REVIEWS.

To the French the author is indebted for the scientific portion of his work, but no notice appears in the text of Percivall, who wrote on Form and Action forty-three years ago, and though the theory of locomotion laid down by him has not been entirely supported by instantaneous photography, yet his description of make and shape is clear, good, and truthful, while his style possesses that irresistible charm so peculiarly his own. There are other En:,;lish authors on the same subject; we have only selected the most original and most observant. Captain Hayes goes further than Percivall, and this we have a right to expect. The principles of conformation, structure of the body, mechanism of locomotion, attitudes, paces, jumping ; comparative shape of horses; description of the points, colour, and markings; action, constitution, and weight-carrying power; the special points of the various classes of horses, wild horses, asses, etc., are dealt with. Then appears to have been thrown in-as If it were an after· thought- a chapter dealing with the Evolution of the Horse, a subject which, though of considerable interest, has nothing to do with the c, Points of the Horse," and looks like what is technically known as c, padding."

The book is profusely illustrated by photographs and line drawings; the former are taken by the author, and must be accepted as accurate, but the horse does not lend himself to photography, and the picture of St. Simon can scarcely be recognised; the photographs of the limbs are very good, and Plate 42 is excellent, whilst Plates 24 to 27 are certainly not fair representa­tions of the author's skill; the line drawings are mostly reproductions.

Captain Hayes is an accomplished horseman and horsemaster, and the "Points of the Horse" is from the pen of "one who knows; " no new era in horse judging has been established, but a work on an important practical suhject has been brought up to date, and leaves little to be desired.

Pathologie generale et Anatomie pathologique generale des Animaux domes­tiques. Par C. Cadeac, Professeur de clinique; avec la collaboration de J. Bournay, Repetiteur de c1inique a l'Ecole Veterinaire de Lyon. Paris: Libraire J. B. Bailliere et Fils. 1893.

TExT-Bool;:s deallllg with the pathology of the domestic animals are unfortun­ately few, and any addition to their number is therefore deserving of a hearty welcome. The present work is the first of a very complete series of veterinary text-books to be Issued under the direction of Professor Cadeac. It is a neat volume of 472 pages, with 46 figures inserted in the text. The first half of the book is devoted to etiology, which is discussed under three sections, dealing respectively with the role of the organism, of the medium, and of parasites and microbes. The remainder of the work deals with general pathological anatomy, under the headings congestion, hremorrhage, thrombosis and embol­ism, gangrene, inflammation, hypertrophy, tumours, dropsy, atrophy, and degenerations. M. Bournay's share of the work is the chapter on tumours, all the rest of the book being from the pen of Professor Cadeac.

lYe cannot help thinking that the latter author has made a serious mistake in arranging the subdivision of hi~ subject, and in determining the proportions of each subdivision to the whole work. As already stated, one half of the book - indeed rather more than the half- is devoted to general con~iderations regarding etiology, and here we find chapters on the' influence of heredity, age, species, conformation, race, sex, temperament, constitution, vulnerahility, receptivity, etc., each containing a series of generalisations supported by a formidable array of facts which, It appears to us, could much more advan­tageously be introduced in connection with special pathology. If Professor Cadeac is right in his estimation of the proportions that ought to be assigned

CLINICAL ARTICLE;;.

to general considerations regarding etiology, then most other authors who have written text-books on the same subject are egregiously wrong. For example, in the first volume of Ziegler's Pathology, which covers nearly the same ground as the work now under review, out of 600 pages only about 50 are devoted to general considerations regarding etiology, whereas Professor Cadeac in dealing with the same subject uses 250 pages out of a total of 472. An author who writes for the average student does well to assume that his reader opens the book entirely ignorant of the subject, and he ought to be careful not to nauseate and weary him by a too diffuse presentation of general prmciples based on facts regarding which the beginner has as yet no knowledge.

In the preface the author declares his determination to avoid the repeti­tions which are the bane of encyclop~dic works, but it cannot be said that he adheres very rigidly to this virtuous resolution. Thus in dealing with the intimate phenomena of cellular life he ha~ 5 or 6 pages on "the mode of action of the products of microbes," and again about 50 pages farther on he returns to the subject under the heading" mode of action of microbes." In like manner he treats of "the way of introduction" of pathogenic agents in the chapter on Yulnerability and Receptivity, and of" the mode of penetration of microbes" in dealing with Microparasitic Diseases. In discussing the excretion of microbes-an expression, by the way, that is open to grave objection, the author refers to experiments bearing on the infectivity of milk in tuberculosis, and from this passes to the degree of heat necessary to render tuberculous milk innocuous, a subject that will surely have to be discussed again when the author deals with tub~rculosis.

In the chapter treating of gangrene the author is guilty of an unfortunate confusion of terms. Gangrene is defined as the definite and absolute cessation of nutritive acts in a tissue, organ, or member. This, however, is the definition of necrosis, and not of gangrene, which is the putrefactive decomposition of a part tliat has undergone necrosis. In the other chapters dealing with general pathological anatomy we notice here and there defects both in respect of misstatement and omission. For example, in the article on amyloid degeneration it is erroneously stated that the invasion is generally propagated from the vessels to their ceJlular territory, and that in the liver the elements are rapidly invaded; on the other hand, no mention is made of the very exceptional physical characters which amyloid degeneration in many cases imparts to the liver of the horse.

IVe have pointed out what we consider the principal short-comings of a work that, notwithstanding its defects, is a distinct gain to veterinary literature, and we shall look forward with interest to the appearance of the other volumes of the same series.

eLI N I CAL ART I C L E S. --0--

VEGETABLE POISONING (?) SIMULATING ANTHRAX IN CATTLE.

By J. PENBERTHY, F.R.C.V.S., Royal Veterinary College, London.

THE experiences of this extraordinary season include remarkable losses among our horned stock. The drought of the spring and summer of 1893 has been one of the most notable of the century, and there is little wonder that the abnormal relations of cattle and their