Part 2: Regulatory Trends

1

Wireless Broadband Deployment

& Other Latest Technology Trends-

13th ITU Sub-regional Meeting,

Yangon, Myanmar

Presented by: Laina Raveendran GreeneITU [email protected]

Agenda

Part 1- Technology Trends- wireless alphabet soup-other related technologies

Part 2- Policy and Regulatory Trends-putting issues in perspective-other related issues

Part 2: Regulatory and Policy Trends

Putting things in perspective This session purpose:a) simplifyb) gather data

c) formulate framework

Part 2: Regulatory Trends-

Part 2: Regulatory Trends-a) Simplify-Legacy Approaches

TelegraphTelephone1897 Marconi Radio1902 Wireless Telegraphy over sea 60s-Satellite-TV- Bell Labs cellular1970s-frequency hardware1984- 25,000 cellular usersPagers, cordless phones1990s-Mobile takes off1990s-WLL1990s-Internet2001-Wi-fi2005- 1.9 billions cellular users

International Telegraph Union

CCIT

CCIR

International Telecommunications Union

IETF, IEEE

Private &competition

Nationalized/government &/or monopoly

WTOPrivate &competition

Wireless vs fixed~“de facto” vs “de jure”


PAL NTSC

CDMA

GSMTDMA

Marconi stds

OSI SS7IP protocols

INTERCONNECTIVITY &INTEROPERABILITYKEY DRIVERS FOR REGULATION

SAFETY OF LIFE AT SEA&HARMFUL INTERFERENCEKEY DRIVERS FOR COORDINATION

(government players)(government and private players)

2


convergence

Multipoint to multipoint

•Digitisation•Broadband•IP

Network service applications


New technologies-1) Challenge natural monopoly arguments2) Led to AT&T divestiture by Justice Dpt3) GATS- basic versus value added4) WTO Basic rounds5) Competition laws in telecom

Part 2: Regulatory Trends-a) Simplify-Global Approaches

Basic vs VAN/VASFacilities based vs services based

Technology neutral

Network service applications

1) Mobile as VAN/VAS2) Internet as VAN/VAS or closed user group

Liberalisation Trends


Convergence• ITU International Telecommunications Regulations• Convergence regulations e.g. Malaysia, Singapore• Technology neutral regulations• Internet/IP bringing convergence to developing world

Telecom vs broadcasting vs computing vs mobile

Part 2: Regulatory Trends-B) Data-Triple/Quad Play

Closed user group

-little or no content regulation-little or faciltiesregulation

Point to multipoint•content regulation•Decency•IPR-some facilties regulation•-spectrum•-harmful interfererence

Point to point-no content regulation-facilities regulation•-QOS•-interconnectivity•Interoperability

Convergence- digitization, broadband, IPMultipoint to multipoint

Competitive –Carrier/or someAs VAN/VAS-Yet became basic

Cisco

Part 2: Regulatory Trends-b) Data policy issues

Old World• Primarily voice• Regulated monopoly• Network-driven

services

New World• User driven applications

surpassing voice• Competitive market• Customer-driven

network and services/ P2P/Mesh

Service ProviderNetwork

Service ProviderNetwork

3

This session purpose:a) simplifyb) gather data



Paul Margie, FCC, Making wireless work for Nigeria

Workshop, 2003

A Basic Radio System

Transmitter Receiver

Antenna Antenna

Transmission Line Transmission Line

Electromagnetic Wavesor radio signals propagate

over the airwavesThe transmitter generates theradio signal and feeds it to anantenna by a transmission line.

An antenna picks up the signalfrom the airwaves and passes it viaa transmission line to the receiver.

Radios use electromagnetic waves that have a frequency in what is known as the “radio spectrum,” which means about 3 kHz to 400 GHz to communicate information. From AM radios to satellite systems, they all work similarly and followthis basic structure:

Paul Margie, FCC, Making Wireless work for Nigeria

Workshop, 2003

15 GHz -

1 GHz -

800 MHz -

400 MHz -

150 MHz -

108 MHz -

54 MHz -27 MHz -

1600 KHz -

70 KHz -

SatelliteCommon Carrier Microwave

Cellular Phones

UHF-TV

Land MobileCoast Guard/Harbor

TV ch. 7-13Police

VHF MarineCivil Air Patrol

Aviation

FM BroadcastTV ch. 2-6

CBAmateur (Ham)

Search & Rescue (SAR)

AM BroadcastMarine

A Simplified Spectrum ChartThis extremely simplified US spectrum chart shows how different applications

use different parts of the spectrum.

See www.ntia.doc.gov/osmhome/allochrt.htmlfor a much more complete chart.

Part 2: Regulatory Trends-b) Data-spectrum issues

BANDWIDTHUSED

200 - 400 MHz 160 KHz Military FLTSAT, LEASAT

L 1.5 - 1.6 GHz 47 MHz CommercialMARISAT, INMARSAT

C 6/4 GHz 800 MHz Commercial INTELSAT, DOMSATS, ANIK E

X 8/7 GHz 500 MHz MilitaryDSCS, SKYNET, NATO

Ku 14/12 GHz 500 MHz CommercialINTELSAT, DOMSATS, ANIK E

2500 MHz Commercial JCS1000 MHz Military DSCS IV

Q 44/20 GHz 3500 MHz Military/DOT MILSTARV 64/59 GHz 5000 MHz Military CROSSLINKS

SATELLITES

30/20 GHz

SEGMENT BAND USER

EHF

UHF

SHF Ka

Satellite Communication Bands

© Canadian Wireless Tutorial

Paul Margie, FCC, Making wireless work for NIgeria, 2003

Part 2: Regulatory Trends-b) Data-Wireless regulations

Controlling Interference

Transmitter A

Transmitter B

Factors such as transmitter power, Antenna height, propagation losses,

& receiver characteristics determine size of service area

Undesired signal

Propagation or Path Loss

Desired signal

The desired signal must be somewhatgreater than the undesired signal toavoid interference

ITU

ITU AND RADIOCOMMUNICATIONS

Purposes of the Union.a) effect allocation of bands of the radio-frequency spectrum, the

allotment of radio frequencies and registration of radio-frequency assignments and any associated orbital positions in the GEO-stationary satellite orbit in order to avoid harmful interferencebetween radio stations of different countries;

b) coordinate efforts to eliminate harmful interference between radio stations of different countries and to improve the use made of the radio-frequency spectrum and Geostationary-satellite orbit for Radiocommunication services;

4

ITU


Annex of Constitution defines harmful interference:“Interference which endangers the functioning of a radionavigation service or of other safety services or seriously degrades, obstructs or repeatedly interrupts a Radiocommunication service operating in accordance with the Radio Regulations”


Role of the ITUThe International Telecommunications Union (ITU), is the organization

responsible for coordinating international telecommunications activities, conducts various conferences and assemblies in order to facilitate cooperation between countries on matters relating to spectrum allocations.

ITU


Upcoming WARC 2007

Groups of Issues

• Mobile, aeronautical mobile, radionavigation & radiolocation services

• Space science services• FSS, MSS & BSS below 3 GHz• Fixed service including HAPS & FSS above 3

GHz• Services in LF, MF & HF bands & maritime

mobile service• Regulatory procedures & associated technical

criteria applicable to satellite networks• Future WRC programmes & other issues

TIA

Part 2: Regulatory Trends-c) Framework-case studies

4-6th October 2006 , GetIT, Inc

Spectrum Allocation Chart

John Kneur, NTIA

AWS Auction

• NTIA helped reallocate 45 MHz of spectrum --1710 to 1755 MHz – from federal use, half of the 90 MHz FCC will auction to commercial licensees starting August 9, 2006.

• NTIA made a viability assessment in 2002, coordinated with the FCC and federal agencies on service rules, and supported legislation to establish a relocation fund, the Commercial Spectrum Enhancement Act.

• Federal agencies will be reimbursed their estimated $ 936 billion relocation costs through a fund established by this Act. NTIA provided relocation cost and timeline information on December 27, 2005 and has since updated that information.

• FCC auctioned off 3G licenses for $13.9 billion in August 2006.

5

John Kneur, NTIA

70/80/90 GHz Availability� High-speed wireless links in several spectrum bands may now be coordinated and

approved for commercial use in a matter of minutes.

� NTIA develop a web-based mechanism to facilitate real-time coordination of federal and non-federal operations in these frequency ranges.

� Non-federal users can now determine in minutes rather than months whether they have any potential conflict with federal users.

� The system was activated

on February 8, 2005.

John Kneur, NTIA

5 GHz Spectrum

• NTIA led the development of technology to allow sharing of this band between military radars and unlicensed mobile broadband (Wi-Fi) devices.

• The 5 GHz industry-government working group under the International Telecommunication Advisory Council developed and validated the dynamic frequency selection (DFS) sharing technique.

• In February 2006, the group reached consensus on certification criteria for Unlicensed-National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) devices using DFS. At the ITU, the working group is seeking worldwide common approaches to defining, testing and certifying DFS.

• The FCC is expected to release testing procedures as soon as this summer.

NTIA

Promising Technology Solutionsto the Rural Challenge

� Wi-Fi: Rural Oregon is home to the world’s largest Wi-Fi hotspot � 700 miles2 Airgo Networks announced plans to sell Wi-Fi chips with data rates up to 240 Mbps by 4th quarter 2005 – 4x the speed of current Wi-Fi chips at 54 Mpbs.

� WiMAX: With a range of up to 40 miles, WiMAX may be a promising solution for delivering broadband to rural areas. Although WiMAX is still under development, the FCC and FEMA authorized deployment of a WiMAX network (15 mile range with 45 Mbps bandwidth – 30x faster than standard 1.5 Mbps DSL connections) to link Wi-Fi hotspots in an effort to restore communications damaged by hurricane Katrina.

� WISPs: Wireless Internet service providers, approximately 3,000 in the U.S., traditionally provide broadband connectivity in areas not reached by cable or DSL. Now WISPs are expanding into urban areas.

NTIASource: FCC

NTIA

Source: FCC

Part 2: Regulatory Trends-c) Framework-principles

Spectrum as property or as commons

To new model of spectrum allocation and management

Leading even to some Licensed or unlicensed-

Look for a healthy mix

Auction- beauty contest – give away- marketplace

6

Henry Batson, Spectrum Management Authority, Jamaica,

The UNLICENSED ALTERNATIVE

• No Cost of Licence acquisition• Adequate amount of spectrum• Competitive equipment market• Fast deployment

However• No interference protection! Licenced services get first priority• Unlicenced = survival of the fittest• Focus of regulation is the equipment, not the user or the service provider.


��

��

��

��

�� !��"��

#��$��$��

��%�&�'��(��'��)��

��#��$��$��

��""�$��$��*��$&

��


!��

��

��

!��&+��,�+��$��"�+��!�-�

��$��-�

��

��

Broadcasting(point to Multipoint-heavy content Regulation) Broadcasting stations

Internet radio, IPTV, (lower capex)

Part 2: Regulatory Trends-b) Data-policy issues

FACTORS FORCING THE CONVERGENCE ISSUE• Liberalisation

– Number of players– Technology specific or non specific

regulations

• Technology– Digitisation (voice & data)– Broadband (voice, data, video, audio)– IP (voice, data, video, audio- even over

analague)

• Current regulatory situation– Established separate laws for separate

technologies and industries– Separate regulatory bodies

POSSIBLE APPROACHES

-A)MERGE REGULATIONS &REGULATORY BODIES

-B) MERGE POLICY MAKING BODIES ONLY

-C) PARTIAL MERGE WITH SEPARATE FUNCTIONS- CONTENT VERSUS FACILITIES

-D) NATIONAL COORDINATION COMMITTEES


• Example of A)– Malaysia- Communications and Multimedia Act (CMA) 1998– -network facilities provider– -network service provider– -application service provider– -content application service provider


• Example of B) and C)• Singapore IDA –merger of NCB and TAS• -Facilities based operator• -Services based operator• -Content and broadcast-remains an SBA and • Most recently put them both under the same Ministry• And merged SBA with Films Commission to create MDA

7


• Example of D)• Philippines (Information Technology and E-commerce Council (ITECC)

Legal and Regulatory Committee- seeking to pass the convergence bill seeks to reorganize the National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) into a National Infocoms Commission. And create Department of Information and Communications Technology )


Careful not to overegulate or under-regulate(learn from the past- be careful not to impose regulationsWith another rationale onto NGN- this is a multipoint to Multipoint network)

• Interconnect issues • Qos• USO• Emergency numbers• Too soon- can stiffle- too late can jeopardise (e.g. Metro Ethernet and Wi-Fi)• Ultimately keep choice for customer • Allow innovation and investment to thrive

Key Goals:INTEROPERABILITY; INTERCONNECTIVITY; AFFORDABILITYUSABILITY, INNOVATION; INVESTMENT




4-6th October 2006 , GetIT, Inc


Understand goal to be achieved before redefining

Careful not to stiffle innovation!


• Vision of Seamless handoffs– Land-line phone– Cell phone– Desktop/laptop PC– Handheld PC/PDA– Fax machine–AFFORDABILITY AND –ACCESSIBILITY

8



Part 2: Regulatory Trends-Agenda

Part 1- Technology Trends- wireless alphabet soup-other related technologies

Part 2- Policy and Regulatory Trends-putting issues in perspective-other related issues

• Any questions?…..

End of Part 2: Regulatory Trends

Cleared some confused?

Documents

Part 2: Regulatory Trends