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Parks Canada Cape Breton Highlands National Park Nova Scotia CAPE BRETON HIGHLANDS NATIONAL PARK "Ciad Mile Failte" (kee-ahud mee-luh falch) . . . one hundred thousand welcomes. This old gaelic expression has been associated with Cape Breton Island for many years and still expresses the fond wish that visitors will enjoy their stay. One of 29 National Parks in Canada that have been established to protect Canada's natural heritage and offer visitors the opportunity to enjoy the pleasure of unspoiled natural sur- roundings. Cape Breton Highlands was created in 1936 and became the first National Park in the Atlantic Provinces. Located in the northern portion of Cape Breton Island, it covers a 950 km 2 area, bounded on the west by the Gulf of St. Lawrence and on the east by the Atlantic Ocean. Natural Heritage The park's main feature is an extensive plateau which covers 90% of this area. Some 360 m above sea level, most of the plateau is covered with vast bogs, dry barrens, small ponds and lakes. The Cabot Trail leads onto the plateau and offers a glimpse of some of the last remaining wilderness in Nova Scotia. Geological forces produced the magnificent plateau but tire- less erosional forces have sculptured it over the years to give the park some of its most spectacular scenery. Rivers and streams have cut deep valleys into the tableland, leaving pic- turesque waterfalls where stubborn rock has failed to give way. Along the coast, bold headlands, steep cliffs, hidden coves and beaches are products of the relentless pounding of the sea. These are some of the features that have made the Cabot Trail one of Canada's most popular scenic drives and have brought many of our visitors back year after year. The plateau supports a variety of vegetation, from plants normally found in Canada's far north, to heath plants on the bogs and stunted balsam fir and black spruce on the dryer The Cabot Trail - MacKenzie Mountain Elevation 455 m La route Cabot Trail escalade le mont MacKenzie Hauteur 455 m crests. Rich mixed hardwoods such as sugar maple, yellow birch, and beech are found in the more temperate river valleys, while white spruce is the most predominant species found on the coastal slopes. Numerous lichens and mosses as well as countless varieties of wildflowers and shrubs all help to make Cape Breton Highlands National Park rich in plant life. The animal life of the lowlands is largely typical of eastern Canada with species such as moose, white-tailed deer, black bear, snowshoe hare, bobcat, and fox, while the highlands is home to small populations of species such as pine marten, lynx and possibly cougar. Less spectacular, but still noteworthy, are smaller creatures such as toads, salamanders, and non- poisonous snakes. The bird life is extensive with up to 230 species on the evergrowing list of sightings in and around the park. Eastern brook trout can be found in most of the park lakes and streams and a number of rivers also play host to the annual Atlantic salmon spawning run. A full range of salt water fishes and mammals such as pilot whales and seals may be seen offshore. Cultural Heritage The area was first inhabitated by Micmac Indians who prob- ably were the first to see John Cabot touch North America in 1497 at Aspy Bay, just north of the Park. Portuguese settled in the vicinity of Ingonish in the 1520's followed by the French who occupied Cape Breton Island, then known as "Isle Royale", during most of the 17th century. Ingonish or "Port d'Orleans" as it was known then, was the second largest centre on the island. Louisbourg, which is now a National Historic Park, was at that time the most important centre in the French colony. After its destruction by the British most of the french settlements including "Port d'Orléans" were abandoned. The expulsion of the Acadians from mainland Nova Scotia in the mid 1700's led to the establishment of french settlements along Cape Breton's western shore. Many of these remain today. The Western Shore from French Mountain. La côte ouest vue du mont French. The 19th century brought a major influx of English, Irish and Scottish settlers whose descendants now inhabit most of the Island. THINGS TO DO Sightseeing ft- Scenery is one of the Park's most prized features. Whether you are driving, pedalling or even hiking over the famous Cabot Trail be sure to give yourself enough time to experience the natural beauty of the area. Scenic pull-offs have been con- structed to get you off the busy roadway to enjoy the view. Secondary roads both in and outside the park offer additional opportunities that should not be missed. Explore, relax and above all don't rush your trip. You will find it's easy to spend several days enjoying this special area. You'll be glad you did! Hiking Kl Some of the Park's most spectacular scenery is awaiting those who are willing to leave their vehicles to hike some of our trails. Whether you wish to take a short stroll or have an overnight adventure, more than 200 km's of hiking trails will lead you to the interior plateau, to the rugged coast, or to 300 m viewpoints that overlook our spectacular valleys and coastline. You are invited to join the select group of people who get to know the park close up and walk away with some very special memories. A separate pamphlet on the Park's hiking trails is available on request. Swimming ~& The park provides two supervised beaches and a number of unsupervised salt and freshwater beaches for your enjoyment. Facilities include changehouses, toilets, picnic tables and playgrounds in some areas. Have a refreshing dip in the surf, or join the hundreds of sunbathers who use our sandy beaches to work on their tans. Cape Smokey from Ingonish Beach. La plage d'lngonish et le cap Smokey. Picnicking -FV Those who like to eat a lunch en route will find ample picnic areas along the Cabot Trail and on park secondary roads. All areas have drinking water, toilet facilities and tables. Some have enclosed shelters, fireplaces or stoves. Fishing TJ~ Angling for trout and salmon in the numerous park streams and lakes is a very popular activity. A National Park fishing license is required. Golf and Tennis & f*P The Highland Links offers a challenging 18-hole game to all golf enthusiasts. Tennis players are welcome to use the three paved courts located in the Ingonish Beach Day Use Area. Interpretive Program .2.. We want to share our knowledge of the wonders nature has worked in this park. Participate in our interpretive program, presented to help you understand and enjoy the wealth of natural features and intriguing history of the area. The program includes a wide variety of roadside signs, exhibits and self- guiding interpretive trails. During the summer months events such as guided walks and evening talks are presented by Park Interpreters at some of the campgrounds. Further information may be obtained from either of the Park information centres. Programs for organized groups can be arranged in advance. Winter Activities 2x1 A completely different experience awaits those who visit dur- ing the winter months. Our forests and valleys are ideal loca- tions for cross country skiing or snowshoeing. Come and enjoy the crispness of our clean winter air. A separate pamphlet on the Park's winter activities is available on request. Participate in our Interpretative Program. Les activities d'interprétation s'adressent à tous. Parcs Canada

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Page 1: Parks Parcs Canada Cape Breton National Parkparkscanadahistory.com/brochures/cbreton/brochure-1983.pdf · Canada Cape Breton Highlands National Park Nova Scotia CAPE BRETON HIGHLANDS

Parks Canada

Cape Breton Highlands National Park Nova Scotia

CAPE BRETON HIGHLANDS NATIONAL PARK

"Ciad Mile Failte" (kee-ahud mee-luh falch) . . . one hundred thousand welcomes. This old gaelic expression has been associated with Cape Breton Island for many years and still expresses the fond wish that visitors will enjoy their stay.

One of 29 National Parks in Canada that have been established to protect Canada's natural heritage and offer visitors the opportunity to enjoy the pleasure of unspoiled natural sur­roundings. Cape Breton Highlands was created in 1936 and became the first National Park in the Atlantic Provinces. Located in the northern portion of Cape Breton Island, it covers a 950 km2 area, bounded on the west by the Gulf of St. Lawrence and on the east by the Atlantic Ocean.

Natural Heritage The park's main feature is an extensive plateau which covers 90% of this area. Some 360 m above sea level, most of the plateau is covered with vast bogs, dry barrens, small ponds and lakes. The Cabot Trail leads onto the plateau and offers a glimpse of some of the last remaining wilderness in Nova Scotia.

Geological forces produced the magnificent plateau but tire­less erosional forces have sculptured it over the years to give the park some of its most spectacular scenery. Rivers and streams have cut deep valleys into the tableland, leaving pic­turesque waterfalls where stubborn rock has failed to give way. Along the coast, bold headlands, steep cliffs, hidden coves and beaches are products of the relentless pounding of the sea. These are some of the features that have made the Cabot Trail one of Canada's most popular scenic drives and have brought many of our visitors back year after year.

The plateau supports a variety of vegetation, from plants normally found in Canada's far north, to heath plants on the bogs and stunted balsam fir and black spruce on the dryer

The Cabot Trail - MacKenzie Mountain • Elevation 455 m La route Cabot Trail escalade le mont MacKenzie • Hauteur 455 m

crests. Rich mixed hardwoods such as sugar maple, yellow birch, and beech are found in the more temperate river valleys, while white spruce is the most predominant species found on the coastal slopes. Numerous lichens and mosses as well as countless varieties of wildflowers and shrubs all help to make Cape Breton Highlands National Park rich in plant life.

The animal life of the lowlands is largely typical of eastern Canada with species such as moose, white-tailed deer, black bear, snowshoe hare, bobcat, and fox, while the highlands is home to small populations of species such as pine marten, lynx and possibly cougar. Less spectacular, but still noteworthy, are smaller creatures such as toads, salamanders, and non-poisonous snakes. The bird life is extensive with up to 230 species on the evergrowing list of sightings in and around the park. Eastern brook trout can be found in most of the park lakes and streams and a number of rivers also play host to the annual

Atlantic salmon spawning run. A full range of salt water fishes and mammals such as pilot whales and seals may be seen offshore.

Cultural Heritage The area was first inhabitated by Micmac Indians who prob­ably were the first to see John Cabot touch North America in 1497 at Aspy Bay, just north of the Park. Portuguese settled in the vicinity of Ingonish in the 1520's followed by the French who occupied Cape Breton Island, then known as "Isle Royale", during most of the 17th century. Ingonish or "Port d'Orleans" as it was known then, was the second largest centre on the island. Louisbourg, which is now a National Historic Park, was at that time the most important centre in the French colony. After its destruction by the British most of the french settlements including "Port d'Orléans" were abandoned. The expulsion of the Acadians from mainland Nova Scotia in the mid 1700's led to the establishment of french settlements along Cape Breton's western shore. Many of these remain today.

The Western Shore from French Mountain. La côte ouest vue du mont French.

The 19th century brought a major influx of English, Irish and Scottish settlers whose descendants now inhabit most of the Island.

THINGS TO DO

Sightseeing ft-Scenery is one of the Park's most prized features. Whether you are driving, pedalling or even hiking over the famous Cabot Trail be sure to give yourself enough time to experience the natural beauty of the area. Scenic pull-offs have been con­structed to get you off the busy roadway to enjoy the view. Secondary roads both in and outside the park offer additional opportunities that should not be missed. Explore, relax and above all don't rush your trip. You will find it's easy to spend several days enjoying this special area. You'll be glad you did!

Hiking Kl Some of the Park's most spectacular scenery is awaiting those who are willing to leave their vehicles to hike some of our trails. Whether you wish to take a short stroll or have an overnight adventure, more than 200 km's of hiking trails will lead you to the interior plateau, to the rugged coast, or to 300 m viewpoints that overlook our spectacular valleys and coastline. You are invited to join the select group of people who get to know the park close up and walk away with some very special memories. A separate pamphlet on the Park's hiking trails is available on request.

Swimming ~ & The park provides two supervised beaches and a number of unsupervised salt and freshwater beaches for your enjoyment. Facilities include changehouses, toilets, picnic tables and playgrounds in some areas. Have a refreshing dip in the surf, or join the hundreds of sunbathers who use our sandy beaches to work on their tans.

Cape Smokey from Ingonish Beach. La plage d'lngonish et le cap Smokey.

Picnicking -FV Those who like to eat a lunch en route will find ample picnic areas along the Cabot Trail and on park secondary roads. All areas have drinking water, toilet facilities and tables. Some have enclosed shelters, fireplaces or stoves.

Fishing TJ~ Angling for trout and salmon in the numerous park streams and lakes is a very popular activity. A National Park fishing license is required.

Golf and Tennis & f*P The Highland Links offers a challenging 18-hole game to all golf enthusiasts. Tennis players are welcome to use the three paved courts located in the Ingonish Beach Day Use Area.

Interpretive Program .2.. We want to share our knowledge of the wonders nature has worked in this park. Participate in our interpretive program,

presented to help you understand and enjoy the wealth of natural features and intriguing history of the area. The program includes a wide variety of roadside signs, exhibits and self-guiding interpretive trails. During the summer months events such as guided walks and evening talks are presented by Park Interpreters at some of the campgrounds. Further information may be obtained from either of the Park information centres. Programs for organized groups can be arranged in advance.

Winter Activities 2x1 A completely different experience awaits those who visit dur­ing the winter months. Our forests and valleys are ideal loca­tions for cross country skiing or snowshoeing. Come and enjoy the crispness of our clean winter air.

A separate pamphlet on the Park's winter activities is available on request.

Participate in our Interpretative Program. Les activities d'interprétation s'adressent à tous.

Parcs Canada

Page 2: Parks Parcs Canada Cape Breton National Parkparkscanadahistory.com/brochures/cbreton/brochure-1983.pdf · Canada Cape Breton Highlands National Park Nova Scotia CAPE BRETON HIGHLANDS

Parcs Canada

Parc national des hautes terres du Cap-Breton Nouvelle-Ecosse

LE PARC NATIONAL DES HAUTES TERRES DU CAP-BRETON

"Ciad Mile Failte"! Cent mille fois bienvenue! Voilà des années que cette expression gaélique rappelle le Cap-Breton. Puisse donc cet accueil chaleureux représenter pour tous les visiteurs le gage d'un séjour des plus réussis.

Doyen des parcs nationaux des provinces Atlantiques, le parc national des hautes terres du Cap-Breton a été créé en 1936. Il participe avec les 29 autres parcs nationaux du pays à la tâche de sauvegarder notre patrimoine naturel pour que les Cana­diens des générations présentes et à venir puissent jouir d'en­claves de nature virginale. Ses 950 km2 s'étendent à l'extré­mité septentrionale de l'île de Cap-Breton, qui est bordée à l'ouest par le golfe Saint-Laurent et à l'est par l'Atlantique.

Une nature grandiose Le parc se caractérise surtout par le grand plateau qui occupe 90% de sa superficie. Dominant la mer à 360 m d'altitude, cette étendue se compose de vastes tourbières, de landes sauvages, de petits étangs et de lacs. La route Cabot Trail y emmène les voyageurs découvrir quelques-uns des derniers coins sauvages de la Nouvelle-Ecosse.

Créé sous la poussée de forces géologiques, ce plateau magni­fique s'est vu modelé au fil des ans par l'action incessante d'agents érosifs qui ont donné naissance à quelques-uns des paysages les plus impressionnants du parc. Ruisseaux et rivières y ont gravé des vallées profondes dans lesquelles des chutes pittoresques signalent les endroits où le roc s'est montré plus résistant. Le pilonnage implacable de la mer a sculpté les promontoires abrupts, les falaises vertigineuses, les anses cachées et les plages du littoral. Voilà un aperçu des particula­rités de la région qui ont fait de la Cabot Trail l'une des routes panoramiques les plus en vogue au Canada et un point de destination annuel de nombreux visiteurs.

Le sentier Franey dévoile des paysages magnifiques. View from Franey Hiking Trail.

Le plateau est tapissé d'une flore diversifiée. Celle-ci embras­se des espèces allant de plantes dont l'habitat se situe habi­tuellement dans le Grand Nord canadien, aux arbustes des tourbières, en passant par les épinettes noires et les sapins baumiers chétifs des sommets au sol plus sec. Des associations forestières de feuillus composées d'érables à sucre, de meri­siers et de hêtres croissent dans les vallées fluviales où les températures sont plus clémentes. L'épinette blanche constitue l'essence dominante des versants qui donnent sur la mer. De nombreuses variétés de fleurs sauvages et d'arbrisseaux contri­buent à la richesse de la flore.

La faune des basses terres est très représentative du Canada de l'Est: orignaux, cerfs de Virginie, ours noirs, lièvres d'Améri­que, lynx, roux et renards y ont élu domicile. Les hautes terres forment l'habitat de petites populations de martres, de lynx et peut-être de cougars. Crapauds, salamandres et serpents non

vénéneux font partie de ces petits êtres moins prestigieux dont la présence mérite d'être soulignée. L'avifaune est très diversi­fiée. On a identifié 230 espèces dans le parc et ses environs, et cette liste s'allonge continuellement. La truite mouchetée hante la plupart des lacs et des ruisseaux: chaque année, le saumon de l'Atlantique remonte plusieurs rivières au moment du frai. Un large éventail de poissons de mer fréquentent les côtes en compagnie de mammifères tels que le phoque et le globicéphale noir.

Un passé captivant Les Micmacs, premiers habitants de la région, furent sans doute les premiers témoins de l'arrivée de Cabot en Amérique du Nord. Celui-ci débarqua en effet à la baie d'Aspy, du côté nord du parc. Des Portugais s'établirent aux environs d'Ingo-nish dans les années 1520. Les Français leur succédèrent, qui occupèrent l'île du Cap-Breton (Isle Royale) durant la quasi-totalité du XVIIe siècle. Ingonish, que ces nouveaux habitants appelaient Port d'Orléans, ne le cédait alors en importance qu'à Louisbourg - aujourd'hui parc historique national - dans la colonie française d'Acadie. Après la destruction de Louis-bourg par les Britanniques, les Français abandonnèrent la plupart de leurs établissements de l'île, y compris Port d'Or­léans.

L'expulsion des Acadiens de la Nouvelle-Ecosse continentale au milieu du XVIIIe siècle occasionna l'apparition de villages français le long de la côte occidentale du Cap-Breton. Un grand nombre d'entre eux ont subsisté jusqu'à nos jours. Le XIXe siècle vit s'établir de nombreux Irlandais, Britanniques et Ecossais dont les descendants habitent maintenant presque toute l'île.

AU PROGRAMME DES ACTIVITÉS

Explorations et découvertes î r Les paysages du parc comptent parmi ses plus grands attraits. Qu'on le visite à pied, à bicyclette ou en voiture le long de la

Camping à la dure dans l'anse Fishing. Primitive Camping at Fishing Cove.

célèbre route Cabot Trail, il importe de prendre le temps de bien savourer la beauté de ces lieux. Des arrêts en bordure de la route permettent d'échapper au flot de la circulation pour admirer le panorama. Des chemins secondaires situés à l'inté­rieur ou à l'extérieur du parc sillonnent des sites qu'il faut voir absolument. A découvrir les splendeurs de cette région sans se presser et en toute quiétude, les journées s'accumulent rapide­ment. Bon séjour!

Randonnées en pleine nature A? La parc réserve quelques-uns de ses plus magnifiques décors à ceux qui descendent de voiture pour s'engager sur ses sentiers. Le réseau des pistes s'étire sur plus de 200 km. Certains parcours s'effectuent en quelques minutes, d'autres durent plus d'une journée. Ces sentiers explorent le plateau de l'ar-rière-pays. la côte accidentée, ou encore conduisent à des belvédères juchés à 200 m au-dessus des vallées ou du littoral. Pourquoi ne pas se joindre au petit groupe de privilégiés qui ont

appris à connaître intimement le parc et en sont revenus riches de souvenirs extraordinaires? Pour en savoir davantage sur le réseau des sentiers, se procurer le dépliant distribué à cet effet dans les centres d'accueil.

A la plage ~3£-Dcux plages surveillées et plusieurs autres plages non surveil­lées s'étendent en bordure de la mer et des lacs. On y trouve des cabines de bain, des toilettes, des tables de pique-nique. Quel­ques-unes sont flanquées d'une aire de jeux. Il fait bon s'y rafraîchir dans les vagues et parfaire son bronzage sur leur sable invitant.

Piques-niques ~F\ La route Cabot Trail et les chemins secondaires sont jalonnés d'installations de pique-nique. On y trouve tables, eau potable et toilettes. Certains emplacement sont équipés de foyers ou d'abris.

Pêche •7jU

Les cours d'eau et les lacs font la joie des amateurs de truite et de saumon. On doit se procurer un permis de pêche dans les parcs nationaux (aux centres d'accueil) pour s'adonner à cette activité.

Golf et tennis / * f>P Les adeptes du golf de toute trempe trouveront le 18 trous du parc à la mesure de leur savoir-faire. Trois courts de tennis attendent les visiteurs dans l'aire d'utilisation diurne d'Ingo-nish Beach.

Interprétation de la nature ™ Les naturalistes du parc familiarisent les visiteurs avec les merveilles de la région. Le programme d'interprétation aide à comprendre et à savourer les nombreux attraits de ces lieux et à découvrir leur histoire captivante. Expositions, écriteaux situés en bordure de la route, dépliants de randonnée, voilà un aperçu des moyens mis en oeuvre à cet effet. Durant la saison

L'hiver est ici prodigue de plaisirs de toutes sortes. Winter can be lots of fun here too.

estivale, les naturalistes organisent toute une gamme d'activ­ités, telles les randonnées accompagnées et les présentations en soirée pour les campeurs. On obtiendra des renseignements supplémentaires aux deux centres d'accueil. Les groupes orga­nisés retiendront les services d'un naturaliste en s'adressant à l'avance à l'administration du parc.

Et l'hiver.... 2S\ Visiter le parc national des hautes terres du Cap-Breton en hiver, c'est vivre une aventure tout à fait nouvelle. Ses forêts et ses vallées constituent des endroits de prédilection pour s'adonner au ski de randonnée et à la raquette. On s'y grise d'air pur et vif. Un dépliant dresse la liste des installations offertes à cette période de Tannée.

Hébergement A AA V=, Les terrains de camping comptent 850 emplacements aux commodités diverses. Certains d'entre eux sont munis de

Parks Canada

Page 3: Parks Parcs Canada Cape Breton National Parkparkscanadahistory.com/brochures/cbreton/brochure-1983.pdf · Canada Cape Breton Highlands National Park Nova Scotia CAPE BRETON HIGHLANDS

WhtratoStay A AA mm» The park offers a full range of campgrounds with a total of 850 camp sites. Some offer heated service buildings with showers, individual three way hook-ups, and fully landscaped sites. Others are more primitive, offering pit privies, fire grills and a source of water. In al 1 cases, camp sites are sold on a first come first served basis. Private campgrounds are located in Pleasant Bay and Cheticamp.

The Marrach Group Campground is available to organized groups on a reservation only basis.

Services The communities adjacent to the Park provide a full range of services including medical, hospital, dental, automotive re­pair, restaurant, postal, grocery, banking and Church services. Commercial fishermen at a number of locations offer deep sea charter services. Just go to any wharf and inquire from the fishermen.

Additional Information ? Information centres at the Cheticamp and Ingonish entrances to the park are open from mid May to mid October and our staff there would be pleased to help you make the most of your visit.

For further information please write the Superintendent, Cape Breton Highlands National Park. Ingonish Beach, N.S. BOC 1L0 or phone (902) 285-2270.

Published by authority of the Minister of the Environment

c Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1983 QS T220 000 BB A2

raccordements pour Teau potable, l'électricité et les égouts, d'un bloc de services où l'on trouve des douches, et d'un environnement aménagé. A l'autre bout de la gamme, certains terrains aux installations sommaires ne sont équipés que de toilettes sèches, d'un foyer et d'un point d'eau potable. Le terrain collectif de Marrach n'accueille que les groupes orga­nisés. On doit le réserver. Tous les terrains sont attribués par ordre d'arrivée. On trouvera des terrains de camping exploités par l'entreprise privée à Pleasant Bay et à Chéticamp, à l'extér­ieur.

S«rvices Les localités avoisinantes offrent de nombreux services touris­tiques, y compris cliniques médicales, centre hospitalier, cabinet de dentiste, garages, bureau de poste, magasin d'ali­mentation, banques et églises. Tout le long de la côte, des pêcheurs professionnels louent leurs services pour la pêche hauturière. Il n'y a qu'à s'adresser directement aux pêcheurs installés sur les quais.

Renseignement* supplémentaires • Les centres d'information des entrées de Chéticamp et d'Ingo-nish renseignent les visiteurs de la mi-mai à la mi-octobre. Les préposés indiquent à ces derniers comment tirer le meilleur^ parti de leur séjour.

On obtiendra des renseignements supplémentaires en s'adressant au Directeur, parc national des hautes terres du Cap-Breton, Ingonish Beach. ' Nouvelle-Ecosse, BOC 1L0, (902) 285-2270.

Canada

Publié en vertu de l'autorisation du ministre de l'Environnement

c Ministère des Approvisionnements et Services Canada 1983 QS T220 000 BB A2

Canada