Patterns of Nursing Education

SEMINOR ON

PATTERNS OF NURSING EDUCATION

AND

TRAINING PROGRAMMES IN INDIA

SUBMITTED TO

Mrs . SATHYA

M. SC (NURSING)

LECTURER

BCN

SUBMITTED BY

ARUL VIMALA MARY

M.SC (N) I YEAR

BCN

INDEX

S. NO CONTENT PAGE NO

1. INTRODUCTION

2. TERMINOLOGIES

3. DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING EDUCATION IN INDIA

4. NUMBER OF NURSING COURSES IN INDIA TODAY

5. CURRENT EDUCATIONAL PATTERN IN NURSING

6. ASSISTANT NURSE MIDWIFE

7. GENERAL NURSING AND MIDWIFE

8. B. SC (NURSING)

9. POST CERTIFICATE BACHOLER OF NURSING COURSE

10. DEGREE OF MASTER NURSING

11. MASTER OF PHILOSPHY IN NURSING

12. DOCTORATE OF PHILOSPHY IN NURSING

13. NURSE PRACTITIONER PROGRAMS

14. SUMMARY

15. CONCLUSION

16. BIBLIOGRAPHY

PATTERNS OF NURSING EDUCATION

AND

TRAINING PROGRAMMES IN INDIA

INTRODUCTION:

Nursing, a profession that recalls the name of Florence Nightingale is indeed one of the noblest professions in the world. It is the art of caring sick people with the science of health care. It is the vital component of any form of medical care. The largest group of workers in the health sector are those in nursing occupations as nurses and nursing assistants. In a hospital from a general ward to the operating theatre, nursing forms an integral part. This is one of the few domains of work that is almost totally dominated by women.

TERMINOLOGIES:

NURSING:

Nursing is the unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health that he would performed unaided, if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge and to do this in such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible.

EDUCATION:

According to John dewey, Education is the development of all these capacities in the individual which will enable him to control his environment and fulfil his possibilities.

NURSING EDUCATION:

Nursing education is a professional education which is consciously and systematically planned and implemented through instruction and discipline and aims the harmonious development and aesthetic powers.

PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT:

Professional development is the need of competition and knowledge explosion should be explain properly and prepare the student to render professional nursing care in the best or higher possible manner.

PHILOSOPHY:

Philosophy is a search for a comprehensive view of nature an attempt at a universal explanation of things.

- Henderson

NURSING EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA:

The nursing council act came into existence in 1948 to constitute a council of nurses who would safeguard the quality of nursing education in the country. The mandate was establish and maintain uniform standards of nursing education. Today, the nursing education is regulate by Indian nursing council through prescription, inspection, examination, certification and maintaining its stand for a uniform syllabus at each level of nursing education.

BASIC GENERAL NURSING:

1. TRAINING OF DAIS:

The Dai training continued past independence. The goal was to train one Dai in each village and ultimate goal was to train all the practicing Dais in country.

Duration of training was 30 days. No age limit was prescribed, training include theory and practice, more emphasis on field practice. This training was done at sub centre and equipments provided by UNICEF.

2. AUXILLARY NURSE MIDWIFE:

In 1950 Indian Nursing Council came out with some important decisions relating to future patterns of nursing training in India. One of the important decision was that there should be only two standard of training in nursing and midwifery, subsequently the curriculum for those courses were prescribed.

The first course was started at St. Mary’s hospital, Punjab, 1951. Qualification was up to 7 or 8 years of schooling. Training period is 2 years. In 1977, as a result of decision to prepare multipurpose health workers and vocationalization of higher secondary education.

3. LADY HEALTH VISITER COURSE:

Training of these course continued post independence. The syllabus prepared and prescribed by INC in 1951. The entrance qualification was matriculation, duration was 2 1/2 years.

4. GENERAL NURSING AND MIDWIFERY COURSE:

GNM course existed since early years of century. In 1951, syllabus was prescribed by INC. In 1954, public health was integrated into basic nursing course.

5. POST CERTIFICATE SHORT TERM COURSES:

During 1948-50, four nurses were sent to U.K. by Govt of India for mental health nursing diploma. During 1954, Manzil medical health centre, Luck now gave psychiatric nursing education course of 4 to 6 weeks duration. In 1951, a one year course in public health was started at college of nursing, Delhi. Govt of India felt urgent need for psychiatric nurses during 1953-54, this resulted in first organized course at all India Institute of Mental Health.

UNIVERSITY LEVEL PROGRAMMES:

1. BASIC B.SC (NURSING) :

First university programme started just before independence in 1946 at university of Delhi and CMC, Vellore. In 1949, on recommendation of university education committee and education commission (1964-1966) and conference, workshop held by TNAI, The WHO and some more colleges came up in different state affiliated to different university.

2. POST BASIC B. SC (NURSING):

The need for higher training certificate nurses was stressed by the Mud liar committee in 1962. Two year post certificate programme was started in December 1962, for nurses with diploma in general midwifery with minimum 2 years of experience. It was first started in university of Trivandrum.

3. POST BASIC NURSING BY DISTANCE EDUCATION:

In 1985, Indira Gandhi, National open university was established. In 1992 Post Basic B.sc Nursing program was launched, which is three years duration course is recognized by INC.

4. M.SC NURSING:

First two years course in master of nursing was started at RAK College of nursing in 1959 and in 1969 in CMC, Vellore. At present there are many college importing M.sc (N) degree course in different specialities.

5. M. PHIL:

INC felt need for M. Phil programme as early as on 1977, for this purpose committee was appointed. In 1986 one year full time and two years part time programme was started in RAK College of nursing, Delhi.

6. PH.D NURSING:

Indian nurses were sent abroad for Ph.D programme. From 1992 Ph.D in nursing also available in India.

NUMBER OF NURSING COURSES IN INDIA TODAY

1. Basic b.sc (nursing)

2. M.sc nursing

3. General nursing and midwifery course

4. Auxillary nurse midwife

5. Hospital nursing

6. Public health nursing

7. Military nursing

8. Educators

9. Industrial nursing

10. Psychiatric nursing

11. Paediatric nursing

CURRENT EDUCATIONAL PATTERN IN NURSING

AUXILLARY NURSE MIDWIFE (MULTI PURPOSE HEALTH WORKER)

Philosophy:

The syllabus and regulation set forth in this document have been formulated in according with the health needs of the country, basic principles of vocational education and resources actual and potential.

Component:

1. The resource available

2. The commitment of the state registration nursing councils to bring nursing education for health worker in to the main stream of nursing education

3. The philosophy of the institution conducting the health workers training programme

4. Co-operation of the board of secondary education.

Venue:

The training programme for health workers should preferably be conducted in a primary health care, district or Taluk hospital and health institution with facilities for providing greater part of training in rural areas.

Objectives:

1. General objectives:

At the end of training program, the student health worker should demonstrate ability to plan and carry out job responsibilities assigned to him/her under the multipurpose worker scheme.

2. Specific objectives:

Explain the principles of healthful living related to all age groups in the community

Perform basic health care activities in community

Plan carryout nutrition and health care activity in home, clinic and community

Provide basic material and child health care including immunization service and family planning service

Participate in prevention and control of communicable disease

Provide first aid and emergency nursing care

Promote community development activities

Instructional hours:

Total instructional hours for vocational training 1350 hours. 30 hours per week for 45 weeks. For study a vocational subjects and vocation related science subject, include theory, practical supervised fieldwork and training.

Time distribution:

In one week - 30 instructional hours

First week - Orientation

2 to 24 week - Classes

24 to 45 week-Supervised practical

Total-78 weeks

Leave, vacation – 6 weeks

Examination at 30 th week

Administration of school:

Administrative head:

A Principal nursing officer should appointed as an administrative head of the school.

Budget:

Regular budgetary allocation

Transport

Library books and journals

External lectures

Staff:

For 30 students or less than that, teaching class room field,

Principal - 1

Public health nurse - 2

Nursing tutor -2

Senior sanitarian -1

Facilities:

Non teaching staff (cook, cleaner)

Transport facilities

Teaching areas

Clinical facilities and teaching laboratory

Residential facilities

Health and counselling services.

Examination:

The state nursing registration council will conduct all registration examination at the end of 1 ½ years training in the subject wise.

Subjects:

S.no Subjects Hours

SEMESTER – I

1. Anatomy and physiology 90

2. Microbiology 30

3. Fundamentals of nursing 60

4. Child health 60

5. Maternal and family health 30

6. Community health 30

7. Demonstration midwifery 15

8. Midwifery and maternal nursing 60

9. Field/clinical experiences (per week) 40

10. Community health experience 200

11. Hospital nursing experience 120

Total hours – 435 + 320 755

S.no Subjects Hours

SEMESTER - II

1. Psychology 60

2. Sociology 60

3. Nutrition 60

4. First aid and emergency nursing 30

5. Midwifery and maternity nursing 60

6. Family planning and welfare education 30

7. Skills and audio-visual aids 30


9. Hospital institution nursing 100

Total hours – 420 +320 740

SEMESTER – III

1. Health problems and plans 30

2. Nutrition education 30

3. Communicable diseases 90

4. Mental disease and basic medicine 15

5. Pharmacology 210


7. Hospital institutional nursing 100

Total hours – 405 + 320 725

Award of class:

Distinction - above 75 %

First class - 70 to 74.9 %

Second class -60 to 69 %

Third class -50 to 59 %

Eligibility for examination:

Has attended not less than tree fourth of total class for each paper

Has complete the practical training requirement

Record practical experience and signed by head of the school

Has meet the field experience

Certificate will be issued on completion of 18 months of training requirements.

GENERAL NURSING AND MIDWIFE PROGRAMMES

Philosophy:

The international council of nurses states that the unique function of nurse is to assist the individual sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery that he would perform unaided, if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge and to do this in such a way as to hold him, gain independence rapidly as possible.

General objectives:

Demonstrate awareness and skills required in nursing process in the provision of health care

Apply relevant knowledge from the humanities using biological and behavioural sciences

Show sensitivity and skill in human relationships and communication in her daily work

Demonstrate skill in the use of problem solving method

Gain knowledge about health resources

Demonstrate leadership skills

Demonstrate understanding and commitment of professional behaviour

Demonstrate ability to self awareness

Promotion of health, precautions against illness and restoration of health

Setting up of school of nursing:

Minimum requirement:

It should have teaching staff on proportion to number of students and certain physical facilities, laboratories, library and auditorium. Administrative head of the school should be the principal.

Teaching staff:

For school of nursing with 60 students,

*Principal - 1

*Vice-principal – 1

*Tutors – 6

For every addition 10 students there should be one tutor.

Qualification of teaching staff:

A. Principal:

Masters in nursing with a minimum 3 years teaching and administrative experience. If such a candidate is not available. A B. Sc (Nursing) with 5 years teaching and administrative experience.

B. Vice-Principle: Same as Principle qualification

C. Tutors/ clinical instructors:

Masters of nursing if not available, B.Sc/ Post basic B.Sc, even if not available , a candidate with diploma in nursing education and administration or any other equivalent post-basic diploma with 8 years of teaching and administrative experience in nursing.

D. Additional staff:

Stenographer - 1

Cashier, accountant -1

Typist -1

Librarian -1

Assistant librarian -1

Lab attendant -1

Chowkidars -4

Driver -1

Cleaner -1

Peons -3

Sweepers -3

Duplicating machine operator-1

E. Budget:

School should have separate budget, should be the drawing and distributing officer and empowered to plan for operating the funds in all different heads as per governments rules and regulations and as deemed , necessary for running an educational institution.

PHYSICAL FACILITIES:

Class room:

It should be at least four classrooms with a capacity to accommodate the number of students admitted in each class .

Laboratories:

For nursing practice, there should be demonstration room, large enough to accommodate six beds, nutrition lab, community and obstetrical laboratories.

Auditorium:

It should be spacious enough to accommodate large preferably double the number of current strength to have visiting faculty and senior students.

Library:

It should have comfortable seating arrangements for one third of total number of students and staff. It should have proper lighting, heating and cooling arrangements, sufficient number of cupboards and up to date reference book, text books, magazines and news papers.

Examination hall:

It should be able to accommodate the total number of students and proper light, ventilation, seating arrangements.

Office facilities:

In office minimum of six offices for teaching staff with toilet facilities, separate office for office staff and equipment should be adequately furnished.

Other facilities:

Common rooms (minimum three rooms)

Record rooms (stool racks and built in shelves)

Store room

Room for audio-visual aids

Drinking water facilities

Toilet facilities

CLINICAL FACILITIES:

Field practice area:

A well set up field- teaching centre with provision for accommodation for 10 students and two staff members


Arrangement for securing of staff and students

Hospital:

The hospital should be provided all the learning experience required for the student from a school of nursing

There shall be minimum of 150 beds with a daily average turnover of not less than 100 patents and out-door clinics and operating rooms.

HOSTEL FACILITIES:

Bed rooms:

There should preferably be three students in one room with space for each student being 70 square feet carpet area per student. The furniture provided should include separate sleeping , seating and storage arrangement for each student.

Toilet and bath rooms:

This facilities should be provided on each floor at the rate of one bathrooms and one latrine for six students.

Other facilities:

Recreation (indoor and outdoor games)

Visitors room

Kitchen and dining hall

Pantry

Washing and ironing room

Warden

Canteen


Crèche

STUDENTS:

Admission:

Age for entrance shall be 17 years to 35 years for ANM. For ANM/LHV age is relax able up to 35 years, provided they meet the minimum educational requirements 12 years of schooling.

Admission of students shall be once a year

Students should be medically FIT

Vacation and holidays:

Annual vacations 30 days/yr

Sick leave 10 days/yr

Preparatory holiday 7 days/yr

TRAINING PROGRAMME:

Duration: 3 to 3 ½ years

Preliminary period:

Preliminary period of 12 weeks. During this time she will attend the ward for observation and supervised practice not exceeding 16 hours per week.

Year wise distribution of weeks and days are,

I year 42 weeks 250 days

II year 42 weeks 250 days

III year 42 weeks 250 days

Annual hours = 42 x 36 hours = 1500 hours. It is recommended that hours of institution and clinical field experience be divided as follows for each year.

year Instruction – supervised Clinical field

practice (hrs) experience (hrs)

I year 565 935

II year 350 1150

III year 250 1250

Course of instruction and supervised practice:

year subject hours

I Basic science applied to nursing 80

Physics and chemistry 20

microbiology 30

Behavioural science applied to nursing 60

Community health nursing-I 180

Fundamentals of nursing 165

Total 565

II Medical surgical nursing 240

Psychiatric nursing 30

Paediatric nursing 50

Advanced nursing practice 30

Total 350

III Midwifery 100

Community health nursing - II 100

Professional trends and adjustments 30

Management nursing 20

Total 250

Grand total 1165

Records:

The minimum records should be maintained for each students.

Admission records

Health records

Class attendance

Clinical and field experience

Progress reports on assessment in theory/practical

Mark list

Leave record

Practical record book

Cumulative records

Examination:

Eligibility for examination:

a) Student has completed not less than 11 month of course and that her total performance has been satisfactory during t5hat period.

b) Student has attended 75% of formal instruction given on each subject and 75%field experience separately during the year.

c) Record the practical experience is up to date.

Board examination:

Distinction : 80% and above

First division : 70 to 79.9 %

Second division :60 to 69.9%

Pass : 50 to 59.9%

BASIC B.SC (NURSING)

Objectives:

The programme is designed:

To provide a balance of professional and general education

To enable a student to become a professional nurse practitioner who has self-direction and is a responsible citizen

Understanding the application of principles from the physical, biological, social and behavioural science for assessing health status.

Ability to investigate health care problems systemically

Ability to work collaboratively

Ability to assume responsibility for continuing learning and for increasing competence in nursing practice

Appreciation of professional attitudes necessary for leadership role in nursing

Appreciation of social and ethical obligation

Attendance, progress and conduct:

Each student must have certificate of satisfactory attendance, progress and conduct from the principle of the college of nursing to be eligible for appearing in the university examination.

A minimum of 80 % attendance is required in theory and practical separately in each subject attendance of 10 % may be conducted by the vice-chancellor on the recommendation of the principal based on the genuinity of the cases.

Internal assessment:

The principle is enunciated by the university in each subject for which 20 % of the marks are set apart and these will be the minimum of 2 assignments and three periodical test in every year to assess the progress of the candidate.

Declaration of results:

Score 50 % of the marks in theory and 50% in practical. A candidate has to secure a minimum of 40% marks in the university conducted written exam and 50% aggregate.

Declaration of class:

A successful candidate obtaining 75% and more marks in the grand total aggregate in the first attempt shall be declared to have passed with distinction. 60 to 75% in aggregate in grand total is first class. 50 to 60 % shall be declared to have passed those subjects with second class and candidate who passes in more than one attempt will be placed in pass class irrespective of the percentage of mark scored.

Course of the study:

Year Subject Th.hrs Pr. hrs

I English 90 -

Kannada 45 -

Sociology 45 -

Anatomy 60 20

Physiology 60 20

Bio -chemistry 30 15

Principles and practice of nursing 240 300

Psychology 45 -

Microbiology 45 -

Introduction to community health nursing 75 15

Total 780 45

II Pharmacology 30 15

Medical surgical nursing -I 270 600

Community health nursing - I 75 105

Statistics and nursing research 30 -

Nutrition (growth and development) 60 30

Total 405 750

III Midwifery - I 60 150

Medical surgical nursing – II 75 210

Child health nursing 75 240

Mental health nursing 75 240

Nursing education 60 150

Total 345 990

IV Midwifery - II 60 300

Community health nursing-II 60 450

Nursing administration 60 105

Trends and issues in nursing 45 -

Electives 45 30

Total 270 885

POST CERTIFICATE B.SC (NURSING) COURSE

Philosophy:

a. The faculty believes that nursing is an integral part of health care delivery system and share the responsibility by working in collaboration with other professional for the attainment of optimal health for all members of society.

b. As an essential health service, nursing includes prevention of disease, promotion of health for individual and family

c. Practice of nursing is the teaching and counselling of patient and family

d. For effective professional education and practice

e. Enhance the effectiveness of nursing care.

Eligibility for admission:

a. Hold a certificate in a general nursing

b. Be a registered nurse

c. Have minimum of 2 years of experience

d. Have passed pre-university examination

e. Be medically fit

Objectives:

Administer high quality of nursing care

Apply knowledge from theory to practice

Investigate health care problems systematically

Work collaboratively with health team members

Teach and counsel individual and family

Understand human behaviour

Establish effective interpersonal relationship with individuals and families

Planning and carrying out community health programmes

Ability in administrative skills and teaching skills

Identify social and cultural importance to care the patient

Acquire a professional attitude necessary to leadership

Increasing competencies in nursing

Recognize social and ethical obligation in society


Course of study comprises of 2 years.

Attendance, progress and conduct:

Minimum of 80 % attendance

Progress and conduct of student should be satisfactory and certified

Internal assessment:

The principle enunciated by university in each subject, for which 20 % of the mark are set apart and they will be added to the final grade in the university exam. There shall be 2 assignments and periodical tests in each year to assess the progress of the candidate. The candidate fails in an exam; internal assessment shall be assessed again at request for betterment in the second attainment only.



I English 60 -

Biology 45 -

Physics and chemistry 60 -

Sociology 60 -

Educational psychology 60 -

Reproductive and child health 90 90

Microbiology 45 30

Anatomy and physiology 60 15

Leadership development 45 -

Nursing – I (components) 75 45

Nursing research and statistics 60 -

Total 660 180

II Community health nursing -II 120 180

Medical surgical nursing - II 120 180

Nursing education 75 75

Nursing administration 60 60

Mental health nursing 60 90

Total 435 585

DEGREE OF MASTER NURSING

Philosophy:

Is offered by institution of higher education

Prepare nurses for leadership position in nursing and health fields.

Prepare nursing graduates who are professionally equipped, creative, self- directed and directly motivated to deal with day-today problems.

Encourage accountability and commitment to life -long learning which foster import of quality of life

Objectives:

Increased psychomotor , cognitive and affective competencies

The ability to utilize the potentialities

Expertise in the utilization of concepts and theories

Ability to function effectively as educators and administrators

Ability to plan and initiate the changes in health care system

Leadership quality for the advancement of professional nursing

Ability to establish collaboration relationship with other members

Interest in life-long learning

Eligibility:

Have passed B.sc (n) / Post certificate B.sc (n) of any university

Have a minimum of 2 years experience

Candidate should be registered nurse

Subjects of the study:

Candidate will be examined in any one of the following branches,

I - Medical surgical nursing

II - Community health nursing

III -Child health nursing

IV -Obstetrics and gynaecological nursing

V -Psychiatric nursing

Duration:

The course of study shall extent over a period of 2 years.


I Nursing education 150 150

Advanced nursing practice 150 200

Nursing research and statistics 150 100

Clinical speciality - I 150 650

Total 600 1100

II Nursing management 150 150

Dissertation - 300

Clinical speciality - II 150 950

Total 300 1400

Attendance:

Each student must have certificate of satisfactory attendance, progress and conduct from the head of institution to be eligible for admission to university examination.

Session requirement:

The principle enunciated by university in each subject, for which 20 % of the mark are set apart and they will be added to the final grade in the university exam. There shall be 2 assignments and periodical tests in each year to assess the progress of the candidate. The candidate fails in an exam, internal assessment shall be assessed again at request for betterment in the second attainment only.

Submission of dissertation:

The candidate shall submit a dissertation in the field of his/her speciality and co-guide, who shall be a teacher of from health sciences. The guide and co-guide will value the dissertation and average of which shall be the marks for internal assessment. The internal marks together with dissertation will be submitted to the university one month prior to university exam.

Examinations:

Examination conducted at each year, supplementary exam conducted during the winter vacation of each academic year of benefit if the student.

Exam results:

Distinction -80% and above

First class - 70% to 80%

Pass – 50%

MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY IN NURSING

Philosophy:

Nursing shares with the whole university a main focus of preparing its students for practice and assisting them to achieve a meaningful philosophy of life.

Commitment to life- long learning is the mark of truly professional person.

Objectives:

To strengthen the research foundation

To provide basic training for doctoral program

Duration:

Full time program – one year

Part time program – two year

Attendance:

A student required to attend not less than 2/3 rd of the total lecturers, seminars and practical separately in each course of part.

Course of study:

The M.Phil students will be in two distinct parts.

Part -I

It consists of 3 courses, one course to be selected from each of the three major groups A, B and C.

Part –II

After passing part-I examination, the student shall be write dissertation of each candidate will be determine by the advisory committee including project supervisory.

Evaluation of part-I and part-II:

Part Subject Ex. marks Int. amt Tot. marks

I Group A-Research method in nursing 50 50 100

Group B-Major aspects of nursing 50 50 100

Group C-Allied discipline 50 50 100

II Dissertation including viva 100 200 300

Total of part I and part II 250 450 600

Results:

Pass - At least 50% mark (part-I, II)

First class - 60 % marks in aggregate (part-I, II)

Distinction – 75 % marks in aggregate (part-I, II)

DOCTORATE OF PHILOSOPHY IN NURSING

Board of research study:

Dean and head of the deportments concerned principles recognize for post graduate programmes

Two numbers dominated by the academic council

Three person nominated by the medical faculty

Eligibility criteria:

The candidate should be post graduate in nursing with more than 55% of aggregate marks

Should have research background

May or may not published articles in journals

The course duration for PhD, 3 years and for part time is 4 years

Procedure:

The post graduate has to apply to university, the admission committee will sanitize the application

Entrance test will be conducted in speciality subject and research for 50 marks each totalling 100.

If the candidate is qualified, candidate has to select the problem an obtain the signature of guide in respective department of university

During the first year the scholar has to redefine and state the problem, review has to be done. The first and third chapter have to be prepared. Sampling technique and selection of sample has to be chosen.

At the end of first year pre PhD exam in two subject has to be written is research and speciality. If they got through the exam they can do further word like construction of tool, reliability and validity of the tool, pilot study, finalization of the tool, administration of the tool for the sample code design, master sheet of data has to be prepared. Plan of data analysis under the guidance of statist an and guidance will carried out, then report

writing according to chapter-wise will be done under different chapter like introduction, review of the literature, methodology, data analysis, description of findings, summarizations and case studies will be included.

All the chapters will be monitor by the research supervisor. At the end, 7 copies of thesis to be submitted to the university. Three national and international examiners will observe and go through the write-up of research work and write their comments and send to the university.

Research has to present seminars about the topic to the faculty and head of the department. Finally viva-voice will be conducted in front of experts in the field. After seminar presentation, the faculty will raise the questions and student has to clarify them to guide will be assisting the student in giving response to the faculty. The student will be awarded with PhD by issuing the notification of approval copy.

NURSE PRACTITIONER PROGRAMS

Specialization has been articulated as a mark of the advancement of nursing profession. The nurse practitioner roles were developed in response to this advancement. The profession needed clinical practitioners who would focus on the specific segment of the whole of nursing, seeking in depth knowledge and advancement skills in a defined area of practice.

Concept of nurse practitioner:

Nurse practitioners are registered nurse with advanced education and training. They are qualified to evaluate, provide and co-ordinate comprehensive personalized health care.

Nurse practitioner certification:

Registered nurse licence is effective in major degree of nursing, current clinical practice in speciality, education in speciality authorized designation nurse practitioner.

Type of nurse practitioner:

Acute care nurse practitioner

Adult nurse practitioner

Emergency nurse practitioner

Paediatric nurse practitioner

Psychiatric nurse practitioner

Geriatric nurse practitioner

Family nurse practitioner

Community nurse practitioner

Women health nurse practitioner

Oncology nurse practitioner

Role of nurse practitioner:

Focusing on nursing care of patient

Collaborating with physician

Counselling and education

Diagnosing and treating acute illness

Diagnosing, treating and monitoring chronic illness

Providing health maintenance

Obtaining medical history and conducting physical examination

Ordering, performing and interpreting diagnostic studies

Prescribing medications

Rehabilitation treatments

Providing prenatal care

Providing well child care

CONCLUSION:

All degree program courses are presently being offered in about lot of universities in the country. Nurse practitioners are leaders in the field of nursing. They are people with ability to draw people to a vision and influencing them to commit to contributing to making the vision a reality.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

BASEVANTHAPPA .B.T, 2003, NURSING EDUCATION, first edition, reprint 2004, Jaypee brothers publications, page no:8-12.

NEERAJA, 2003, TEXT BOOK OF NURSING EDUCATION, first edition, Jaypee publications, page no: 40-78.

SANKARA NARAYANAN, 2003, LEARNING AND TEACHING NURSING, first edition, Brainfill publications, page no: 16-20.

JOURNAL REFERENCE:

NIGHTINGALE NURSING TIMES, vol-5, number-4, july-2009, and page no: 65-67.

NET REFERENCE:

http://www.indiareer.com.nursing/india

http://nursing education planet.com/nr/blog.6.php.development of nursing education.

http://nursing/

Documents

Patterns of Nursing Education