A Portrayal of the Needs and Lifestyle of the

Indonesian 0lderly Woman in Jakarta, Indonesia

SEACA, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

July 17th., 2010

MM. Tri S. Mildawani (mildawani@yahoo.com)

MC. Oetami P. Winarto (oetamip@yahoo.com)

ABFII (Asian Banking Finance Informatics & Institute) Perbanas, Jakarta

� Priority 1: OLDER PERSONS AND Priority 1: OLDER PERSONS AND Priority 1: OLDER PERSONS AND Priority 1: OLDER PERSONS AND DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

� Issue 1: Active Participation in Society and Issue 1: Active Participation in Society and Issue 1: Active Participation in Society and Issue 1: Active Participation in Society and Development.Development.Development.Development.

� Objective 1- Recognition of the social, cultural, economic and political contribution of older persons

� Objective 2 - Participation of older persons in decision-making processes at all levels.

� Elder people is someone who are in 60+ years old

� Retirement age is 55 (along with ILO= International Labor Organization)

� Older person

� Indonesia : Lansia (Lanjut Usia); Usil (UsiaLanjut)

Demographic TrendsAccording to Indonesia Population Census 2000; population

growth of the elderly group (LANSIA) and the group of the Balita

(under five years

YEAR BALITA (under

5 years)

% LANSIA (> 60

years)

%

1971

1980

1985

……..

2000

2005

2010

2015

2020

19.098.693

21.190.672

21.550.364

21.190.900

21.112.758

19.720.793

18.773.512

17.595.966

16.1%

14.4%

13.4%

10.1%

9.5%

8.4%

7.6%

6.9%

5.306.874

7.998.543

9.440.999

15.882.627

18.283.107

17.303.967

24.446.290

29.021.128

4.6%

5.5%

5.8%

7.6%

8.2%

7.4%

10.0%

11.4%

Elderly People in IndonesiaYears Life

ExpectancyNumber %

1980 52,2 7,998,543 5,45

1990 59,8 11,277,557 6,29

2000 64,5 14,439,967 7,18

2005 66,2 19,936,895 8,48

2010 67,4 23,992,553 9,77

2020 71,1 28,822,879 11,34

Lembaga Demografi, UI, 2008� The young old (60-69) = 11.13 million

� The middle old (70-79) = 5.80 million

� The grand old (80+) = 1.96 million

� The total = 18.89 million

Government Policy for the Elderly

The government generates policies based on WHO Resolution No. 46/1991

1. National Policies and Programs on Aging in Indonesia (the Ministry of Social Affair – UU No 13/1998) – “Older Persons Welfare”

The main programs are:

a. increase older persons social welfare and security

b. increase older persons health services

c. strengthening family and community support based supports towards livelihood of older persons

d. increase of quality of life of older persons

e. age friendly environment

2. …..

Continued…

2. The National Commission on Ageing (2004) following Madrid and Shanghai conferences (2002) implementation of the efforts to increase older person welfare

3. Law No 40, 2004 (National Social Security System)

4. National Plan of Action, firstly in 2000, revised in 2003

Lifestyle (LS)� Lifestyle can be said as a pattern of people living (Mowen in Oetami, 1998)

� Try to predict and control human lifestyles by shaping the pattern

�

The pattern used to parse, understand and interpret the events that took place around event

�

Simply, life style defined TSB sa how people live, use of time, money

Lifestyle (continued)� Lifestyle is a function of inherent individual characteristics that shaped and formed through social interaction

Lifestyle influenced by values, Demography, social class, family, reference groups, and individual characteristics, such as motivation, perceptions, needs, emotions, personality

AIO� Lifestyle can be used and more contemporary to understand the behavior

� Lifestyle is a construct and reflect the activity of (A), interest or interest (I), and opinions (O) a person

� AIO can be decomposed in a number of statements with Likert approach, from a range of strongly disagree to strongly agree

AIO and Lifestyle

� Shot through lifestyle AIÓ, can be obtained through the attitudes, values, and Demography of a psychography

AIO Components

� ACTIVITIES INTERESTS OPINION working families themselvesHobby house social problemsPolitical work of social eventsVacation business communityLeisure economy futureMembership club fashion educationSocietal Food productsShopping media culture

Sports achievements

The Needs The Needs The Needs The Needs HierarchyHierarchyHierarchyHierarchy of of of of MaslowMaslowMaslowMaslow

(Maslow, 1954)

METODOLOGY

• Quantitative research

• By Questionnaire

• 75 respondents from 100 total (N : 75)

• Data was processed by SPSS version 17

• Tehnique for analysis: Pearson Correlation

and Factor Analysis

VALIDITY & RELIABILITY

QUESTIONNAIRE

LIFE SYLE VALIDITY RELIABILITY

( ALPHA CRONBACH)

Activity (13 ITEM) 0.4 – 0.6 (N:75) 0.8 (N:75)

Interest (8 ITEM) 0.4 -- 0.6 (N:75) O.8 (N:75)

Opinion (7 ITEM) 0. 5 (N:75) 0.6 (N:75)

NEEDS (20 ITEM) 05 – 0.8 (n:75) 096 (N;75)

RESPONDENTS PROFILEDIMENTION NOTE

SEXE F M

50 25 N: 75

EDUCATION L0W HGH

42 33 N: 75

ECONOMY CATEGORY 1 2 3 4 5 6

13 24 25 5 3 5 N: 75

JOB STATUS 1 2 3

39 23 13 N: 75

DOMICILI JAK BOGOR DEPOK BEKASI

45 3 3 24 N: 75

RESPONDENT PROFILE

DIMENTION NOTE

Ages Category 55-60 61-65 66-70 71-75 76-80 >81

25 15 8 15 7 5 N: 75

Marital status 1 2 3 4

64 2 1 8 N: 75

Dwelling House 1 2 3 4 5

DESCRIPTION OF LIFE STYLE

• By factor analysis, there are 3 TYPES of Life

Style grouping

• Life style (LS1) : Passionate-Dynamic

• Life style (LS2) : Submission to-Passive

• Life style (LS3) : Active-Socialized

Findings of Needs

Needs statement 1 2 3 4 5 6 Needs statement

1. Physical Needs (lack of,support by, feeling crowded )

4.0 1. Physical Needs (abundance, bear their own, no prpblem)

2. Safety Needs(worry, neglected, minim cost)

4. 0 2. Safety Needs(assurance, well planned,funding enough)

3. Needs for love &

belonging ( pickup, being hurt, troublesome)

4.6 3. Needs for love (Priority,

acceptance by group)

4. Need for Award(neglected)

3.8 4. Need for Award

(Priority), being recognized)

5. Needs for Cognitive(neglected)

4.3 5. Needs for Cognitive(meaningful, priority, up-dated)

6. Needs for Aesthetic(messy, unorganized)(messy, unorganized)

4.4 6. N eeds for Aesthetic

( Harmony, balanced )

7. Needs for Sef-

actulaization(going the flow, passive)

3.4 7. Needs for Sef-

actulaization(importance, excited,priority)

Research Findings

• There is a significant correlation between

Sexes and Life style (LS) 2 Submissive to-

Passive and LS 3 Active Socialized. Female

tend to show LS 2 and 3. while Male tends to

show LS 1 Passionate-Dynamic.

• There is no correlation between education

and Life style.

• There is correlation only Economy category 3

(No Debt,no regular saving ,have saving) with

LS 3

Research Findings

• There is a significant correlation between

lifestyle (LS3) Active Socialized and Need for

socialization, and need for safety.

• There is a significant correlation between LS3

and Needs for Cognitive

• There is a significant correlation between LS3

and Needs for Award (support and

recognition)

Research Findings• There is a significant correlation between LS 3

and needs for aesthetic (harmony) and self-

actualization needs.

• There is a significant correlation between LS 1

and needs for Love and belonging.

• There is a significant correlation between

needs for safety and LS 3

• There is no correlation between Maslow

Needs and Sexe, economy category,

education also.

RECOMENDATIONS

• The subject prefer to mentioned themselves

as”the third generation”

• Needs for Socialization is the highest needs

among the others

• Sexe is correlated with the different coping

behavior, based on the findings

• The subjects are recomendet to be treated as

human being, in term of needs for harmony

and socialization.