PDF 7.2 NRC Regulation and Licensing

7/27/2019 PDF 7.2 NRC Regulation and Licensing

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Nuclear Engineering Program

LEGISLATION AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION World War II Introduction of Nuclear Energy Atomic Energy Act of 1946 - "McMahon Act"

Complete Federal Control

Atomic Energy Act of 1954 Domestic Commercialization

"Atoms for Peace" Internationally

Atomic Energy Commission [AEC] Oversee Development

Establish Regulation

Congressional Oversight by J CAE


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Atomic Energy Act of 1954

... the utilization of special nuclear materialwill ... provide adequate protection to the

health and safety of the public . 1961, U.S. Supreme Court decision

established that adequate protection isequivalent to no undue risk

It is presumed that a nuclear power plant incompliance with federal regulations providesadequate protection


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PRICE-ANDERSON ACT First passed in 1957 for nuclear accidents

Established liability limits and no-fault insurance Provides financial protection for licensees

Originally seen as necessary incentive for private production $60 million from private companies Government underwrites additional $500 million

Renewed many times Last renewed in 2005 by Congress

Ensures $10 billion from industry coverage Claims above $10 billion covered by Federal Government

In 43 years, insurance pools have paid $151 million in claims

LEGISLATION AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION


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LEGISLATION AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT OF1969 Requires Environmental Impact statement [EIS] for:

"Every major federal action significantly affecting the quality of

the human environment" Issuing of a reactor license considered a major federal

action requiring an EIS (Calvert Cliffs) EIS Must Address:

Environmental Impact of Action Unavoidable Adverse Effects Alternatives Short-Term Use Vs Long-Term Productivity Irreversible/Irretrievable Resource Commitments


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GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIA

(App. A to 10 CFR 50) I. Overall RequirementsII. Protection by Multiple Fission

Product BarriersIII. Protection and Reactivity

Control SystemsIV. Fluid SystemsV. Reactor Containment, andVI. Fuel and Radioactivity Control


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Example of General Design Criteria II. Protection by Multiple Fission Product

Barriers

Criterion 10Reactor design . The reactorcore and associated coolant, control, and protectionsystems shall be designed with appropriate margin toassure that specified acceptable fuel design limits arenot exceeded during any condition of normaloperation, including the effects of anticipatedoperational occurrences.


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CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS Part 55 Operator Licenses

Required for All Who Operate / Supervise Plant

Reactor Operator [RO]

Senior Reactor Operator [SRO] Initial License Examination

Written Practical (Oral "Walk-Around" / Plant Simulator)

Requalification Training Plant Operation Annual Examination (By Plant / NRC Evaluation)

LEGISLATION AND REGULATIONS


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CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS

Part 52 Licenses, Certifications and Approvals forNuclear Power Plants

Part 54 Requirements for Renewal of OperatingLicense for Nuclear Power Plants

Part 73 Physical Protection

Security Measures Against Sabotage / Theft

Part 100 Reactor Siting Criteria

Evaluation of Suitability of Reactor Sites Seismic / Geologic / Other



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Qualification of a Reactor Site

Radiological Consequences

Exclusion distance

In 2 hours exposure

25 Rem whole body

300 Rem thyroid

Low Population Zone

Population Center Distance

REACTOR SITING 10CFR100


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REGULATORY GUIDES AND STANDARDS Regulatory Guides

Acceptable Methods for Implementing 10CFR

Techniques for Specific Problems

General Guidance for License Applicants

Consensus Standards

Codification of Industrial Practice

Developed by Committees w/ Wide Experience ANSI / ANS / IEEE /ASME / Other Sponsorship Voluntary Unless License / Other Commitment Considered the equivalent of a regulation



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The Commission Five Members / Fixed Five Year Terms

Appointed by President / Confirmed by Senate

Chair Appointed by President

Independent of Other Departments / Agencies

Kemeny/TMI-2 Recommendations

Single Administrator

Legislation / Not Enacted

NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION


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Executive Director for Operations [EDO] REGULATORY STAFF

Nuclear Reactor Regulation [NRR]

Historically: License Safety/Env Evaluation

Currently: Amendments / Inspection / Assessment Nuclear Regulatory Research [RES]

Research "Confirmatory to Regulation" WASH-1400 / LOFT / NUREG-1150 / TMI-2

Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards [NMSS] Fuel Facility Safety Reactor / Fuel Facility Safeguards Waste Management



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REGULATORY STAFF Regional Offices

Phila / Chicago / Atlanta / Dallas / San Francisco

Inspection / Resident Inspectors Operator Licensing (10CFR 55)

Office of Enforcement

Actions for Non-Compliance Civil Penalties / Fines

Criminal Penalties

Penalties Common Post-TMI-2


(~ 2 inspectors / station)Daily Station Oversight:

Monitor Assess Report

Documents

PDF 7.2 NRC Regulation and Licensing