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The Scientific Method
Parts of the Scientific Method
Ask a Question
Develop a Hypothesis
Experiment
Analyze Data
Reach Conclusion
s
Form a Theory
Repeat
Parts of the Scientific Method
Ask a Question
Develop a Hypothesis
Experiment
Analyze Data
Reach Conclusion
s
Form a Theory
1) Ask a Question
Parts of the Scientific Method
1. Observe a Problem or Ask a Question
Example:Is fire always orange?
Parts of the Scientific Method
Ask a Question
Develop a Hypothesis
Experiment
Analyze Data
Reach Conclusion
s
Form a Theory
2) Develop a Hypothesis
Parts of the Scientific Method
2. Develop a Hypothesis
Example: If the same substance
(phlogiston) is emitted by fire, then all
fires will be orange.
Parts of the Scientific Method
Ask a Question
Develop a Hypothesis
Experiment
Analyze Data
Reach Conclusion
s
Form a Theory
3) Experiment
Parts of the Scientific Method
3. Experiment
Example:Burn metal chlorides and observe color of flame
Parts of the Experiment
Independent Variable – the variable that is changed by the scientist
Dependent Variable – the variable that “depends on” the independent variable changing
Parts of the Experiment
Control Variables – variables that are kept constant
Example:
Independent: Which metal is burned
Dependent: Color of flame
Control: Type of flame, temperature of
flame, etc.
Parts of the Scientific Method
Ask a Question
Develop a Hypothesis
Experiment
Analyze Data
Reach Conclusion
s
Form a Theory
4) Analyze Data
Parts of the Scientific Method4. Analyze Data
Metal Chloride Flame ColorCalcium Chloride
Strontium Chloride
Lithium Chloride
Potassium Chloride
Cupric Chloride
Parts of the Experiment
Quantitative Data – data which can be measured; deals with numbers
Qualitative Data – data can be observed but not measured; deals with descriptions
Parts of the Scientific Method
This data is Qualitative. It does not have numbers.
Metal Chloride Flame ColorCalcium Chloride Orange
Strontium Chloride Orange-red
Lithium Chloride Red-orange
Potassium Chloride Purple
Cupric Chloride Green
Parts of the Scientific Method
Ask a Question
Develop a Hypothesis
Experiment
Analyze Data
Reach Conclusion
s
Form a Theory
5) Reach Conclusion
Parts of the Scientific Method5. Reach Conclusion
Metal Chloride Flame ColorCalcium Chloride Orange
Strontium Chloride Orange-red
Lithium Chloride Red-orange
Potassium Chloride Purple
Cupric Chloride Green
Conclusion: Fire does not always burn orange.
Parts of the Scientific Method
Ask a Question
Develop a Hypothesis
Experiment
Analyze Data
Reach Conclusion
s
Form a Theory
6) Form a Theory
Parts of the Scientific Method6. Form a theory
Theory – an explanation for some phenomenon that is based on observation, experimentation, and reasoning-Must be supported by many experiments done by many scientistsThe theory of phlogiston (a substance that leaves materials when they burn) was proven false.
Parts of the Experiment
Which is the independent variable?(variable changed by the scientist)
-Whenever Angela accidentally eats peanut butter, she becomes really sick.
1. Peanut Butter 2. Sickness
Parts of the Experiment
Which is the independent variable?
-Julie wants to know if the amount of sunlight a plant receives will affect its growth.
1. Amount of sunlight2. Plant Growth
Parts of the Experiment
Which is the independent variable?
-A university research group investigates the connection between developing lung cancer and smoking cigarettes.
1) Lung cancer 2) Smoking
Parts of the Experiment
Is the data quantitative or qualitative?-Whenever Angela accidentally eats peanut butter, she becomes really sick.
1) Quantitative (numbers)2) Qualitative (descriptive)
Parts of the Experiment
Is the data quantitative or qualitative?
-Julie wants to know if the amount of sunlight a plant receives will affect its growth.
1) Quantitative (numbers)2) Qualitative (descriptive)
Parts of the Experiment
Is the data quantitative or qualitative?-A university research group discovers that 80%-90% of all lung cancer deaths are due to smoking.
1) Quantitative (numbers)2) Qualitative (descriptive)
