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Paris: Capital of the 19th century

Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

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Page 1: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

Paris: Capital of the 19th century

Page 2: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

• “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative

• France as center of European art and artisanship.– State sponsorship– Artisanal economy– consumption

Page 3: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

The Contentious French

• 17891789

• 18301830 “the July Revolution” and the “July Monarchy”

• 18481848 Second Republic

• 1852-1870 Second Empire

• 18701870 The Paris Commune

• 1870 The Third Republic

Page 4: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

The Bourbon monarchy

• Absolutism

• The academies

• Taste and power

Page 5: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

The Bourbon Monarchy

Louis 14 (1643-1715) Hyacinthe Rigaud,

Portrait of

Louis 14,

1701

Page 6: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

Versailles (1680s)

Page 7: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

Versailles: Galérie des glaces and French artisanship

Page 8: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

Louis 16 (1774-1792)

• Would absolutism survive?

• Causes of the revolution– Debt– Privilege– Reform

• From fiscal to constitutional crisis

Page 9: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

Revolution #1 (1789-1815)

• 1789; popular uprising and constitutional change

• 1791-2: the constitution unravels

• 1792: war. Monarchy overthrown. The 1st republic

Page 10: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

June, 1789: Tennis Court Oath

Page 11: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

July, 1789: Fall of the Bastille

Page 12: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

• 1791-2: the constitution unravels

• 1792: war. Monarchy overthrown. The 1st republic

• 1792-1794 Terror. Civil war. European war.

• Thermidor (July, 1794)

• 1795-1799 The Directory

Page 13: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

Execution of Louis 16 (Jan, 1793)

Page 14: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

Napoleon’s rise

• 1793 serves under the Terror

• 1795 on serves under the Directory

• 1799 overthrows the Directory

• 1804 ends the 1st republic; proclaims Empire

Page 15: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

Under the Directory: The

Italian campaigns

David, Napoleon Crossing the St.

Bernard Pass

Page 16: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

Jacques Louis David, The Coronation of Napoleon (December 2, 1804)

Page 17: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

• Napoleon’s legacies– War and empire– Global ramifications– Law– Institutional stability

– Jacques-Louis David, Napoleon in his study (1812)

Page 18: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

Napoleon’s “orientalist” legacy:

• 1798 Invasion of Egypt

• Description de l’Egypte

• Luxor Temple

• Rosetta Stone

Page 19: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State
Page 20: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

• 1814-1815 Congress of Vienna

• The Restoration: Louis 18, then Charles 10

• 1830: The July Revolution “three glorious days”

• Chas overthrown, crown goes to Louis Philippe, duc d’Orléans

Page 21: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

Delacroix Liberty Leading the People

Page 22: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

Louis Philippe, King of the French (1830-1848)

Page 23: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

Place Louis 16, 1829

Page 24: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

Building the Place de la Concorde, 1830s

Page 25: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State
Page 26: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

Daumier, Le Ventre Legislatif

Page 27: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

Louis Philippe’s star wanes the pear king (poire= nitwit)

Page 28: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State
Page 29: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

1848: Revolution again1848: Revolution again

• Causes: political exclusivity, working-class unrest, European-wide economic crisis of 1840s

• The Second Republic (1848-1852)

• Polarization and bloodshed: the June Days, 1848

Page 30: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

From Second Republic to Second Empire

• Presidential elections, 1848

• Louis Napoleon Bonaparte

• 1851 : “Rubicon” declares 10 yr term

• 1852 declares 2nd Empire

• Verdicts:– Karl Marx: history repeats itself, 1st as tragedy, 2nd as

farce– Alexis de Tocqueville, The Ancien Regime and the

Revolution

Page 31: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

Napoleon III, Baron Haussmann, and the rebuilding of Paris

Page 32: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State
Page 33: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Page 34: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

Haussmann’s new streets

Page 35: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State
Page 36: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

Street clearance for the Opéra

Page 37: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State
Page 38: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

The Opéra

Page 39: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State
Page 40: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

• 1870: Franco Prussian War, LNB defeated.

• 1870:1870: 3rd Republic declared

• 1870-18711870-1871 Paris Commune

• May, 1871 - la semaine sanglante (bloody week) - repression of the Commune.

Page 41: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State
Page 42: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State
Page 43: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State
Page 44: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State
Page 45: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State
Page 46: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State
Page 47: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State
Page 48: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State
Page 49: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

Manet, Café concert

Page 50: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

Degas, Chanteuse

au gant1877

Page 51: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State

Monet, Blvd des

Capucines,1873

Page 52: Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State