PAVEMENT AND CURB MARKINGS

Done by:Abdullah Eawada

Mohammed Habboub

Presented to: Dr. Esam Almasri

Why Using Pavement Markings?

“Pavement markings can enhance safety since centerlines have been shown to cut crash frequency by 29% compared to

roads without them”Wisconsin Transportation Bulletin • No. 9

Limitation VS. Advantages

Limitations:1. Obliterated by snow 2. Not clearly visible when wet3. Not very durable under heavy traffic 4. Need refreshment every year or more

Advantages: 5. conveying information to drivers without

diverting their attention from the road.6. Inexpensive

Markings Standards:

Markings that must be visible at night shall be retroreflective In any case, all markings on Interstate highways shall be retroreflective.Markings must be clear

Markings Colors:

White

Yellow

Red:Raised pavement markings

Blue

Purple : For toll plaza

Markings Categories:LongitudinalTransverse

I) Longitudinal Lines:A. YellowB. White

A. Yellow Lines: Center Line No-Passing Zone Other

Yellow Center Line Pavement Markings Warrants

It used to delineate the separation of traffic lanes that have opposite directions of travel on a roadway

Yellow center Line could be:

A normal broken yellow line … crossing the center line markings is permitted.

A broken line is formed of segments and gaps, usually in the ratio of 1:3.

Yellow center Line could be:

One-direction no-passing zone … crossing the center line markings for passing with care is permitted for the traffic traveling adjacent to the broken line, but is prohibited for traffic traveling adjacent to the solid

Yellow center Line could be:

Two-direction no-passing zone… crossing the center line markings for passing is prohibited for traffic traveling in either directions.

Yellow center Line should be placed in:

Urban arterials and collectors that is: 20 feet or more in width and ADT of 6,000 vehicles per day or greater.

All rural arterials and collectors that is: 18 feet or more in width and ADT of 3,000 vehicles per day or greater.

All two-way streets or highways that have three or more lanes.

Other Yellow Line Type:

If reversible lanes :consist of a normal broken double yellow line to delineate the edge of a lane in which the direction of travel is reversed from time to time.

B. White Lines:

White normal broken line

Used on all roadways that are intended to operate with two or more adjacent traffic lanes in the same direction of travel

White dotted line

Used to separate a through lane that is :1. A deceleration or acceleration lane.2. A through lane that becomes a mandatory

exit or turn lane.

They have noticeably shorter segments: for example, a 2’ line and a 2’ to 6’ gap.

Dotted Deceleration

A. ParallelB. Tapered

Dotted deceleration

C. Parallel with multilane

Dotted Acceleration

A. ParallelB. Tapered

Dotted Acceleration

C. Tapered

Wide dotted white lane line

It is used:1. As a lane drop marking in advance of lane

drops at exit ramps to distinguish a lane drop from a normal exit ramp.

Lane drop as a single lane exit ramp

Lane drop as a Multi- lane exit ramp

Two-Lane drop at an exit ramp

Wide dotted white lane line

It is used:2. In advance of freeway route splits with

dedicated lanes

Rout split with dedicated lanes

Wide dotted white lane line

It is used:3. To separate a through lane that continues

beyond an interchange from an adjacent.Or An Auxiliary lane between an entrance ramp

and an exit ramp

Cloverleaf interchange

Wide dotted white lane line

It is used:4. As a lane drop marking in advance of lane

drops at intersections to distinguish a lane drop from an intersection through lane

Lane drop at intersection

Wide dotted white lane line

It is used:5. To separate a through lane that continues

beyond an intersection from an adjacent auxiliary lane between two intersections

Auxiliary lane between intersections

Through Intersections MarkingsA. WhiteB. Yellow

Wide dotted white lane line

It may be used:6. Through intersections. Where greater

restriction is required, solid lane lines or channelizing lines should be extended into or continued through intersections or major driveways.

Lane-Reduction Transition Markings

A. WhiteB. Yellow

Lane-Reduction Transition Markings

Used to guide traffic through transition areas where the number of through lanes is reduced

Approach Markings for ObstructionsA. WhiteB. Yellow

Approach Markings for Obstructions

Used to guide traffic away from fixed obstructions within a paved roadway.

A. Center of two-Lane Road

B. Center of a four road

C. Through the same direction lane

II) Transverse Markings

Stop and Yield Lines Crosswalk Markings Parking Space Markings Pavement Word, Symbol, and

Arrow Markings

Because of the low approach angle at which pavement markings are viewed, transverse lines should be proportioned to provide visibility at least equal to that of longitudinal lines.

Yield Lines

Used to indicate the point behind which vehicles are required to yield in compliance with a traffic control signal, as a YIELD sign.

Cross Walking style

Staggered stop lines and staggered yield lines provide better sight distance for turning vehicles

Cross Walking in One-Way Road

Parking Space Markings

In general, Parking space markings shall be white but Blue lines may supplement white parking space markings of each parking space designated for use only by persons with disabilities.

Disabilities Parking

Pavement Word, Symbol, and Arrow Markings

Are used for the purpose of guiding, warning, or regulating traffic.

Pavement Word, Symbol, and Arrow Markings

A. Regulatory:STOPYIELD(LEFT) TURN 25 MPH

Pavement Word, Symbol, and Arrow Markings

B. Warning:STOP AHEADYIELD AHEADLane-reduction arrows

C. Guide:Route numbersCardinal directions

Pavement Word, Symbol, and Arrow Markings

Pavement Word, Symbol, and Arrow Markings