Part 5Part 5

UTRAN Nokia PlatformsUTRAN Nokia Platforms

Nokia hardware platform

IPA2800 Nokia IP

DX200

HP/SUN

RNC

Radio Access NetworkMSC

NMS

TCSM

RANRAN Mobility Core

BSC MSC

MGW

2GSGSN

3GSGSN

RNC

RNC

A

Iu-PS

Gb

Iu-CS

Abis

Iub

Iur

GSM BTS

Triple

Mode

BTS

WCDMA BTS

IPBBWCDMA BTS

UTRAN architecture

Mobility CoreUTRANUTRAN

MSC

MGW

3GSGSN

RNC

RNC

Iu-CS

Iu-PS

Iur

Iu-CS

Iub

Iub

Iur

RNC

Iu-PS

WCDMA BTS

WCDMA BTS

WCDMA BTS

WCDMA BTS

Iur-Interface & Soft HandoverCN (Core Network)

circuit switched (cs) domain

packetswitched (ps) domain

3GMSC/VLR

3GSGSN

UTRAN

RNC

Node B

Node B

RNC

Node B

Node B (RNS)

Radio Network Subsystem (RNS)

Iub

Iub

Iur

Iu-PS

Iu-CS

Uu

UuUE

I can be connected to several

cells simultaneo

usly

Duplication of DL traffic, selection of UL

traffic

Radio Network Controller

Radio network supervisionRadio resource managementMobility managementSupport open interfaces Iu & IurFlexible and modular platform in Nokia's versionHeight 1.8mWidth 0.6m Depth 0.6m

IF/IS Handover Measurement Triggering Reasons

4. DL DPCH approaches itsmaximum allowed powerFMCI: IFHOcauseTxPwrDLFMCG: GSMcauseTxPwrDL

5. Quality deterioration report from UL outer loop PCFMCI: IFHOcauseUplinkQualityFMCG: GSMcauseUplinkQuality

3. UE Tx power approaches itsmaximum allowed power, event 6A/6DFMCI: IFHOcauseTxPwrULFMCG: GSMcauseTxPwrUL

2 . Low measured absoluteCPICH RSCP, events 1E/1FFMCI: IFHOcauseCPICHrscp, FMCG: GSMcauseCPICHrscp

1. Low measured absolute CPICH Ec/No, event 1E/1F FMCI: IFHOcauseCPICHEcNoFMCG: GSMcauseCPICHEcNo

Measurement

Trigger

6 . Others- Load and Service based HO- IMSI based HO- Emergency ISHO

Frequency Measuring Control for Inter-Frequency = FMCIFrequency Measuring Control for Inter-System (GSM) = FMCG

Load based Handover GSM -> WCDMA

100%

80%

0%

Load reason Handoversfor speech

Load of GSM cell

Packet Data to WCDMAregardless of GSM load

Speech to WCDMAonly with high GSM load

Higher bit ratesfor data users

More capacity for

speech

Packet BCCH parameters can be usedto push GPRS mobiles to WCDMA

GSM

GSM

Load and Coverage Reason Handover

GSM

GSM highloaded

WCDMA lowloaded

GSM GSMWCDMA WCDMA

Load reason Handover for speech and for HSCSD

WCDMA GSM

Load reason Handover

Coverage reason Handover

WCDMA can be usedto relieve GSM overload

GSM can be used to extend WCDMA coverage area

Mobile moving

Radio Network Controller site solution

1 2

3

4

5

Scalable traffic capacity in 5 steps

• 48 - 196 Mbit/s nominal capacity• Any traffic mix of voice and data• Redundant structure

1800 mm

600 mm

600 + 600 mm

RNC Capacities

Base station sites:• Macrocell sites• Microcell sites• Picocell sites

Nokia WCDMA base station solution

Contents

Nokia WCDMA base station products

Nokia WCDMA base station architectures and configurations

Base station performance

What is the difference betweensite, cell and sector?

A site is a physical cabinet with carriers/TRXs.A site may have one or more cells.Cells that belong to a site with more than one cell are usually referred to as a sector.WCDMA

- 1 carrier= 5MHzGSM

- 1 TRX ~ 7 traffic channels

Different frequencies

RAS05.1ED (WBTS3.3)Configuration Type HW / RF modules1 8W COC,

FSC1 * Single

2+2+2 20W COC, FSi

1 * Dual + 1 * Single

2+2 20W COC, FSi

1 * Dual

2 20W COC, FSi

1 * Single

2+2+2 20W FSC 3 * Single2+2 20W FSC 2 * Single1+1+1+1 20/40W UOC,F

Si2 * Dual

1+1+1, 2+2+2 20/40W UOC, FSi

3 * Dual

1+1, 2+2 20/40W

UOC, FSi

2 * Dual

1-omni, 2-omni 20/40W UOC, FSi

1 * Dual

* = HW available in 2H/07 (after RAS05.1ED)

RAS05.1 (WBTS3.2)Configuration Type HW / RF modules1+1+1 20/40W

COC, FSi

1 * Single + 1 * Dual(2 * Dual possible too)

1+1+1 20/40W

FSC 3 x Single

1+1 20/40W COC, FSi

1 x Dual

1+1 20/40W

FSC 2 x Single

1 20/40W

COC, FSC

1 * Single

FrequenciesConfigurations

Available (est.)

4Q/2006

2Q/2007

3Q/2007

RAS05.1

RAS05.1 ED

RAS06

1Q/2008RAS06 ED

COC = Cost Optimized Configuration, 1 x Dual and 1 x Single RF Modules.FSC = Feederless Site Configuration, 1 x Single RF Module per sector.UOC = Upgrade Optimized Configuration, 1 x Dual RF Module per sector.FSi = Feederless Site Installation possible

3 * SingleFSC2+1+1 20W

RAS06 (WBTS4.0)

3 * DualUOC, FSi2+1+1 40W

1 * Dual + 1 * SingleCOC, FSi2+1+1 20WHW / RF modulesTypeConfiguration

3 * SingleFSC2+1+1 20W

RAS06 (WBTS4.0)

3 * DualUOC, FSi2+1+1 40W

1 * Dual + 1 * SingleCOC, FSi2+1+1 20WHW / RF modulesTypeConfiguration

3 * DualUOC, FSi3+3+3 20W

3 * DualUOC, FSi6x2 20W

RAS07, planned SW support for:

3 * DualUOC, FSi6x1 20/40W3 * DualUOC, FSi4+4+4 20W

HW / RF modulesTypeConfiguration3 * DualUOC, FSi3+3+3 20W

3 * DualUOC, FSi6x2 20W

RAS07, planned SW support for:

3 * DualUOC, FSi6x1 20/40W3 * DualUOC, FSi4+4+4 20W

HW / RF modulesTypeConfiguration

1900900850

1.7/2.12100

Band

IIFRFA/FRFB*VIIIFRDA/FRDB*VFRCA/FRCB*IVFRIA/FRIBIFRGC/FRGD

3GPP bandRF module Dual/Single

1900900850

1.7/2.12100

Band

IIFRFA/FRFB*VIIIFRDA/FRDB*VFRCA/FRCB*IVFRIA/FRIBIFRGC/FRGD

3GPP bandRF module Dual/Single

+ FREA 1700/1800

Base station performance in different frequency bands

The specification requirements for base station sensitivity and transmit power is same in all frequency bands

Operating Band

UL Frequencies UE transmit, Node B receive

DL frequencies UE receive, Node B transmit

I 1920 – 1980 MHz 2110 –2170 MHz II 1850 –1910 MHz 1930 –1990 MHz III 1710-1785 MHz 1805-1880 MHz IV 1710-1755 MHz 2110-2155 MHz V 824 – 849 MHz 869-894 MHz VI 830-840 MHz 875-885 MHz VII 2500-2570 MHz 2620-2690 MHz VIII 880 – 915 MHz 925 – 960 MHz IX 1749.9-1784.9 MHz 1844.9-1879.9 MHz

101010010101010001Iub InterfaceATM

Uu InterfaceWCDMA

Cellular Transmission managementManaging ATM switching and multiplexing

over the Iub interface. Control of AAL2/AAL5 connections. Control of the physical

transmission interfaces – E1, PDH, SDH or microwave.

Air Interface management. Controlling Uplink and Downlink

radio paths on the Uu Air Interface. Baseband to RF conversion. Antenna multi-

coupling.

O&M Processing.Interfacing with NMS

and RNC for alarm and control (Operations and Maintenance) functions.

Radio Channel functions.Logical to physical channel

mappings. Encoding/Decoding – Spreading/Despreading user

traffic and signalling.

RNC

Node B (WBTS) Tasks & Functions

Area type Dense Urban

Urban Suburb Rural

Speech 92 93 95 95 %144 kb/s NRT 85 85 85 85 %GSM1800 speech 85 85 85 85 %Cell range 1 1.6 2.3 5.2 km

Factors affecting cell size include:

Frequency band - 2000MHz much higher than GSM networks.

Traffic types - WCDMA user data rates drop off as the user moves further away from the Node B

User levels - Demand for mobile services will increase, leading to much greater user densities

Fast Data Users

Voice and Slow Data

Users

average projected coverage

WCDMA Cell Coverage

Voice traffic

Data Traffic

Soft Capacity

Cap

acity

per

cel

l per

car

rier

800kbps L1 rate

50 Erlang

More Voice Users Traffic Mix More Data Users

100% 50% 0% Load per carrier

Out

put P

ower

"Safe area"

Once Output Power Level on Uplink passes the Safe Area limit, the WCDMA air interface becomes flexible and after unstable. Load per carrier must be kept

below this limit

WCDMA Cell Capacity

Flexible areaunstable area

Nokia Flexi WCDMA Base StationWide Area high capacity WCDMA BTS;Modular structure enabling flexible expansions;Radio module;System module;Optional Power supply module;Optional Transmission Hub module;Modules can be used as building blocks for;Indoor sites;Outdoor sites;Macro, Mini sites;Feeder-less sites;Remote RF-Head/Distributed BTS;Small size Easier site acquisition;Nokia excellent Radio performance and high

12 carrier capacity

Height 133 mm

Width 448 mm for 19” rack installationDepth 410 mm without covers,

574 mm with front and back covers

Nokia Flexi WCDMA Base Station architecture

Open OBSAI (Open Base Station Architecture Initiative) interfacesDistributed Site SolutionCommon standard for different vendors

OBSAI Interface

OBSAI Interface

TRANSMISSIONTRANSMISSION ATM/IP/PDH/ATM/IP/PDH/SDHSDH

OBSAI Interface

PROCESSINGPROCESSING Base bandBase band

OBSAI InterfaceRADIORADIO WCDMA 2100 WCDMA 2100 MHzMHz

OBSAI Interface

CONTROLCONTROL

Additional FrequenciesAdditional FrequenciesNew radiosNew radios

Inside Nokia UltraSite EDGE BTS

Wall, stand, pole

Floor, rack

At the base of a mast, tower

At the top of a mast, tower

Space limited site

Remote RF- Head/Distributed BTS

Site solutions – Flexi BTS architecture

Nokia WCDMA base station architectures and configurations

Nokia WCDMA base station products have different architectures optimised for different requirements (capacity, coverage, site type etc.)Flexi base station (our main focus)

Ultrasite

Metrosite 50Latest version of the Metrosite base station

Configurations supported by each Node B type

Indoor and

Outdoor UltraSit

e Suprem

e

Indoor UltraSit

e Optima

Outdoor UltraSit

e Optima Compac

t (RF ext.)

Outdoor UltraSit

e Optima Compact (IBBU)

Indoor and

Outdoor UltraSite Triple Mode

MetroSite

MetroSite 50

Flexi

1+1+1+1+1+1 CEC Yes No Yes No No No No Yes1+1+1 CEC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes2+2+2 CEC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes1+1+1 ROC Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes NoOmni (single carrier) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesOmni (dual carrier) Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes

Nokia WCDMA base station products

Nokia WCDMA base station architectures and configurationsFlexi base station (our main focus)UltrasiteMetrosite

Nokia WCDMA base station performance

Nokia Flexi base station architecture

Nokia Flexi base station consists of three main modulesRF module Antenna filter Power amplifier Combiner DA/AD converter MHA power feed Remote tilting

System module Signal processing Transmission, Iub

Transmission module Optional Transmission hub

Optional Outdoor cabinet

BTS SystemModule

2 x 50 W RF Module 1…2 sector site

1+1 @ min. 40 W2+2 @ min 20 W

AC-> DC BBUAC (Optional)

Iub to RNCIub to BTS 2Iub to BTS n

Iub to BTS 1

OptionalTransmission Hub

50 W RF Module

3 sector site1+1+1 @ min 40 W2+2+2 @ min 20 W

Power consumption less

than 1 kW DC

Start up configuration:

1 system module+

2 RF modules(2+2+2) @ 20

W

Flexible BTS Siteevolution…

Optional Outdoor cabinet

BTS SystemModule

2 x 50 W RF Module

2 x 50 RF Module

… to Complete BTS SiteSolution

Iub to RNCIub to BTS 2Iub to BTS n

Iub to BTS 1

OptionalTransmission Hub

Optional2nd System Module

AC-> DC BBUAC (Optional)

•12 carriers•6 sectors

2 x 50 RF Module

3 sector site:2+2+2 @ min 40 W

or4+4+4 @ min 20 W

or6 sector site:6 x 2 @ min 20 W

BTS SystemModule

TwoPA RF Module

OnePA RF Module

Sector 1Sector 2

Sector 3

• with minimum 3-sector RF Module configuration

• Two PA RF Module• One PA RF Module

30 W PA

TX1

TX1 & RX1 Div RX1

1+1+1 @ 20 W

30 W PA

Sector 1

30 W PA

TX1

TX1

Sector 2

Sector 3 TX1 & RX1 Div RX1

TX1 & RX1 Div RX1

50 W PA

1+1+1 @ 40 W 40 W SW Licence

50 W PA

50 W PA

TX2

TX2

TX2

2+2+2 @ 20 W 2nd Carrier SW Licence

Capacity upgrade path to 2+2+2 (2/2)

Nokia Flexi WCDMA BTS Feederless Site

RF Module

RF Module

RF Module

BTS System Module Iub

Site installedoptical multimode cable up to 190 m

RF Modules located close to antennas

no 30…50 m long antenna feeders nor MHAs needed2.. 5 dB better uplink & downlink RF performanceOBSAI RP3-01 optical interface up to 190 m with

Capacity Upgrade with carrier addition

Dedicated HSPA carrier allows efficient utilisation of DL powerHSDPA traffic is not power controlled No power control headroom

CPICHCPICH

HS-DSCH

2 W

8 W

= Other common channels + R99= Other common channels + associated DCHs

CPICH

HS-DSCH

Only DCH traffic

12 W

2 W2 W

2 W

6 W

10 W total

16 W total

8 W

16 W total

Shared DCH + HSDPA

Dedicated HSDPA

Dynamic power allocation (RAS06)

BTS allocates all unused DL power up to the max cell powerAll the power available after DCH traffic, HSUPA control channels and common

channels can be used for HSDPA

PtxMax is the cell maximum output power defined by the management parameter PtxCellMax and the BTS capability (MaxDLPowerCapability )

PtxNC

PtxNRT

PtxHSDPA

PtxMax

PtxNonHSPA

Flexi WCDMA BTS BB Site Configurations with Rel 1 HW (FSMB)

1 System Module (FSMB):• Optimized for capacity upgrade• Support for max. 3 RF Modules• HW support for max 6 cell CCH• Max. HW capacity 240 CE• 32 CEs included in System Module Basic

OSW price→ max additional 208 CE on license

base (240-32=208)

2 System modules (2 * FSMB):• Available in RAS05.1ED (WBTS 3.3)• Support for max. 3 RF Modules• HW support for up to 12 cells CCH• Max. site HW capacity 480 CE• 2 * 32 CEs included in System Module Basic OSW

prices→ max additional 416 CE on license base

(480-64=416)• 471226A FSKA Flexi System Extension Kit (cable set) is required• The System Module that acts as a Baseband Extension needs to be

ordered without transport sub-module FTxx. In this case there is a dummy sub-module included to fulfil IP55 requirements.

WCDMA Flexi BTS Example Base Band Capacity for R99Rel1 HW

User data CE requiredBB Processing Capacity

1 System Module (FSMB, RAS05.1)

192 CE, 16 CE for CCH

BB Processing Capacity2 System Modules

(FSMB+FSMB, RAS06)2* 240 CE, 26 CE for CCH

16kbps/ voice 1 176 45432kbps 2 88 22764kbps 4 44 113128kbps 4 44 113256kbps (DL) 8 22 56384kbps 16 11 28

• 1+1+1,common channels included in calculations• Max.# CE licensed• Max. # of Simultaneous users on Flexi WCDMA BTS based on Baseband

capacity, excluding Air and Iub Interfaces

CE Utilisation (Calculated similary for both Nora and Flexi BTS)Same 1+1+1 configuration in use. Traffic mix over the measurement period is following16 CE for Common CH’s and 32 CE for HSDPA (=48CE’s)DL DCHSample 1: 100 AMR users+20*384 Kbits + CCH’s+HSDPA (16+32) = 100+(20*16)+48 =468 CE Sample 2: 80 AMR + 10*64 Kbits +10*384 Kbits + CCH’s + HSDPA (16+32) = 80 +

(10*4)+(10*16)+48 = 328 CESample 3: 120 AMR + 15*64 Kbits+20*384 Kbits+CCH’s+HSDPA (16+32) = 120+(15*4)+(20*16)+48

=588 CEUL DCHSample 1: 100AMR + CCH’s + HSDPA = 148 CESample 2: 80 AMR +10*64 Kbits + CCH’s + HSDPA = 100 + 10*4 + 48 =188 CESample 3: 120 AMR +15*64 Kbits + CCH’s + HSDPA = 120 +15*4 + 48 =228 CE

M5001C3 MAX_USED_CE_DL = 588 CE M5001C4 MIN_USED_CE_DL = 328 CE M5001C5 AVE_USED_CE_DL = 462 CE M5001C6 MAX_USED_CE_UL = 228 CE M5001C7 MIN_USED_CE_UL = 148 CE M5001C8 AVE_USED_CE_UL = 188 CE

BTS CE Capacity Measurement – Example of CE Utilisation

Transmission

Sites are connected together in different ways to optimise costoptimise cost, whilst assuring the best best qualityquality and redundancyredundancy.

The links can be wire, optical or radio microwave links.

RNC

IU IUr

BSC

MSCA

AXU

Multiplexer eg MetroHub

3G BTS 2G BTSATM crossconnect unit