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F I V E P O N D S P R E S S
Introduction toHistory and
Social Science
I
The Complete
Virginia Curriculum
R E P R O D U C I B L E S
All reproducibles are ©2015, Five Ponds Press. All Rights Reserved.
SOLHOME
CONNECTION
Help Your Child PrepareAnswers can be found in SOLs listed on the reverse.• How can an individual thoughtfully and effectively participate in civic life?• What roles do political parties play in the American political process?• How are the two major political parties similar, and how do they differ?• How do third parties differ from the two major parties?• How do citizens make informed choices in elections?• How do the media play a role in the political process?• How has the high cost of getting elected changed campaigning for public office?• What are the qualifications for voter registration in Virginia?• What factors influence voter registration and turnout?• How does the Electoral College select the president and vice president of the United States?• How can students under 18 participate in the democratic process?
DinnerDiscussions
Tie what your child is learning in school to yourown life.. Help make the learning more meaningfulby emphasizing with your child how voting is abasic responsibility of citizenship.• Brainstorm reasons, such as age, income, oreducation levels, why people may or may not vote.• Explain that in order to vote, citizens mustregister. Share with your child the qualifications toregister to vote in Virginia.• Explain the process of how to register to vote.Visit the local registrar’s office, Division of MotorVehicles, or other designated site. Together, analyzethe voter registration application.• Share your Voter Registration card with yourchild. If you do not have one, get one!
What’s InChapter Three?Explore the political process atthe local, state, and national levels of government!Your child will learn about political parties,campaigning, the role of the Electoral College, andvoter participation. He or she will also gain insights intoways individuals can participate in civic life.
Enhancing the LearningOur government is in action all around us!Watch thenational and local news or read the newspaper withyour child. Discuss the activities of political parties incurrent events. Compare and contrast the two majorpolitical parties in the American political process. Pointout any third party activity, if applicable. Discuss howthe media play an important role in the election processand how citizens can make informed choices during thepolitical process.
The
CIV ICS & ECONOMICS
REPRODUCIBLE 23
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CE.4 a, b, c, d, e, f, gPersonal traits of good citizens• Trustworthiness and honesty• Courtesy and respect for the rights of others• Responsibility, accountability, and self-reliance• Respect for the law• Patriotism• Participation in the school and/or local community• Participation in elections as an informed voter
Effective participation in civic life can include• formulating questions• analyzing information from a variety of sources• expressing a position• devising and implementing a plan• practicing thoughtful decision making in personal,financial, and civic matters (e.g., voting, civic issues)
CE.5 aFunctions of political parties• Recruiting and nominating candidates• Educating the electorate about campaign issues• Helping candidates win elections• Monitoring actions of officeholders
CE.5 bSimilarities between parties• Organize to win elections• Influence public policies• Reflect both liberal and conservative views• Define themselves in a way that wins majoritysupport by appealing to the political center
Differences between parties• Stated in party platforms and reflected in campaigning
Third parties• Introduce new ideas and/or press for a particular issue• Often revolve around a political personality(e.g., Theodore Roosevelt)
CE.5 cStrategies for evaluating campaign speeches,literature, and ads for accuracy• Separating fact from opinion• Detecting bias• Evaluating sources• Identifying propaganda
Mass media roles in elections• Identifying candidates• Emphasizing selected issues• Writing editorials, creating political cartoons,publishing op-ed pieces• Broadcasting different points of view
CE.5 dRising campaign costs• require candidates to conduct extensive fund-raisingactivities
• limit opportunities to run for public office• give an advantage to wealthy individuals who run for office• encourage the development of political action committees(PACs)• give issue-oriented special interest groups increasedinfluence.
Campaign finance reform• Rising campaign costs have led to efforts to reform campaignfinance laws.• Limits have been placed on the amount individuals maycontribute to political candidates and campaigns
CE.5 eOnly citizens who register may participate in primary andgeneral elections.Qualifications to register to vote in Virginia• Citizen of the United States• Resident of Virginia and precinct• At least 18 years of age by day of general election
How to register to vote in Virginia• In person at the registrar’s office, at the Division of MotorVehicles, or at other designated sites• By mail-in application• Register OnlineVoter registration is closed 22 days before elections.
Factors in predicting which citizens will vote• Education• Age• Income
Reasons why citizens fail to vote• Lack of interest• Failure to registerThe percentage of voters who participate in presidentialelections is usually greater than the percentage of voters whoparticipate in state and local elections.Every vote is important.
CE.5 fElectoral College process• A slate of electors for each state is chosen by popular vote.• Most states have a winner-take-all system.• The electors meet to vote for president and vice president.The winner-take-all system leads to the targeting of denselypopulated states for campaigning, although candidates mustpay attention to less populated states whose electoral votes maymake the difference in tight elections.
The number of electors of each state is based on the size of thestate’s Congressional representation, which is based on thestate’s population.
The requirement for a majority vote to win in the ElectoralCollege favors a two-party system.
CE.5 gStudent participation in the democratic process can include• participating in campaigns• participating in classroom and online simulations
Chapter 3Essential Knowledge
REPRODUCIBLE 24
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What’s My Plan? N A M E
My plan to ___________________________________________________________________________________
What questions did Miss Moore have aboutimplementing her proposal? How did Dr.Bostwick and the other librarians feel about it?_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
What questions do I have about implementingmy proposal? How do others feel about it?_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
Where can I find information to educate myselfabout my proposal?What sources can I use?_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
Now that I have gathered information, what ismy opinion on my proposal? How will Iexpress my opinion?_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
What is my plan to put my proposal in action?_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
Where did Miss Moore find information toeducate herself about her proposal? What sourcesdid she use?_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
After she gathered information, what was heropinion on her proposal? How did she expressher opinion to the other librarians?_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
Besides putting pledges in the books, what weresome other details of her plan to put her proposalinto action?_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
ANALYZE: What do Miss Moore’s plan and my plan have in common?
EVALUATE: Which plan will benefit the community more? Explain.
Miss Moore’s plan to promote children’sbooks and start a children’s library
REPRODUCIBLE 25
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N A M EPolitical PartiesREPRODUCIBLE 26
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Directions: Read each example below. Decide which function of political parties is described.Write the corresponding function number on each line.
____ The election is a year away. We must create committees to select who can best represent our party’s views.
____ Our party can arrange a meet-and-greet with the local press to show voters where we stand on campaign issues.
____ Our work doesn’t end after an election. Even though our party did not win, we still need to watch those inoffice and notify the public of any wrongdoings.
____ The cost of a TV ad is $10,000 but our party’s money is well spent this way as we approach this election.We will do more fund-raising if that is what it takes to support our candidate.
____ Voters want to know! Members of our party will distribute flyers, pamphlets, buttons and stickers.They can even use public media to reach voters.
____ After our party’s candidates are known, we need to attract as many voters as possible. Members of ourparty can show their support by placing a campaign poster in their yard.
____All those in favor of Mr. Smith to represent our party, raise your hand.
____ We won the election! Now we will work diligently to succeed in office in hopes of being reelected in the future.
Directions: Respond to each question below in complete sentences.
1. Rate the four main functions of political parties on a scale of 1-4 with 1 being the most important function.____Recruiting and nominating candidates____Educating the electorate about campaign issues____Helping candidates win elections____Monitoring actions of officeholdersExplain your reasoning. __________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
2. How would the political process be different without political parties?______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
There are many political parties in America, but the two largest have a lot of power. Because of this,we say that America has a two-party system. The parties are very important throughoutthe election process. Here are four functions of political parties:1. Recruiting and nominating candidates2. Educating the electorate about campaign issues3. Helping candidates win elections4. Monitoring actions of officeholders
Below are excerpts fromWashington’s 32-page handwritten 1796 Farewell Address.Although the speech was never delivered to the public orally, it was published in a newspaper.
“…I have already intimated to you the danger ofparties in the State...Let me now take a morecomprehensive view, and warn you in the mostsolemn manner against the baneful effects of thespirit of party generally…It exists under differentshapes in all governments…but, in those of thepopular form, it is seen in its greatest rankness,and is truly their worst enemy.
…Domination of one faction over another,sharpened by the spirit of revenge, natural toparty dissension, which in different ages andcountries has perpetrated the most horridenormities, is itself a frightful despotism…thespirit of party are sufficient to make it theinterest and duty of a wise people to discourageand restrain it.
It serves always to distract the public councils andenfeeble the public administration. It agitates thecommunity with ill-founded jealousies and falsealarms, kindles the animosity of one part againstanother, foments occasionally riot andinsurrection.
It opens the door to foreign influence andcorruption, which finds a facilitated access to thegovernment itself through the channels of partypassions…
There is an opinion that parties in free countriesare useful checks upon the administration of thegovernment and serve to keep alive the spirit ofliberty. This within certain limits is probablytrue...But...in governments purely elective, it is aspirit not to be encouraged…”
What type of resource is it?
Who created the resource? When was it created?
Was the information recorded during or after an event?
Was the resource private or intended for the public?
Why was it created? Who is the intended audience?
Was the author’s intent to inform? If so, what evidence is there?
Was the author’s intent to persuade? If so, what evidence is there?
What is the main idea? What information does it provide?
QUESTION RESPONSE
WORKING WITH PRIMARY SOURCE MATERIAL REPRODUCIBLE 27
What question do you have that is not answered by the resource?
©2015, Five Ponds Press. All Rights Reserved.
Elephants and DonkeysREPRODUCIBLE 28
Directions: Read each box below. Color statements describing the Republican Party RED.Color statements describing the Democratic Party BLUE. Color statements describing both parties PURPLE.Then, write the statement numbers in the correct place on the Venn Diagram.
DEMOCRATREPUBLICAN BOTH
1. Organize to win elections
2. Platforms tend to be more conservative
3. Reflect both liberal and conservativeviews
7. Define themselves in a way that winsmajority support by appealing to thepolitical center
4. Generally believe government needs tokeep a watchful eye on businesses andprovide for people who are sick and poor.
5. Quote from this party:“Government’s first duty is to protect thepeople, not run their lives.”–Ronald Reagan
11. Quote from this party: “If a free societycannot help the many who are poor, it cannotsave the few who are rich.”– John F. Kennedy
6. Many in this party believe globalwarming should be controlled with laws toreduce carbon emissions.
8. Influence public policies
9. Platforms tend to be more liberal
10. Generally believe government shouldnot regulate businesses. Less governmentis better government.
12. Many in this party believe globalwarming is natural and do not support lawsto reduce carbon emissions.
©2015, Five Ponds Press. All Rights Reserved.
N A M E
REPRODUCIBLE 29
Political Cartoon RubricAssignment: You have been hired to create a political cartoon for one of the biggest third parties in America.
Your cartoon must have a biased message, use known symbols, use words/captions sparingly and be in color. Your explanation of the cartoon shoulddemonstrate your knowledge of the topic.The rubric below gives a guideline for what you must include. Place checkmarks (√) in the first column after you include each item listed. Also, selectyour level of mastery for each item. This will show you areas where you maywant to change something before turning in your cartoon. Your teacher willalso score your level of mastery for each item.
Limited orNo Evidenceof Mastery
CompetentEvidence ofMastery
ExemplaryEvidence ofMastery
The cartoon is relevant to the GreenParty or the Libertarian Party.
The cartoon has a clear, biasedmessage.
The cartoon uses symbols to conveythe message.
Words/captions are used sparinglyand enhance the cartoon’s message.
The cartoon is presented neatlyand in color.
In the paragraph the topic isclearly explained and relates tothe class content.
In the paragraph all symbols andcaptions are clearly explained.
There are no spelling orgrammatical errors.
N A M E
©2015, Five Ponds Press. All Rights Reserved.
Are You For Real?
The goal of any political campaign is to win theelection. In order to win, campaign speeches,literature, and advertisements try to persuade voters.A voter must determine if the presented informationby the media is accurate.
Directions: Fill in each vocabulary word below.
1. A true statement that can be proven:
2. Articles that do not report facts. They offer a person’s personal opinion.
3. Misleading information used to promote a political cause:
4. Newspapers, TV, radio stations, Internet, social networks:
5. Someone or something that provides information:
6. Drawn to make fun of candidates with symbols and images:
7. A statement that reflects the way someone thinks or feels; it cannot be proven:
8. A writing that reflects the opinion of the newspaper itself:
9. Being in favor, or against, a person or group in an unfair way:
Directions: Gather all eleven letters from the circled blanks.Unscramble them to complete this statement:
Evaluating campaign speeches, literature and advertisements for accuracy is
Y_ _ _ J _ B _ _ _ V _ _ _ _!
N A M E
REPRODUCIBLE 30
©2015, Five Ponds Press. All Rights Reserved.
NAME
TheEle
ctoral
College
Directions:Analyzethegraphicorganizer.Answerthequestionsbelow.
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CitizenAvotesforelectors
onElectionDay
CitizenBvotesforelectors
onElectionDay
CitizenCvotesforelectors
onElectionDay
Usingawinner-take-all*
system,w
inningelectors
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theirparty’scandidate.
Thenumberofelectorsin
theElectoralC
ollegeis
basedonstatepopulation.
Whenacandidatereceives
270electoralvotes,a
newpresidentandvice
presidentare
selected.
•In
allbu
ttwo
state
s
REPRODUCIBLE 31
©201
5,Fi
vePo
ndsP
ress
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ights
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rved
.
POPULAR
VOTE–
The
People’s
Choice
ELECTORAL
VOTE–
The
Elector’s
Choice
Can Jeff vote? Why or why not?
Can Alicia vote? Why or why not?
Can Carla vote? Why or why not?
N A M E
Directions: Decide if each person can or cannot vote in Virginia.Explain your rationale in each box.
I’m Alicia. I am 25 years old.I just moved to Virginia from
Colorado. I’ve been looking for anew place to live but have not
found a home yet.
I’m Miguel.For the past 20 years I haveworked near my home at my
family’s restaurant. I get so busy!My wife reminded me to registerto vote but the election is two
weeks away!
Can I Vote?I’m Jeff.
I am 16 years oldand live in Norfolk,
Virginia with my parents.I just got my Driver’sLicense. I don’t have
I’m Carla. I immigrated to Virginiato find a good job when I was 33. I studied andworked hard, and I am proud to say that I now
own my home! I recently raised my right hand andwas sworn in as a new U.S. citizen.
I’m Sam and Iturned 18 in June. I learned aboutmy right to vote in my Civics class.
That’s why the day aftermy birthday, I went to the DMV to register.
Can Miguel vote? Why or why not?
Can Sam vote?Why or why not?
REPRODUCIBLE 32
©2015, Five Ponds Press. All Rights Reserved.
much money soI don’t own acar yet.
CHAPTER THREE VOCABULARY CARDS 1 OF 3 REPRODUCIBLE 33
Definition: A belief that limited government isbest, with little oversight of businesses, plus strongsupport for traditional lifestyle choices
Answer: Conservative
12
Definition: The people’s vote
6 3
Answer: Voter Apathy
5
Definition: Writings that reflect the opinion of anewspaper or magazine
11
Definition: Misleading information, used topromote a political cause or point of view
Answer: Propaganda
7 38
Definition: A political party organized asopposition to theexisting parties in atwo-party system
Answer: Third Party
Definition: One reason why citizens may fail tovote; lack of interest
Answer: Popular Vote
Definition: A large group of people that areentitled to vote
Answer: Electorate
Answer: Editorials
Answer: Bias
Definition: Beingin favor of, againsta person or group,in an unfair,one-sided way
55
States are shown for shape only. ©2015, Five Ponds Press. All Rights Reserved.
CHAPTER THREE VOCABULARY CARDS 2 OF 3 REPRODUCIBLE 34
Definition: A belief that government action is thebest way to achieve equal opportunity, protect civilrights, and help those in need
10
1316
203
Answer: Swing State
15 10
Definition: Means of mass communication;examples include TV,newspaper, Internet
Answer: Media
Definition: Person running for political office
Answer: Political Party
Definition: One of the two parties in theAmerican political process that is known to bemore liberal
Answer: Democrats
Answer: Op-ed Pieces
Answer: Ballot
Definition:A documenton which avoter will choose acandidate for election
29
Definition: Articles thatdo not report facts butinstead offer a person’sopinions
Definition: States such as Ohio, Florida,Pennsylvania, and Virginia where Republicans andDemocrats have similar levels of voter support
Answer: Candidate
Definition: A group that shares similar politicalviews and works together to recruit and nominatecandidates and help them win elections.
Answer: Liberal
States are shown for shape only. ©2015, Five Ponds Press. All Rights Reserved.
CHAPTER THREE VOCABULARY CARDS 3 OF 3 REPRODUCIBLE 35
Definition:A body of electors chosen by thevoters in each state to elect the president and vicepresident of the U.S.
Answer: Electoral College
8
4 8
29 6
18
Definition: The vote cast bythe members of theElectoral College
Answer: Platform
Definition: One of the two major parties in theAmerican political process that is known to be moreconservative
Answer: Republican
Answer: Electors
Answer: Political Cartoons
Definition: An illustration containing political orsocial messages that relate to current events usingcartoons and symbolism
5
Definition: Statements describing a politicalparty’s views on major issues; the set of beliefs theparty stands on and represents
Definition: Special interest groups—privateorganizations, such as unions, or trade groups, thatspend huge sums of money in hopes of influencingan election
Definition: People nominated by each politicalparty who cast the officialvote for the candidatebased upon the state’spopular vote
Answer: Electoral Vote
Answer: PACs
States are shown for shape only. ©2015, Five Ponds Press. All Rights Reserved.
Keeping Them Accountable1 OF 3 REPRODUCIBLE 36
Question: How should political parties monitor the actions of those in office?
Background: In 2014 former Governor Bob McDonnell and his wife Maureen McDonnell wereconvicted on several federal counts of corruption and fraud for accepting over $165,000 in gifts inexchange for their public support of a vitamin supplement from the company Star Scientific. Inresponse to the McDonnell gift scandal, a Virginia law was passed in 2015, which limits the amount ofgifts politicians can receive from each lobbyist group to $100 annually.
Scenario: You are an active member of your political party and have been assigned to a committeestudying the law passed by the Virginia General Assembly. You must decide if the law has gone too farin restricting the amount of gifts politicians may receive or if the law is a valuable asset to your party’sability to monitor those in office.
Task: Write a persuasive essay that explains your opinion regarding the law. Your essay must include:• examples of how this law would assist political parties in monitoring the actions of those
elected to public office• clear understanding of how this law would limit the influence of special interest groups• a recommendation on keeping or modifying the law• references to at least two of the sources found in the Source Material
Source MaterialSOURCE A: Quote from Publius Cornelius Tacitus, an historian and senator of the Roman Empire:
“In a state where corruption abounds, laws must be very numerous.”
SOURCE B:
Mark StreeterCopyright 2014Cagle Cartoons
©2015, Five Ponds Press. All Rights Reserved.
1 OF 2 KEEPING THEM ACCOUNTABLE REPRODUCIBLE 37
SOURCE C: This article appeared in The Virginian Pilot newspaper on July 24, 2015.
In April the General Assembly approved a$100 annual cap on gifts from individuallobbyists. Gifts worth less than $20 don'tcount toward the cap.
There are exceptions: for example, any foodor beverage consumed at an event that is partof a legislator's "official duties related to hispublic service."
State Sen. Kenny Alexander, D-Norfolk,said there will be ways for some tomanipulate the law and campaign financerules to cover their expenses withoutreporting them.
Alexander, who reported receiving six giftssince November, including a pair ofWashington Redskins tickets valued at $633provided by Virginia Dominion Power, saidhe believes open records is the best solution.
“I think, personally, that gifts should beunlimited as long as you report it.... Just reporteverything," he said. "My constituents knowme, and they know that a football game or ahot dog... doesn't compromise me, nor does ithave any influence on my decision.”
But he acknowledged that he and otherlegislators are dialing back on gifts. Thefootball tickets, for example, won't be allowedafter Jan. 1, 2016.
“A lot of us have elected just not to do as manydinners and do as many outings because ofwhat has happened,” he said.
©2015, Five Ponds Press. All Rights Reserved.
©2015, Five Ponds Press. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter 3 Performance AssessmentREPRODUCIBLE 38
The rubric below gives a guideline for what you must include in your persuasive essay. Place checkmarks (√) in the first column after you include each item listed. Your teacher will score your level ofmastery on each item.
Limited orNo Evidenceof Mastery
CompetentEvidence ofMastery
ExemplaryEvidence ofMastery
CONTENTIncludes examples of how thelaw would monitor actions ofofficeholders.
CONTENTDemonstrates a clear under-standing of how the law wouldlimit the influence of issue-orientated special interest groups.
ANALYSIS/INTERPRETATIONEvaluates sources to form aclear opinion of the effectivenessof the law.At least two sourcesare cited.
APPLICATION/SYNTHESISDraws meaningful conclusionsfrom content knowledge anddocuments to determine if thelaw should be continued ormodified.
COMMUNICATION SKILLSWrites a well-organized essaywith clearly stated ideas thatare supported from contentknowledge, documents, andcontent-specific vocabulary.
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