PATHOPHYSILOGY OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

* Present in the patient

Predisposing Factors Precipitating Factors* Genetics * Environmental factors (change in

temperature)*Race * Atmospheric pollutants (perfume, smoke,

etc.)* Age (3-8 years old) * allergens (pets)* Gender exercise, stress on emotional upset,

chemicals, medications

1 gE stimulations

mast cell degranultation

asthma attack

altered immunologic response increased airway resistance increased lung compliance impaired mucocilary function altered O2-CO2 exchange

-lungs becomechemical mediators are released mucus inflammation bronchospasm hyperinflated increase mucus production

increase airway resistance secretion

* audible expiratory and inspiratory slowed clearance of mucus respiratory muscles works

histamine SRS-A lenkotrimes - accessory muscle breathingharder

Prostaglandins Bradykinins - nasal flaring increase water loss from mucus* tachypnea muscle fatigue and

SPASM - tachycardia mucus becomes increasingly viscous exhaustion

*whezzing respiratory alkalosis* paroxysmal deppnea* --------/production cough

without medical intervention with medical interventions

individual compensates without O2 therapyincreased RR

medications: inhaled steroid, beta2 respiratory alkalosis adrenergic agents *bronchodilators

(salbutamol)mild ---------- hypoxemia

opens the airwaysevere ----------- hypoventilation

deep breathing and coughing exercise respiratory audoris

coughing up thick tenacious spultum severe hypoxemia

adequate rest death

H teachingsBAD PROGNOSIS - increase fluid intake

- elevate HOB- limit exposure to allergens- minimize stenous activities

GOOD PROGNOSIS