Cells Parts & Organelles

Nucleus Stores the

hereditary information… DNA!

Nucleolus- parts of the ribosomes get made here

Nuclear Envelope- separates the cytoplasm from the nucleus

Cell Membrane

Selectively permeable in letting certain things enter and leave the cell

Cytoplasm

Holds the organelles in place and gives the cell shape

Cytoskeleton

Inner scaffolding of the cell found in the cytoplasm

1. Supports the cells 2. Acts as tracks and transports

organelles and molecules throughout the cells

3. Enable movement of the cell 4. Centrosomes are made up of

cytoskeleton and function in cell division

Cytoskeleton

Cilia & Flagella

They are made up of the same proteins as the cytoskeleton

Cilia are many numerous short hairs that can move fluid across a cell or help it attach to surfaces

Flagella are long whip-like projections that can propel the cell

Cilia & Flagella

Mitochondria

Convert energy from food (carbs, lipids, etc.) into ATP energy

This is called cellular respiration and is important for life!

Lysosomes

Are the cells garbage disposals

Acid-filled vesicles that digest all old/damaged organelles or molecules

Ribosomes

The protein factory of the cell Read all the mRNA and transfer it

into amino acid chains, which build proteins

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Connected directly to the nuclear

envelope Covered in ribosomes Functions in folding and packaging

proteins to be shipped in other areas of the cell

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum No ribosomes Makes lipids, such as fatty acids,

phospholipids, and steroids Also helps detoxify the cell (clean up

wastes)

Golgi Apparatus Processes

and packages proteins, lipids, and other molecules for export to other locations in or outside of the cell

Chloroplasts

Found only in plants Convert sunlight energy into glucose,

which is a sugar (chemical energy)

Cell Wall Found in plants and some bacteria and

fungi Provides additional protection and

support for cells 100x thicker than the plasma

membrane, explaining how the strength of the cell wall allows some plants to grow 100’s of feet tall

The rigidness of the cell wall does not allow movement of the cell

Vacuole

Found in plants Multipurpose storage sacs that can

store nutrients, water, retain waste products, and provide physical support

Can also contain poisons to deter predators away