8/9/2019 Paternity and Filiation Module
1/5
Medical Jurisprudence Midterm Expanded Outline Sam Tirthdas
PATERNITY AND FILIATION MODULE
Physical Features similarities in hair color, eye color, facial
features, color ofskin, etc.
ABO/Rh Blood Groui!"Is the most important blood typesystem or
blood !roup system" in human bloodtransfusion# the associated
anti$% and anti$& antibodiesare usuallyI!Mantibodies,'hich are
produced in the (rst years of life by sensiti)ation to
en*ironmentalsubstances, such as food, bacteria, and *iruses.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_typehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_transfusionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_transfusionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibodieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IgMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_transfusionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_transfusionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibodieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IgMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_type
8/9/2019 Paternity and Filiation Module
2/5
Medical Jurisprudence Midterm Expanded Outline Sam Tirthdas
Ge!ealo"ical DNA Test+ Types
#$ Y%&TR 'tests Y%chro(oso(e) FAT*ER % &ON+- chromosome
passes do'n almost unchan!ed from father to son, i.e., the non$
recombinin! and sex$determinin! re!ions of the - chromosome do
not chan!e. %mans test results are compared to another mans results
to determine the timeframe in 'hich the t'o indi*iduals shared a
most recent common ancestor, orM/0%, in their direct patrilineal
lines. If their test results are a perfect, or nearlyperfect match,
they are related 'ithin !enealo!ys time frame.
-$12% testin! in*ol*es lookin! at the 34unk3 12%se!ment of 12%
on the -chromosome trunk, to look for ST/sand S25s. ST/s and S25s
are called 12%markers
ST/ markers
% -$chromosome contains se6uences of repeatin! nucleotides kno'n
as shorttandem repeatsST/s". The number of repetitions *aries from
one person to
another and a particular number of repetitions is kno'n as an
alleleof the marker.
% match of 78 ST/s bet'een t'o males means they are brothers,
the less matches
the less relatedness but the compared males ha*e to ha*e same
S25 - haplo!roup
or subclade".
,$ (DNA 'tests -%chro(oso(e) MOT*ER . &ON/DAUG*TER+
Mt12% is passed do'n by the mother unchan!ed, to all children. %
perfect match isfound to another persons mt12% test results
indicates shared recent ancestry. Moredistant matchin! to a speci(c
haplo!roup or subclade may be linked to a common!eo!raphic
ori!in.
mt12%, by current con*entions, is di*ided into three re!ions.
They are the codin!re!ion and t'o 9yper :ariable /e!ions. %ll test
results are compared to the mt12%of a Europeanin 9aplo!roup 9;a;a.
This early sample is kno'n as the 0ambrid!e/eference Se6uence0/S".%
list ofsin!le nucleotide polymorphismsS25s" is returned. The
relati*ely fe'3mutations3 or 3transitions3 that are found are then
reported simply as di
