Biology Unit 3 – From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes

11/30/15

• Entry Task

• How you get energy to live, move and grow?

• COMP BOOKS – must be turned in…

• Unit 2 tests – must be completed today…

Today’s Agenda

• Return comp books and discuss

• Assign Food and Exercise log due Friday

• In groups of 3-4 design a paper model

• Conduct gallery walk of models

• Discuss

• Revise models

Day Breakfast Lunch Dinner Snacks Exercise

MONDAY

TUESDAY

WEDNESDAY

Each person gets a color – write down ALL your ideas!

Make a paper model:

How do you get energy to live, move, and grow?

Be as specific and as detailed as you know. Show structures, processes, inputs and outputs

11/30/15

• Exit task

• What components of your model were effective and correct?

• What components of your model did you need to revise?

12/1/15

• Entry Task

• Calculate and write down your test percentage:

• red handwritten number on scantron/ 50 = _____ x 100 = ______%

• Will you be completing a reflection? 60% or below are REQUIRED to reflect…Anyone may reflect for a better score.

Today’s Agenda

• HOMEWORK DUE FRIDAY: Read pages 868-883. Answer #1-3 on p. 873 and #1-4 on page 881.

• Test reflections: complete by end of class

• If you have not finished your reflection, schedule with Mr Kolln for Wednesday morning activity time 7:50 to 8:30 am.

• Not reflecting? Begin your homework…

12/1/15

• Exit Task

• Describe what you accomplished today and what you will need to finish by Friday.

• NOTE: REFLECTIONS DUE FRIDAY. HOMEWORK DUE FRIDAY.

12/2/15

• Entry Task

• What is food “made of?” Give

specific examples.

• Hint: consider page 869 regarding nutrients.

Today’s Agenda

• Reread pages 45-49.

• Notes on Macromolecules.

• Fill in blanks on Macromolecules chart using red cards.

• Copy the new information into your chart.

KEY - Types of Macromolecules

12/2/15

• Exit Task

• For each of the following macromolecules, give a food it is found in.

• Carbohydrates:

• Lipids:

• Proteins:

12/3/15 - Biology

• Entry Task

• Considering what you learned yesterday about macromolecules, what will you be adding to your models when you have a chance to revise?

• REMINDER: Your 3-day FOOD AND EXERCISE LOG is due tomorrow!

Today’s Agenda - Biology • We will resume tomorrow with our human system models

and understanding breakdown of macromolecules during digestion.

• For today you can complete 2 book assignments.

• The first was assigned on Tuesday and is due Friday: Read pages 868-883. Answer #1-3 on p. 873 and #1-4 on page 881.

• You should give careful attention to the READING of these pages – it is complex.

• The second assignment will be due Monday:

• Read pages 188-205. Answer #1-3 on page194 and #1-6 on page 205.

• Cell structures should be a review from middle school. Please ask the students how many learned this in middle school.

12/3/15 - Biology

• Exit Task

• Why is it important to consume enough proteins, especially the “essential amino acids”? You may reread page 870 to answer this question.

Today’s Agenda

• Revise your models.

• Remember to add structures/locations.

• Remember to add processes occurring at those locations.

• Remember to add inputs and outputs. In other words, what goes in that structure and what is the product of the process?

• Include the following words and answer the following questions in your model.

• DRAW YOUR FULLY REVISED MODEL INTO YOUR COMP BOOKS>

Modelling the Human System – energy to live, grow, move

USE THE VOCABULARY • Ingestion, digestion, excretion • Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins,

Nucleic Acids • Enzymes • Mechanical digestion

(chew/swallow) • Chemical digestion • Mechanical digestion

(mixing/propulsion) • Peptides, Amino Acids, glucose,

fructose, lipids, water minerals, vitamins

• Absorption (ions, water, minerals, small organic molecules)

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

• What are the macromolecules in the food?

• Where is the food broken down mechanically?

• Where is the food broken down chemically?

• Where is the food absorbed?

• How does the food get to your cells?

Modelling the Human System – energy to live, grow, move

USE THE VOCABULARY • Ingestion, digestion, excretion • Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins,

Nucleic Acids • Enzymes • Mechanical digestion

(chew/swallow) • Chemical digestion • Mechanical digestion

(mixing/propulsion) • Peptides, Amino Acids, glucose,

fructose, lipids, water minerals, vitamins

• Absorption (ions, water, minerals, small organic molecules)

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

• What are the macromolecules in the food?

• Where is the food broken down mechanically?

• Where is the food broken down chemically?

• Where is the food absorbed?

• How does the food get to your cells?

Modelling the Human System – energy to live, grow, move

USE THE VOCABULARY • Ingestion, digestion, excretion • Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins,

Nucleic Acids • Enzymes • Mechanical digestion

(chew/swallow) • Chemical digestion • Mechanical digestion

(mixing/propulsion) • Peptides, Amino Acids, glucose,

fructose, lipids, water minerals, vitamins

• Absorption (ions, water, minerals, small organic molecules)

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

• What are the macromolecules in the food?

• Where is the food broken down mechanically?

• Where is the food broken down chemically?

• Where is the food absorbed?

• How does the food get to your cells?

Modelling the Human System – energy to live, grow, move

USE THE VOCABULARY • Ingestion, digestion, excretion • Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins,

Nucleic Acids • Enzymes • Mechanical digestion

(chew/swallow) • Chemical digestion • Mechanical digestion

(mixing/propulsion) • Peptides, Amino Acids, glucose,

fructose, lipids, water minerals, vitamins

• Absorption (ions, water, minerals, small organic molecules)

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

• What are the macromolecules in the food?

• Where is the food broken down mechanically?

• Where is the food broken down chemically?

• Where is the food absorbed?

• How does the food get to your cells?

Modelling the Human System – energy to live, grow, move

USE THE VOCABULARY • Ingestion, digestion, excretion • Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins,

Nucleic Acids • Enzymes • Mechanical digestion

(chew/swallow) • Chemical digestion • Mechanical digestion

(mixing/propulsion) • Peptides, Amino Acids, glucose,

fructose, lipids, water minerals, vitamins

• Absorption (ions, water, minerals, small organic molecules)

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

• What are the macromolecules in the food?

• Where is the food broken down mechanically?

• Where is the food broken down chemically?

• Where is the food absorbed?

• How does the food get to your cells?

Modelling the Human System – energy to live, grow, move

USE THE VOCABULARY • Ingestion, digestion, excretion • Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins,

Nucleic Acids • Enzymes • Mechanical digestion

(chew/swallow) • Chemical digestion • Mechanical digestion

(mixing/propulsion) • Peptides, Amino Acids, glucose,

fructose, lipids, water minerals, vitamins

• Absorption (ions, water, minerals, small organic molecules)

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

• What are the macromolecules in the food?

• Where is the food broken down mechanically?

• Where is the food broken down chemically?

• Where is the food absorbed?

• How does the food get to your cells?

Enzymes Are made of proteins

Can build or break apart molecules Are reusable

Can be turned ON or OFF by regulatory molecules

Have an ideal pH & temperature to work at

Can be denatured (fall apart) due to changes in temperature & pH

Digestion Table

Digestion Diagram

12/4/15

• Entry Task

• Say Something Nice

• REVIEW HOMEWORK p. 873, 881 – correct your mistakes and mark final # correct.

Today’s Agenda

• Review work for week:

• Reflections – Extended to next Wednesday morning activity time – do you have questions?

• Macromolecules Chart

• Macromolecules Notes

• NEXT We will revise our models. And draw a complete human system in our comp books.

• Food and exercise log – analyze using USDA on MONDAY

https://www.supertracker.usda.gov

Click on FOOD TRACKER

Enter food for ONE day

Create a graph of your DAILY FOOD GROUP TARGET results in your notebook

Record Daily Limits of Calories, Oils, & Fats

12/4/15

• Exit Task

• Review what you should have for entry/exit.

• Trade and Grade

• Please turn in your sheets.

12/7/15

• Entry Task

• What Large molecules from food are broken down in your digestive system?

• Where?

• Last week’s homework due Wednesday: Read pages 188-205. Answer #1-3 on page194 and #1-6 on page 205.

Analyze ONE DAY of Food and Exercise Logs • http://ndb.nal.usda.gov

/ndb/foods

• Enter each food item you consumed.

• Be sure to look at the amount you consumed (approx)

• RECORD:

• Energy in kcal

• Protein in g

• Total Lipids in g

• Carbohydrates in g

• Fiber in g

• And 3 HIGHEST:

• Minerals in mg

• Vitamins in mg or µg

Sum it all up! What was your TOTAL kcal, protein (g), lipid (g), carbohydrate (g), fiber (g), mineral and vitamin consumption for that day? COMPARE YOURS to the chart http://iom.nationalacademies.org/~/media/Files/Activity%20Files/Nutrition/DRIs/DRI_Macronutrients.pdf for your age and gender. Were you deficient or excessive in any area?

Analyze ONE DAY of Food and Exercise Logs • http://ndb.nal.usda.gov

/ndb/foods

• Enter each food item you consumed.

• Be sure to look at the amount you consumed (approx)

• RECORD:

• Energy in kcal

• Protein in g

• Total Lipids in g

• Carbohydrates in g

• Fiber in g

• And 3 HIGHEST:

• Minerals in mg

• Vitamins in mg or µg

Sum it all up! What was your TOTAL kcal, protein (g), lipid (g), carbohydrate (g), fiber (g), mineral and vitamin consumption for that day? COMPARE YOURS to the chart http://iom.nationalacademies.org/~/media/Files/Activity%20Files/Nutrition/DRIs/DRI_Macronutrients.pdf for your age and gender. Were you deficient or excessive in any area?

12/7/15

• Exit Task

• Do you expect that you are meeting the recommended daily allowances? Why or why not?

12/8/15

• Entry Task

• What was your TOTAL kcal, protein (g), lipid (g), carbohydrate (g), fiber (g), mineral and vitamin consumption for that day?

• COMPARE TO CHART: Were you deficient or excessive in any area?

12/8/15

• Entry Task

• How do the smaller molecules get to all the cells in your body?

• NOTE: your human digestion system diagrams are due WEDNESDAY (along with homework and Unit 2 test reflections)

Today’s Agenda

• Compare TOTALS from 1 day to chart. • Enzyme Notes • Final Revisions/Additions to YOUR HUMAN DIGESTION

DIAGRAMS • Read and Teach about Macromolecules. • Teams 1,2,3 – carbohydrate • Teams 4,5,6– lipids • Teams 7 and 8– proteins • EACH PERSON make a NOTECARD:

– FRONT 4 key ideas – BACK 4 “quiz” questions

Are made of proteins

Can build or break apart molecules Are reusable

Can be turned ON or OFF by regulatory

molecules

Have an ideal pH & temperature to work Can be denatured (fall apart) due to

changes in temperature & pH

Some Enzymes BREAK complex molecules

COMPLETE your Human System Diagram– energy to live, grow, move

USE THE VOCABULARY • Ingestion, digestion, excretion • Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins,

Nucleic Acids • Enzymes • Mechanical digestion

(chew/swallow) • Chemical digestion • Mechanical digestion

(mixing/propulsion) • Peptides, Amino Acids, glucose,

fructose, lipids, water minerals, vitamins

• Absorption (ions, water, minerals, small organic molecules)

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

• What are the macromolecules in the food?

• Where is the food broken down mechanically?

• Where is the food broken down chemically?

• Where is the food absorbed?

• How does the food get to your cells?

12/8/15

• Exit Task

• Give the name of an enzyme, where it works, the substrate it works on, and the product made during this chemical reaction.

12/9/15

• Entry Task

• Describe in detail, one aspect of the human digestive system that you understand better now.

• Trade and grade HW

• Trade and Grade Human System Diagrams

• TURN IN YOUR UNIT 2 TEST REFLECTIONS

Today’s Agenda

• Read and Teach about Macromolecules.

• Teams 1,2,3 – carbohydrate

• Teams 4,5,6– lipids

• Teams 7 and 8– proteins

• EACH PERSON make a NOTECARD: – FRONT 4 key ideas

– BACK 4 “quiz” questions

• Teach and quiz – for both of the molecules you did not learn!

How to read molecular structure diagrams…

• BUILD MOLECULES – same teams.

• LIPIDS – don’t build the whole chain!!

• CARBON – 4 holes/bonds

• HYDROGEN – 1 hole/bond

• OXYGEN – 2 holes/bonds

• NITROGEN – 3 holes/bonds

• Use the grey bars to connect = bonds

12/9/15

• Exit Task

• What did you learn today about carbohydrates? Proteins? Lipids?

12/10/15

• Entry Task

• Think of a food. • If you know that…

– Benedict’s indicator will change color for carbs – Lugol’s solution (iodine) will change color for starch – Sudan IV will change color for lipids – Biuret’s indicator will change color for proteins

• Predict which indicator will change color with the food you thought of. Explain.

Today’s Agenda

• Part 1 – molecular models

• Part 2 – prep for lab

How to read molecular structure diagrams…

• BUILD MOLECULES – same teams.

• LIPIDS – don’t build the whole chain!!

• CARBON – 4 holes/bonds

• HYDROGEN – 1 hole/bond

• OXYGEN – 2 holes/bonds

• NITROGEN – 3 holes/bonds

• Use the grey bars to connect = bonds

Macromolecules in Food Lab

• Read through the procedure together. • Complete Table 1 – hypothesis for indicators with foods A-I • Watch as I demonstrate procedure using Biuret’s indicator

for proteins. • The basics:

– 10 tubes for the ten substances (label A-I and W) – 10 drops in each tube FOOD – 10 drops water to each tube – 10 drops indicator to each tub – Record results in Table 2

• DON’T GET IT ON YOUR HANDS! You are made of macromolecules too

• Only use SUDAN IV at the fume hood.

12/10/15

• Exit Task

• What are your predictions?

• Which substances have carbohydrates? Proteins? Lipids? Starch?

12/11/15

• Entry Task

• Say Something Nice

Today’s Agenda

• Watch demonstration and record data for Biuret’s

• Conduct Sudan IV (fume hood)

• Conduct Benedict’s

• Conduct Lugol’s

• Finish Macromolecules in Food Lab.

12/11/15

• Exit Task

• Trade and Grade the entry/exit task sheets.

• Please turn them in

12/14/15

• Entry Task

• Were any of your results from the “Macromolecules in Food” lab surprising or confusing? Explain.

Today’s Agenda

• Complete lipid test using brown paper bag test as a demonstration

• Complete Benedict’s testing – 3 test tubes at a time! I set up three stations.

• COMPILE OUR DATA!

• Answer lab analysis questions

Analysis Q – macromolecules in food 1) Which foods contained the following molecules: a) Lipids b) Proteins c) Carbohydrate- complex sugars/ starch d) Carbohydrate- simple sugar/ glucose 2) How many of the foods were you able to correctly identify their macromolecule(s) contained? (compare your hypothesis table with your actual- DO THE MATH and answer with a percent) 3) Were there any foods that surprised you by their contents? Which ones? 4) Some foods had positive reactions to more than one indicator. What does that tell you about those foods? 5) Were there any foods that did not react to any indicator? What were they? What does it tell you about those foods?

12/14/15

• Exit Task

• Explain how you know from the lab that the diet soda contains “empty calories”?

12/15/15

• Entry Task

• If a person ate a peanut butter and jelly sandwich, what macromolecules would you expect to see in their stomach?

Today’s Agenda

• Write down “Murder in a Meal” information and hypotheses (3 for the 3 different restaurants)

• Write procedure.

• Your procedure must be initialed as complete by tomorrow! Follow green sheet. Model Macromolecules lab.

• Note: this lab will be typed and turned in online. We will use laptops Thursday and Friday.

Murder and a Meal

• The Case • • A murder has occurred right here in our peaceful little town

of Olympia, WA. As top-notch biology students at Capital High School, you have been asked to assist in the investigation of this most unfortunate incident. Central to identifying the individual who committed this crime is establishing where the victim was the day of the crime so that detectives can question the individuals with whom the victim came into contact. An autopsy performed on the victim has revealed that the victim ate just prior to the time of death. Upon questioning the victim’s friends and family, detectives working the case have learned that the victim enjoyed eating at the following establishments.

Write 3 hypotheses: Vic’s Pizza The victim would never eat thin crust pizza from anywhere else! The victim would typically order a pizza with sausage, pepperoni, and bacon. What macromolecules would you expect to find in the stomach contents of the victim if the victim’s final “pie” was eaten here before they said “bye”? Buffalo Wild Wings The victim would hang out here to watch sporting events while feasting on Blazin’ wings and celery. What macromolecules would you expect to find in the stomach contents of the victim if the victim had their last cluck here before their clock ran out? Mercato Restorante The victim loved to go here for a night of bread, olive oil, and pasta. What macromolecules would you expect to find in the stomach contents of the victim if the victim had their final chow here before they said “ciao”?

Data Table: Results for the Presence of Organic Macromolecules

Macromolecule Chemical Test Positive or Negative Test Result/Color Change

Observations

Lipids (brown paper bag)

Proteins (Biurets Ms. M demonstration)

Simple Carbohydrates (Benedict’s glucose)

Complex Carbohydrates (Lugol’s iodine starch)

Water (ECC)

12/15/15

• Exit Task

• Give one hypothesis for one restaurant.

• Remember: bring your procedure ready for tomorrow! You will conduct the lab tomorrow with your group.

12/16/15

• Entry Task

Today’s Agenda

• Have your procedure signed by Ms. M or Ms. A

• Conduct “Murder and a Meal” Lab

12/16/15