Part D: Indiana Normal School

Because of the scope of this history, it is impossible to go into great detail in covering the progress of Indiana Normal School during the period 1891-1916. By 1900 the size of the campus had grown to 25.2 acres and remained about the same until 1910, when it was 25.7 acres. Nearly 6 112 acres was purchased in September 1891 from Mrs. Sarah S. Sutton for $6,500 and shortly afterward, six acres of the old fair grounds was a~quired.~4

Numerous physical improvements were made. In September 1891 an electric arc light on a pole was placed on campus, and in 1892 the old main building of the Indiana County Fairground was purchased and moved to the campus for use as a gymnasium.45 In August 1893 an ap- propriation of $44,000 from the State enabled the construction of a model school and boys dormitory. In February 1894 the contract was awarded to Kennedy, Hamilton & Co. (reported in the Gazette as Fair & Hamilton of Blairsville). The new buildings were accepted in August.

brick was 150 x 40 feet, three stories, with a ned eight large classrooms and play

r use on stormy dayrs."46 cal wiring of all buildings was given to for $1,200. The work was completed included a new "electric clock" in the

control the bellet, a homedrawn mower, a house and telephones, six tennis courts, and a supplanted the -cia1 gas system

txmhted of 600 fourteen canh,lepower bulbs. The chapel contained QQ ligbb. The grandstand wa@, enlarged and bleachers added during J898-97 and 1902.47

The main stairway in the old main building was rebuilt in 1902, the old stairway said to be sinking and unsafe. The next year d the build- ings were given names. The original buikling was hencefopward known

[ aa John Sutton H a , the model school as the A. W. WWxn building; and

) the boys dormitory was named fox Judgs Silas M. Clark." I In 1903 another State appropriation of $75,000 enabled constrqc- I tion of Jane E. Leonard Hall, a d Thomas Swtton Hall. The contract

was awarded in April 1904 to E. M. W r d of Indiana, and ground broken May 4. Cl- began February 218, 1905 in Leonard Hall. Thomas Sutton Hall was. dedicated June 8. Leonard Hall had 24 class- moms and was 130 x 123 feet. Thomas Sutton Hall, three stories, was 123 x 92 fwt and contained a laundry in the basement, dining room and kitchens on the first floor, musical conservatory on the second, and girls dormitory rooms on the third. A memorial window in Lsonard Hall, presented by the Class of 1893, portrayed a Grecian female figure hold- ing the lamp of knowledge and an open book. It was designed by Rudy B m . , Pittsburgh.49

Clark Hall burned December I, 1905, A full account is in III:324- 330. W. J. Shaw, architect, of Pittsburgh drew up plans for a new build- ing in February 1906. The cornemtone, containing a tin box of pictures and other items was laid June 4. Dedication ceremonies on January 12, 1907 featured a remark by H a w White that Silas M. Clark "perhaps more than any other man desewes credit for the present status of the school."^

About 1909 a cold storage plant was annexed to Thomas Sutton Hall, with ice-making equipment. In 1910 the Clarence Smith property was rented for use as girls' quarters, located on the other side of the railroad tracks (Pratt Drive) facing or near Locust Street. Known as "Clarence Hall," the three-year lease coast $1200 per year. Two other building projects that year were an annex to Thomas Sutton Dining Hall, seating

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&ice. to make a formal demand for the office. Waller refused. On June 1 W the Attorney General under a Writ of Quowarranto brought the case b the Dauphin County Court, which filed a Judgment of Ouster July 16 rrbathg essentially that Waller should vacate the office since he held no ~ i s s i o n , but that ,Snyder could not serve because the Senate had not canfirmed him. Waller's attorneys filed twelve exceptions on August 5 which were overruled September 29. Waller then appealed to the Pen- nsylvania Supreme Court which reversed the lower courts in favor of Wdler on October 26, 1891, all Justices being present except Silas M. Clark.66

During this period the course offerings were considerably strengthened. A military drill company had been organized in 1890 equipped with rifles supplied by the State and in 1892 an armory was es- tablished in the basement of John Sutton Hall. In June 1892 vocal music was made a separate department and J. Lisle Apple el& instructor. The foreign language department was instituted in 1896, a two-year course in French and German. In 1900 the regular Normal course was extended to t h m years for a teaching cerCiFte8te. The first three-year class graduated in June 1903. In 1910 the Normal course was again ex- tended to four years. In July 1906 IGsmlin E. Cogswell arrived to take charge of the music department, and under hi guidance the music department became one of the best in the State. A new music conser- vatory had been built the year before as part of Thomas Sutton Hall. With him came his wife, Dorothy, who taught voice culture and history of music; and his daughter Edna Allan, teaching piano and organ. Mrs. Cogswell wrote the "Alma Mater" song for the Normal School. In August 1906 a pipe organ was being installed in the chapel, a tracker action in- strument of two manuals and thirty stops, measuring 22 x 22 feet. It had been purchased from a United Presbyterian church in Pittsburgh and was played for the first time November 23 with Miss Cogswell a t the console. A symphony orchestra was organized and gave its first concert in the chapel in 1913. Cogswell organized and directed a military band in 1907 and directed the Indiana Choral Society which gave a number of concerts in Library Hall, accompanied by the Pittsburgh Festival Or- chestra. His composition, "The Spirit of Indiana," went on sale in 1913. Cogswell resigned a t the cloee of the 1915 term to accept a position as director of music in Washington D. C. The School of Business was also outstanding and Dr. Arnent declared in 1907 "So thorough and excellent is the business course that many graduate from it not to teach, but to take up business careers." The excellence of the music, business, fine arts and foreign language courses, he felt, made "the normal school a desirable institution in which to obtain a general education for any purpose in

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and 88 complimentary weekly and daily papers including seven of In- diana County.el

In addition to the annual catalogues, a number of other publications appeared. T h e Normal Herald, a quarterly, began publication in February 1895. The yearbooks at first appeared on an irregular basis. The Instano began in 1912 and annually thereafter until 1927. E. Gertrude London's unpublished thesis, History of Our Normal Wool, was dated 1904 and Will Grant Chambers' Organization of the Public Schools of Indiana, Pa. as a System of Pract ice and Training Schools for t h e State Normal School the same year. He later was Dean of Education a t the University of P i t t s b ~ r g h . ~ ~

Relationships with the community, for the most part, seem to have been cordial, although in 1895 West Indiana Borough assessed the Nor- mal School a t $112,000 and attempted to impose a five-mill tax. The County Commissioners, however, removed the school from the list of tax- ab le~ in April. A small advertisement in 1916 read "Mr. Farmer: The Indiana Normal School will need 4,000 bushels of potatoes this coming fall. Why not raise your share of these potat0es?"~3

Beginning about 1897, and continuing for many years, a growing sentiment in many quarters supported the idea that the State should take over ownership of the Normal Schools. These feelings were the result of almost continuous financial shortages. Whenever money was needed for a new building or other major improvement, the Normal School principals had to go begging to the General Assembly for an ap- propriation. At Indiana the matter was discussed first in January 1912 when Dr. Ament told the trustees it would be best if needed school im- provements could be completed "before some combination of circumstan- cers might force us to place the school under the full control of the State." In May the trustees decided they "did not a t the present time wish to enter into negotiations for its sale to the State." By 1913 West Chester had been purchased by the State and the constitutionality of State owner- ship was being tried in the Dauphin County Court. Dr. Ament, however, opposed State ownership. In an address to the Allegheny County Alum- ni Association in Pittsburgh April 4, 1913 he felt the politicians would follow their "usual practice" and "consider this as a valuable political asset." He declared "It may be that we will be forced into absolute State ownership but Indiana, for one, would rather stay just the way we are." By 1916 he was still opposed despite the fact that ten of the thirteen State Normal schools by that time had been taken over by the State.64