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The Basics
Pax Romana
• Latin for “Roman Peace”
• 27 BCE-180 CE
• 200 years of peace and great achievement in the Roman Empire
• the Golden Age of Rome
The Background
Julius Caesar
• 59-51 BCE conquered Gaul (France)• Became a famous military hero in Rome• 49 BCE “Crossed the Rubicon”– crossed the Rubicon River with his army & entered the city of Rome--fought for 5 years against the rest of the Roman army civil war -war between people in the same country
The Background
Julius Caesar 49 BCE made himself dictator of Rome
dictator- a single ruler with absolute power
By doing this...
Caesar created the Roman EmpireEmpire- a collection of regions and people led by a ruler
with absolute power
March 15, 44 BCE—
Killed on the Senate floor by 2 unhappy senators,Brutus & Cassius
The Background
Caesar’s nephew took over
Augustus CaesarWon a famous battle--Battle of Actium,31 BCE
-defeated his sworn enemy, Marc Antony-added Egypt to the Roman Empire-became very popular in Rome
The Senate made him dictator for 10 years
-Augustus stayed in power for over 40 yrs.-every leader after Augustus was called an
Emperor
Under Augustus, Rome went from Republic to Empire
Pax Romana
The Pax Romana started under Augustus (27 BCE-180 CE)Augustus….
• brought Roman justice and laws to all provinces• built a huge army to protect Roman borders from
invasion• united Roman people under one leader• Romans could concentrate on art, architecture,
technology, literature, etc
“Augustus found Rome built of brick, and left it built of marble.”
Technology
Transportation system connected all parts of the empire
Roman roads & aqueducts --bridge-like structures that carry water by using gravity allowed people, armies, and trade caravans to travel
quickly through empire
Architecture
• Rome borrowed Greek columns and building designs
• Added arches and domes to post and beam architecture
Art
Rome borrowed Greek ideas of beauty and realism
Took realism further by making people look really real, not just perfect and beautiful