PHOTOSYNTHESISChapter 8.1: Energy & Life

AUTOTROPHS & HETEROTROPHS

• From where does the energy that living things need come?

• -

• Plants

AUTOTROPHS & HETEROTROPHS

• Autotrophs

•Organisms that can _____ their own ____.

• ______ and ________.

AUTOTROPHS & HETEROTROPHS

• Heterotrophs

• _____ use the sun’s ______ _______.

•Obtain ______ from foods they ________.

CHEMICAL ENERGY & ATP

•What is energy?

• Government’s definition

•Do you agree???

CHEMICAL ENERGY & ATP

•What is energy?

• _____, _____, __________

• Two definitions

• Ability to __________ molecules in _________ reactions.

• Ability to do _________.

MAJOR TYPES OF ENERGY

• _______ = _______

• _______ = ________

* What types of energy are used by living things?

_________

__________

FORMS OF CHEMICAL ENERGY

•Different forms of stored chemical energy are used in living things.

WHAT IS ATP?

• Energy “__________”

• Used by ______

• ___________ _________

WHAT IS ATP?

• Principle _________ compound that cells use to _________ and _________ energy.

• _______ (Nitrogenous base)

• _________ (5-carbon sugar)

• _________ phosphate groups.

• _____ to molecule’s ability to store and release energy.

STORING ENERGY

• Adenosine diphosphate (______)

• ______ phosphate groups instead of _________.

• Cell ______ energy by adding a __________ group to ADP molecules to make ______.

RELEASING ENERGY

• Law of Thermodynamics

• When energy _____________ occur, energy is neither _________ nor ___________.

• However, there is a _______ of ____________ energy.

• For this reason, living things are dependent on a constant ______ of ______ energy the ____.

RELEASING ENERGY

• How is energy stored in ATP released?

• _________ chemical ________ between _________ & ________ phosphate groups.

• Used in _______ _________ across cell membranes, protein _______, & muscle ___________.

• Basic ______ _________ of all cells!

USING BIOCHEMICAL ENERGY

•Do cells have enough ATP to make it through the day?

• ________

•Most cells only have a __________ amount.

• Enough to last only a few _________ of __________.

USING BIOCHEMICAL ENERGY

• ATP is a great molecule for _________ energy but not _________ energy ________ _________.

• How is energy in cells stored?

• __________ = ______ chemical energy of ATP.

• Cells regenerate _____ from _______ as needed using energy in _______ (like __________).

90 X more energy

PHOTOSYNTHESISChapter 8.2: An Overview

PHOTOSYNTHESIS EQUATION

• The process in which plants convert _________ into _______ _________ energy (_________).

CO2 +H20 ---sunlight----> C6H1206 + 02

THE REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

• Inside the chloroplast: Light & light energy

• Why does a plant leaf (chlorophyll) appear green?

• -

• How does the amount of energy in light change as the wavelength increases?

• -

• Which colors of light are most effective for photosynthesis?

THE REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

• Inside the ____________

• Photosynthetic ___________ called ___________.

• Proteins organize __________ into clusters known as _________________.

• Absorb __________.

• Where the __________________________ reactions occur.

• Space outside the thylakoids called the ___________.

• Where the _______________ (______) reactions occur (________ _______).

ELECTRON CARRIERS

•What happens in the chlorophyll when sunlight shines upon it?

• -

•Need a special type of _________ ___________.

ELECTRON CARRIERS

• Plant uses carrier molecules to ___________ high-energy ____________ from _______________ to other molecules.

• Compound that can __________ a _________ of high-energy electrons & ________ them plus their energy to another ___________.

• Process is called ___________ ______________.

• Electron carriers = __________ ___________ ____________.

ELECTRON CARRIERS• Two carrier

molecules include ______ and ______

• NADP+ accepts and holds __ high-energy electrons with a ______________ ion (____).

• Converts NADP+ to __________

• Traps energy from ___________ into ___________ form.

• NADH carries high-energy electrons to other ________ reactions in the _______.

MAJOR STAGES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

• Light Reaction

• Occurs in the ____________ membranes

• Produces ________ (____) and ________ for Calvin cycle

• _______ is split by ____________

• ___________ is ____________.

• ____________ is carried to next stage by __________

• _____ that is released is carried to the next stage by ____.

• Uses ________, ___, and ____ to produce __, ___, and _____ (_____________ compounds)

MAJOR STAGES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

• Dark Reaction (______ ____)

• Reaction occurs in _______.

• _____ from ___ (light-dependent rxn) is used to ____ (attach) ___________ to ________

• _____ carried by ________

• _________ is formed from ____.

• Can be ______ for ______ ______

MAJOR STAGES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Photosynthesis song

• Two reactions work together: ____ _________ energy from ____ & produce ____________ _______.

• We get an atmosphere filled with _________________!

FACTORS AFFECTING PHOTOSYNTHESIS

• Shortage of __________.

• _________________

• Depends on __________ that function best at _______ to __________.

• What happens above/below this range?

• Intensity of ____________

• __________ intensity = ___________ in ________ of photosynthesis.