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Part VII
References, Music Examples, Index
References
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Music Examples
A good example is the best sermon
In this book, a lot of examples may be invoked to illustrate the theoreticaland practical discourses. We have however only included those examples in thefollowing list that we consider being not only of pedagogical value, but alsocrucial for understanding our thoughts. The list uses two kinds of references:1) references to Internet documents, 2) references to original documents ofpublished music, where the first kind is not available for technical or legalreasons. The second kind is marked by an asterisk (*). The examples arelisted in the order they first appear in the book.
1, page 65www.encyclospace.org/special/schumann pythagorean.m4a
2, page 65www.encyclospace.org/special/webern pythagorean.m4a
3, page 65www.encyclospace.org/special/schumann meantone.m4a
4, page 65www.encyclospace.org/special/webern meantone.m4a
5, page 66www.encyclospace.org/special/schumann well.m4a
6, page 66www.encyclospace.org/special/webern well.m4a
7, page 66www.encyclospace.org/special/schumann slendro.m4a
8, page 66www.encyclospace.org/special/webern slendro.m4a
9, page 66www.encyclospace.org/special/schumann equal.m4a
264 References
10, page 66www.encyclospace.org/special/webern equal.m4a
11, page 66www.encyclospace.org/special/MaqamBayyatiRacy-Shaheen.mp3
12, page 66*Alois Haba: Streichquartette Gesamtaufnahme. Bayer, 2007
13, page 195www.encyclospace.org/special/czernyalone.aif
14, page 137*Anton Webern: Complete String Trios & Quartets (Arditti quartet).Disques Montaigne, 2000
15, page 144www.speech.kth.se/music/performance/Texts/final ritard.htm
16, page 153www.encyclospace.org/special/schumannLHtakefive.aiff
17, page 166*Miles Davis: The Complete Concert 1964: My Funny Valentine + Fourand More (Live). Columbia 1964/Sony 1992
18, page 195www.encyclospace.org/special/chopin.aif
19, page 198www.encyclospace.org/special/kufbeispiel.aif
20, page 198www.encyclospace.org/special/Kuriose G Deadpan.aiff
21, page 198www.encyclospace.org/special/Kuriose G Final.aiff
22, page 208www.encyclospace.org/special/kufcp3 deadpan.aiff
23, page 208www.encyclospace.org/special/kufcp3 finish.aiff
24, page 235*Argerich, Marta: Kinderszenen, Kreisleriana. Deutsche Grammophon 1984
25, page 235*Horowitz, Vladimir: Kinderszenen, Op. 15 Scenes from Childhood. Origi-nal recording 1974, Sony Classical/Legacy 2003
26, page 240*Gould, Glenn: Ludwig van Beethoven, op. 57. Originally released 1970,Sony Classic, 2008
27, page 241*Gould, Glenn: Piano Sonata No. 29 in B-flat Major, Op. 106 ”Ham-merklavier”. Original recording 1970, Sony Classical 1993
Index
A, 60C, 79D, 156Dir, 162E, 48G, 79, 129, 182H, 62Hz, 59I, 60I(L), 67If#/g, 138
J(℘)(X)−1∆, 73Kb, 219L, 67LX(f), 162M , 129, 230P , 59PM , 230Qw(E,D), 161, 191S, 48, 156S(H), 63Sp, 152T , 156T (E), 49X(G,M), 129XP , 70Z(∂, µ), 197∆, 81Λ, 162ΩXω , 222Π, 164Ψ , 164RED, 78
REHLD, 89, 229
REH , 70
RP., 81
Reh, 70
Ts(E,D), 78
Ts(X), 73
Z12, 138
Tsw(E,D), 161
TsP., 81
TsΛ,Dir, 162
δ, 164
γ, 164
γPhysical(t), 129
γSymbolic(t), 129
b, 220∫XTs, 82
C, 83, 87
D, 89
N (X), 151
νi, 153
∂I(L,C), 79
∂S(H,G), 79
∂T (E,D), 78
∂Tw(E,D), 160
Ct, 60
PARA, 149
dB, 67
℘, 28, 44, 148, 159, 227, 229
℘−1(P ), 227
℘L, 67
℘EHL, 70
℘score, 127
b f , 220
266 Index
d, 60, 156e, 48h, 62n-dimensional
cube, 82o, 61p(t), 60q, 61riem, 156s, 156speed(E), 49speed(H), 62speed(S), 49speed(e), 48t, 61, 156valton,riem(Chi), 156w, 149w(t), 59wε, 155wε(M), 155prestor, 19312-tempered tuning, 60, 64, 6618th century, 183
Aa tempo, 51ABAB
form, 170absolute
tempo, 51accelerando, 51, 193acoustics
musical -, 22, 60action
gestural -, 127motor -, 125
activationaxis of -, 99
activityelectrical -, 101
adagio, 51adjacent
tempi, 51Adorno, Theodor Wiesengrund, 11, 15,
73, 83, 95, 105, 118, 121, 122, 130,135, 137, 138, 141, 142, 145, 192
advancementtime-space, 169
Aebersold, Jamey, 170
aesthesic, 23agent, 35
aesthetical, 23aesthetics, 95affect, 121affine
transformation, 199Africa
music of -, 53Agawu, Kofi, 33agent
aesthesic -, 35musical -, 199neutral -, 34poietic -, 35
agogics, 33, 146, 158, 203, 205, 213, 236primavista -, 207
agogis, 192AgoLogic, 193, 194air
pressure, 59algebraic
geometry, 230algorithm
matching -, 84, 228amplitude, 60analysis, 5, 93, 248
by synthesis, 144, 197contrapuntal -, 147factor -, 205Fourier -, 106harmonic -, 147, 155, 188, 191, 197,
205, 209melodic -, 147, 209metrical -, 150, 199, 210motivic -, 154, 188, 191, 201, 210music -, 149musical -, 135neutral -, 137of performance, 132principal component -, 223rhythmical -, 147, 188, 191, 201, 209Schenkerian -, 192sonic -, 211
analyticaldata, 188epressivity, 94expression, 135performance, 135, 138, 208
Index 267
rationale, 217, 229, 242
rubette, 188
tool, 150
vector, 222
weight, 5, 148, 149, 188, 230
andante, 51
anger, 109, 132
angle
bow -, 181
anticipation, 170
Appassionata, op.57, 32, 240
approximation
linear -, 71
archicortex, 104
architecture
evolutionary -, 192
Argerich, Marta, 6, 201, 235, 236
Aristotle, 36, 96
Aron, Pietro, 65
arpeggio, 70, 195
art
music, 95
work of -, 83
articulation, 77, 79, 108, 132, 146, 160,203
field, 161
artist, 30, 36, 97
artistic
level, 193
phantasy, 74
presence, 38
attribute
paratextual -, 33
audience, 27, 30, 34, 94, 97, 248
auditory
cortex, 59
nerve, 59
auto-incompetence, 239
autonomous
work, 14
averaging
hierarchical -, 219
axis
of embodiment, 37
of semiotics, 37
of activation, 99
of pleasantness, 99
time -, 31
Bb.p.m., 52Baboushka
principle, 26Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel, 13Bach, Johann Sebastian, 6, 66, 144, 198,
208, 211, 240, 242background
formal -, 169Bagatelle op.126,2, Beethoven, 122balance, 40Ballad Tempo, 53bandwidth, 219, 220bandwidths
hierarchy of -, 220Barenboim, Daniel, 195bass, 210bebop, 171Beethoven, Ludwig van, 14, 16, 32, 53,
106, 115, 131, 140, 240, 242behavior
expressive -, 98human -, 97
Benedetti Michelangeli, Arturo, 126Bengtsson, Erling Bløndal, 18Benjamin, Walter, 15, 73Beran
operator, 222Beran, Jan, 217, 227, 229, 231Bezzuoli, Giuseppe, 96BigBang
Rubette, 199, 200rubette, 188
Binet, Alfred, 17biological
motion, 164Blake, William, 231blue
note, 170Boccherini, Luigi, 174body, 40, 116, 130, 132
gesture’s -, 130motion, 132musician’s -, 37of sounds, 37of time, 37, 40, 116, 166
BoesendorferMIDI -, 201
Boulez, Pierre, 188
268 Index
boundingrectangle, 133
bowangle, 181contact point, 181pressure, 181velocity, 181
Bowden, Marshall, 172Brahms, Johannes, 52brain
emotional -, 104human -, 165potential, 101
Brendel, Alfred, 205, 217Bresin, Roberto, 163Buteau, Chantal, 150, 187
CC Major Mass op.86, Beethoven, 53cadence, 101calculus, 74calm
music, 111Camurri, Antonio, 132, 133carpus, 127Carter, Ron, 172Cartesian
product, 70, 82, 88, 89category
emotional -, 99mimetic -, 119of modules, 187
causalinfluence, 232
Cavailles, Jean, 7, 37Celibidache, Sergiu, 83, 84cell
performance -, 83, 87, 159, 188, 248Cent, 60central
perspective, 12centur
18th -, 183Chatelet, Gilles, 122change
loudness -, 79changes
chord -, 167characteristic
gesture, 116charge
harmonic -, 191chart, 138, 183, 228Childre, Doc, 97Chopin
rubato, 70, 193–195Chopin, Frederic, 18, 195chord
changes, 167harmonic
weight of a -, 157neapolitan -, 101
christianizationof music, 118
circlecolor -, 229
circumplexmodel, 99, 110, 113
classpitch -, 138
ClassicRubato, 187
classicismViennese -, 140
cluster, 101Clynes, Manfred, 105, 112, 118, 123cochlea, 59cognitive
science, 164coherence
EEG -, 101interhemispheric EEG -, 102local EEG -, 102
collaborativemusic, 173space, 199
colorcircle, 229field, 85
Coltrane, John, 93comes, 210communication, 22, 23, 192
inter-rubette -, 187multi-agent -, 34, 166of musical contents, 173rhetoric -, 241
complexnumber, 38
Index 269
composer, 27, 30, 33, 34, 97, 105, 117,123
real-time -, 34compositional
formula, 192comprehension, 34computer-generated
performance, 108concept
of presence, 38spatial -, 122
concertpitch, 63
conditionsgeometric -, 183
connotation, 27consonance, 104consonant
interval, 61constant
diagonal field, 74diagonal field, 81
constraintgeometric -, 129musical -, 129physical -, 129
constraintsgeometric -, 127mechanical -, 127
contactpoint
bow -, 181content, 24, 83context
global -, 44historical -, 216local -, 44
continuouscurve, 130time, 48weight function, 150
contrapunctus III/Kunst der Fuge, 209,211
contrapuntalanalysis, 147theory, 64
conversationtopos of -, 175
coordinate
gestural -, 122core
emotion, 99correlate
physiological -, 125cortex
auditory -, 59Corti organ, 59Cortot factor, 205Cortot, Alfred, 201, 223counterpoint, 140, 175, 183, 210
Fuxian -, 104Courtier, Jules, 17covering
nerve of a -, 138, 151Cowan, Sara, ixcreative
performance, 38process, 35
Crelle, August Leopold, 13crescendo, 79critic, 239critique
music -, 227, 252Cryer, Bruce, 97CSI (Composer, Score, Interpreter), 28,
94cuben-dimensional -, 82
cubicspline, 150
cuesperformance -, 132
cultureWestern -, 105
curvecontinuous -, 130integral -, 82mamma -, 195tempo -, 158, 195, 205
Czerny, Carl, 6, 13, 70, 85, 130, 193–195
DDahlhaus, Carl, 48, 174dance, 36, 40
of philosophy, 36philosophy of -, 36
dancer, 116Danuser, Hermann, 11, 16, 136
270 Index
dataanalytical -, 188
daughter, 188, 207, 231, 235LPS, 196tempo, 195
Davis, Miles, ix, 3, 163, 165–169deadpan, 198decomposition
Fourier -, 29orthonormal -, 23
deep-frozengesture, 127
definitioninfinitesimal -, 73of gesture, 130
definition ofperformance, 28
definitiveperformance, 117
deformation, 169deictic
morpheme, 83Delacroix, Eugene, 69denaturation
sacred -, 119denotator, 147, 187, 199deployment
gestural -, 192depression, 103depth
EEG, 104derivation, 162Desain, Peter, 48, 193description
verbal -, 98deus ex machina, 95development, 137, 139
genealogical -, 192diachronic
distance -, 31diagram, 89differential equatio
ordinary -, 89differentiation
rule, 144diminution
rhythmic -, 171directed
graph, 130
Director Musices, 108, 143, 163, 164, 249discrete
time, 48disklavier, 18dispositio, 12dissonance, 104distance, 199
diachronic -, 31synchronic -, 31
distributedidentity, 40
distributor, 209divertimenti, 174dominant, 155
metrically -, 152drama
musical -, 242dramaturgy
emotional -, 121drum
roll, 193duration, 46, 77
performance of -, 78physical -, 60
dux, 210dynamical
symbol, 67dynamics, 108, 132, 146
primavista -, 207symbolic -, 67
Eear
inner, 59eardrum, 59education, 251
jazz -, 170music -, 200oral -, 13performance -, 85
EEG, 101coherence, 101depth -, 104interhemispheric - coherence, 102local - coherence, 102localization, 101
Eimert, Herbert, 193elasticity
temporal -, 169
Index 271
electricalactivity, 101
Ellington, Duke, 53elocutio, 12embodiment, 22, 25
axis of -, 37gestural -, 14, 166
emergencetime-space, 168
emergentproperties, 39
emotion, 5, 93, 97, 98, 132, 248core -, 99
emotionalbrain, 104category, 99dramaturgy, 121expression, 163expressivity, 191meaning, 105performance, 108rationale, 217
emotivelife, 110
empiricalevidence, 100research, 84tradition, 16
encodingfunction, 164
ensemblerule, 144
epilepsy, 103epressivity
analytical -, 94gestural -, 94, 105semantic -, 95semiotic -, 164
Epstein, David, 53ERP, 101Espresso
Rubette, 84, 129, 200rubette, 228
essenticform, 105
ethnographyof tempo, 52
ethnology, transversal -, 31etude
method, 170
etymology, 31
Euler
space, 64
Euler, Leonhard, 63
European Art Music, 53
Evans, Bill, 112
evidence
empirical -, 100
evolution
logical -, 192
stemmatic -, 193
evolutionary
architecture, 192
ex movere, 122
exciting
music, 111
experiment, 209, 251
performance -, 212, 213
experimental
strategy, 211, 212, 214
experiments
in performance theory, 217
with expressive performance, 96
expert listener, 95
exposition, 137, 139
expression, 24, 93
analytical -, 135
emotional -, 163
facial -, 98
mapper, 132
of expression, 119, 130
rhetorical -, 95, 177
expressive
behavior, 98
performance, 28, 228, 230
experiments with -, 96
theory, 96, 248
theory, 4, 93, 95
expressive performanc
principles of -, 161
expressivity
emotional -, 191
gestural -, 132, 191
rhetorical -, 30, 94
semantic -, 94
semiotic -, 28
272 Index
FF-horn, 181facial
expression, 98fact, 25, 29factor
analysis, 205family
life, 231of violins, 175, 176, 178, 183
Fantasiermaschine, 17Faster Uphill, 144father, 197feelings, 98female
listener, 101fermata, 158, 221Ferretti, Roberto, 230feuilletonism, 240FFT, 19fiber, 164, 227, 230, 233, 236
problem, 227field, 188
articulation -, 161color -, 85constant diagonal -, 74, 81interpolation, 229Lie-type -, 231operator, 148, 159, 188, 192parallel -, 78, 160performance -, 4, 81, 84, 149, 200,
229, 248vector -, 70, 162
fifth, 61, 63voice, 175, 184
fifthsparallel of -, 183
finalinfluence, 232performance, 192ritard, 124
Final Ritard, 144finger, 127Finscher, Ludwig, 5, 173, 176first
interpreter, 32observer, 32species, 183
flow, 37
semiotic - process, 39
flying carpet, 232, 235
form, 147
ABAB -, 170
essentic -, 105
formal
background, 169
structure, 169
formula
compositional -, 192
fortissimo, 67
Foster Jenkins, Florence, 239
four part
texture, 175
four-note
pulse, 105
Fourier
analysis, 106
decomposition, 29
spectrum, 181
theorem, 22
fourth, 61
frame, 188, 247
of the performance, 82
free jazz, 3, 37, 38
freedom
of interpretation, 32
freezing process
gesture -, 28
Freischutz, 19
French
gesture theory, 122
frequency, 59
Friberg, Anders, 107, 132, 135, 143, 163,164, 193
Friedrich, Caspar David, 32
Fryden, Lars, 135, 143
function
encoding -, 164
Riemann -, 135, 156
future
of performance theory, 251
Fuxian
counterpoint, 104
fuzzy
mapper, 132
value, 156
fuzzy mapper, 109
Index 273
GGoller, Stefan, ix, 84Gabrielsson, Alf, 18, 50, 110Galilei, Galileo, 49, 96gamba, 176Garbers, Jorg, 187gender, 101genealogical
development, 192inheritance process, 46tree, 46, 195
generalposition, 177, 178, 183
generality, 200generative
rule, 163Generative Theory of Tonal Music, 34,
95generic
operator, 161geometric
conditions, 183constraint, 129constraints, 127language, 121parameter, 180representation, 120
geometryalgebraic -, 230
GERMmodel, 163
Gesange der Fruhe, op. 133, 109Gestalt, 53gestural
action, 127coordinate, 122deployment, 192embodiment, 14, 166epressivity, 94, 105expressivity, 132, 191interface, 199network, 200performance, 121philosophy, 121process, 199rationale, 217, 242symbol, 127vibration, 121
gesturality, 200
gesture, 5, 25, 29, 37, 40, 93, 98, 115,117, 118, 242, 248
characteristic -, 116deep-frozen -, 127definition of -, 130freezing process, 28mimic -, 121of gestures, 123philosophy, 130physical - curve, 127symbolic -, 127symbolic - curve, 127theory, 115, 121
French -, 122mathematical -, 129
gesture’sbody, 130skeleton, 130
gesturesmorphism of -, 131thawing to -, 28
glissando, 62, 79global
context, 44metric, 152rhythmic, 152technical
parameter, 180God, 243Gottschewski, Hermann, 18, 50Gould, Glenn, 32, 126, 211, 214, 240,
243gradient, 162grammar
performance -, 241graph
directed -, 130Riemann -, 156
groupsymmetry -, 210
groupingrule, 144
Guarneri, 181Gumpert, Hans Ulrich, 193
HHaba, Alois, 66Hammerklavier Sonata op. 106, 19, 131,
241
274 Index
Hancock, Herbie, 172hand, 127
pianist’s -, 126, 130happiness, 109, 132happy
music, 111Happy Birthday to You, 174Harmo
Rubette, 156, 201rubette, 209
harmonicanalysis, 147, 155, 188, 191, 197, 205,
209charge, 191modulation, 30relation, 175weight of a chord, 157
harmony, 108, 156, 183Hatten, Robert S, 115Hawking, Stephen, 38Haydn, Joseph, 106, 173, 175, 184Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 13Heinitz, Wilhelm, 19hemisphere
right -, 102Hentoff, Nat, 93herarchies
of tempi, 56Hertz, 59Heschl gyri, 59Heusen, Jimmy Van, 166hierarchical
averaging, 219hierarchy
of bandwidths, 220of sound parameters, 46of spaces, 78parallel -, 197performance -, 89, 162, 188, 248piano -, 89tempo -, 193, 195
High Loud, 144historical
context, 216root, 174
historyof tempo, 52, 54performance -, 198
Hjelmslev, Louis, 26
Hohlfeld, Johann, 17Holdman, James, ix, 66holistic
music processing, 102Honing, Henkjan, 48, 193Horace, 191Horowitz factor, 205Horowitz, Vladimir, 6, 126, 201, 205,
217, 223, 235, 236human
behavior, 97brain, 165voice, 13, 177
Hus, Jan, 217hypercube of musical
oniontology, 26hypergesture, 123, 131
II Thought About You, 163, 166, 168,
170I, the, 120ideality, 15idelogical positions, 95identical
reproduction, 119identity, 135
distributed -, 40imaginary
time, 38time-space, 38, 166
imperfection, 192, 193impression, 34Impromptu, op.29, Chopin, 195improvisation, 5, 14, 35, 38, 163, 165,
247improvisational
process, 167space, 167time-space, 166
improviser, 34, 37, 39independent
linearly -, 64, 177position, 177
ineffable, 98infinite
message, 239infinitely
small, 74
Index 275
infinitesimaldefinition, 73
influencecausal -, 232final -, 232
inheritance, 196, 233initial
performance, 82, 83, 188, 247set, 83, 247
innerear -, 59score, 166
innervationmimic -, 119
inprovisation, 248input
symbolic -, 148instructor, 84instrument, 45instrumental
interface, 28, 37parameter, 180variety, 183vector, 181, 182
instrumentation, 174integral
curve, 82inter-rubette
communication, 187interaction
matrix, 233interface
gestural -, 199instrumental -, 28, 37
interhemisphericcoherence
EEG -, 102interiorization, 122intermodal, 116internal
movement, 125interpolation
field -, 229interpretation, freedom of -, 32Interpretationsanalyse, 16interpreter, 27, 30, 119, 121interpreter, first -, 32interval
consonant -, 61
microtonal -, 62intonation, 58intrinsic, 98inventio, 12Invention for two voices, F major, BWV
779, J.S. Bach, 144inverse
performance, 6theory, 227, 235
inversion, 138, 210retrograde-, 202, 210
Iowa Piano Camera, 18ISC (Impression, Schematization,
Comprehension), 34, 94, 95isomorphism, 111
classes of melodies, 113istesso tempo, 51
JJanosy, Zotlan, 18Jackendoff, Ray, 34, 95, 150, 151Jacobian, 229
matrix, 72Java, 187jazz, 3, 5, 35, 37, 53, 166, 192, 247
education, 170free -, 3, 37, 38standard, 167whitened -, 37
JoachimKaiser, 240
joystick, 123Jupiter Symphony, Mozart, 151Juslin, Patrick N, 97, 108, 163just
tuning, 60, 63, 64
Kkairos, 40Kaiser
Joachim -, 240Kalix, Adalbert, 19Kant, Immanuel, 21kernel
Naradaya-Watson -, 219smoothing, 220symbolic -, 159, 188, 247
keyboardmusic, 16
276 Index
piano -, 127Kinderszenen, 6Kinderszenen, op.15, 201, 206King, Emily, ixKlavier-Cembalo, 17Koelsch, Stefan, 101Kopiez, Reinhard, 11, 16, 106Kronman, Ulf, 124, 164KTH, 201, 248
rules, 148school, 197, 217system, 144, 147, 163, 191, 192
Kungliga Tekniska Hgskolan (KTH), 143Kunst der Fuge, 6, 154, 198, 208, 215
contrapunctus III/-, 209, 211Kuriose Geschichte, op.15/2, 206
LLaban
notation, 36Laban, Rudolf von, 36Langer, Susan, 110Langner, Jorg, 106language, 110, 122
geometric -, 121law
Weber-Fechner -, 60Lawrence, David Herbert, 227Lazarus, Richard S., 99lead sheet, 37, 166leaf, 197, 207, 230, 231length
of a local meter, 150lense
model, 108Lerdahl, Fred, 34, 95, 150, 151level
artistic -, 193mental -, 166
Lewin, David, 116Lewis, Irving, 98Lie
operator, 162, 234, 251Lie derivative, 162Lie-type
field, 231life
emotive -, 110family -, 231
limbicsystem, 103
limbs, 130line
melodic -, 167linear
approximation, 71map, 72
linearlyindependent, 64, 177
Lipschitz, 82Lipscomb, Scott, 95liquid
lymphic -, 59Lisp, 143listener, 34, 227
female -, 101male -, 101
listeningprocedure, 164
Listenius, Nikolaus, 12Liszt, Franz, 16Livingstone, Steven R, 110local
coherenceEEG -, 102
context, 44meter, 150, 199, 201, 209
length of a -, 150maximal -, 150
performancescore, 188, 196
technicalparameter, 181
local deviation oftempo, 51
localizationEEG -, 101
locallylinear
performance grammar, 165locally constant
tempo, 50logarithm, 60
of tempo, 222logic, 192logical
evolution, 192tree, 193
Index 277
loop, 131loudnes, 67loudness, 60
change, 79physical -, 67
LPS, 188, 196, 232daughter -, 196mother -, 196top -, 196
lymphicliquid, 59
MM.M. (Maelzel’s Metronome), 51Macsai, Janos, 18Mobius
strip, 165, 197Muller, Stefan, 84Mac OSX, 187machine, 34Maelzel’s metronome, 51Maelzel, Johann Nepomuk, 52major
third, 61, 63male
listener, 101mamma
curve, 195manifold, 129map
linear -, 72mapper
expression -, 132fuzzy -, 132video -, 132
Maqammusic, 66
Marceau, Marcel, 115Massinger, Philip, 135matching
algorithm, 84, 228problem, 228
mathematicalgesture theory, 129
Mathew, Max, 29matrilinear, 196matrix
interaction -, 233Jacobian -, 72
multi-agent -, 35Riemann -, 156
maximallocal meter, 150
Mazzola, Christina, vMazzola, Guerino, 135, 146, 187, 188,
199, 207Mazzola, Silvio, ixmeaning
emotional -, 105measure
physiological -, 98measurement
of performance, 18mechanical
constraints, 127model, 124ritard, 124
Medium Swing, 53Medium Up, 53Meistersinger, 19Melo
Rubette, 155, 187, 201melodic
analysis, 147, 209line, 167weight, 198, 203, 205
melodiesisomorphism classes of -, 113
melody, 108, 154Melodyne, 19, 218memoria, 13Mendelssohn, Felix, 106mental
level, 166reality, 22score, 83
Mercer, Johnny, 166message
infinite -, 239metasystem, 27meter
local -, 150, 199, 201, 209metered
time, 167method
etude -, 170methodology
Rubato -, 192
278 Index
metricglobal -, 152
metricalanalysis, 150, 199, 210profile, 153, 209time, 48weight, 149, 213
metricallydominant, 152
MetroRubette, 152, 187, 199, 201
metronomeMaelzel’s -, 51
metronomictime-space, 168
microstructure, 105microtonal
interval, 62MIDI, 18, 24, 60, 67, 78, 84, 128, 188,
195, 218Boesendorfer, 201pitch, 67velocity, 128
Milmeister, Gerard, 187mimesis, 119mimetic
category, 119mimic
gesture, 121innervation, 119
modelcircumplex -, 99, 110, 113GERM -, 163lense -, 108mechanical -, 124
modularity, 191, 199modulation
harmonic -, 30tonal -, 183
modulescategory of -, 187
Mohr, Horst, 18Molino, Jean, 23, 34, 83molto-adagio, 52Momeni, Ali, 34Monteverdi, Claudio, 12Moonrise over the Sea, 32morpheme
deictic -, 83
morphismof gestures, 131
Morsy, Karim, 188mother, 231
primary -, 231LPS, 196performance, 188primary -, 197tempo, 195
motif, 154, 202motion, 126
biological -, 164body -, 132neurophysiological -, 125
motivatedsemiotics, 27
motivessimilarity of -, 154
motivicanalysis, 154, 188, 191, 201, 210similarity -, 202weight, 209, 213, 235
motoraction, 125
movement, 122internal -, 125principle, 164
Mozartpiano sonata KV 331, 51string quartet KV 458, 102Wolfgang Amadeus, 51, 106, 115
Mozart, Leopold, 13multi-agent
communication, 34, 166matrix, 35
multitouchspace, 131
musicanalysis, 149art -, 95calm -, 111christianization of -, 118collaborative -, 173critique, 227, 252education, 200exciting -, 111happy -, 111keyboard -, 16Maqam -, 66
Index 279
of Africa, 53processing
holistic -, 102sad -, 111solemn -, 111theory, 247thinking -, 37universal function of -, 105Western -, 49, 116
music N, 29musical
acoustics, 22, 60agent, 199analysis, 135constraint, 129drama, 242ontology, 21performance, 40romanticism, 19sign, 118time, 120
musical contentscommunication of -, 173
musicianperforming -, 126
musician’sbody, 37
NNaradaya-Watson
kernel, 219narrative, 98neapolitan
chord, 101neighborhood, 155neocortex, 104nerve
auditory -, 59of a covering, 138, 151
network, 199gestural -, 200
Neubacker, Peter, 19neumatic
notation, 119neume, 127neumes, 28neurophysiological
motion, 125neuroscience, 23
neutralagent, 34analysis, 137niveau, 37, 199, 228
neutral level, 23NeXT, 202NEXTSTEP, 187, 198, 207Nietzsche, Friedrich, 36niveau
neutral -, 37, 199, 228Noll, Thomas, 150non-tempered
tuning, 60notation, 118
for parameter spaces, 69Laban -, 36neumatic -, 119tempo -, 52
noteagainst note, 175blue -, 170symbol, 127
numbercomplex -, 38rational -, 64
Oobject-oriented
programming, 147objectivity, 15Objevtice C, 187observer, 116observer, first -, 32octave, 60, 61, 63ODE, 89OFF, 78, 128offset, 46, 78Oh, My Darling Clementine, 112ON, 78, 128oniontology, 22
hypercube of musical -, 26performer’s -, 37
onset, 43, 78ontology
musical -, 21openness, 200OPENSTEP, 209operator, 188, 207, 230, 248, 249
symbolic -, 148, 166
280 Index
Beran -, 222field -, 148, 159, 188, 192generic -, 161Lie -, 162, 234, 251performance -, 159physical -, 148, 159, 160, 188, 192,
198, 204primavista -, 159, 189, 231scalar -, 188shaping -, 148split -, 159splitting -, 188symbolic -, 159, 160, 188tempo -, 160, 188, 191, 204, 205, 235
operatorsvariety of -, 161
oraleducation, 13
orchestraWagner -, 174
orchestration, 174ordinary
differential equation, 89original, 120orthonormal
decomposition, 23ossicles, 59out of time, 169output
physical -, 148
PPan, I-Yi, ixparadigm
similarity -, 154parallel
field, 78, 160hierarchy, 197of fifths, 183
parametergeometric -, 180global technical -, 180instrumental -, 180local technical -, 181sound color -, 180space, 81, 149, 183
parameter spacenotation for -, 69
paratextual
attribute, 33partials, 22path
of Riemann parameters, 156Peirce, Charles Sanders, 98percept
of self-motion, 125Performance
Rubette, 166rubette, 188, 191
performance, 184cues, 132score
local -, 196analysis of -, 132analytical -, 135, 138, 208cell, 83, 87, 159, 188, 248computer-generated -, 108creative -, 38definition of -, 28definitive -, 117education, 85emotional -, 108experiment, 212, 213expressive -, 28, 228, 230field, 4, 81, 84, 149, 200, 229, 248final -, 192frame of the -, 82genealogical theory of -, 89gestural -, 121grammar, 241
locally linear -, 165hierarchy, 89, 162, 188, 248history, 198initial -, 82, 83, 188, 247inverse -, 6measurement of -, 18mother -, 188musical -, 40of duration, 78operator, 159primavista -, 159, 192procedure, 164research, 11rule, 191science, 251score
local -, 188software, 108
Index 281
theory, 3, 12, 127, 136, 146, 164, 165,173, 187, 227, 247
experiments in -, 217future of -, 251
transformation, 4, 28, 44, 159, 247performer, 34, 36, 37, 51, 84, 117, 199performer’s
oniontology, 37performing
musician, 126period, 59, 235perspective
central -, 12Petsche, Hellmuth, 101phantasy
artistic -, 74phenomenological
property, 98philosophical
tradition, 12philosophy
dance of -, 36gestural -, 121gesture -, 130of dance, 36
physicalconstraint, 129duration, 60gesture curve, 127loudness, 67operator, 148, 159, 160, 188, 192, 198,
204output, 148pitch, 62reality, 22, 193ritard, 124space, 44time, 38, 47
physiologicalcorrelate, 125measure, 98
pianissimo, 67pianist, 126pianist’s
hand, 126, 130piano
hierarchy, 89keyboard, 127roll, 18
space, 229piano roll, 50Pianoforte Schule, 193pitch, 43, 58, 60
class, 138concert -, 63MIDI -, 67physical -, 62symbolic -, 62
pixel, 132pleasantness
axis of -, 99poiesis, 228poietic
agent, 35poietical, 23polarity, 100politically incorrect, 242Pollini, Maurizio, 195, 217polygonal approximation
of tempo, 55polyphony, 175position
general -, 177, 178, 183independent -, 177spatial -, 48
potentialbrain , 101time, 48
power, 102precision, 74prehistory
of string quartet, 174presence, 40
artistic -, 38concept of -, 38
presheaf, 187pressure
air -, 59bow -, 181
prestissimo, 52prima-vista, 89primary
mother, 197, 231Primavista
Rubette, 158rubette, 188weight, 157
primavista
282 Index
agogics, 207dynamics, 207operator, 159, 189, 231performance, 159, 192weight, 204
principal componentanalysis, 223
principleBaboushka -, 26movement -, 164
principlesof expressive performance, 161
private, 98problem
fiber -, 227matching -, 228
procedurelistening -, 164performance -, 164X-ray -, 120
process, 25, 29creative -, 35genealogical inheritance -, 46gestural -, 199improvisational -, 167reshaping -, 198thematic -, 154unfreezing -, 127
productCartesian -, 70, 82, 88, 89
profilemetrical -, 153, 209
programmingobject-oriented -, 147
progressionrhythmical -, 169time-space, 168
projectSYVAR -, 18
projection, 88, 89pronuntiatio, 13propagation
quasi-sexual -, 197properties
emergent -, 39property
phenomenological -, 98psoftware
performance -, 108
psychoacoustics, 60psychological
reality, 22psychology, 97pulse, 105
four-note -, 105puppeteer, 243Puttke, Martin, 37Pythagoras, 60
Qqualia, 98Quantz, Johann Joachim, 13quartet
string -, 173quasi-sexual
propagation, 197quasi-walking-latin-ballad, 53quatuor concertant, 174quatuor dialogue, 176quintet
string -, 183
Rrallentando, 51random
variation, 164rational
number, 64rationale, 227
analytical -, 217, 229, 242emotional -, 217gestural -, 217, 242
realtime, 48
real-timecomposer, 34
realities, 22reality
mental -, 22physical -, 22, 193psychological -, 22symbolic -, 193
recapitulation, 137, 139recorder, 174rectangle
bounding -, 133rehearsal, 46, 192Reichhardt, Johann Friedrich, 176
Index 283
relationharmonic -, 175
relative localtempo, 51
relative punctualtempo, 51
Renbarger, Cory J, ixRepp, Bruno, 6, 19, 201, 205, 206, 222,
223, 235representation
geometric -, 120reproduction
identical -, 119research
empirical -, 84performance -, 11
reshapingprocess, 198
Reti, Rudolf, 154retrograde, 202, 210retrograde-inversion, 202, 210rhetoric
communication, 241rhetorical
expression, 177expression, 95expressivity, 30, 94tradition, 13transfer, 95
rhetorics, 93, 248Rhoades, Lisa, ix, 101, 167, 168rhythm, 108rhythmic
diminution, 171global -, 152
rhythmicalanalysis, 147, 188, 191, 201, 209progression, 169
Riemannfunction, 135, 156graph, 156matrix, 156parameter
spath of -, 156theory, 155
Riemann, Hugo, 12, 15, 149, 150, 155,209
Ries, Ferdinand, 173, 175right
hemisphere, 102ritard, 164
final -, 124mechanical -, 124physical -, 124
ritardando, 51, 158roll
drum -, 193romanticism
musical -, 19root
historical -, 174Rubato, 5, 84, 96, 146, 150, 154, 187,
191, 207, 208, 215, 249Classic -, 187Composer, 187, 199methodology, 192
rubatoChopin -, 70, 193–195
Rubette, 187, 199analytical -, 188BigBang -, 199, 200, 188Espresso -, 84, 129, 200, 228Harmo -, 156, 201, 209Melo -, 155, 187, 201Metro -, 152, 187, 199, 201Performance -, 188, 191Primavista -, 158, 188
RubettePerformance -, 166rule
differentiation -, 144ensemble -, 144generative -, 163grouping -, 144performance -, 191
rulesKTH -, 148
Rulle, 143Russell, James A., 99
SSachs, Curt, 52sacred
denaturation, 119sad
music, 111sadness, 109, 132Saint Augustin, 36, 115Saint Victor, Hugues de, 130
284 Index
scalaroperator, 188
schematization, 34Schenker, Heinrich, 15, 135Schenkerian
analysis, 192Schilling, Gustav, 12, 13schizophrenia, 103Schoenberg, Arnold, 37, 94, 183school
KTH -, 197, 217Schubert, Franz, 106, 115Schumann, Robert, 6, 65, 94, 106, 109,
122, 176, 184, 201, 206, 235science
cognitive -, 164performance -, 251
score, 27, 31, 33, 43, 62, 105, 119, 127,135, 150, 154, 157, 164, 192, 197,199, 200, 214, 227, 242
inner -, 166mental -, 83
Seashoretest, 18
Seashore, Carl, 11, 18Sechs Bagatellen fur Streichquartett
op.9, Webern, 137Seipp, Rosina, 18self-motio
percept of -, 125self-report, 98semantic
epressivity, 95expressivity, 94
semantics, 93semi-tone, 60semiotic
structure, 14epressivity, 164expressivity, 28flow process, 39
semiotics, 22axis of -, 37motivated -, 27
sentograph, 112, 123series
time -, 219Sessions, Roger, 116set
initial -, 83, 247Shaffer, L. Henry, 18shaping
operator, 148strategies, 5vector, 222
shifttemporal -, 169
shifter, 83, 118, 120Shorter, Wayne, 172sign
musical -, 118signification, 24similarity
motivic -, 202of motives, 154paradigm, 154
simplex, 152simultaneous
tempi, 55sister, 231, 233sisters, 235skeleton
gesture’s -, 130Sloboda, John A., 97small
infinitely -, 74smoothing
kernel -, 220solemn
music, 111sonata
theory, 137sonic
analysis, 211soprano, 210sore, 14sound, 59
colorparameter, 180
space, 177, 178, 182speech, 175
sound parameterhierarchy of -, 46
soundsbody of -, 37
space, 37, 120, 121, 166collaborative -, 199Euler -, 64
Index 285
improvisational -, 167multitouch -, 131parameter -, 81, 149, 183physical -, 44piano -, 229sound -, 177, 178, 182symbolic -, 44tangent -, 229
space-time, 120, 130spaces
hierarchy of -, 78span, 210spatial
concept, 122position, 48
spatialization, 31, 119species
first -, 183spectrum, 220
Fourier -, 181speculum musicae, 64speech
sound -, 175spline, 203, 205
cubic -, 150split
operator, 159splitting
operator, 188spontaneity, 38sponteaneity, 166standard
jazz -, 167Stange-Elbe, Joachim, 207–209, 214–216statistics, 218stemma, 192, 197, 204, 207, 213, 214,
230, 236theory, 148
stemmaticevolution, 193
Stimmung, 62strategies
shaping -, 5strategy
experimental -, 211, 212, 214target-driven -, 211, 214
stringquartet, 173
theory, 173
quintet, 183string quartet
prehistory of -, 174theory, 5, 65, 184
string quartet KV 458, Mozart, 102string quartet op.130, Beethoven, 174String Trio op.45, Schoenberg, 94stringendo, 51strip
Mobius -, 165, 197structure
semiotic, 14formal -, 169theory, 3
structures pour deux pianos, 188subdominant, 155submotif, 155substitution
tritone -, 169Sundberg, Johan, 107, 124, 135, 143, 164suspension, 221swing, 171syllogism, 192symbol
dynamical -, 67gestural -, 127note -, 127
symbolicdynamics, 67gesture, 127gesture curve, 127input, 148kernel, 159, 188, 247operator, 148, 159, 160, 166, 188pitch, 62reality, 193space, 44time, 47transformation, 166
symmetrygroup, 210
synchronicdistance -, 31
synthesisanalysis by -, 144, 197
systemKTH -, 144, 147, 163, 191, 192limbic -, 103variable, 232
286 Index
vestibular , 125SYVAR
project, 18
TTurk, Daniel Gottlob, 13tangent
space, 229target-driven
strategy, 211, 214Taylor, Cecil, 116, 126team, 133Tekniska museet Stockholm, 133tempi
adjacent -, 51herarchies of -, 56simultaneous -, 55
tempo, 33, 47, 48, 62, 124, 132, 164, 193a -, 51absolute -, 51curve, 158, 195, 205daughter -, 195di A-train, 53ethnography of -, 52hierarchy, 193, 195history of -, 52, 54istesso -, 51local deviation of -, 51locally constant -, 50logarithm of -, 222mother -, 195notation, 52operator, 160, 188, 191, 204, 205, 235polygonal approximation of -, 55relative local -, 51relative punctual -, 51theory, 193
temporalelasticity, 169shift, 169
temporal lobe, 59tenor, 210tension, 169test
Seashore -, 18tetractys, 61texture
four part -, 175Thalmann, Florian, ix, 188
thawingto gestures, 28
thematicprocess, 154
theoremFourier -, 22
theoriestuning -, 60
theory, 251contrapuntal -, 64expressive -, 4, 93, 95expressive performance -, 96, 248genealogical - of performance, 89gesture -, 115, 121inverse performance -, 227, 235mathematical gesture -, 129music -, 247of oscillating systems, 106performance -, 3, 12, 127, 136, 146,
164, 165, 173, 187, 227, 247Riemann -, 155sonata -, 137stemma -, 148string quartet -, 5, 65, 173, 184structure -, 3tempo -, 193topos -, 147transformational -, 116
Thiele, Bob, 93thinking
music, 37third
major -, 61, 63timbre, 108time, 36, 115, 120
axis, 31body of -, 37, 40, 116, 166continuous -, 48discrete -, 48imaginary -, 38metered -, 167metrical -, 48musical -, 120out of -, 169physical -, 38, 47potential -, 48real -, 48series, 219symbolic -, 47
Index 287
time-spacimaginary -, 166improvisational -, 166
time-space, 38advancement -, 169emergence -, 168imaginary -, 38metronomic -, 168progression -, 168
timing, 108Todd, Neil P McAgnus, 124, 125, 164,
193, 206Todd, Neil P. McAgnus, 124Tolstoi, Leo, 163tonal
modulation, 183tonality, 108tonic, 155tool
analytical -, 150top
LPS, 196topos, 187
of conversation, 175theory, 147
torch song, 170TOS, 106totality, 15Traumerei, op.15/7, 152, 155Traumerei, op.15/7, 6, 94, 153, 201, 210,
216, 218, 219, 222, 235tradition
empirical -, 16linguistic rhetorical -, 13philosophical -, 12
transferrhetorical -, 95
transformationaffine -, 199performance -, 28, 44, 159, 247symbolic -, 166
transformationaltheory, 116
transitionweight, 156
transversalethnology, 31
treegenealogical -, 46, 195
logical -, 193trial an error, 144trill, 160tritone
substitution, 169Tschaikowsky, Peter, 103tuning, 58
12-tempered -, 60, 64, 66just -, 60, 63, 64non-tempered -, 60theories, 60
turn, 171
UUhde, Jurgen, 121unfreezing
process, 127Ungvary, Tamas, 123universal
function of music, 105
VValery, Paul, 3, 23, 36, 81, 83, 87value
fuzzy -, 156variable
system -, 232variation
random -, 164variety
instrumental -, 183of operators, 161
Vasari, 12vector
analytical -, 222field, 70, 162instrumental -, 181, 182shaping -, 222
velocity, 67bow -, 181MIDI -, 128
verbaldescription, 98
Verrillo, Ronald T, 164vestibular
system, 125vibration
gestural -, 121vibrato, 180
288 Index
videomapper, 132
Vienneseclassicism, 140
Viennese schoolsecond, 15
Vinci, Leonardo da, 47viola, 173violin, 173violins
family of -, 175, 176, 178, 183violoncello, 173visualization, 200, 229visuals, 95vocalization, 98voice, 209, 210
fifth -, 175, 184human -, 13, 177
Volk-Fleischer, Anja, 150, 153, 187Vortragslehre, 16
WWolfli, Adolf, 103Wagner
orchestra, 174Wagner, Christoph, 18Wagner, Richard, 33Washington, Dinah, 170Weber-Fechner
law, 60Webern, Anton, 15, 65, 137, 140, 141,
240weight, 191, 199, 201, 210, 232, 249, 251
analytical -, 5, 148, 149, 188, 230
functioncontinuous -, 150
harmonic - of a chord, 157melodic -, 198, 203, 205metrical -, 149, 213motivic -, 209, 213, 235Primavista -, 157primavista -, 204transition -, 156
WeightWatcher, 191, 214Weltanschauung, 95Western
culture, 105music, 49, 116
When I fall in Love, 112whitened
jazz, 37Widmer, Gerhard, 19Wieland, Renate, 121, 122, 130, 131Wieser, Heinz-Gregor, 103Williams, Tony, 172Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 25work, 27
autonomous -, 14of art, 83
XX-ray
procedure, 120
ZZahorka, Oliver, 146, 187, 193, 207Zielinski, Nickolai, ix