does the acronym PER stand for in relation to bleeding?

Pressure Elevation Rest


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Poisoning and overdoses 10. Complete the summary below identifying what symptoms and signs to look for if you suspect someone

has been poisoned.



Poisoning

• Headache

• Blurred vision

• Vomiting

• Breathing difficulty

• Drowsiness

• Abdominal pain

• Tight chest

• Breath smells of fumes or other odours

• Possible change in skin colour

• Nausea

If the person is unconscious:

• DRSABDC

• Seek urgent medical attention If the substance is unknown:

• DRSABDC


• Seek urgent medical attention If the substance is corrosive (such as acids):

• DRSABDC


• Give milk or water

• Seek urgent medical attention If the substance is Medicinal:

• DRSABDC


• Seek urgent medical attention If the substance inhaled is poison:

• Move yourself and the casualty to fresh air

• Loosen tight clothing

• Oxygen therapy If the substance absorbed is poison:

• Protect yourself by using gloves, goggles and protective clothing

• Remove contaminated clothing carefully to avoid any further skin contact

• Flush the skin with running water If the substance ingested is poison:

• Do not induce vomiting or give the casualty anything to eat or drink.

• Wash corrosive substance off mouth and face with water, or wipe off


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11. From which organisation should you seek advice for poisoning?

Poisons information centre in your area. Asthma, allergies anaphylaxis 12. Complete the following summary.



Asthma


• Sweating

• Paleness

• Fast, shallow breathing

• Hunched body position

• Excessive throat clearing

• Laboured breathing

• Difficulty in exhalation

• Increase in pulse rate

• Wheezing noises

• Blue around lips, ear lobes, finger tips

• Coughing

• Reassure the person

• Assist with medication (4 puffs of inhaler every four minutes)

• Monitor breathing

• Provide water for them to drink

• Encourage controlled breathing and relaxation

• Seek medical help if their condition deteriorates or doesn’t improve

Anaphylaxis

• There will be swelling and redness of the casualty’s skin, itchy raised rash (like hives or welts)

• Swelling of the throat, face, tongue or lips

• Wheezing and/or coughing

• Rapid irregular pulse


• Headache

• Vomiting and diarrhoea

• Dizziness or unconsciousness

• Abdominal pains

• Tingling sensation

DRSABCD, and call ‘000’

• If the casualty is carrying an EpiPen for the allergy, it should be used at once

• Keep casualty in lying or sitting position and observe and record their pulse and breathing

• If casualty is conscious, help them sit in a position that assists their breathing

• If casualty is unconscious, check for signs of life and prepare to give CPR if necessary


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Medical conditions: heart attack, stroke, diabetic shock, epilepsy 13. Complete the following summary.



Heart Attack

• Discomfort in the middle of the chest

• Possible pain in the arm and neck

• Irregular pulse

• Shortness of breath

• Anxious

• Skin may be cold, clammy or sweaty

• DRSABDC


• Loosen restrictive clothing

• Monitor patient

Stroke

• Slurred speech

• Blurred vision

• Pupils may be irregular in size

• Loss of movement in face or one side of the body

• DRSABDC



• Place in recovery position

Diabetes – hypoglycemia

• Rapid pulse

• Profuse sweating

• Trembling

• Hunger

• Aggression

• Dizziness

• Tingling around mouth and lips

• Feeling tired and weak

• Headache

• Do not attempt to give glucose drink to an unconscious patient

• If conscious, administer glucose and drink as required (e.g. 5 jelly beans or sugar drink)

• After this, offer carbohydrate type food (e.g. sandwich or fruit)

• If the sufferer becomes unconscious call emergency number and start DRSABCD

Epilepsy

• Spasms

• Rigid body

• Tightened jaw

• Some mouth frothing

• Possible loss of bladder control

• Loss of consciousness or tiredness afterwards

• DRSABDC

• Remove dangerous objects

• Ensure that the airway is fully open and that the patient is breathing

• Check pulse

• Seek medical help



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14. Identify the causes of a hypoglycemic (low blood glucose) attack

Skipping or delaying meals and snacks Not eating enough carbohydrate (starchy) food Too much insulin or tablets Drinking alcohol without food Extra physical activity without eating extra food.

15. Identify the cause of a hyperglycemic (high blood glucose) attack:

Sickness Infection Stress Too much carbohydrate food at once Not enough insulin or diabetes tablets Other tablets or medicines, such as cortisone.


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Extension Activities 1. Practical activity - You will be given an injury or medical condition. In groups of 2-3 you will have to

manage the injury or medical condition as if you were the first responder in an emergency situation. You will present it to the class. Demonstrations will vary but should cover appropriate first aid care for the injury or medical condition.

2. You will be given a type of injury or medical condition. You are to research the injury or medical

condition and design a pamphlet showing a description, signs and symptoms, management / first. Answers will vary

3. Practical activity - On a mannequin practice the DRSABC regime.

N/A 4. ICT – develop a slide show or photo story that recognises all major injuries or medical conditions that

can occur around the home and the first aid procedures used to treat them. Answers will vary

5. Design a collage showing all the major injuries and medical conditions that can occur around the home

and preventative actions that can be taken. Answers will vary

Documents

PDHPE Coordinator – M. Physical Ed, B.Sec Ed Human Movt & … · 4. ICT – develop a slide show or photo story that recognises all major injuries or medical conditions that can