Parts and Functions of a Conveyor System

8/15/2019 Parts and Functions of a Conveyor System

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Parts and Functions of a ConveyorSystem

©2012 Dr. B. C. Paul

Note- These slides include figures and tables taken from the Cone!or "#ui$ment

%anufactures &ssociation. Credit is gien for these figures and tables. These slides

also include material from the authors o'n earlier 'ork.



Major Components ofConveyor • Long Continuous belt

• Carried on rolls - rollers held by frame• Belt wrapped around pulleys at ends

• Pulleys coupled to gears and motors

• Peripheral Devices to drop on belt,

direct around corner, clean, discharge

etc.



Conveyor Parts



Conveyor Parts



How Conveyors Function

• aterial !alls on moving belt that

carries it along• " continuous haulage system that is not

limited by cycles of batch movement

• #e$uires a continuous frame andstructure before can transport material

over route



Significant Variations

• Belt may ride on a frame with air holes -

a compressor blows air under belt. Beltrides on a cushion of air.

• #ollers wrap belt entirely around

material - used to allow verticalconveying of material



Conveyor Belting Parts

• Carcass - woven fabric or material for

tensile strength• %&ims - rubber layers between carcass plys

• Bra&er - fabric coat above carcass to brea&

impact of load

• 'op Cover - " rubber that resists cutting

abrasion and sometimes chemical action



Conveyor Belting Types

• ulti-Ply - multi-ply carcass separated by s&ims -

traditional - trade-off between stiffness and

strength

• #educed Ply - comple( interwoven carcass notdependent on separate plys thinner less stiff for

same strength

• %teel - carcass lengthwise steel belts - high tensile

strength - heavy ores long runs

• %olid )oven - Carcass impregnated with

elastomer



Conveyor Belting Elastomers

• ost *lastomer Covers in ining for

bump and abrasion resistance - goodnatural or synthetic rubber

• +iled %to&er Coals may need chemical

resistance - neoprene rubber

• ot process +res may need heat

resistance - chec& the carcass too -

usually limit to / of rated



Elastomer Covers



Conveyor Belting Splices• echanical

0 !ast

0 Done by and

0 *asily done and undone 1even when don2t

want it undone3 0 collects dirt looses strength

• 4ulcani5ed

0 6eeds big machine and time 0 +nce done hard to undo

0 Provides %uperior %trength



Idlers

• %upports Belt and aterial Load

• Built with 0 %haft surrounded by bearings

0 'hen roll of steel or rubber

• 'wo main types 0 Carrying for material and belt

0 return supports belt on return trip



Idler Size and Duty

• #ated by Diameter

0 ranges 7 to inches

0 smaller is less costly but higher wear and

frictional losses 0 inches common for mining

• #ated by )eight Carriage

0 ranges " to * for increasing duty 0 " and B light C and D heavy duty * e(tra

0 B and C common for mining



Carrying Idlers

• 8sually troughed with 9 e$ual si5e rollerson a frame in mining applications

0 %ome suspended catenary systems have

rollers

• 'roughs usually :; , 9, 7 degrees

0 Deeper trough more volume

0 #e$uires thinner belt to lay in trough which

limits strength

0 9 common choice for mining



Carrying Idlers



eturn Idlers

• 8sually !lat and one piece

• %ometimes two piece 4 for belt training• %piral roll to self and belt clean



Specialty Idlers

• <mpact <dlers for ta&ing material

dropping onto belt• Belt 'raining 1'raining means &eeping

in line in trough3

0 Can put idler off center to pull to side 0 Can put wheels on edge but wear belt

0 Can put v return to pull one way or other.



Pulley

• Li&e #oller only belt wraps around

• ead Pulley - turns belt bac& around toreturn - may be coupled to drive

• 'ail Pulley - turns empty belt around for

loading - occasionally coupled to drive• Drive Pulley - Coupled to motor pulls

belt - usually special grip surface



Pulleys

• %nub Pulley - usually used to change

direction of belt and increase thecontact angle with the drive pully 1more

surface area to transfer power3

• 'a&e 8p Pulley - 8sed to maintaintension on a belt left loose enough for

some fle(ibility



Pulleys



Drive Pulley Considerations

•Pulley should be large enough to avoid tohard bend at point of tension application

• Pulley should have grab - ris& of slippage

is function of grab and tension - more grab

- less tension - could mean a cheaper belt

• Place Drive in practical location to

minimi5e the highest tension in the belt - a

head pulley location often good on a beltup a slope



!oading a Conveyor Belt • 6eed to get even load on belt and get

material traveling in same direction tominimi5e belt strain

• Chute - may use scalping bars so fines

fall on first and provide cushion

• 'ransfer Conveyor - wear on short

replaceable belt get things up to speed

• 4ibratory feeder



Methods of Loading a Belt



Methods of Loading a Belt



!oading a Conveyor Belt • %&irt board along edge for about = to >;

feet to &eep material on belt and line it up• Loading points or transfer points are

common spill locations

0 Production rate is not really constant

0 %imulation programs can aid in determining

speed and belt si5e for networ&.



"nloading a Belt

• +ver the end of belt

0 !latten to fast and stretch the belt 0 !latten to slow material will spread and

spill over sides

0 for 9 degree trough need about >. times

belt width to flatten

• +ften have brushes to belt after

material discharge



Methods of Cleaning Belt After

ischarge



"nloading a Belt • Plow - 4 on belt pushes off to sides.

0 Limited speed about :;; fpm 0 6eed flat belt

• 'ripper - moving plow to one side

0 can trip from one conveyor to another 0 good for loading multiple silos



Plow for ischarging Material

from Belt



!ri""er for Belt ischarge

Documents

Parts and Functions of a Conveyor System