Pathways for Coal Power Generation in a Low-Carbon World · Pathways for Coal Power Generation in a Low-Carbon World Amy R. Ericson ... Large scale CCS facility in Alberta -Testing

Pathways for Coal Power Generation ina Low-Carbon World

Amy R. EricsonNational Conference of State Legislatures

20 Nov 2008

National Conference of State Legislatures Nov 2008 Page 2

Agenda

Emitting Less and Capturing More

Carbon Capture

Technologies Advancement

Demonstration & Deployment

What this means for new and existing fossil generation


No Single Solution – Multiple Building Blocks• Demand Reduction

− Consumer behavior− Efficient appliances and buildings− Energy management

• Technology Mix − Nuclear − Renewables

• Production Efficiency − Fuel Preparation/Retrofit− New Plants

• Carbon Capture and Storage


Realistic Reductions in the Power Sector

19,0

11,0

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2005 IEA 2030

CO2 emission(Gt/Year)

IEA 20302005Source: Alstom analysis

Demand Reduction

Stabilizing power emissions by 2030 is possible

2,5

1,5

1,5

11,0

2,0

Demandreduction

Technologymix

Productionefficiency

CCS 2030 AlstomTarget

[1 to 4]

[1 to 3]

[9 to 13]

CCS

Technology Mix

ProductionEfficiency

Realistic 2030 Target

-50% by 2030


EFFICIENCYImportant basis for both operating and new plants

New EquipmentHigh efficiency plantsBiomass co-firingCarbon capture and storage

Service and RetrofitRetrofit (efficiency improvement)Biomass Cofiring/Fuel switch Integrated Retrofit Projects

Existing power plant New power plant

HHV

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 55% 60%

Plant Efficiency

CO

2Em

issi

ons

lbs/

MW

h

LigniteBituminous CoalCoal +20% BiomassNatural Gas

SC/USC

NGCC


Biomass and Fuel Preparation

Biomass Co-firing: - 20% CO2

Lignite drying Retrofit: - 10% CO2

Opportunities

• Up to 20 % CO2 avoided

• Retrofitable to existing coal plants

• Flexibility – low incremental cost

• Most efficient use of biomass

Challenges

• Biomass logistics and availability


Agenda


Carbon Capture





CO2 CAPTURE SOLUTIONSZero emission technology pathways

Pre-combustionPre-combustion

Power Plant with CO2 CapturePower Plant with CO2 Capture

Post-combustion(New + retrofit)


Oxy-combustion(New + retrofit)


Source: VattenfallSource: Vattenfall

SOLUTIONS DEVELOPED BY ALSTOM

Source: Vattenfall











Source: Vattenfall

SHIFT

CAPTURE

BURN H2

Pre-combustion with CO2 capture (IGCC with CO2 capture)











Source: Vattenfall











Source: Vattenfall


Post-CombustionChilled Ammonia Process


Post-CombustionField Pilots

WE Energies Industrial pilot program

• Project participation through EPRI by over 30 US and international utilities

• Designed to capture up around 15,000 tons/year of CO2 at full capacity

• Parametric testing to commence summer 2008

• Will provide data necessary to establish “proof of concept” Pleasant Prairie Power Plant (US)

Karlshamn Power Plant (Sweden)

Eon Pilot Program

• Designed to capture approximately 15,000 tons/year of CO2 at full capacity

• Project schedule:

-Commissioning Summer 08

-Testing Fall 2008

• Testing to continue into late 2009


Industrial demonstrator 40 MWt,Mongstad (Norway)

Industrial demonstrator 30 MWt,Mountaineer (US)

AEP Demonstration and Validation program

• Designed to capture up to 100,000 tons/year of CO2 at full capacity from coal plant

• Saline aquifers storage

• Commenced engineering Oct 07:commissioning 09

StatoilHydro Norway

• European Test Centre Mongstad for flue gases from natural gas CHP plant and a refinery

• Designed to capture 100,000 tons/year

Post-CombustionDemonstrations: AEP,STATOIL, Transalta

Transalta Validation Plant Program

• Designed to capture up to Mtons/year of CO2 at full capacity from coal plant

• Project schedule -Engineering 2008

-Testing expected in 2012Large scale CCS facility in Alberta (Canada)


Post Combustion CO2 CaptureAmine based processes

Amine CO2 capture is proven

• Retrofitable • Installed on a few plants burning coal• High energy demand for regeneration

Exclusive partnership with DOW

– Advanced Amines– Improved Process– Plant Integration

SHADY POINT, OKLAHOMA, USAAES CFB w/ MEA CO2 separation

PP EsbjergDenmark

1 t CO2/h pilot plant (CASTOR EU-FP6)

Warrior Run, MarylandAES CFB w/MEA CO2 separation


Oxy-CombustionOxy-PC: Demonstrations

Main features• 9 t/h CO2

30 MWt Demonstration – Schwarze Pumpe, Germany

30 MWt demonstration – Lacq, France

• Goal: validation and improvementof oxyfuel process starting 2008

Source: VattenfallMain features• 150,000 tons CO2 will be stored in a

depleted gas field• Retrofit of an existing boiler

30 MWth: TOTAL Lacq

30 MWth: Vattenfall


Oxy and Post Combustion: Overview of all Technologies

Long Term Research

Prototype Stage

Demo stage

Commercial

>15 years

10-15 years

5-10 years

< 5 years

Time to Market

Oxy technologies Post combustion

Long Term Research

Laboratory Stage

Demo stage

Commercial

>15 years

10-15 years

5-10 years

< 5 years

Time to Market

Chemical Looping

Oxy CFB

Oxy PC

Anti-sublimation

Ammonia Scrubbing

Advanced Amines

High surface solids, membranes, enzyme,algae, solid absorbentOTM, CAR

Sargas

Alstom involved Alstom not involved


Local, limited EOR projects + Demo

CO2 Capture and StorageDeployment time-line

2010 2015 2020 2030

Post-comb.

Pre-comb.

Oxy-comb.

EU,US Australia

2025

Pilot / Demo Commercialisation

Ramp-up to full scale saline acquifer storage

Pilot / Demo

Progressive pipeline deployment,depending on validated storage sites

Pilot / Demo Commercialisation

Commercialisation

Pre-commercial

2007

EOR + validation of storage sites

Transport

Storage

Capture

Roadmap

EU,US Australia

Pre-commercial

Pre-commercial

Source: Power Systems analysis


Agenda


Carbon Capture – When We Come to the Fork in the Road, We’ll Take It!





CAPTURE READYNear term new: CO2 ready power plant concept

Address today the

issues raised by

future stringent

CO2 regulations

CO2readypowerplant

concept

• Definition:− A CO2 capture-ready power plant is a plant

which can include CO2 capture when the necessary regulatory or economic drivers are in place. The aim of building plants that are capture-ready is to avoid the risk of stranded assets or “carbon lock-in“.

• Answer:− Inclusion of sufficient space and access for

the additional facilities that would be required

− Identification of reasonable route(s) to storage of CO2

− A study of options for CO2 capture retrofit and potential pre-investments

The need The response

Insure CO2 readiness of current power plantsSource : ALSTOM analysis


Capture readyCO2 “Capture Ready” concept for a coal power plant

Improvement of flue gas cleaning and potentially addition of components

Preparation for increased low pressure steam demand fromsteam turbine

Control system adaptation

Arrangement planning

Provision for auxiliaryPower consumption

Optimization of the cooling systemRecovery of heat in the CO2 captureand compression

Optimization of theBoiler surfaces

An integrated approach is key


Amine – Commercial ScaleAfter implementation


Conclusions

A portfolio approach is needed: Demand reduction, Renewables, Nuclear, Efficiency, CCS.

Driving technologies to higher efficiency is a solid strategy for lower CO2 in the near and longer term

US and Europe must show leadership: fund early large-scale CCS demonstration plants and change behavior.

Retrofitable CCS technologies are a must to have.

Post-Combustion should be given a higher priority in funded programs.

CCS deployment will be a major industrial challenge and Post-Combustion can provide for progressive ramp-up.

This is URGENT !We are moving beyond paper…Only demonstration will determine the

“real”, lowest cost solution

Documents

Pathways for Coal Power Generation in a Low-Carbon World · Pathways for Coal Power Generation in a Low-Carbon World Amy R. Ericson ... Large scale CCS facility in Alberta -Testing