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1Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
PCI Bus Variants
PCI Bus VariantsPCI-X BusPCI Express BusVariants for Portable ComputersVariants for Industrial Systems
10/31/2013
2
Variants for Portable Computers
Variants for Portable ComputersMini PCI PCMCIA Standards CardBusExpressCard
10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
3Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
Mini PCI (1)
Specifications added to PCI version 2.2 Standard for peripherals of mobile devices: modems, network cards, sound cards, disk controllers, cryptographic accelerators Defines an expansion card with small size → functionally equivalent to a common PCI card Uses a 32-bit, 33-MHz PCI bus
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4Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
Mini PCI (2)
Power connections: 3.3 V Maximum power consumption of the cards: 2 W The additional CLKRUN# signal has been included
Enables to start and stop the bus clock for power management purposes
Form factors: Type I, Type II, Type III
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5Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
Mini PCI (3)
Type I: 70 x 45 mm, height of 5.5 or 7.5 mm
Stacking connector, 100 pins Type II: 78 x 45 mm, height of 5.5 or 17.5 mm
Stacking connector, 100 pins Have RJ11 or RJ45 connectors mounted
Type III: 60 x 50 mm, height of 2.4 mm Edge connector, 124 pins
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6Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
Mini PCI (4)
Mini PCI Express (Mini PCIe) Based on the PCIe bus (x1) Reduced size: 30 x 51 mm Half-length card: 30 x 27 mm Edge connector, 52 pins Connections for the SMBus and USB 2.0 buses, LEDs, SIM card (GSM applications) Extension for another PCIe lane Power connections: 1.5 V and 3.3 V
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7Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
Mini PCI (5)
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8Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
Variants for Portable Computers
Variants for Portable ComputersMini PCIPCMCIA Standards CardBusExpressCard
10/31/2013
9Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
PCMCIA Standards (1)
Several standards developed by PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card International Association) Compatible with standards developed by JEITA (Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association)
The first standards: PCMCIA 1.0, 2.0, 2.1The succeeding standards: PC Card 5.0, … , PC Card 8.0
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10Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
PCMCIA Standards (2)
Initially, the standards have been developed only for memoriesLater on, the standards have been extended for various peripheralsThe expansion cards can be inserted and removed during operationThe first cards: PC Card no longer used
Interface based on the ISA bus (16 bits)
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11Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
PCMCIA Standards (3)
Example applicationsMemory card adapters (SD, MMC, CompactFlash, MemoryStick, etc.)Ethernet network adaptersWireless network adaptersDigital camerasGPS (Global Positioning System) cardsSecurity devicesHard disk drives
10/31/2013
12Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
Variants for Portable Computers
Variants for Portable ComputersMini PCIPCMCIA Standards CardBusExpressCard
10/31/2013
13Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
CardBus (1)
Expansion cards introduced in version 5.0 of the PC Card standard Based on the PCI bus
Functionally equivalent to a 32-bit PCI system (33 MHz)
Improvements to PC Card:The possibility of bus mastering DMALower voltage (3.3 V)A new digital audio mode using pulse width modulation (PWM)
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14Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
CardBus (2)
The software architecture is the same as for PC Card
Socket ServicesCard Services
CardBus cards must consume a limited current until they are configured
Read the information from the CIS (Card Information Structure)Determine the voltage and electrical protocol needed
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15Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
CardBus (3)
The possibility of multi-function cards (up to 8 functions) 68-pin connector (2 x 34)Card dimensions: 85.6 x 54 mmThree card types, based on their thickness:
Type I: 3.3 mm memoriesType II: 5 mm various peripheralsType III: 10.5 mm hard drives
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16Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
CardBus (4)
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17Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
Variants for Portable Computers
Variants for Portable ComputersMini PCIPCMCIA Standards CardBusExpressCard
10/31/2013
18Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
ExpressCard (1)
Replaced the CardBus cardsHigher performanceSmaller sizeLower costs
Uses the PCI Express or USB serial busEliminates the CardBus controller
Direct connections to PCI Express or USB ports of the computer
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19Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
ExpressCard (2)
ExpressCard modulesLength of 75 mm, thickness of 5 mmExpressCard/34: width of 34 mmExpressCard/54: width of 54 mm
For both module types, the same connector is used 26 pins
Blade contacts located on the ExpressCard module Designed for high reliability and durability
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20Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
ExpressCard (3)
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21Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
ExpressCard (4)
The interfacePCI Express: one lane (x1); 2.5 Gbits/s in both directionsUSB: the speeds defined by the USB 2.0 specification (1.5 Mbits/s; 12 Mbits/s; 480 Mbits/s)A module may use one or both interfacesTwo signals for an SMBus (System Management Bus) serial bus
10/31/2013
22Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
ExpressCard (5)
Other featuresThe possibility to insert and remove the modules during operation (“hot plug”)Uses the auto-detection and configuration capabilities of PCI Express and USB busesModules can be placed in very low power states detect and respond to wakeup requests
10/31/2013
23Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
PCI Bus Variants
PCI Bus VariantsPCI-X BusPCI Express BusVariants for Portable ComputersVariants for Industrial Systems
10/31/2013
24Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
Variants for Industrial Systems
Variants for Industrial SystemsPCI-104PCI/104-Express and PCIe/104PMC Mezzanine CardXMC Mezzanine CardCompactPCI
10/31/2013
25Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
Variants for Industrial Systems (1)
Applications: military, telecommunications, automationRequirements: reliability, simple maintenanceDesktop computers:
Expansion cards inserted in connectors with blades Active backplanes are used
In an industrial or military environment, the backplane is exposed to mechanical stress
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26Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
Variants for Industrial Systems (2)
High reliability:Connectors with metallic pins and socketsFront panels for fastening, guidance Passive backplanes – only connectors
Simple maintenance:Short time required for repairs – failures of passive backplanes are rareSimple board replacement
Commonly, the VME bus is used10/31/2013
27Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
Variants for Industrial Systems
Variants for Industrial SystemsPCI-104PCI/104-Express and PCIe/104PMC Mezzanine CardXMC Mezzanine CardCompactPCI
10/31/2013
28Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
PCI-104 (1)
Standard developed by the PC/104 Consortium, www.pc104.orgIntended for systems operating in industrial environmentsSpecifies a board with dimensions of 90 x 96 mm that uses the PCI busBased on the previous PC/104 and PC/104-Plus standards
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29Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
PCI-104 (2)
PC/104 The ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) bus has been used
PC/104-Plus A connector for the PCI bus (32 bits, 33 MHz) has been added
PCI-104 boards contain only the PCI connectorSeveral PCI-104 boards can be stacked together to build more complex systems
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30Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
PCI-104 (3)
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31Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
PCI-104 (4)
A stack of boards must contain at least one CPU board
The stack may contain PC/104, PC/104-Plus, and PCI-104 boardsMaximum 4 peripheral boards due to PCI specifications Peripheral PC/104-Plus and PCI-104 boards must connect to the same side of the CPU board
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32Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
PCI-104 (5)
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33Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
PCI-104 (6)
Advantages:Compact sizeHigh-reliability connectors → metallic pins and sockets
Applications:Communication equipmentsMedical instrumentsIndustrial control systemsRobotics
10/31/2013
34Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
Variants for Industrial Systems
Variants for Industrial SystemsPCI-104PCI/104-Express and PCIe/104PMC Mezzanine CardXMC Mezzanine CardCompactPCI
10/31/2013
35Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
PCI/104-Express and PCIe/104 (1)
Specifications developed by the PC/104 ConsortiumPCI/104-Express
One PCIe bus (x16) and one PCI bus PCIe/104
Does not contain the PCI busTwo types for the PCIe/104 boards: Type 1 and Type 2
10/31/2013
36Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
PCI/104-Express and PCIe/104 (2)
Common features of Type 1 and Type 2Four x1 PCIe linksTwo USB 2.0 interfacesPower signals: +3.3 V; +5 V; +12 VSMBus
Type 1One x16 PCIe link may be configured as two x8 PCIe links or two x4 PCIe links
10/31/2013
37Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
PCI/104-Express and PCIe/104 (3)
Type 2Two x4 PCIe linksTwo USB 3.0 interfacesTwo SATA (Serial ATA) interfacesLPC (Low Pin Count) bus connecting low-speed peripherals to the CPU Battery for a real-time clock (RTC)
PCIe x1, PCIe x4, or USB 2.0 peripheral boards can plug into either CPU boards
10/31/2013
38Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
Variants for Industrial Systems
Variants for Industrial SystemsPCI-104PCI/104-Express and PCIe/104PMC Mezzanine CardXMC Mezzanine CardCompactPCI
10/31/2013
39Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
PMC Mezzanine Card (1)
Placed in a plane parallel to the motherboardDoes not need an additional connector on the motherboardThe aim:
Extending the functions of the motherboard when there is not enough spaceExtending a motherboard with specific I/O functions
The Common Mezzanine Card (CMC) standard, IEEE 1386
For the VME, Multibus II buses10/31/2013
40Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
PMC Mezzanine Card (2)
Includes the standard for the PCI Mezzanine Card (PMC), IEEE 1386.1
PMC specifies a PCI card connected to a CPU card (usually, VME)
A double PMC card or two single PMC cards can be attached in parallel to a VME cardThe PMC cards allow a configuration requiring reduced space The VME bus is not replaced
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Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3) 41
PMC Mezzanine Card (3)
PMC cards mounted on a VME64 card10/31/2013
42Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
PMC Mezzanine Card (4)
Mezzanine connectorsUp to four connectors on a PMC cardThe most used: 64-pin connectorsP1 and P2: 32-bit PCI signalsP3: 64-bit PCI signalsP4 (optional): I/O signals
Kinds of PMC mezzanine cardsProcessors; graphics cards; memory cards; I/O interface cards
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Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3) 43
PMC Mezzanine Card (5)
PMC graphics card© Concurrent Technologies Plc, Concurrent Technologies Inc.
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44Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
Variants for Industrial Systems
Variants for Industrial SystemsPCI-104PCI/104-Express and PCIe/104PMC Mezzanine CardXMC Mezzanine CardCompactPCI
10/31/2013
45Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
XMC Mezzanine Card (1)
Standard developed by VITA (VME International Trade Association)
VITA 42.0 standard: base specificationThe mezzanine PMC card is extended with new connectors for serial interfaces
P11 .. P14: same connectors as the P1 .. P4 connectors of the PMC mezzanine cardP15, P16: high-density connectors (114 pins) for serial interconnections
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46Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
XMC Mezzanine Card (2)
The P15, P16 connectors contain:Pins for 10 differential signal pairs for each direction
The P16 connector also contains user-defined I/O pins various interfacesThe base specification does not indicate protocols, signal types, voltage levels
VITA 42.3: PCI ExpressVITA 42.4: HyperTransport
10/31/2013
47Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
Variants for Industrial Systems
Variants for Industrial SystemsPCI-104PCI/104-Express and PCIe/104PMC Mezzanine CardXMC Mezzanine CardCompactPCI
10/31/2013
48Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
CompactPCI (1)
Standard developed by the PICMG group (PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group), www.picmg.org Intended to replace the VME bus with the PCI bus
Most of the industrial applications employed the VME bus
The Eurocard form factor has been combined with the PCI bus → open industrial standard
10/31/2013
49Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
CompactPCI (2)
A 32-bit or a 64-bit PCI bus may be used 3U Eurocard boards:
One connector for the 32-bit PCI bus (J1)An optional connector (J2) for the 64-bit PCI bus or user-defined I/O pins
6U Eurocard boards: J1 and J2 connectors Up to three additional connectors for I/O pins
10/31/2013
50Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
CompactPCI (3)
Up to 7 expansion boards may be connected, without using a bridge
High-quality connectors: pins-and-sockets, 110 pins, 2 mm stepA large number of ground pins
The boards are typically interconnected via a passive backplane
Retained on all sides Oriented vertically
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51Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
CompactPCI (4)
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52Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
CompactPCI (5)
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53Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
CompactPCI (6)
Extensions of the CompactPCI standardPICMG 2.1
Support for board insertion and removal during operation (Hot Swap)
PICMG 2.5Computer telephony applicationsAuxiliary bus for TDM (Time Domain Multiplex) data transfer
PICMG 2.16Inter-module communication via Ethernet
10/31/2013
54Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
CompactPCI (7)
CompactPCI Express: uses one PCIe bus CompactPCI Serial
Star topology: serial point-to-point connectionsOne system board, up to 8 peripheral boards New connectors for high data rates PCIe bus: up to 16 lanes Serial ATA (SATA) interface USB interface: 2.0 or 3.0 Ethernet interface: 10 Gbits/s
10/31/2013
55Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
CompactPCI (8)
Advantages:The same chips and software modules are used as for the desktop PCI (PCIe) systemsThe PCI (PCIe) chips have low cost
Applications: Industrial automation Real-time control and data acquisition systems Military systems
10/31/2013
56Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
Summary (1)
Mini PCI and CardBus expansion cards use a parallel PCI bus (32 bits)Mini PCI Express cards have replaced the parallel PCI bus with the serial PCI busExpress Card has replaced CardBus
The cards may use the PCIe or USB busThe boards for industrial systems must have high reliability and must enable simple maintenance
10/31/2013
57Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
Summary (2)
The PCI-104 and PCIe/104 boards have compact size and may be stacked without a backplaneThe PMC and XMC mezzanine cards enable a simple and efficient expansion of a CPU cardThe CompactPCI boards allow to replace the VME bus with the PCI bus
Use the standard Eurocard formatThe CompactPCI Serial boards can use various types of serial interfaces
10/31/2013
58Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
Concepts, Knowledge
Features of Mini PCIFeatures of Mini PCI ExpressFeatures of CardBusAdvantages of ExpressCardFeatures of ExpressCardFeatures of PCI-104 boardsFeatures of PMC and XMC mezzanine cardsFeatures of CompactPCI boardsFeatures of CompactPCI Serial boards
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59Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
Questions
1. What are the main features of ExpressCard modules?
2. What are the main requirements of systems intended for industrial applications?
3. What are the techniques used by CompactPCI cards to increase the number of cards connected to the backplane?
10/31/2013