Parts of the Cell

Prokaryotic Cells

(b) A thin section through the bacterium Bacillus coagulans (TEM)

Pili: attachment structures onthe surface of some prokaryotes

Nucleoid: region where thecell’s DNA is located (notenclosed by a membrane)

Ribosomes: organelles thatsynthesize proteins

Plasma membrane: membraneenclosing the cytoplasm

Cell wall: rigid structure outsidethe plasma membrane

Capsule: jelly-like outer coatingof many prokaryotes

Flagella: locomotionorganelles ofsome bacteria

(a) A typical rod-shaped bacterium

0.5 µmBacterialchromosome

Animal Cell

• Cell Membrane• Various Shapes• Obtain Energy

Plant Cell

• Cell Membrane & Cell Wall

• Boxlike• Photosynthesis• Chlorophyll

• Animal Cell Does Not have a Cell Wall

Organelles• Parts of the cell • Cytoplasm- Fluid

outside of the nucleus containing organelles.

Nucleus

• Control center of the cell containing the DNA & Chromosomes.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• Highway system for moving information from the nucleus.

2 Types of ER

1. Rough- has ribosomes2. Smooth- lacks

Ribosomes

Ribosomes

• Place where proteins are made.

Golgi Apparatus

• “Shipping & Receiving Center”

• Takes proteins from ribosome and ships them to the parts of the cell they are needed.

Moving Information in the Cell

• 1. Nucleus (DNA/RNA) • 2. ER• 3. Ribosomes• 4. Golgi • 5. Cell

Lysosome

• “Cleanup Crew/Janitor” removes waste from the cell.

Vacuoles• Cellular Storage unit

• Animal Cells- stores energy

• Plants Cells- stores water

Mitochondria

• “Power Plant” makes the energy in animal cells (ATP)

• Cell Respiration

Chloroplast

• Only in Plant Cells.

• Collects sunlight in plants for photosynthesis.

Cilia and Flagella• Cilia- short hairlike

projections, used for movement

• Flagella- tail like structure used for movement

Cytoskeleton• Network of protein

filaments that help maintain cell shape and are involved in movement

• 2 filaments that make up cytoskeleton• Microfilament- threadlike

structure made of a protein called ACTIN that aid in movement

• Microtubules- Hollow structures made up of proteins known as tubulins used to maintain shape. Important in cell division where they form mitotic spindles (Cilia and flagella)

Centrioles• Located near the

nucleus and help to organize cell division.

• NOT FOUND IN PLANT CELS!!!

Boundaries of the Cell

Cell MembraneOuter boundary of

animal cells

Cell WallOuter boundaryof plant cells

Lipid Bilayer• Double layered sheet

that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes. Provides a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings.