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Payment Under Health Reform
Opportunities and Outlook for
Community Health Worker Programs
SIM Emerging Professions Learning Community
December 2, 2015
Joan Cleary, M.M., Executive Director
Minnesota Community Health Worker Alliance
Presentation Outline
• Background and Context
• Current Payment
• Payment Models
• Considerations
About the Alliance
We’re a broad-based partnership of CHWs and stakeholder organizations, governed by a voluntary nonprofit board.
\
www.mnCHWalliance.org
Our Vision Equitable and optimal health outcomes for all communities
Our Mission
Build community and systems’ capacity for better health through the integration of community health worker strategies
What are we trying to accomplish?
Adapted from NM Department of Public Health presentation
FullIntegration
of CHWs in MNSystems of
Care
ReduceHealth
Inequalities
AdvanceTriple Aim
CHW Definition
A Community Health Worker (CHW) is a trusted frontline health professional who applies his or her training and unique understanding of the experience, language and/or culture of the populations he or she serves in order to carry out one or more of the following roles:
•Providing culturally-appropriate health education, information and outreach in a variety of settings such as homes, clinics, hospitals, schools, shelters, local businesses, and community centers;
•Bridging/culturally mediating between individuals, communities and health and human services, including actively building individual and community capacity;
•Assuring that people access the services they need;
•Providing direct services, such as informal counseling, social support, care coordination and health screening; and
•Advocating for individual and community needs.
American Public Health Association Community Health Worker Definition
“A community health worker (CHW) is a trusted publichealth worker who is a member of and/or has an unusually close understanding of the community served. This trusting relationship enables the CHW to serve as a liaison/link/intermediary between health/social services and the community to facilitate access to services and improve the quality and cultural competence of service delivery.
A CHW also builds individual and community capacity by increasing health knowledge and self-sufficiency througha range of activities such as outreach, community education, informal counseling, social support and
advocacy.”
Who is a CHW?
Adapted discussion tool used with permission by the CHW Initiative of Sonoma County, CA.
CHWs are uniquely equipped to advance health equity and the Triple Aim
Reducing Ethnic/Racial Asthma Disparities in Youth (READY) For more information, visit: successwithchws.org/asthma
They typically reside in the communities they serve, and share the same language; ethnic, cultural and educational background; and/or life experience.
Adapted from NM Department of Public Health presentation
An Emerging Workforce
Adapted from NM Department of Public Health presentation.
Tribal CHRs
Lay Health Advisors
Promotores(as)
Patient Navigators
Community Health Advocates
CHWs
Community Educators
Care Guides
Outreach Workers
Recognized by Leading Public and Private Authorities
• American Public Health Association (APHA)
• Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
• Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)
• Community Preventive Services Task Force
• Health Affairs
• Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)
• Institute of Medicine (IOM)
• Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER)
• U.S. Dept. of Labor Standard Occupational Classification (DOL)
What are We Learning from Recent CHW Studies on Return on Investment?
3 1Net Return
Carl Rush, “CHWs: A National Perspective,” Indiana CHW Coalition Community Symposium, 10/15/2012
Minnesota CHW Building Blocks
Scope of Practice
Statewide Standardized Competency Based
Curriculum
Payments UnderMinnesota Health Care
Programs
Current CHW Coverage under Minnesota Health Care Programs (MHCP)
• Specific to diagnostic-related patient education services
• Face-to-face services, individual and group, FFS & PMAP
• Signed order for patient education in patient record
• Standardized patient education curriculum consistent with established or recognized health or dental care standards
• Provide service with clinical supervision in clinical setting, home or community; document services provided
• Alliance & partners seeking coverage improvements in follow-up to 2007 statute; monthly cap raised to 12 hrs/mo and increase in group size for patient education expected in 2016
• For more on coverage, contact: [email protected]
• Visit: http://successwithchws.org/mental-health/2014/12/23/community-health-worker-enrollment-coverage-and-payment-under-minnesota-health-care-programs/
Provider types authorized to bill for CHW services under MHCP
• Advance Practice Nurses
• Certified Public Health Nurses in a unit of government
• Clinics
• Dentists
• Family Planning Agencies
• Hospitals
• IHS and Tribal Health Facilities
• Mental Health Professionals
• Physicians
Strengths
• Includes both 1:1 and group education
• Covers patient education in different settings including home and community
• Allows many provider types to order and supervise CHW services
• Benefit for both FFS and managed care enrollees
• MN is one of only several states with Medicaid coverage of CHW services through a state plan amendment
Limitations
• Covers single function of broader CHW role
• Monthly cap
• Rate
• Encounter-based
• Leaves out FQHCs and community-based CHW employers
Provider Experience
• Where CHW programs are seeded in provider organizations, they take root and often grow (e.g. HCMC, HealthEast)
• Many Medicaid-eligible CHW employers are not as yet using MHCP funding for a variety of reasons
• Challenges with both FFS and managed care claims payment
• Current coverage does not support CHW services provided by FQHCs and community-based CHW employers
National Trends: Growing interest in CHW Workforce and Sustainable Financing
Federal Level:
• CMS Work Group on CHW Care Coordination
• CMS rule change proposed in May 2015: CHW services may be counted as cost of “quality improvement” or “cost control” efforts and therefore not administrative
State Level:
• FL, ME, MA, MI, MD, OR, NV, SC, TX, VT, UT
For more info:
• State Reforum website: https://www.statereforum.org/weekly-insight/community-health-workers-in-a-reformed-healthcare-system
• National Academy for State Health Policy website for national map of state CHW models including financing and legislation: http://www.nashp.org/state-community-health-worker-models/
State Spotlight: Michigan Medicaid
• Contractor must provide or arrange for the provision of CHW or peer support specialist services to enrollees who have significant behavioral health issues and complex physical co-morbidities who will engage with and benefit from these services
• Contractor agrees to establish a reimbursement methodology for outreach, engagement, education and coordination services provided by CHWs or peer support specialists to promote behavioral health integration
• Contractor must maintain a CHW to Enrollee ratio of at least one FT CHW per 20,000 Enrollees
State Spotlight: NM Medicaid
• Medicaid contracts must encourage use of CHWs for care coordination
• MCO contractors required to describe CHW role in providing patient education
• MCO contractors must include CHW services in list of services in Medicaid benefit package
• CHW care coordination services are factored into the cost of services
• State has waiver to cover CHW care coordination
Examples of Evidence-based CHW Models
• Molina Health, New MexicoReduced ER utilization
• Pathways Community HUB, Ohio and under replication Improved birth outcomes, chronic conditions & other benefits
• Sinai Pediatric Asthma Intervention, IllinoisImproved child asthma management, reduction in asthma symptoms and ER use
• GRACE Model, Indiana, and IMPaCT, University of PennsylvaniaReduction in hospital readmission rates and improved post-hospital outcomes
• Arkansas Community Connectors ProgramAverted nursing home placement
Payment ModelsHigher Risk – Greater Provider Integration and Accountability
Accountable Care Models
• Capitation and PBC
• Shared Risk
• Shared Savings
Centers of Excellence
• Bundled/Episode Payments
Performance-Based Arrangements
• Performance-Based Contracts (PBC)
• Primary Care Incentives
• FFS
“Are we there yet?”
Payment reform + transformation in health systems20th c health system will not get us there…CHW services integral to culturally-competent, equitable and accountable health model
Bridging Strategy
Community Health Worker
programs need to work in a
variety of financing contexts.
Shreya Kangovi, MD, MS
U Penn Center for CHWs
Next Steps
(1) Seek coverage for CHW Care Coordination
• Statutory authority
• Major CHW function and core competency
• Strong interest by CHW employers
• Opportunity to move away from encounter-based payment
• Door is open
(2) Improve CHW enrollment process and claims payment
(3) Create CHW Awareness Campaign
(4) Launch CHW Leadership Development Pilot
Challenges and OpportunitiesDrivers of CHW Integration
• Increasingly diverse and rapidly aging population
• ACA increasing access to thousands of previously uninsured with projected primary care shortage
• Focus on Triple Aim and team-based care
• Payment shift from fee-for-service to value-based purchasing and total cost of care
• Incentives and penalties under health reform
• Greater emphasis on performance measurement and reporting by race, ethnicity, preferred language and country of origin, statewide and by region
• Health equity growing in priority
• Recognition of the impact of social determinants of health
CHWs Address the Social Determinants of Health
Adapted from Dahlgren and Whitehead, 1991
For more information, please contact
Joan Cleary, M.M., Executive Director
Minnesota Community Health Worker Alliance
www.mnCHWalliance.org
www.successwithCHWs.org/asthma
www.successwithCHWs.org/mental-health
Thank you!