Participants and their institutional roles.doc

8/14/2019 Participants and their institutional roles.doc

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The Schools Work of Sorting Students (H.Mehan)

Participants and their

institutional roles

Assignment of turn

types

Status quo of

participants

Specific linguistic

form and content

Goals pursued by

participants

Power difference

Parents and

educators

Evaluation andplacement comittees

sequential

order of turns locally

produced locally

produced, influenced

by proximal

circumstances in

phases, and distal

influences amongphases

information

presentation phase

juxtaposition

of proximal and

distal information

educators to

construct a child as

handicapped, toplace them into

learning disability

groups, but not

outside the institution

placement

committees decide

upon the placementof the child, they are

controlling their

educational

opportunities

Talk and Institution: A reconsideration of the Asyetry! of "octor#$atient Interaction ($. ten Ha%e)


institutional roles

Assignment of turn

types

Status quo of

participants

Specific linguistic

form and content

Goals pursued by

participants

Power difference

!octor"

patient #responding

role$

%he doctor

has the initiative

"dispreference

for patient"initiated

questions

%he doctor

has interactional

control

Asymmetry

of topic

&ta'eover of

initiative(

Establishment

of medically relevant

facts

%he patient is

submissive

)"A

sequences are the

doctor*s primary

instrument ofinteractional control

&aution and consensus in Aerican 'usiness eetings (&h. Wasson)

Participants and theirinstitutional roles

Assignment of turntypes

Status quo ofparticipants

Specific linguisticform and content

Goals pursued byparticipants

Power difference

Employees of

a +S company

reversals Silence is

interpreted as a

negative assessment

employees

must reach consensus

to be able to ma'e

career

advancement is

closely lin'ed to


2/5

egative

assessments are

followed by chorus

&bargaining

sequence(

decisions

they display

caution and

conformism because

their promotion

partly depends ondeveloping friendly

relationships with

others

socially constructed

reputation, so they

are being

permanently under

surveillance by the

others, whichendowes them with

power, but at the

same time others

have power overthem

eiled orality: notes on discretion in sychiatry (*. +ergan)


institutional roles

Assignment of turn

types

Status quo of

participants

Specific linguistic

form and content

Goals pursued by

participants

Power difference

doctor"patient

inta'einterview

the doctor

decides whether the

patient should be

hospitali-ed as a

mental patient

preallocated

)"A

post"response

pursuit for response,

exploring by fishing

#information eliciting

tellings$

&my side

tellings(

litotes used in

information eliciting

tellings

euphemistic

descriptors

the doctor is

to find out about the

patient*s condition

by aiming at

discretely eliciting an

authoritative version

from the patient

the doctor

does not have direct

access to the

information about the

patient*s condition,

yet he is the one who

decides about the

hospitali-ation of the

patient.

&ontested e%idence in courtroo cross#e,aination ($aul "re-)Participants and their

institutional roles

Assignment of turn

types

Status quo of

participants

Specific linguistic

form and content

Goals pursued by

participants

Power difference

attorney"

witness

preallocated

turn types to attorney

attorneys

challenge the

content is

interactionally

to challenge

and discredit the

preallocation

of spea'er roles and


3/5

prosecution"

defense #the witness

may belong to one or

the other on the basis

of his testimony$

and witness during

the examination

jury members

do not produce &next

turns(, their

understanding cannotbe chec'ed

&third

turns(#)"A")$

emphasi-e the

witnesses answer by

ma'ing him/her

repeat it.

sequential

occurrence of

answers challengingthe other*s version

clustering of

pause lengths if

longer than 0 seconds

it highlights contrast

disagreements

are generally delayed

credibility of

witnesses

managed by

participants on a

local turn"by"turn

basis

other

activities are donethrough the format of

)"A #accusing,

discrediting,

rebutting, defending,

challenging$

&1 don*t

remember( used by

the witness to avoid

confirming

potentially damaginginformation

&alternative

descriptions( are

used by the witness

to rebut and replace

the attorney*s version

&maximal

property of

description("

exclusionary force

pu--les are

left unresolved to

generate implicature

other side

tal' is

designed for an

overhearing party

#the jury$, who

decide on the case onthe basis of what has

been presented

Attorneys

juxtaposing facts to

achieve a contrast

which has some

damaging

implication for the

witnesses testimony

turn types gives

attorneys control

over juxtaposing

facts, power over

witnesses

attorneys

have power through

having the right to

summari-e

Ans-ers as interactional roducts (raha +utton)


institutional roles

Assignment of turn

types

Status quo of

participants

Specific linguistic

form and content

Goals pursued by

participants

Power difference


4/5

the candidate

the panel

school governors, the

headmaster and the

deputy headmaster

the panel

decides whether the

candidate is

considered suitable

for the position

interviewers

assign the turn

sequential

practices

2$ the possibility of

correctingmisunderstanding is

passed over3$ the response

following the

candidate*s answer is

organi-ed to prevent

him from returning to

the answer by

a$ signaling that the

questioning is over

b$changing the topic

by as'ing new

question

c$ interviewer isproviding an

assessment goes on,

not giving the floor

to the candidate

" constructing the

candidate*s answer as

complete

&interview

orthodoxy(" the

candidate*s answers

can reveal his

personal qualities

and deficiencies

answers a

resource for

monitoring the

candidate*s

understanding of the

question repair was not

initiated by the panelin case of

misunderstanding

the

interviewers

construct an image of

the candidate*s

personal abilities on

the basis of hisanswers

the candidate

cannot return to his

answer as in natural

conversation,

interviewers hold the

turn he has a

limited resource formonitoring the

panel*s

understanding

the

candidate*s answer is

organi-ationally

constructed

/eadershi and anaging conflict in eetings (*. Holes and M. Mara)


institutional roles

Assignment of turn

types

Status quo of

participants

Specific linguistic

form and content

Goals pursued by

participants

Power difference

1% experts

leaders and

the chair

assigns the topic,

asserting the

agenda

strategic

conflict management

the chair has

power


5/5

employees then passes the floor

to participants who

are invited to

contribute

hands"on

strategy

conflict

diversion

conflict

resolution using

negotiation

conflict

resolution using

authority

negotiating

consensus

Hillary &lintons laughter in edia inter%ie-s (". 0&onnell and S 1o-al)


institutional roles

Assignment of turn

types

Status quo of

participants

Specific linguistic

form and content

Goals pursued by

participants

Power difference

4illary

5linton as

interviewee andinterviewers

turn"by"turn

in radio interviews,

not interrupted bylaughter

laughter

during interviewer*s

speech during %6

interviews

laughter as

self"presentation

spea'ers and

listeners laugh more

depending on thesetting

personal

perspective rather

than neutralism frominterviewers

interviewee

laughter used to

avoid giving a direct

answer

Documents

Participants and their institutional roles.doc