PD 1st part ppt

8/3/2019 PD 1st part ppt.

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Moral Theology- covers the study of mans way toGod as indicated by conscience and to follow the lawof Christ, made possible by Gods grace.

It covers the moral aspect of human acts,physical, psychological and moral freedom.

Science of what man ought to be by the reason of

what he is

Part of theology that searches for the norms of freehuman conduct in the light of the revelation


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It is the speculative and practical science which deals

with mans journey to God guided by conscience andthe law of Christ and more specifically with man as apilgrim and as an image of God. (St. Thomas Aquinas)

It is the science of what man ought to be by reasonof what he is. (M. Oraison)

The part of theology that searches for the norms offree human conduct in the light of the Revelations.

(Franc Bockle)


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That part of theology which studies mans actions inthe light of Christian faith and of reason theguidelines man must follow to obtain his final goal.(Peshke)

A speculative science which guides our judgment onthe goodness and badness of human acts based onreason alone.

Thus, an adequate definition will have the followingelements:


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Moral Theology

1. it is a SCIENCE concerned about what oughtto be

2. NORMS- standard, guidelines

3. JUDGING RIGHT OR WRONG4. dealing with HUMAN CONDUCT- human actsfree and deliberate

5. summed up by RESPONSIBILITY commitment

6. responding to a personal invitation of Jesus


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Dogmatic theology- speculative in character, reflecting onthe nature of God, and of his creatures.

ex. Dogma of Divine Revelation

Moral Theology- practical science drawing from thedogmatic truths the consequences for human actionsand

guiding men toward the realization of his final goal.

Ethics or Moral philosophy excludes positive revelation ofthe Old and New Testament as source of its moralknowledge and guidance

Divine Revelation these are supernatural truths revealedto us by God which we have to believe


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2 Divisions of Moral Theology

1. General or Fundamental M.T.- deals with the generalconditions and qualities with which actions must be based inorder that it may contribute to final goal.

It deals with mans responsibility in the religious realm- faith,hope, charity and worship.

2. Special M.T.- deals with human behavior in the different

spheres and situations of life.

It deals with responsibility to the created

world.


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Similarity between Ethics and Moral Theology

Both are concerned with human acts

Both are concerned with the morality of humanconduct

Both are essential guiding principles and principles formans moral life

Differences

Ethics is universal in its sphere concern with

universal norm, conduct, custom common to all men Moral Theology is specific


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Sense of Perception M.T Intuition of the firstPrinciple

Philosophy and Metaphysics should be

studied in order to appreciate the existenceof God

Medium of knowledge

Ethics = reason MT- Faith

End

Ethics- Natural end M. T- Supernatural


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Reason M.T Faith

Purpose of Moral Theology

1. to point out the purpose of Christian vocation2. to bring faith, truth, and love as Christ did.

3. to develop Christian moral adulthood.

Ethics and Moral Theology are both concerned withhuman activities and actions


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Ethics or Moral Philosophy- deals with human activity inas much as the acts are in conformity with the natural

end. The medium of knowledge is reason alone, settingout the data of experience and acquired knowledge.

Derived from Greek word ethos- conscience

Ethics excludes positive revelation of the Old and NewTestaments as source of its moral knowledge andguidance.

Ethics is concerned with norms, mores or traditions andprinciples of behavior insofar as these principles areknown by reason.


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Mans Natural EndOnce a person reaches maturity, he faces a question forhimself: What should I do with my life? What is mypurpose in life?

Thus, his actions are all directed to his goal, his purpose,his end.

Human actions are characteristically an action for an end.

The principle of human acts is the end, goal or purpose.

If no good (real or apparent) is known by reason, nohuman act is performed


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The will is a blind faculty no desire unless thereason shows there is something desirable

Nothing enters the mind without passing firstthrough the senses. Aristotle

* mans action is good if it leads him to his end andbad if it drives him away from his ultimate end.

2 kinds of good

Apparent Good

Real Good


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Attainment of the goal or end- the ultimate endnecessitates acts.

The ultimate end is a fixed principle but the variousmeans to attain it is not . God is the ultimate end ofman

Freedom of Choice applies to these means.

Morally good acts are those which are suitable to theattainment of the end.

Morally bad acts are those unsuitable to theattainment of ultimate end.


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Moral Theology presupposes Ethics and addsanother dimension.

Revelation- the medium of knowledge is reason

enlightened by faith.

Catholic moral teaching is based on Revelation,Scriptures and traditions.

Revelation is left to the care of the Church and not on

ones private interpretation.


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Human Acts

- actions that are free and deliberate

- those that proceeds from the free and concious acts of man

- act that is always done for a purpose

- an act that after few deliberation is performed withknowledge of the end and consent of the will

Only for human act a person a person is either praised orblamed

- - acts that are proper to man as man

- - acts internal or external, bodily or spiritually performed by ahuman being


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ACTS OF MAN

- ACTS THAT MAN PERFORM INDELIBERATELY OR

WITHOUT ADVERTENCE- mans animal act of sensation (use of senses) and

appetition ( bodily tendencies)


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- acts done abstractedly or with complete inadvertence

- acts performed in infancy, infirmity of the mind or the

weakness of senility- acts done in sleep, in delirium, in the state of

unconsciousness

Principles of Human Acts

1. Every human act is always done for a purpose.

2. Only by human acts are people praised or blamed.

3. Acts of man may become human acts by knowledge

and consent of the human agent.

4. Human acts tend to repeat themselves forming habits.


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Identify whether the ff are Human or Acts of Man

1. smiling at someone for whom I feel antipathy

2. listening to soothing music 3. hearing noises in the corridor

4. a woman scream while watching a suspense film

5. studying for the monthly exam

6. putting on sudden breaks upon seeing a child about tocross the street

7. walking briskly to tone up good circulation

8. sneezing after smelling the newly painted wall

9. batting an eye to off set the dust 10.eavesdropping on the party line


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CONSTITUENTS OR ELEMENTS OF HUMAN ACTS

KNOWLEDGE

_ product of the mind after due intellection

_ proceeds from the deliberate will

Kinds of KnowledgeAbstract- purely speculative, knowledge that is not

enough for morals

_ it will lead to split level Christianity or to legalism


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_ Oftentimes children and students are guilty ofthis

_ Religion and moral values are learned

without appreciating it B. Evaluative knowledge

_ knowledge applied or knowledge ofappreciation is required

_ what is objectively true must besubjectively true and meaningful for me


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_ True education aims at the formation of the humanperson with respect to his ultimate goal and simultaneouslywith respect to the good of the society of which he is amember and in whose responsibilities as an adult he has toshare

Evaluative and Speculative Knowledge

1. learning formulas in chemistry2. sightseeing through a catalogue

3. discussing Principles in Professional Ethics

4. watching how to cook in a television show

5. facing the truth of a painful experience.


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MODIFIERS OF HUMAN ACTS

A. IGNORANCE

_ the absence of knowledge

_ is the absence of knowledge that ought to bethere ( privative)

_ the absence of intellectual knowledge in man (negative)

_ negation of knowledge


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Kinds of Ignorance

A. Ignorance in its Object

- Ignorance of the Law is the ignorance in the

existence of a duty, rule or regulation

ex. A young freshman comes to class with fever to

take an exam in chem not knowing that a memo

has been passed prohibiting anyone to attend hisclass with symptoms manifesting AH1N1


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2. Ignorance of Fact ignorance of nature orcircumstances of an act as forbiddenex. Pedestrian violates law not knowing that theunderpass is in use already

B. Ignorance in its Subject1. Vincible Ignorance (Conquerable Ignorance)- ignorance that can be supplanted by knowledgeby the use of ordinary diligence- ignorance is due to lack of proper diligence.


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Kinds of vincible ignorance

1.1 Simply vincible- some effort has been done but notenough to dispel the ignorance

1.2 Crass or Supine- result of total or nearly lack of effort todispel it

1.3 Affected- if positive effort has been done to retain theignorance.

Past actions cannot be judged with present knowledge


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2. Invincible Ignorance- ignorance that ordinary and

proper diligence cannot dispel.

this is attributable to 2 causes;

(a) the person has no realization of his lack of

knowledge

(b) the person who realizes his ignorance finds his

effort ineffective


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C. IGNORANCE IN ITS Result

1. Antecedent Ignorance that which precedes all consentof the will

ex. The chef served a poisonous mushroom not knowingthat it can cause the death of its customers

2. Concomitant - accompanies an act that would have beenperformed even if the ignorance did not exist.

ex.A nominal Catholic misses Sunday mass but if even if he

knows, he will still miss it.

3. Consequent- that which follows upon the act of the will

ex. A Catholic suspects that it is a day of obligation butdeliberately refrain from making sure, and does not attend

the mass.


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PRINCIPLES

1. Invincible ignorance destroys the voluntariness of

the act

2. Vincible Ignorance does not destroy the

voluntariness of an act

3. Vincible Ignorance lessens the voluntariness

4. Affected ignorance is one way lessens and inanother way increase voluntariness


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ll. ERROR- state of beleiving what is not true

Like ignorance is a privation of right knowledge andtrue insight due to false opinions and convictionsbecause of deficient education, influence of badcompany, reading of misleading books and papers,insidous influence of mass Media.

Error is positive ignorance. We all need erasers toour pencils.Principle of error follow Principle of

Ignorance

lll. Inattention momentary deprivation of knowledge


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Although his freedom is limited , he is free in hischoices

His freedom lies on the fact that once he made adecision no one can make him change his mind

When he chooses no power whatsoever can forcehim to change his choice(dignity of man)

He can be enticed, induced, persuaded but neverforced.

His choice is not on his natural end but is freedetermine himself towards the end and means toattain it


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Kinds of Freedom

1. Physical- freedom from any want of physical bond. It is

anything that exists physically that control our actions.

ex. Freedom of speech- the ability to say privately andpublicly what one thinks and believes. When somebody

prevents as to say what we think of them- that

somebody becomes the physical bond to our physical

freedom.2. Psychological- is the freedom from any inner forces or

inner bonds.


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Ex. Freedom to think what we really want and notaccepting decisions from others. Brain washing isagainst this kind of freedom because we are forcedto do something which is against our will andconscience.

3. Moral- the ability to choose between right andwrong and tell the difference between good and evil

C. Obstacles1. Sociological- those that involve evolution andphenomena of human society.


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Includes customs, human traits and social

ex. Superstition

2. Psychological- the tendency of being to act in response

to any given situation, whether referred to the well-beingof the organism or not. It may rise the outside which isperceived by the senses.

ex. Habit like drinking, smoking and vices like women

4.Pathological- the person possesses some kind of a disease


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Ex. Disease: psychosis or psycopathy which is the

ailment due to the damage of the tissues of the

brain, mental and nervous disorder etc.

IMPAIRMENTS OR OBSTACLES TO FREEDOM

PASSION- it is a movement of the appetite which is

produced by good or evil as apprehended by the

imagination

2 classes of passion


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a. Concupiscible - instinctive passion or developed

passions- joy, sadness, desire, aversion, love and

hatred regulated by Temperance

b. Irascible- aggressive or easily provoked

Ex. Hope, desire, courage, fear, anger- regulated by

Fortitude

-Movements of the passions are frequently calledfeelings esp. if not vehement


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-Concupiscense has no connotation of evil. Man hasendowed man with these appetites, which pervades hiswhole sensitive life. They are instruments for the self-preservation of the individual.

- A man without them would be in no capacity for self-defense, growth and improvement

- Passions becomes destructive & evil if their force is notcontrolled by reason.


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- The whole process of moral education, both in the

early & in the maturer years of his life is a process of

gaining command over all the movements of the

passions. Eventually man becomes the passions ofhimself.

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PD 1st part ppt