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ifjys[k ¼uoEcj&2012½ 1

ifjys[ke-patrika

fganh dk Hkfo"; vrho mTToy gS eSa rks fgUnh dks fo'oHkk"kkds mPp LFkku ij ns[krk gw¡ % vkpk;Z lUnhi dqekj R;kxh

gkFkksa esa vaxkjksa dks fy;s lksp jgk Fkk]dksbZ eq>s vaxkjksa dh rklhj crk,A &nq";Ur dqekj

;g Meh vad gS

ifjys[k& uoEcj] 2012



Ikfjys[kLkaj{kdxaqats'ojh izlknegsUnz v”dHkksykukFk R;kxhlEikndveu dqekj R;kxhmilEikndMkW- lq'khy dqekj R;kxhMkW- papy dqekjjf'e vHk;lykgdkjvkpk;Z lanhi dqekj R;kxhvjfoUn dqekj flagMkW- Jhifr dqekj ;knovukeh”kj.k ccyfMtkbfuaxHkwisUnz flagVkbfiaxdq”k o ekS- bejkuizwQMkW- jtuh 'kekZeatq R;kxh

bZ&if=dk ifjys[k dks rS;kj djusesa gekjk lg;ksx djsaA ys[k@dfork

vkfn Hkstsa

ifjys[k izdk'kuokfy;k ekdsZV] dksrokyh ekxZ] fudV lkgwtSu dkWyst] uthckckn&246763 ¼Hkkjr½eks-& 9897742814] 9837120022

www.parilekhprakashan.com

fgUnh izpkj&izlkj dk l'kDr ek/;e;g Meh vad gS

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lEikndh;

fgUnh lkfgR; dh lsok djus ds fy;s oSc&if=dk ds:i esa vc ^îfjys[k** dk uke tqM+k gh lef>;sA ifjys[kdh dYiuk ,d,d ugha gks x;h gSA blds fy;s dkQh le;ls iz;kl fd;s tk jgs FksA ijUrq lalk/kuksa dk furkUr vHkkoiSjksa esa fdlh pDdh ds ikV lk ca/kk FkkA fdlh izdkj tw>rsgq, iz;kl vc lkdkj gksrk utj vk jgk gSA iw.kZ:i lsdke;kch rHkh dgh tk;sxh tc ;g if=dk fujUrj oSc&ikBdksadks feyus yxsA ;g iz;kl Hkh vo'; gh iw.kZ gksxkA cgqrlkjh nqvk,a esjs lkFk gSaA izLrqr vad esa izdkf'kr lkexzh dsfy;s eSa leLr lEcaf/kr ys[kdksa vkSj vius lg;ksfx;ksa dkvkHkkjh gw¡A

veu dqekj R;kxh fdlh Hkh ys[k ls lEiknd dk lger gksuklvko';d ugha gSA if=dk esa izdkf'kr ys[kksadh ftEesnkjh ys[kd dh gSA fdlh Hkh fookndh fLFkfr esa U;k;ky; {ks= uthckckn gksxkA

lHkh in voSrfud ,oa lg;ksxkRed gSa


vuqØef.kdk

'kks/k ys[k % ek[kuyky prqosZnh%dfBu thou dk ltu&èkeZ &MkW- jtuh “kekZ 5

% lar dof;=h lqcpu nklh &MkW-Jhifr dqekj ;kno 20

dgkuh % vke vkneh &ds-,l-rwQ+ku 10% xqykcksa dk ckn”kkg &veu dqekj R;kxh 11

Lefr % x+t+y dk uk;d nq";ar dqekj izLrqfr &veu 13

lk{kRdkj % fganh dk Hkfo"; vrho mTToy gS eSa rks fgUnh dks fo'oHkk"kk ds mPp LFkku ij ns[krk gw¡

&MkW- lq/kk vkse <haxjk 23

ukjh foe'kZ % ukjh tkxfr % orZeku ifjn'; &ds0,l0 rwQku 25lekt % lekt esa lkaLdfrd lM+ku dk ftEesnkj dkSu\ &xqats'ojh izlkn 29iqLrd leh{kk % /kwi ml ikj dh leh{kd & xqats'ojh izlkn 30

ifjys[ke-patrika

fganh dk Hkfo"; vrho mTToy gS eSa rksfgUnh dks fo'oHkk"kk ds mPp LFkku ij ns[krkgw¡ % vkpk;Z lUnhi dqekj R;kxh

gkFkksa esa vaxkjksa dks fy;s lksp jgk Fkk]dksbZ eq>s vaxkjksa dh rklhj crk,A &nq";Ur

;g Meh vad

ifjys[k& uoEcj] 2012dforkMkW- ohjsUnz iq"id

HkksykukFk R;kxh

MkW- Jhifr ;kno

vpZuk jkt

jf'e vHk;

iquhrk ckok

vuhrk BDdj

MkW- lq'khy dqekj R;kxh

veu dqekj R;kxh


^,d Hkkjrh; vkRek* ek[kuykyprqosZnh dk tUe lu~ 1889 esa gqvk FkkA ckcbZesa tUes ek[kuyky th dk tUe dk ukeeksguyky FkkA muds firk Jh uUnyky thO;olk; ls v/;kid vkSj LoHkko ls vk/kqfudlaLdkjksa rFkk lsokHkkoh pfj= ds Lokeh FksAek[kuyky prqosZnh dks oS’.ko&laLdkj viusfirk ls gh izkIr gq, FksA ek[kuyky prqosZnhds thou ij mudh ekrk th dk cgqr izHkkoiM+k FkkA mUgksaaus viuh ek¡ ds fo’k; esa Lo;afy[kk gS &^êsjs thou dh dkseyrj ?kfM+;ksadk vk/kkj esjh ek¡ gSA esjs NksVs ls Å¡ps mBusesa Hkh] Qwyk u lekus okyk rFkk esjh osnuk esaO;kdqy gks mBus okyk] ml tSlk dksbZ ughaA^^1

ek[kuyky prqosZnh dh ek¡ eerk] okRlY;]lkgl] R;kx vkSj ekuo lqyHk vkn”kZ xq.kksadh izfrewfrZ FkhA ek[kuyky th dks viusfirk ds lkFk gh viuh ek¡ ls ladYi&”kfDr]vU;k; dk fojks/k djus dh Hkkouk] la?k’kZ lsizse vkSj foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa vnE; lkgltSls xq.k izkIr gq, FksA

ek[kuyky th vius izkjfEHkd thouesa cgqr gh uV[kV izofRr ds FksA ckylqyHkuV[kV LoHkko ds dkj.k muds iM+kslh Hkhijs”kku jgrs FksA bl dkj.k ls mUgsa izk;% gh?kj vkSj fon~;ky;] nksuksa LFkkuksa ij izrkfM+rfd;k tkrk Fkk] ijUrq muds uV[kV LoHkko esadHkh Hkh deh ugha vkrh FkhA dHkh iM+kSfl;ksadks ijs”kku djrs rks dHkh lkfFk;ksa dks vkSjdHkh&dHkh rks fon~;ky; ds pijklh rd dksu NksM+rs FksA ckcbZ esa tUes prqosZnh th viusckY; dky esa gh fNnxk¡o pys x;s FksA ^ckcbZds ckn ek[kuyky vius firk ds lkFk fNnxk¡opyk x;kA gjnk LVs”ku ls 10 ehy nwjgks”kaxkckn dh fn”kk esa ;g ,d xk¡o gS vkSjbl uke ls jsyos LVs”ku Hkh gSA**2 fNnxk¡odh fueXurk us ek[kuyky dks vR;f/kd izHkkforfd;k vkSj ;gha ij muds ckY; dky dkvfèkdka”k le; O;rhr gqvk] ^êk[kuykyprqosZnh dk lEiw.kZ ckY; dky vkSj vf/kdka”kthou gks”kaxkckn ftys dh jgL;e;h fueXurkesa Mwck jgk gSA^^3

ek[kuyky th dks vius izkjfEHkdthou esa iz—fr dk Hkh je.kh; :i ns[kus dkHkjiwj volj izkIr gqvk] D;ksafd gks”kaxkcknioZr Üka[kykvksa ls vkoÙk] ufn;ksa dh dy&dy/ofu ls vksrizksr ,oa lqjE; ty /kkjk ls

vkPNkfnr lqUnj HkwHkkx gSA ueZnk unh dhty /kkjk us rks mls vkSj Hkh /kU; dj fn;kgSA Lo;a prqosZnh gh ugha oju~ mudk lEiw.kZifjokj Hkh vius xk¡o ckcbZ esa] tgk¡ viusfon~;kfn xq.kksa ds fy, izfl) Fkk] ogha nwljhvksj vius n<+ ladYiksa ds fy, Hkh tkuk tkrkFkkA ;s lHkh xq.k prqosZnh th dks Hkh fojklresa feys Fks blfy, rks mudh Lej.k&“kfDrvrqyuh; FkhA mUgksaus Lo;a fy[kk gS &**fgUnhdh igyh Dykl dh ikB~;&iqLrd ds ikBeq>s 69 o’kZ dh mez esa Hkh ;kn gSaA**4

Ekk[kuyky prqosZnh th dh izkjfEHkdf”k{kk muds xk¡o ckcbZ esa gh gqbZA i<+us esarhoz cqnf/k~ fo|kFkhZ gksus ds lkFk&lkFk os ,dlQy vfHku;drkZ Hkh FksA izkjfEHkd f”k{kkiw.kZ gks tkus ds i”pkr mUgsa ia0 ckyHkV~V thds ikl laL—r dk v/;;u djus ds fy,Hkstk x;kA dBksj LoHkko ds xq# gksus dsdkj.k os muls i<+us ds fy, rS;kj u FksALoHkko ls fouez ,oa dq”ky f”k{kd muds firkuUnyky th us vius iq= dks v/;;u ds fy,uknusj HkstkA uknusj dh f”k{kk&in~/kfrxq#dqy iz.kkyh dh FkhA ogk¡ dh iz.kkyh esafo|kFkhZ vusd izdkj ds lsok dk;Z Hkh djrsFks] tks ek[kuyky th dks ilUn u FksA osblls vlUrq’V jgrs Fks vkSj ;gha ij mudsfonzksg ds Loj Hkh QwV iM+rs FksA fgUnh dhiqLrdsa i<+us dh izcy vkdka{kk j[kus okysprqosZnh th us uknusj esa fgUnh dk iz;ksx eukgksus ij Hkh yYywyky n~okjk fojfpr izselkxjdk v/;;u dj gh Mkyk] ifj.kkeLo:i fiVkbZHkh feyhA viuh “kadkvksa dk lek/kku <w¡<usvkSj u,&u, rF;ksa dh [kkstksa esa rks os lnkvkxs jgrs FksA muesas fdruh gh [kwfc;k¡ rksfirk dh nsu FkhaA os Lo;a fy[krs gSa & ^pqVdqys]miek] NksVh dgkfu;k¡] eqgkojs vkSj mfDr;k¡esjs ikl vf/kdka”k esa vius firk th dh nhgqbZ gSaA os tc xk¡o esa vius fdlh ifjfpr lsckr djrs] rc bu phtksa dk mi;ksx fd;kdjrs vkSj dkSrwgyo”k yxkrkj lquus ds dkj.kos eq>s ;kn jg tkrhaA^^5

ek[kuyky th pkSng o’kZ dh vk;qesa gh vius lqUnj xkSj o.kZ] lqUnj us=ksa]eqLdjkgV Hkjs v/kjksa] vkHkk;qDr “kjhj vkSjlaHkk’k.k ls fdlh dks Hkh vkdf’kZr dj ysrsFksA mudh bUgha fo”ks’krkvksa ls vk—’V ckcbZds gh ,d lTtu us viuh ukS o’khZ;k iq=hX;kjlhckbZ ls prqosZnh th dk fookg dj fn;kA

vHkkoksa ls Hkjs oSokfgd thou o fujUrj mis{kkds dkj.k iRuh vLoLFk gks x;ha vkSj ;{ekjksx dh pissV esa vk tkus ls vYik;q esa gh bUgsalnk&lnk ds fy, NksM+ dj ijyksdoklh gksx;haA iRuh dh eqR;q ds dkj.k bUgsa thouvaèkdkj Hkjh jkf= ds leku yf{kr gqvkA nwljkfookg u djus dh ckr ls gh izdV gksrk gSfd vHkkoxzLr oSokfgd thou gksus ij HkhiRuh ds izfr mudh lPph vkLFkk o izse dkdksbZ vUr ugha FkkA ^HkkbZ NksM+ks ugh eq>s“kh’kZd xhr ds ek/;e ls mudh iRuh ds “kksddk ,d vyx gh :i ifjyf{kr gksrk gSA

ek[kuyky prqosZnh [k.Mok ds Ldwyesa v/;kid Fks] tgk¡ mUgsa xf.kr ds v/;kiu esaiqjLdkj fn;k x;k FkkA ogk¡ os lgk;dizèkkukè;kid Hkh jgsA mUgha fnuksa mudk fy[kkukVd lgk;d f”k{kk fujh{kd ds le{k vfHkuhrgqvk FkkA v/;kid ds :i esa mUgksaus lekt dhiz”kalk izkIr dh vkSj os Nk=ksa ds lkFk ghvfHkHkkodksa rFkk lkFkh v/;kidksa esa Hkh yksdfiz;gq,A

i=dkfjrk ls ek[kuyky prqosZnhdk lEcU/k cgqr xgjk FkkA mUgksaus lu~ 1908esa ^jk’Vªh; vkUnksyu vkSj cfg’dkj* fo’k; ij,d fucU/k fy[kk FkkA mu fnuksa ek/kojko lizs}kjk ^^fgUnh dsljh^^& uked i= dk izdk”kufd;k x;k FkkA ek[kuyky th dk fucU/k bli= esa izdkf”kr gqvk vkSj mUgsa izFke iqjLdkjfeykA blh izdkj tc ^lqcks/k fla/k^^ lkIrkfgdesa ek[kuyky th dk ^^”kfDr iwtk^^ “kh’kZdfucU/k izdkf”kr gqvk rks mUgsa jktnzksgh ?kksf’krfd;k x;kA ;g ,d nwljs izdkj dk iqjLdkjFkkA bl ?kVuk us mUgsa i=dkfjrk txr lsfoeq[k djus ds cnys thou Hkj ds fy, mllstksM+ fn;kA i=dkfjrk ds lkFk mudk ;gxBcU/ku thoui;ZUr pykA mUgksaus lu~ 1913esa ^îzHkk** uked ekfld i= dk lEiknudk;Z izkjEHk fd;kA ;g ,d ,slk i= Fkk]ftlesa rRdkyhu ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds ;FkkFkZ dslkFk&lkFk izpqj ek=k esa lkfgfR;d lkexzhdk izdk”ku gksrk FkkA Lej.kh; gS fd bldsizdk”ku ls dqN gh o’kZ igys lu~ 1909 esat;”kadj izlkn ^^bUnq ^ dk izdk”ku djk pqdsFk sA m/kj vkpk;Z egkohj izlkn f}osnh^^ljLorh^^ ds ek/;e ls lkfgR;] lekt vkSjvkSj LorU=rk ds fy, vfHkuo iz;kl dj jgsFksA ^îzHkk**] ^^ljLorh** vkSj ^^bUnq** fefJrijEijk dh if=dk,¡ FkhaA ek[kuyky prqosZnh

ek[kuyky prqosZnh%dfBu thou dk l`tu&èkeZMkW- jtuh “kekZ

uthckckn

'kks/k ys[k


us lu~ 1920 esa ^^deZohj^^ dk izdk”ku izkjEHkfd;kA ;g ,d ,slk i= Fkk] ftlls Hkkjr ij“kklu djus okyh lEiw.kZ fczfV”k lÙkk FkjkZrhFkhA Jhdkar tks”kh us ,d izlax esa fy[kk gS&^êk[kuyky prqosZnh ds lEikndRo esas foxr30 o’kksZa ls fudyus okyk ^^deZohj^^ mudhvkXus; i=dkfjrk dk riksou gSA jDrLukrnqfu;k dh Hk;kog ifjfLFkfr;k¡ pkgs viukvfHk”kki QSykus ds fy, gkoh gks jgh gkas] pkgsns”k esa enkU/k vfoosd Hkkjrh;rk dh gR;kdjus ij mrk: gks] bl lkIrkfgd us foxr25 o’kksZa ls gekjs vUr%dj.k dh ifo=rk dhvR;fèkd lqj{kk fu;ksftr dh gSA ^^deZohj^^Hkkjrh; vkRek dh “khyorh dke/ksuq cuk gqvkfojkV :fi.kh Hkjr ek¡ ds ekul p{kqvksa] ogHkh [kqys gq, ekul p{kq dk nkf;Ro ogu djjgk gSA ^^deZohj** dk eukseUFku] {kh.k&cy]{kh.k&dks’k dHkh ugha jgkA**6 deZohj dh “kfDrØkfUrdkjh Hkkouk vkSj iz[kjrk dks rRdkyhuØkfUrdkfj;ksa us viuh izsj.kk dk lzksr ekukgh Fkk vkSj usrkth lqHkk’kpUnz cksl us Hkhbldh egkurk dks Lohdkj fd;k FkkAek[kuyky th deZohj ds ek/;e ls Hkkjr dhnklrk dks u’V djus dk vfHk;ku pyk jgsFksA mUgksaus bl i= dks turk ds gkFk dkcM+k “kfDr”kkyh gfFk;kj cuk Mkyk FkkA cnysesa rRdkyhu lkezkT;oknh ljdkj muls cgqrukjkt gks x;h Fkh rFkk gj lEHko mik;viuk dj mudk ekxZ jksd nsuk pkgrh FkhAek[kuyky th Hkh dksbZ de dq”ky ugha FksA osviuk okLrfod uke fNikdj ^^,d Hkkjrh;vkRek**] ^^,d uo;qod**] ^^Jh xksiky**] ^^Jhfo”o O;kIr**] ^^HkDr lUrku**] vkfn ukeksa lsvaxszth ljdkj dks /oLr djus esa yxs Fks rFkkturk dks txkus okys ys[k fy[krs FksA^^deZohj^^ igys tcyiqj ls izdkf”kr gksrkFkkA lu~ 1925 esa og [k.Mok vk x;kA ogk¡Hkh mlus viuk ØkfUrdkjh dk;Z tkjh j[kkAek[kuyky prqosZnh us lu~ 1923 esa dkuiqj lsfudyus okys x.ks”k “kadj fon~;kFkhZ ds i=^îzrki^^ dk Hkh lEiknu fd;kA x.ks”k “kadjfon~;kFkhZ ek[kuyky th dh i=dkj izfrHkkdk yksgk ekurs FksA os mudh ØkfUrdkjhxfrfof/k;ksa ls Hkh ifjfpr FksA ml ;qx ds bunks egku i=dkjksa us lEiw.kZ fgUnh i=dkfjrkdks fn”kk nsus dk dk;Z fd;kA ;g ek[kuykyth dh i=dkfjrk dk gh izHkko Fkk fd mUgsalu~ 1927 esa ^Hkjriqj lEiknd lEesyu^^ vkSjlu~ 1934 esa ^vf[ky Hkkjrh; i=dkj ifj’kn~]dk”kh** dk v/;{k pquk x;kA ek[kuykyprqosZnh i=dkj izfrHkk dh nf’V ls yksdekU;ckyxaxk/kj fryd] x.ks”k “kadj ^^fon~;kFkhZ ^]

egf’kZ vjfoUn tSls egkekuoksa ds led{k FksAmUgksaus lPps vFkksZa esa i=dkfjrk ds {ks= esa ,du, ØkfUrdkjh ;qx dk lw=ikr fd;kA

ek[kuyky prqosZnh dk dk;Z&{ks=i=dkfjrk ds lkFk&lkFk jktuhfr Hkh FkkA;g ml le; dh vko”;drk FkhA ijk/khuns”k ds ukxfjd ds :i esa os furkUr vlUrq’VvkSj {kqC/k jgrs FksA mUgsa ftl foo”krk usi=dkfjrk ds ek/;e ls ns”k dks txkus dsfy, ck/; fd;k] mlh ijrU=rk ls tUehfoo”krk us ,d jktuhfrd dk;ZdrkZ Hkh cuk;kAml dky esa Hkkjrh; jktuhfr ds f{kfrt ijegkREkk xk¡/kh dk mn; gks pqdk FkkA ek[kuykyth dks Hkh vU; vusd yksxksa dh Hkk¡fr xk¡/khth us viuh vksj vk—’V fd;kA ifj.kke ;ggqvk fd os dkaxzsl ds lnL; cu x, rFkk blny n~okjk lapkfyr jktuSfrd xfrfof/k;ksa esaHkkx ysdj LorU=rk vkUnksyu esa egRoiw.kZHkwfedk fuHkkus yxsA mudk dk;Z Fkk &jktuSfrd dk;ZdrkZvksa dks izksRlkfgr djukvkSj ijrU=rk ds fo#n~/k txg&txg Hkk’k.knsukA blh Øe esa tc mUgksaus lu~ 1921 esafcykliqj esa Hkk’k.k fn;k rks mlls fp<+djvaxzst ljdkj us mUgsa vkB ekg dk lJedkjkokl lquk;kA 1923 esa >.Mk&lR;kxzg esamudh lfØ; Hkwfedk cgqr egRoiw.kZ jghA1930 esa taxy lR;kxzg dh lfØ; Hkwfedk dsfy, mUgsa ,d o’kZ ds dkjkokl dk n.Mlquk;k x;kA tsy esa jgrs gq, mUgsa cgqr lh;kruk,¡ Hkksxuh iM+haA mudh ^^dS+nh vkSjdksfdy^^ dfork mu lc ;krukvksa dk bfrgklgSA ;g dfork ek[kuyky prqos Znh dsØkfUrdkjh O;fDrRo vkSj jktuSfrd le> dkmnkgj.k Hkh gSA blds ek/;e ls mUgksausnklrk rFkk turk ij fd, tkus okys vR;kpkjksadk ltho fp=.k fd;k gSA

Åij ls ,slk izrhr gksrk gsS fdek[kuyky prqosZnh izkjEHk ls gh xk¡/kh&ekxZ dsvuq;k;h Fks] fdUrq ;g ,d v/kZlR; gSAokLrfodrk ;g gSa fd prqosZnh th ewyr%ØkfUrdkjh iz—fr ds O;fDr FksA LorU=rk izkfIrds fy, pyk, tk jgs ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu lsgh mudk gkfnZd tqM+ko Hkh FkkA ØkfUr ds ;slaLdkj mUgsa f”k{kk izkIr djrs le; gh feyx, FksA mudk ØkfUrdkjh ;qodksas ls lEidZ gksx;k Fkk vkSj os muds ny ds lnL; Hkh cux, FksA MkWa- pUnzHkkuq izlkn flag us ek[kuykyprqosZnh vkSj ØkfUrdkjh r#.kksa ds lUnHkZ esafy[kk gS &**bu r#.kksa dh ikB~;&iqLrd cafdepUnz pVthZ dh ^^vkuUneB** uked iqLrdFkhA ;s r#.k ,d gkFk esa fiLrkSy vkSj nwljsgkFk esa xhrk ysdj vius deZ&iFk ij vxzlj

FksA xhrk mUgsa deZ dh Hkk’kk vkSj ok.kh ns jghFkhA ^vkuUneB** ml ok.kh vkSj deZ dks fn”kkfn[kkus dk dke dj jgh FkhA^^7 mu fnuksaprqosZnh th yksdekU; fryd ls Hkh cgqr izHkkforFksA muds thou dk ,d gh y{; cu x;k Fkk& ØkfUr djds bl ns”k dks vaxzstksa ls eqDrdjukA os vkRek dh u”ojrk dk eU= jVrs gq,gkFk esa fiLrkSy ysdj ØkfUr vfHk;ku esa izk.ki.kls lfØ; jgrs FksA vkxs pydj os xk¡/kh th dslEidZ esa vk, vkSj muds jktuSfrd dk;ZØeds izfr vkdf’kZr gq,A brus ij Hkh mudkØkfUrdkjh LoHkko iwjh rjg ifjofrZr ugha gqvkAtc Hkh volj feyk mUgksaus xk¡/kh th dhle>kSrs okyh uhfr dk fojks/k fd;kA ek[kuykyprqosZnh dk jktuSfrd&thou LorU=rk izkfIrds i”pkr~ Hkh pyrk jgkA ;g vyx ckr gS fdftu usrkvksa ds gkFkksa esa LorU= Hkkjr dh ckxMksjvkbZ] mUgksaus mUgsa mudk LokHkkfod izkI; ughafn;kA fQj Hkh os le>kSrk oknh ugha cusA

;g vk”p;Z dk fo’k; gS fd ,dHkkjrh; vkRek tSlh ltx foHk wfr dheR;q&frfFk ds fo’k; esa vusd HkzkfUr;k¡ izpfyrgks xbZA dqN us mudh eR;q 30 tuojh 1967¼gfj—’.k izseh & vkt ds fgUnh dfo ,oa MkW-uxsUnz & Hkkjrh; lkfgR; dks”k vkfn½ dks?kksf’kr dh rks dqN us cgqr ihNs tkrs gq, lu~1956 ¼vjfoUn ik.Ms & fgUnh ds izeq[k dfo% jpuk vkSj f”kYi½A nwljh vksj bfrgkl dqNvkSj gh dgrk gSA miyC/k lkexzh ds vuqlkje/; izns”k fo/kkulHkk us 21 Qjojh] 1968 dksek[kuyky prqosZnh dks Jn~/kkatfy lefiZrdh FkhA bl ?kVuk ds vk/kkj ij os mlh o’kZgels fonk gq,A xEHkhj v/;srkvksa us [kkstdjds mudh eR;q&frfFk 30 tuojh lu~ 1968?kksf’kr dh gSA

ek[kuyky prqosZnh us ,d ckj viuseu dh ihM+k dks izdV djrs gq, dgk Fkk &^êsjs thou dk lcls cM+k liuk gS fd viuk?kj gks vkSj mlesa ,d ckFk :e gksA fdjk, ds?kj dh Hkh dksbZ ftUnxh gS \ gj {k.k yxrkjgrk gS fd dksbZ] tks gels Hkh cM+k gS vkSjmlds ge fdjk;snkj gSaA**8 bl izlax lsek[kuyky prqoZsnh ds thou la?k’kZ dk ,d,slk ladsr feyrk gS] tks muds n~okjk fd,tkus okys lEiw.kZ thou la?k’kZ dks le>us esalgk;d gks ldrk gSA ek[kuyky prqosZnh ewyr%ftl fcUnq ls vkxs c<+s Fks] og fcUnq gh Lo;a esala?k’kZ dk izfr:i FkkA mUgsa thou dh okLrfodrkdks le>us ls igys gh oSokfgd thou esa vk,?kksj vHkko ls mRiUu ekufld la?k’kZ dks lgudjuk iM+k FkkA blds ckn rks os lekt vkSjjk’Vª ls tqM+rs x;s rFkk mudk la?k’kZ Hkh foLrkj


ikrk x;kA prqosZnh th ds thou vkSj lkfgR;dk v/;;u djus okys fon~okuksa us muds la?k’kZds fofHkUu igyqvksa dks le>k vkSj le>k;k gSAvè;;srk ekurs gSa fd ôs jpukdkj vkSj lSfudnksuksa FksA vaxzstksa dh xqykeh esa Q¡ls dlelkrsgq, ns”k dh osnuk dks ok.kh nsus okys fuHkhZdjpukdkj lSfud ek[kuyky th dky&dksBjhesa Hkh viuh gqadkj Hkjrs gq, Øwj “kklu dh pwyasfgykus dk ne&[ke j[krs FksA vaxzstksa ds “kks’k.k]neu ls iwjk ns”k ldrs esa vk x;k FkkA ,slhfLFkfr esa vaxzstksa ds :&c&: gksdj ckr dhek[kuyky th usA ek[kuyky th ds iklykx&yisV ugh a g SA mUgk s au s fc z fV”klkezkT;okfn;ksa dk [kqYye&[kqYyk fojks/k fd;kAoLrqr% mudh jpuk dk mRl rks ijrU= jk’Vªdh O;Fkk&dFkk ls viz;kl mPNokflr gksmBk Fkk] vkfn dfo ds “kksdksPNokl dh rjgA**9

ek[kuyky th us tks fo”kky lkfgR; jpk gS]mlesa ^^Hkkjro’kZ ij cy iwoZd “kklu djusokys fons”kh “kkldksa ds vR;kpkjksa dk fp=.kvkSj mudk fojks/k fon~;eku gSA**10 prqosZnhth iwjs fczfV”k lkezkT;okn ls vius vkRecyds lgkjs ij Vdjk tkus dk lkgl j[krs FksAmudk ;g Vdjko Hkh cgqvk;keh gksrk FkkAlkezkT;okn bl ns”k dh turk dh nklrkdk gh izrhd ugha Fkk] og gekjh tkrh; vkSjlkaL—frd voufr dk izrhd Hkh FkkA blhfy,ek[kuyky prqosZnh us lkezkT;okn ls la?k’kZdks vius jk’Vªokn dk vfHkUu vax cuk;kAifj.kkeLo:i prqosZnh th dk lkezkT;oknfojksèk] jk’Vªh; dkO;&/kkjk ds fo”kky Qyddk vax cukA11

ek[kuyky prqosZnh ds thou&la?k’kZdk ,d i{k lkeUrokn ls la?k’kZ Hkh gSA ;gHkh muds jk’Vªh;&la?k’kZ dk gh ,d fgLlkFkkA prqosZnh th ekurs Fks fd Hkkjr dh voufrds ewy esa lkeUrokn Hkh ,d cM+k dkj.k gS]D;ksafd ;g lkezkT;okn dks fVdk, j[kus dsfy, ,d etcwr ik, dk dke djrk gSAek[kuyky th ds lkfgR; esa la?k’kZ ds bl:i dks cM+h vklkuh ls js[kkafdr fd;k tkldrk gSA**ek[kuyky th ds ys[ku&deZ ijewy laosnuk dk xgjk vlj iM+k gSA mUgksausfofHkUu Lrjksa ij lkezkT;okn ls la?k’kZ djusds lkFk gh mlds lkekftd vk/kkj Hkkjrh;lkearokn ls Hkh la?k’kZ fd;k gSA**12 prqosZnhth us vius i=dkj thou esa Hkh tks la?k’kZfd;k Fkk] og cgqvk;keh FkkA ijrU=rk dkog dky i=dkfjrk vkSj vU; izdkj dsjk’Vªoknh ys[kd ds fy, dksbZ de d’Viw.kZoSls Hkh ugha dgk tk ldrkA ek[kuyky thds fy, rks mldk ladViw.kZ gksuk lgt gh

FkkA Jh dkUr tks”kh ds vuqlkj & ^lu~ 1913ls lu~ 1945 rd dh i=dkfjrk ,d cM+htksf[ke FkhA blesa Hkh lu~ 1913 ls lu~ 1935rd dh i=dkfjrk rks cM+h d’Vizn FkhAek[kuyky th dks vkSj muds edku dks iqfylvkSj lh-vkbZ-Mh- dh utj lrr~ ?ksjs jgrh Fkh]ifj.kker% deZohj esa fy[kuk rks nwj dh ckrFkh] deZohj ds lEiknd ls fdlh dk lEidZgS] ;g ckr Hkh uksV gks tkrh Fkh] yksx Hk;Hkhrjgrs FksA**13 bruk gksrs gq, Hkh ek[kuykyprqosZnh us viuk y{; vkSj ladYi ugha NksM+kAek[kuyky th dks vius la?k’kZ dk Hkjiwj ewY;Hkh pqdkuk iM+kA ^^bldh dher muls fczfV”klkezkT; us gh ugha olwyh] LorU= Hkkjr ds“kkldksa us Hkh iwjh dher olwyhA Hkkjr LorU=gqvk] ek[kuyky th ds thou dk ,d liukiwjk gqvk] fdUrq lÙkk ds xfy;kjksa ij vfèkdkjtek ysus okys yksxksa us mUgsa /kdsy ckgjfd;kA**14

la?k’kZ dh blh cgqvk;keh i’BHkwfeus ,d Hkkjrh; vkRek ds Lig.kh; O;fDRkRodk xBu Hkh fd;kA 20oha “krkCnh ds LoukeèkU;ys[kd vKs; us muds O;fDrRo dk ewY;kadubu “kCnksa esa fd;k gS & ^^ml ;qx esa tcvfèkdrj ys[kd fo[kf.Mr O;fDrRo okys ys[kdgksus yxs Fks] ek[kuyky th ds v[kf.MrO;fDrRo us vius ledkyhuksa ds lkeus ,dvkn”kZ Hkh j[kk] ,d pqukSrh Hkh [kM+h dhAfdlh Hkh ns”k] fdlh Hkh lekt ds fy, ,dv[k.M O;fDrRo ,d cgqr cM+h miyfC/k gSA**15

Mk- ds- outk] ek[kuyky th ds O;fDrRo ds,d vU; i{k dk mn~?kkVu djrh gSaA** osmuds ok.kh&dkS”ky ij eqX/k gSa vkSj ekurhgSa fd ek[kuyky th ds O;fDrRo esa mudhoDr`Ro&“kSyh dk cgqr egRo gSA bldk dkj.kmudk v/;;u] jktuSfrd laLdkj vkSjLorU=rk vkUnksyu esa fuHkk;h xbZ Hkwfedk rksgS gh muds gkL;&fouksniw.kZ thou laLdkjHkh gSaA ;g dguk lgh izrhr gksrk gS fd &^^fu>Zj.kh ds leku izokgeku mudh ok.kh esadgha Hkh dksbZ #dkoV ugha gksrh] fdUrq e;kZnkdh lhek dks og ok.kh ugha yk¡?krh gS] Hkkoiw.kZmudk oDrO; dHkh mins”kkRed ugha gS] cfYdueZ&fouksn] gYdk lk O;aX;] ifjgkliw.kZ gS]budh ok.kh esa lpeqp xn~; vkSj in~; dkljl feJ.k gqvk gSA**16 ek[kuyky prqosZnhds O;fDrRo dk ,d i{k mudh jpuk”khyrkls Hkh tqM+k gqvk gSA jpukdkj ds O;fDrRo esaek= lkfgR;&ltu dk xq.k gh ugha gksrk]cfYd l`tu&ijEijk dks izksRlkfgr djus] vkxsc<+kus vkSj ifjiq’V cukus dk xq.k Hkh gksrk gSA;g xq.k fdlh lkfgR;dkj ds vkUrfjd oSf”k’V~;

vkSj lkSUn;Z dks izdV djrk gSA prqosZnh thdfo gksus ds lkFk&lkFk ,d Js’B xn~;dkjHkh FksA mudh xn~; jpukvksa esa mudk O;fDrRo;=&r= fc[kjk iM+k gSA bruk gh ugha mUgksausviuh xn~;&ys[ku {kerk ls lEiw.kZ xn~;ijEijk dks fn”kk Hkh iznku dh gSA bls mudhlkfgR; dks nsu Hkh dgk tk ldrk gSA17

xn~; ds lkFk prqosZnh th dk O;fDrRo viuhiwjh HkO;rk esa dfork esa izdV gqvk gSA mudhdfork i<+ dj ;g irk pyrk gS fd mUgksausviuh dforkvksa ds “kCn&”kCn esa viukØkfUrdkjh O;fDrRo mMsyk gS vkSj muds ek/;e ls jk’Vª&lsoh ihf<+;ksa dks izHkkfor fd;kgSA leh{kdksa ds vuqlkj dforkvksa esa prqosZnhth ds O;fDrRo dk tkToY;eku O;fDrRoizdV gqvk gSA ogk¡ os fopkjd gSa] fpUrd gSa]cfynkuh gSa] R;kxh gSa] lkglh gSa vkSj ,dlEiw.kZ jk’Vªoknh gSaA mudh dfork,¡ lPpsvFkksZa esa eU=ksPpkj dh lh vuqHkwfr nsrh gSaA18

prqosZnh th nq/kZ’kZ O;fDrRo ds Lokeh FksAle>kSrkoknh uhfr ls mUgsa ?k.kk FkhA ;gfo”ks’krk vktUe muds O;fDrRo dk vax cuhjgh] ;gk¡ rd fd dkaxzsl dh mÙkjorhZ xfrfof/k;ksa esa Hkh mUgksaus le>kSrkokn dks Lohdkjugha fd;kA19

ek[kuyky prqosZnh ds O;fDrRo dk,d xq.k & vU; yksxksa ds O;fDrRo dkslgh&lgh le>uk Hkh FkkA os vius lEidZ esavk;s yksxksa ds O;fDrRo esa iwjh iSB cukrs FksvkSj le; vkus ij vius vuqHko lfgr mldhizLrqfr djrs FksA ;g dk;Z cgqr dfBu vkSj;g xq.k cgqr fojy gksrk gSA dksbZ O;fDrO;kid thou&cks/k vkSj lw{exzkgh nf’V dsvHkko esa bls izkIr ughsa dj ldrkA ek[kuykyth us bl xq.k dks vius O;fDrRo dk vaxcuk;k FkkA bldk mnkgj.k muds n~okjk fy[kslaLej.k gSaA mudh jpukoyh esa bl izlax dkmYys[k bu “kCnksa esa gqvk gS & ^^,d HkhlaLej.k ,slk ugha] ftlesa vHkh’V O;fDr dklewpk O;fDrRo eq[kj u gqvk gksA O;fDr dsdk;Z&{ks= ds vuqlkj ifjfLFkfr fo”ys’k.k]“kkjhfjd&ekufld xBu] izHkko vkfn dkfooj.k izLrqr djus esa og lQy bfrgkldkjdfo dh nf’V dk lfEefyr iz;Ru nf’Vxkspjgksrk gSA**20

ek[kuyky prqosZnh ds thou&la?k’kZvkSj muds O;fDrRo ls tqM+dj gh mudhfopkj/kkjk dk v/;;u fd;k tk ldrk gSAmuds fo’k; esa ;g tkuuk cgqr vko”;d gSfd ^mudk fpUru fuBYyksa dk ekul&[kkn~;dHkh ugha cukA os “kkS;Z&ijkØe dh Hkk’kk esafpUru djrs jgs gSa vkSj eSaus ns[kk] bl le;


muds la?k’kZ”khy psruk ds ikS#’k nIr rst ls;qDr vk;Z eq[k ij cl nks gh lR; vo”ks’k jgx, gSa] thou deZ Hksnh nf’V vkSj mlds uhps“osr “eJqA**21 prqosZnh th dh thou xkFkk dsvuqlkj tc os ØkfUrdkjh xfrfof/k;ksa esa fo”oklizdV djds ØkfUrdkjh ny ls tqM+s Fks vkSjns”k dh LorU=rk ds fy, ej&feVus dk ladYidjds cfyiaFkh cus Fks] ml le; mUgsa vU;oLrqvksa ds lkFk xhrk dh ,d izfr Hkh HksaV dhx;h FkhA bldk mudh fopkjèkkjk ij vfeVizHkko iM+kA mlls dqN igys os cafde dsvkuUn eB ds lEidZ esa vk gh pqds FksA mlmiU;kl —fr us mUgsa n<+ ladYi vkSj pqukSrhiw.kZ?kM+h esa nwjnf”kZrkiw.kZ fu.kZ; ysus dh izsj.kk nhFkhA bu ?kVukvksa dk ek[kuyky th dh fopkj/kkjk ls egRoiw.kZ fj”rk gSA prqosZnh th ds laLdkjcpiu ls gh oS’.ko&laLdkj FksA mudsekrk&firk n~okjk iznŸk bu laLdkjksa us Hkhmuds fopkjksa dks lacy iznku fd;kA brukgksus ij Hkh ;g mudh tUetkr ØkfUrdkfjrkgh Fkh] ftlus mUgsa oS’.ko :f<+;ksa ls Hkh cpk;kAmuds fo’k; esa dgk tkrk gS fd ^êk[kuykyth oSpkfjd&nk”kZfud nf’V ls ,d fof”k’Vizdkj dh oS’.koh fopkj/kkjk ds iz.ksrk FksA ;gijEijkxr oS’.koh fopkj/kkjk ls loZFkk fHkUugSA bls uo oS’.kookn dg ldrs gSaA**22

ek[kuyky th dk ;g uooS’.kookn ns”k&fgrdks loksZifj ekurk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd os /keZ ijk;.k rks Fks] fdUrq /kkfeZd deZdk.M dsihNs vU/ks gksdj nkSM+us okys ughaA mudhoS’.koh fopkj/kkjk us muds jk’Vªokn dk iwjhrjg iks’k.k fd;k FkkA23 ek[kuyky th dhfopkj/kkjk dk fudV ls v/;;u djus ij;g Hkh Li’V gksrk gS fd os vius fonzksghLoHkko ds dkj.k /keZ] jk’Vª] tkfr] laL—frvkfn ds lEcU/k esa igys dqN lhek,¡ [khaprsFks vkSj fQj mudk vfrØe.k Hkh djrs FksA;g ,d foLe;dkjh rF; gS fd prqosZnh thdh oS’.ko&psruk vkSj muds ØkfUrdkjh n”kZuds e/; fujUrj ,d lUrqyu cuk jgkA mudsthou esa Hkh vkSj muds lkfgR; esa HkhA24

blls prqosZnh th ds oSpkfjd f{kfrt dhfuLlherk Hkh izdV gksrh gSA mUgksaus thouHkj /kekZU/krk dk fojks/k fd;kA Hkkjrh; ys[kdksaesa bl nf’V ls x.ks”k ”kadj fo|kFkhZ mudsled{k dgs tk ldrs gSaA ;s nksuksa egkiq#’kèkeZ dks ekuo ds fy, vko”;d ekurs Fks]fdUrq fdlh O;fDr vFkok oxZ fo”ks’k ds LokFkksZadh iwfrZ ds fy, mlds iz;ksx ds dV~Vj fojksèkhFksA

;g ek[kuyky prqosZnh ds izkS<+fopkj&n”kZu dk gh ifj.kke gS fd muesa

tkfrokn fojk s/k ds lkFk&lkFk O;kidekuorkokn dk Hkh fodkl gqvkA blh dslkFk os lEiw.kZ dV~Vjrkokn vkSj iqjkruiaFkhizofŸk ds fojks/kh gks x;sA ek[kuyky prqosZnhus vius xgu&vuqHko ds vk/kkj ij ;g fu’d’kZfudkyk Fkk fd Hkkjro’kZ es a fgUnqvks a vkSj eqlyekuksads e/; tks fojks/k Hkko gS] mlds fy, fczfV”klkezkT;okn rks ftEesnkj gS gh] fdUrq bunksuksa tkfr;ksa dh iqjkruiaFkh izofŸk Hkh deftEesnkj ugha gSA vius blh fopkj ds vk/kkjij mUgksaus iqjkru :f<+;ksa vkSj izfrxkeh izofŸk;ksaij Hkkjh izgkj fd;s gSaA25 prqosZnh th ds ikl,d v[k.M vkSj Bksl lkekftd n”kZu HkhFkkA bldk irk ukfj;ksa ds lEcU/k esa mudsnf’Vdks.k ls pyrk gSA vk/kqfud dky dsvkxeu ds ifj.kkeLo:i “krkfCn;ksa lsnch&dqpyh ukfj;ksa ds izfr lkekftd tkxj.kdk izkjEHk gqvkA Lo;a iq#’kksa us ;g lkspuk“kq# fd;k fd thou ds fuekZ.k esa ukjh dhegrh Hkwfedk gS( vr% mls mlds lkekftdvf/kdkjksa ls oafpr ugha j[kk tk ldrkAek[kuyky prqosZnh ,slk lkspus okyksa esa lclsvkxs FksA os cgqr izcy :i esa ;g iz”u mBkrsg S a fd ukjh tkfr Lo fu.k Z; vFkokLorU=rkiwoZd fopkj djus dk vf/kdkj D;ksaugha izkIr dj ldrh \ fQj blds mŸkj esabl lR; dk mn~?kkVu Hkh djrs gSa fd ukjhdh bl n”kk ds fy, iq#’k tkfr dk LokFkhZLoHkko gh ftEesnkj gSA mUgksaus ekuk fd ukjhlekt ds lanHkZ esa iq#’k tkfr vius LokFkZ dhlhek dk mYya?ku dj xbZ gSA26

ek[kuyky prqosZnh dh fopkjèkkjkdk ,d i{k vkfFkZd fpUru ls Hkh tqM+k gqvkgSA blds nks :i gSa & ,d mn~;ksxksa ds lEcU/k esa mudk fpUru vkSj nks] fdlkuksa dhleL;kvksa ds lEcU/k esa mudh nf’VA ek[kuykyprqosZnh mn~;ksx&/kU/kksa ds fodkl vkSj ns”kdh vkfFkZd mUufr ij cy nsrs Fks] fdUrq os;g dHkh ugha pkgrs Fks fd mn~;ksxksa ds ukeij cM+s mn~;ksxksa dk lkezkT; LFkkfir gks tk,vkSj NksVs mn~;ksxksa dk xyk ?kksV fn;k tk;AmUgksaus ges”kk y?kq mn~;ksxksa dk i{k fy;kAmlls tgk¡ muds iwathokn&fojks/k dk irkpyrk gS]27 oghas Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk lEcU/khmudh xgu xEHkhj tkudkjh Hkh izdV gksrhgSA ek[kuyky prqosZnh us ges”kk “kks’kd vkSj“kkld dk fojks/k fd;kA LorU=rk ds fy,la?k’kZ djrs le; Hkh vkSj LorU=rk ds cknHkhA blds ihNs Hkh turk dh vkfFkZd leL;k,¡gh eq[; dkj.k gSaA os Hkkjr dh —f’k O;oLFkkrFkk mldh leL;kvksa dks vPNh rjg tkursFksA mUgsa irk Fkk fd —’kd gh bl ns”k dh

vkfFkZd jh<+ rFkk vFkZ O;oLFkk ds dsUnz esa gSAvaxzsth lkezkT;okn blh —’kd lekt dk“kks’k.k vkSj Hkkjr dh vkRefuHkZj vFkZO;oLFkkdk fouk”k dj jgk FkkA ek[kuyky prqosZnh usbldk fojksèk fd;kA mudk ^deZohj** fdlkuturk dks “kks’k.k ls cpus ds fy, mRlkfgrdjrk Fkk vkSj —’kd lekt esa O;kIr vf”k{kkdks lekIr djus dk vfHk;ku pykrk FkkA;fn /;ku ls ns[ksa] rks ;g lc Hkh ,d Hkkjrh;vkRek ds jk’Vªoknh nf’Vdks.k vkSj fopkjèkkjkdk gh vfuok;Z vax FkkA

^êk[kuyky th dk jpukdky Hkh1905&06 ls 1965&66 ds yxHkx rdlkB&bdlB o’kksZa ds foLrkj esa QSyk gqvkgSA28 ;gh og le; Fkk] tc ek[kuyky thdk lh/kk lEcU/k ØkfUrdkfj;ksa ls cuk jgkA1916 ds yxHkx ek[kuyky th xk¡/kh th dsHkh izHkko esa vk,] ijUrq ;gk¡ Hkh ØkfUrdkfj;ksals izkIr er] lykg vkfn cjkcj cus jgsAek[kuyky th dk lkfgR; dHkh Hkh Bhdle; ij izdkf”kr ugha gqvkA mudh izFkeizdkf”kr —fr gS & d’.kktqZu ;qn~/k¼1918½A;g ,d lQy vkSj vR;f/kd yksdfiz; ukVdgSA 1916 esa tcyiqj ds vf[ky Hkkjrh; fgUnhlkfgR; lEesyu ds volj ij bldh izFkeizLrqfr gqbZ Fkh] fdUrq mlds ckn 1943 rd;kuh yxHkx iPphl o’kksZa rd ek[kuyky thdh dksbZ fdrkc u vk ldhA ;g og le; Fkktc os vf[ky Hkkjrh; fgUnh lkfgR; lEesyuds gfjn~okj vf/kos”ku ds lHkkifr pqus x,FksA mudh mez 54 o’kZ ds vklikl FkhA mudhf}rh; dfr Fkh & ^fgefdjhfVuh**A29 ^mudhfo[;kr —fr ^^lkfgR; nsork** dk izdk”ku1943 esa gqvk FkkA izdk”ku ds lkFk lEiw.kZfgUnh txr esa gh ugha] lEiw.kZ Hkkjrh; lkfgR;txr esa blus rgydk epk fn;kA**30 bllscM+h vkSj dkSu lh ckr gks ldrh Fkh] tksek[kuyky th dks xn~;dkjksa dh mPp Üka[kykls tksM+ ikrhA êk[kuyky th dsoy dkyt;hdfo gh ugha] oju~ iz[kj] tkx:d] euLohi=dkj Hkh FksA fczfV”k nklrk vkSj ns”kh fj;klrksads jktkvksa ds neu ds tekus esa i= fudkyukvR;Ur dfBu dk;Z FkkA ysfdu pqukSrh ds:i es a ;g dk;Z Lohdkj dj vkthoui=dkfjrk ds fy, mUgksaus viuk thou lefiZrfd;kA**31 vaxzsth “kklu ds le; i=dkfjrkdk thou dksbZ vklku dk;Z ugha Fkk vkSj bldk;Z dh ifj.kfr ds fy, fdlh ohj ;ksn~/kk dsleku gh ykSg&ys[kuh okys ek[kuyky th usviuk lEiw.kZ thou i=dkfjrk ij U;ksNkojdj fn;kA ^î=dkfjrk esa ek[kuyky th dhizfrHkk vykSfdd gSA bl mnkÙk vkSj xkSjoiw.kZ


O;olk; ds ckjs esa muds tks fopkj gSa vkSjn`f’V gS] og Hkh lpeqp vn~Hkqr gSA cM+k vpjtgksrk gS fd bruk lkjk Kku ;g vkneh dgk¡ls ik x;k \ ysfdu bldk Hkh eq>s jat jgk gSfd bl Kku ls vkSj vuqHko ls dek;h tkusokyh ØkfUrdkjh “kfDr dh vksj ^^nknk** usdHkh fo”ks’k /;ku ugha fn;kA nknk ;fn fu’BkvkSj yxu ds lkFk mlh {ks= esa tqVs jgrs rksfryd] vjfoUn dh ykSg&ys[kuh dh rjgviuh ys[kuh ls fgUnh Hkk’kh lalkj ds lclstcjnLr] lcls izHkko”kkyh izfrfuf/k cutkrsA**32 dkO; ds {ks= esa ek[kuyky prqosZnhus fgefdjhfVuh ds lkFk gh fgerjafx.kh] os.kqyksxw¡ts /kjk] ekrk] ;qxpj.k] ej.k Tokj] chtqjhdkty vk¡t jgh tSlh Js’B dkO; jpukvksa dsek/;e ls iz[kj jk’Vªoknh Hkko èkkjk dkuO;&iz.k;u fd;kA MkW- pUnzHkkuq izlkn flagus muds dkO; dks fujkys iFk dk lèkkuddgk gSA mUgha ds “kCnksa esa & êk[kuyky thdh dfork Hkkocks/k vkSj laosnuk ds /kjkryij viuh futh fo”ks’krkvksa dk ifjp; nsrhgqbZ ,d fujkys iFk dk la/kku djrh gSA**33

blh ltu&lalkj esa ek[kuyky prqosZnh dk

oSpkfjd txr Hkh O;kIr gSAlUnHkZ %1- ek[kuyky prqos Znh % ;k=k iq#’k] lEiknu ,oa ladyudrkZ % JhdkUrtks”kh] i- & 11-2- ek[kuyky prqos Znh jpukoyh] lEiknu & JhdkUrtks”kh] izFke la aLdj.k 1983] i- 25-3- ogh] i- 23-4- ogh] Hkkx & 1] i- 45-5- ogh] Hkkx & 1] i- 47-6- ogh] Hkkx & 1] i- 21-7- ek[kuyky prqos Znh vkSj Lok/khurk vkUnksyu] MkW- pUnzHkkuq izlkn flag]izFke laaLdj.k 1983] i- 39-8- ek[kuyky prqos Znh % ;k=k iq#’k] lEiknu ,oa ladyudrkZ % JhdkUrtks”kh] i- 14-9- ek[kuyky prqos Znh vkSj Lok/khurk vkUnksyu] MkW- pUnzHkkuq izlkn flag]izFke laaLdj.k 1983] i- 55-10- êk[kuyky th dh jk’Vªh; dforkvks a es a fczfV”k lkezkT; ds vR;kpkjvkSj mls yydkjus dh tSlh vfHkO;fDr gqbZ gS] oSlh ml ;qx es a fdlhnwljs fgUnh dfo dh jpukvks a es a ugha gqbZ gSA ^ ogh] i- 57-11- ôs ikih fczfV”k “kklu ij fuHkZ; gksdj vfiz; mitkrs jgsA mUgks ausfczfV”k lkezkT;okn ds f[kykQ cgqvk;keh la?k’kZ fd;kA fgUnh dh jk’Vªh;dkO;/kkjk es a ;g cgq vk;keh la?k’kZ ,d fo”kky LFkku j[krk gSA** ogh] i-57-12- ogh] i- 103-13- ek[kuyky prqos Znh jpukoyh] lEiknu & JhdkUr tks”kh] izFkelaaLdj.k 1983-14- ^LorU=rk laxzke ds vUrxZr ek[kuyky th ds lfØ; thou dhlekfIr rks eR;qi;ZUr ugha gks ldh] ij ml ;qx dh tks lÙkkdka{kh xfrfof/k gqbZ Fkh] mlesa os ,d rjg ls ihNs <dsy fn, x,A** & MkW- pUnzHkkuqizlkn flag] ek[kuyky prqos Znh vkSj Lok/khurk vkUnksyu] i- 48-15- ek[kuyky prqos Znh jpukoyh] lEiknu & JhdkUr tks”kh] izFkelaaLdj.k 1983-16- ek[kuyky prqos Znh dh jpukvks a es a ekuo ewY;ks a dh voèkkj.kk] MkW- ds-outk] la- 1995] i- 28-

17- ogh] i- 22-18- ogh] i- 18-19- ;g O;fDrRo dkaxz sl ds fojks/kh ny LorU= dkaxzsl** dh rjQ ls iwoZes a dkaxz sl dk fojks/k dj pqdk FkkA ek[kuyky th us dsUnzh; usrk dh ckrdks vLohdkj dj fn;kA &ek[kuyky prqos Znh vkSj Lok/khurk vkUnksyuMkW- pUnzHkkuq izlkn flag] izFke la aLdj.k 1983] i- 48-20- ek[kuyky prqos Znh jpukoyh] Hkkx&5-21- ogh Hkkx&1 thou] i- 28-22- ek[kuyky prqos Znh vkSj Lok/khurk vkUnksyu MkW0 pUnzHkkuq izlkn flagizFke laaLdj.k 1983] i- 136-23- ek[kuyky prqos Znh vkSj Lok/khurk vkUnksyu MkW0 pUnzHkkuq izlkn flagizFke laaLdj.k 1983] i- 135-24- ek[kuyky th viuh lhek,¡ [khaprs gS a vkSj fQj vfrdzkar Hkh djrs gS]oS’.kork vkSj ØkfUrdkfjrk ds chp ,d lq[kn larqyu LFkkfir djrs gSaA&&ogh] i- 140-25- ek[kuyky th fgUnw&eqfLye foHksn ds lanHkZ es a flQZ lkezkT;oknh“kklu dks gh nks’kh ugha Bgjkrs oju~ os blds fy, bu nksuks a dkSeks a dhiqjkru iaFkh izofÙk ij Hkh izgkj djrs gSaA &ogh] i- 96-26- ogh] i- 114-27- ek[kuyky th us ns”kh m|ksx vkSj O;olk; dh mUufr ij cy fn;kgS] ysfdu gj le; cM+ s vkSj NksVs m|fe;ks a ds QdZ dks Hkh /;ku es a j[kk]mUgks aus gj le; NksVs m|fe;ks a dh odkyr dh vkSj cM+ s m|fe;ks a dks vkM+ sgkFkks a fy;kA ;g mudh iw¡thokn fojks/kh nf’V dk ifjpk;d gSA &ogh] i-84-28- ek[kuyky prqos Znh jpukoyh] lEiknd JhdkUr tks”kh] 1983-29- ogh]30- ogh]31- ek[kuyky prqos Znh dh jpukvks a es a ekuo ewY;ks a dh vo/kkj.kk MkW- ds-outk tqykbZ 1995] i- 21-32- e/; izns”k lans”k] Lo- vuUr xksiky i- 88 ¼ek[kuyky prqos Znh dhjpukvks a es a ekuo ewY;ks a dh vo/kkj.kk ls mn~/kr i- 22½A33- ek[kuyky prqos Znh vkSj Lok/khurk vkUnksyu] MkW- pUnzHkkuq izlkn flag]izFke laLdj.k 1983] i- 76-

gekjs ikl oks vk;s cgkSr gSa A fcN³ ds gels iNrk;s cgkSr gSa AA

cgkSr gS fpyfpykrh /kwi ysfdu A nj[+rksa ds vHkh lk;s cgkSr gSa AA dgkaW <+w<w+aW eaS tk dj nq’euksa dks A;gkWa rks esjs gelk;s cgkSr gSa AA

[+kqnk dk gS lgkjk ekurk gwaW A exj eq’kfdy esa ?kcjk;s cgkSr gSa AA

lcd+ îq”id* fn;k gS fT+kanxh us AQjsc &,& fT+kanxh [kk;s cgkSr gSa AA

dHkh ckrksa ckrksa esa cgyk x;k gS A dHkh vk ds [qokcksa esa r³ik x;k gS AA

tgkWa csoQkbZ dk fdLlk fN³k rks A tqckaW ij rsjk uke gh vk x;k gS AA

eSa ih dj cgd tkÅWa D;k gS t+:jh A eq>s rks dksbZ vkSj cgdk x;k gS AA

X+kT+ky rsjh lqu ds ;s le>k gS geus A rsjk fny Hkh nqfu;k ls ?kcjk x;k gS AA

eqgCcr esa îq”id* flre yk[k >sys A exj fT+kanxh dk eT+kk vk x;k gS AA

MkW- ohjsUnz iq"id dh nks x+t+ysa


dgkuh vke vkneh

dgkuh ds fy;s fo"k;oLrq ryk'kjgk gwaA vkt ds gkykr~ brus cny x;s gSa fddgkuh ls vc nknk&nknh] ukuk&ukuh dkLoj xk;c gks x;k gSA ik=ksa dh ckr djsa rksjktk&jkuh vkSj jk{kl Hkh vc dgha utj ughavkrsA vthc lh cspSuh esjs fny esa gS& fdlij dgkuh fy[kw¡\ fpfdRldksa ij ;k odhyksaij ;k fQj jktuhfrKksa ijA mQ~Q D;k gksx;k gS esjs efLr"d dks\ dgka pyh x;h gSesjh lksp\ dqN Hkh rks le> ugha vk jgk gSAdgkuh fy[kus ds fy;s Hkh] ckj&ckj ogh vkevkneh esjs lkeus [kM+k utj vkrk gS] ftllscpus ds fy;s lHkh [kkl Hkjiwj iz;kl djrsgSaA pyks vkt bl vke vkneh ij gh dqNfy[krk gw¡A eSa fu.kZ; fd;kA esjk fu.kZ; vVygS] pkgs dksbZ Hkh fdruk Hkh eueksgd ykypns] eSa dgkuh fy[kus ds lq[k dks x¡okuk ughapkgrkA lksprk gw¡& ugk&/kksdj vkSj fQjdqN [kkdj gh fy[kus cSBwaxk] rkfd dksbZ vojksèkmRiUu gh uk gksA

vHkh eSaus ;g fu.kZ; fy;k gh Fkkfd rHkh NksVh cgw us /khjs ls dgk&^firk th!vkt nw/k okyk ugha vk;sxk] gyokbZ dh nqdkuls nw/k ys vkvksA*

cgw ls eSa dqN dgw¡ fd mlls igysgh og iqu% cksyh& ^cPps Hkh Ldwy tkus gSavkSj vkids fy;s Hkh pk; cukuh gSA*

vc ifjokj ds dke esa eSa gkFk dSlsu caVkÅ¡] yksx rks u tkus dgk¡&dgk¡ gkFkvkSj tsc caVkrs gSaA lsprk gqvk eSa fudy x;kgyokbZ dh nqdku ds fy;sA vHkh ?kj ls dneckgj fudkyk gh Fkk fd eqgYys dk ,d ukStokuNksVu fn[kk;h fn;kA og Hkkxk gqvk esjh vksjgh vk jgk FkkA esjs utnhd vkrs gh] m[kM+hgqbZ lkalksa dks fcuk fu;af=r fd;s] mlus dgk&^pkpk th! vki ?kj pfy;s] firk th dhgkyr cgqr [kjkc gSA*

NksVu dh ckr lqudj eSa fcuk lkspsgq, mlds ihNs&ihNs nkSM+ iM+kA njvlyNksVu ds firkth yksVu flag dks eSa viukcM+k HkkbZ ekurk gw¡A ge nksuks ,d nwljs dsnq%[k&lq[k esa dke vkrs jgs gSaA ,sls esa esjsfy;s ,d iy dh Hkh nsjh djuk equkflc ughaFkkA ogk¡ igq¡pk rks yksVu cqjh rjg ls [kkaljgk FkkA eSaus igqprs gh iwNk& ^D;k ckr gSyksVu HkkbZ] brus ijs'kku D;ksa gaS\*

yksVu us [ka+klh ij fu;a=.k ikusdh ukdke dksf'k'k djrs gq, dgk& ^HkkbZ

yxrk gS] vkt rks ;s [kk¡lh tku gh ys ysxhAdEc[+r egaxkbZ dh rjg c<+rh gh tk jgh gSA

yksVu HkkbZ! ,slk u dgks] pyksMkWDVj ds ;gka pyrs gSa] Bhd gks tkvksxsA*eSaus mls fnyklk nsrs gq, dgkA

&ugha HkkbZ! vc rks cl] [kkalrs gq,gh ne fudysxkA* mlus fujk'k gksdj dgkrks eSa Hkh ?kcjk x;kA eSaus mlls iwNk& ^rqe,slk D;ksa dg jgs gks\ nokbZ yksxs rks Bhd gkstkvksxsA*

&yksVu dh vka[kksa ls fdlh >jusdh Hkk¡fr vJq/kkjk QwV iM+hA oks jksrs gq,cksyk& êsjs ikl iSlk ugha gS HkkbZ! nokbZ rksiSls ls gh vkuh gSA*

yksVu ds nq[k dk dkj.k esjh le>esa vk x;k FkkA eSaus fdlh rjg mls laHkkykvkSj MkWDVj ds fDyfud rd ys x;kA nokbZfnykbZ rks vkjke Hkh gqvkA eSaus viuh tsc lsilZ fudkydj mldh nokbZ dk fglkc pqdrkfd;kA

yksVu dks nokbZ fnykus ds ckneq>s ;kn vk;k fd cgw us nw/k eaxk;k gSAvuk;kl gh vutkus Mj ls Hk;Hkhr gks mBkAMj bl ckr dk ugha Fkk fd cgw eq>s Hkykcqjkdgsxh] cfYd Mj ;g Fkk fd esjk iksrk fcuknw/k fi;s Ldwy ugha tk;sxkA vthc gkyr Fkh]esjh---A esjs dne gyokbZ dh nqdku dh vksjc<+ x;sA eSaus mlls nw/k ekaxk rks mlus eqLdqjkrsgq, dgk& ^dgka Fks vkt\ nw/k rks vkidh cgwys x;hA*

vc D;k dgwa\ u dqN dgrs cujgk Fkk vkSj u gh djrsA ?kj tkuk etcwjh Fkhexj vkt chl dne dh nwjh Hkh chl dksllh yx jgh FkhA [kSj fdlh ckyd dh rjgx+yrh djus ds ckn Mjrk gqvk ?kj dh vksjtk gh jgk Fkk fd rHkh NksVu fQj vk x;kAmls ns[kdj eSa MjkA esjs eqag ls vuk;kl ghfudyk& Hkxoku djs dqN cqjk uk gqvk gksA*NksVu us ikl vkdj vkxzgiwoZd dgk & pkpkth lkS #i;s vkSj ns nks] firk th ds fy;s dqN

[kkus dh phtsa ys vkÅ¡xkA*eSaus Hkh ml Åij okys dk 'kqØ

euk;k] ftls dHkh fdlh us ugha ns[kk] vkSjviuh tsc ls vfUre cps lkS ds uksV dks ,slsns fn;k] tSls eSa Hkh ml uksV ls ihNk NqM+kukpkgrk FkkA

eSa ?kj igq¡pk rks NksVh cgw lkeusFkhA eSa mls ?kVukØe crkrs gq, lQkbZ nsukpkgrk Fkk] exj cgw Fkh fd oks esjh ckr lquusds fy;s ogka #dh gh ughaA mldk ;g O;ogkjeq>s vUnj rd daidaik x;kA eka gksrh rksvkapy ls fyiVdj ckr crk nsrk vkSj eukysrkA iRuh gksrh rks mls le>kus esa vf/kdnsj yxuh gh ugha Fkh vkSj csVh rks cspkjh]dHkh ukjkt+ gksrh gh ughaA exj ;g cgw gSAD;k dgw¡ blls\ dqN Hkh rks ugha dg ldkAvU;euLd gks cSBd esa igq¡pkA cSBd esa dnej[krs gh ,sls mNyk fd tSls lSdM+ksa dkysukx us ,d lkFk Mad ekjk gksA cSBd esaxjhck flag cSBs FksA mUgksaus eq>s ns[krs ghdgk& eSa vkt nks fnu igys gh vk x;k HkkbZ]njvly eq>s Hkh t:jr vk iM+h gSA*

esjh #g rd dk¡i mBhA bruk rkseSa dHkh ekSr ls Hkh ugha Mjk] ftruk vktxjhck flag ls Mj jgk FkkA njvly gqvk ;gfd lqcg gh rks cgw us eq>s rhu lkS #i;sxjhck flag dk C;kt vnk djus ds fy;s fn;sFks] tks yksVu dh HksaV p< x;sA vc lksp jgkgwa fd blls rks yksVu ds ejus dh gh [kcjesjs dkuksa esa vkrh] de ls de esjs rhu lkS rkscp tkrsA

mQ~Q D;k lksp jgk gwa eSa\ ejtkrk rks cspkjs ds dQ+u dk bUrtke Hkh rkseq>s gh djuk iM+rk] rc rks vkSj Hkh vf/kd[kpZ gksrkA xjhck flag ls fQj C;kt ij jdemBkuh iM+rh] [ksr rks igys gh mlds ukedj pqdk g¡w] vc ?kj Hkh mlds uke djukiM+rkA ,d ckj fQj eSa cM+cM+k mBk &^gsHkxoku lyker j[kuk yksVu dksA vPNk gkstk;sxk rks esjs rhu lkS Hkh fey tk;saxsA*

fnekx+ Hkh D;k pht+ gS \ dgha dkdgha igq¡p tkrk gSA vHkh eSa viuh lkspksa lsckgj vk;k Hkh ugha Fkk] fd xjhck flag us iqu%dgk& ykvks ;kj vc tYnh djks] cgw rks rqEgsans gh pqdh gSA cM+h Hkyh cgw ik;h gS rqeusA*

eSa Fkk fd dHkh ?kj dh pkS[kV dhvksj rks dHkh xjhck flag dh vksj ns[k jgk Fkk]exj efLr"d esa yksVu gh clk Fkk ftlusviuh xkjaVh ij xjhck flag ls eq>s C;kt ijjde fnyk;h FkhA

ds-,l-rwQ +kuHkusM+k


vklikl ds lHkh yksx mls xqykcksads ckn'kkg ds :i esa gh tkurs FksA mldkvly uke D;k gS\ vc rks Lo;a mls HkhLej.k ugha jgkA eqf'dy ls rhu o"kZ dk jgkgksxk] tc mlds ek¡&cki us mlls lnk dsfy, fonk ys yh FkhA bl Hkjh nqfu;k esa ogfurkUr vdsyk FkkA mldh mez yxHkx iSalBo”kZ gks pqdh gSA fookg ds vusd çLrkoksa dsckotwn mlus dqaokjk gh jguk mfpr le>kAeu yxkus ds fy, mlds ikl cM+k lk xqykcksadk cxhpk gSA dgk tkrk gS fd tc mldsekrk&firk us mlls fonk yh Fkh] rc ogblh cxhps esa FkkA ;g cxhpk ml oä mruk[kwclwjr ugha Fkk] ftruk fd vkt gSA rcO;kf/k;ka Hkh vf/kd Fkha vkSj mlds ekrk&firkbl cxhps dh ns[kHkky Hkh mfpr çdkj lsugha dj lds FksA iM+ksfl;ksa ds tkuoj blcxhps esa vkrsA tgk¡ vPNk yxrk eq¡g ekjrsvkSj tgk¡ eu djrk xkscj djrs vkSj fQjpys tkrsA gn rks ;s gks x;h fd ckn esa ,dnks lkaMksa us bl lqUnj cxhps dks viukvkfl;kuk gh cuk fy;kA xqykcksa ds ckn'kkgds ekrk&firk bu lkaMksa ls ejrs ne rdvius cxhps dks vktkn ugha djk ldsA vktxqykck s a dk ckn'kkg viu s cxhps dk slkQ&lqFkjk j[krk gSA D;k etky ,d HkhiM+kslh tkuoj mlds cxhps esa ?kql vk,Amlds cxhps esa vkt rjg&rjg ds xqykc gSa]tks nwj rd viuh [kq'kcw fc[ksjrs gSaA xqykcksadk ckn'kkg dgrk gS& ßeSa vius cxhps esafdlh dks ?kqlus ugha nsrk] vkSj esjs xqykcksa dh[kq'kcw dks dksbZ jksd ugha ikrkAÞ

;g dgrs gq, og dHkh&dHkh xEHkhjHkh tkrk gSA Lefr esa [kks;k og dgrk gS&^êsjs ek¡&cki ds tkus ds ckn ;gk¡ cgqr yksxksaesa vkilh >xM+s gq,A dksbZ bl cxhps esa vius?kj dk dwM+k Mkyuk pkgrk Fkk] rks dksbZmiys ikFkus ds fy, iFkokjk gh cukuk pkgrkFkkA lc vius&vius rjhds ls dCtkus dkç;kl dj jgs FksA** crkrs&crkrs og ,dk,deqLdjk mBrk gSA og vius vki ls lokydjrk gS &^îjUrq gqvk D;k\** fQj vius vkigh tokc Hkh nsrk gS& ^^cckZn gks x;s lcAvkilh >xM+ksa esa dbZ ekjs x;s] tks cps oksvnkyrksa ds pDdj yxk jgs gSaA**

xqykcksa dk ;g ckn'kkg vkils ckrsa

xqykcksa dk ckn”kkgdgkuh

djrs&djrs vpkud mBrk gS vkSj tc okfilvkrk gS rks mlds gkFk esa xqykc dh nks pkjia[kqfM+;k¡ vkSj iÙkksa ds flok dqN ugha gksrkAvki mlls ç'u Hkh ugha dj ik,axs fd ogLo;a gh mÙkj ns nsrk gS& ßcqjk ugha ekfu;slkgc] eSa ykijokg ugha gw¡ vkSj u gh eq>svius cxhps esa fdlh çdkj dh xUnxh ghilUn gSAÞ

xqykcksa dk ;g ckn'kkg cM+k ghfofp= tho gSA og xqykcksa dh dVkbZ&NaVkbZugha djrk vkSj ,d iÙks dks Hkh tehu ijugha fxjs jgus nsrkA iÙkksa vkSj ia[kqfM+;ksa dksog ,d xïs esa Mkyrk tkrk gSA ftlesa ;siÙks vkSj ia[kqfM+;k¡ lM+dj [kkn cu tkrh gSaAog crkrk gS& ßcxhps esa tks iÙks vkSj ia[kqfM+;kacsdkj gks tkrh gSa] eSa muls Hkh dke ysrk gw¡AÞ

xqykcksa ds bl ckn'kkg dh fofp=rkrks nsf[k, fd blds 'kjhj dk ,d Hkh fgLlk,slk ugha gS] tgk¡ dksbZ fu'kku u gksA gjrjQ ls dVk&QVkA vHkh Hkh dbZ vaxks ls[kwu Vid jgk gSA og /kjrh ls dqN feêhmBkrk gS vkSj [kwu fudyus okyh txgksa ijeyrs gq, eqLdqjkrk gSA ßD;k crkÅ¡ lkgc\Þtxg&txg dkaVs pqHk tkrs gSaA** crkrs gq,og xEHkhj gks tkrk gS vkSj iwNrk gS& ßvkidksrks ;gk¡ ds dkaVs ugha pqHks lkgc\Þ

vki tokc Hkh ugha ns ikrs fdmlls igys gh og cksy mBsxk& vki ;gk¡dh [kq'kcw yhft, tukc] ;gk¡ ds dkaVs vkidksugha pqHksaxsA**

xqykc dk Qwy gksrk gh I;kjk gSAmls ns[kdj Hkyk fdldk th ugha yypkrkAcgqr ls O;fä gksrs gSa] tks xqykc ds rkts Qwydks vius dksV esa yxkus dks viuh 'kku le>rs

gSaA cgqr lh ;kSouk,a gksrh gSa] tks xqykc dsQwy dks vius ds'kksa esa yxkdj çQqfYyr gksmBrh gSaA cPpksa dks ugha irk xqykc D;k gksrkgS] exj mUgsa Hkh xqykc dk Qwy lcls vf/kdfç; gksrk gSA vkt dy rks gky ;s gS fd gjdksbZ xqykc lk fn[kus ds fy, C;wfVikyZj ds/ka/ks esa pkj pk¡n yxk jgk gSA ;gk¡ rd fdlkjk lalkj xqykch gks tkus dks rRij gSA

bl xqykch cxhps dks ns[kdj tksvkuUn vkrk gSA og vf}rh; gSA ckgjh yksxbl cxhps dh rqyuk esa vusdksa cxhps yxkjgs gSaA ;gk¡ rd fd [kwclwjr jkr dks xqykchjkr vkSj [kwclwjr ekSle dks xqykch ekSleHkh dgk tkus yxk gSA vaxzstksa us bldh[kwclwjrh dks ns[krs gq, ^fiad* 'kCn fn;k gSAfiad ukbV] fiad dyj] fiad oYMZ vkSj utkus D;k&D;k\

xqykcksa ds ckn'kkg ds blh cxhpsesa fofHkUu çdkj ds xqykc gSaA xqykcksa dkckn'kkg ckrksa&ckrksa esa crkrk gS& ^bl cxhpsdk gj xqykc vkidks ,d ls c<+dj ,dyxsxkA exj---A** dgrs&dgrs xqykcksa dsckn'kkg dh tqcku yM+[kM+kus yxrh gSA ogpUn iyksa ds ckn fu;af=r gks tkrk gS vkSjfQj fdlh Hk;kud nnZ dks fNikrs gq, eqLdqjkusdk ç;kl djrk gqvk dgrk gS& ßBhd gS]vc vki tkb;s] eq>s cgqr dke djus gSaAÞ

eSa bl cxhps esa ?kwedj xqykcksa dksns[kuk pkgrk gw¡A ;g ckr dgrs gh ogtedj [kM+k gks tkrk gS vkSj –<+rk ds lkFkdgrk gS& ßcl nwj ls gh ns[kuk] dksbZ esjsxqykcksa dks Nwdj ns[ks] ;s eSa lgu ugha djikÅaxkAÞ

ßth vPNk eSa nwj ls gh ns[kwaxkAÞlgerh ds lkFk gh og Hkh viuh lgefr ns

xqykcksa ds ckn'kkg ds ekrk&firk bu lkaMksa ls ejrs ne rd viuscxhps dks vktkn ugha djk ldsA vkt xqykcksa dk ckn'kkg vius cxhps dkslkQ&lqFkjk j[krk gSA D;k etky ,d Hkh iM+kslh tkuoj mlds cxhps esa?kql vk,A mlds cxhps esa vkt rjg&rjg ds xqykc gSa] tks nwj rd viuh[kq'kcw fc[ksjrs gSaA xqykcksa dk ckn'kkg dgrk gS& ßeSa vius cxhps esa fdlhdks ?kqlus ugha nsrk] vkSj esjs xqykcksa dh [kq'kcw dks dksbZ jksd ugha ikrkAÞ


nsrk gSAvc vki mlds lkFk mlds [kwclwjr

cxhps esa ?kwe jgs gSaA og ftl iFk ij pyjgk gS mls jktiFk dgrk gSA og crkrk gS];gk¡ dk gj iFk esjs jktegy rd tkrk gSAxqykcksa dk ckn'kkg cxhps ds chpks&chp rd>ksiM+h esa jgrk gS] ftls og viuk jktegydgrk gSA

og vius xqykcksa dh rkjhQ djrsgq, Fkdrk ughaA mlds bl cxhps esa lEiw.kZHkkjr esa ik;s tkus okys xqykc ekStwn gSaA vHkhfiNys fnuksa mlus ,d xqykc fons'k ls Hkheaxok;k gSA blds ckjs esa og dgrk gS& êsjk;g xqykc bruk lksg.kk gS fd lHkh ds eudks eksg ysrk gSA**

,d vkSj xqykc dh vksj b'kkjkdjrs gq, og crkrk gS& ^^;g xqykc ns[kks]eksVk gS exj bldh ek;k fujkyh gSA tks Hkhbls ,d ckj ns[k ys] oks bls ckj ckj ns[kukilan djrk gSA blh ds cjkcj esa ,d vkSjuje&eqyk;elk xqykc fn[k jgk gS] exj ;gmruk eqyk;e Hkh ugha gS] ftruk fd ns[kus esayxrk gSA vkSj mlls vkxs oks ihNs okyk]

ns[kks] ml xqykc dh lnk t;&t; gksrh gS]vkSj mlds ck;s] oks lQsn okyk xqykc cM+kgh eerke;h gSA

og vius xqykcksa dh rkjhQsa djrktkrk gS vkSj ns[kus okyk gSjr ls ns[krk gSAog çlUufpÙk gks dgrk gS&^ôg ns[k jgs gSavki] dkyk xqykc] eSa mldh tM+ esa çfrfnuekaM Mkyrk gw¡A mldk o{k cM+k gSA brukcM+k fd mlds uhps nks&pkj ckyd Hkh vkjkels [ksy ldrs gSaA vkSj mlh ds cjkcj esa ogyEck lk xqykc] bls eSa jktk dgrk gw¡A ;gfdlh eksckby Vkoj dh rjg yEck yxrkgSA jktk ds ihNs okyk xqykc cM+k I;kjk gSA;g cM+k lq[k nsrk gSA bruk lq[k tks jkejktesa gh feyk gks ldrk gSA

,dk,d xqykcksa dk ckn'kkg ihNseqM+rk gS vkSj ,d ikS/ks dh vksj b'kkjk djrsgq, dgrk gS&^^;g xqykc deky dk gS] dgktkrk gS fd ;s fnxfnxUrj fot;h gSA** crkrsgq, og viuh >kSaiM+h dh vksj c<+rk gSA tgk¡vusdksa NksVs&NksVs xqykcksa ds ikS/ks mx jgs FksAftUgsa ns[kdj xqykcksa dk ckn'kkg xoZ dslkFk dgrk gS&^^;s esjs cxhps dk Hkfo"; gSaA**

ckr djrs gq, og >kSaiM+h esa ?kqltkrk gSA ckgj ls [kwclwjr yxus okyh >kSaiM+hvUnj ls cM+h gh vLrO;Lr yx jgh FkhAlHkh lkeku nk;s&ck;s fc[kjk iM+k FkkA çrhrgks jgk Fkk fd ;gk¡ dksbZ naxk&Qlkn gqvkgSA xqykcksa dk ckn'kkg eqLdqjkrk gqvk crkrkgS&^^;gh esjk egy gS] tgk¡ cSBdj eSa viuscxhps dks laokjus dh ;kstuk,a cukrk gw¡A**

vki xqykcksa ds ckn'kkg dh ckrsalqudj vk'p;Z esa iM+ ldrs gSaA dHkh ogvke vkneh utj vkrk gS vkSj dHkh cM+knk'kfuZdA

>kSaiM+h dh fo'ks"krk crkrs&crkrsxqykcksa ds ckn”kkg ds gyd ls ph[k fudyiM+rh gS vkSj og ogha tehu ij cSB tkrk gSAmlds nksuks gkFk vius nk;s iSj ds ryos dhvksj c<+rs gSaA mlds ryos esa ,d dkaVk pqHkkFkkA dkaVk cM+k gh dlSyk FkkA og ml dkaVsdks fudkyrk gS vkSj ,d rjQ Qsad nsrk gSAml LFkku ij dkaVks dk <sj gSA og iqu%eqLdqjkus dk ç;Ru djrs gq, dgrk gS&^^vkirks xqykcksa dh [kq'kcw yhft;s lkgc! dkaVs bl>kSaiM+h dks eqckjdA** & veu dqekj R;kxh

vis{kkrqe e>s [kwu nks&

eSa rqEgsa vktknh nwaxk]

dk mn~?kks"k vkt

cny x;k gS]A

yksdrU= esa [kqysvke&

f/kDdkj ,oa Fkw&Fkw gks jgh gS]

cspkjk ernkrk@viuh fu;fr ns[k

flgj jgk gS]

rqe gesa oksV nks&

ge rqEgkjk [kwu fi;saxs]

dh Hkkouk fy;s]

oksVksa ds [kwa[kokj f'kdkjh

O;Lr gSa] ?kkr yxkus esa

vkSj ^lR;Ek* ds ^vlR;*&

lkeus gSa]

rFkkdfFkr cqf)thfo dk fparu]

Hkw[kk fcyfcyk jgk gS]

csfld f'k{kk iksfy;ks xzLr gS

,oa mPp f'k{kk&

ykyk dh frtksfj;ksa esa

'kh"kkZlu dj jgh gS

f'k{k.k lLaFkku@

O;olkf;d ifjlj esa&

cny pqds gSa&

eapksa ls e/kqj Loj esa

xquxquk;s tkrs 'kCn]

dfork eku fy;s tkrs gSa

tcfd ^dfork*

xkao ds th.kZ&{kh.kZ fo|ky; esa

feM&Ms&ehy viuh Fkkyh esa latks;s

nfy;s vkSj f[kpM+h esa frjrs

dhMs chu jgh gS]

vkSj ;g dhM+s@lkjh O;oLFkk esa

fxtfctk jgs gS

lfB;k;s yksdrU= dh ;g&

miyfC/k&]

xoZ dk fo"k; gS@vFkok 'keZ dk

blesa my>h

usrkth lqHkk"k dh Hkkouk

dk phRdkj] cgjs gks pqds dkuksa rd

;fn lqukbZ ns ldk&

rks vkt dk fnu lkFkZd gksxk]

vU;Fkk@dfork rks

iwoZä Hkw[kh gh lks tk;sxh

viuh fujk'kk ds lkFk

& HkksykukFk R;kxh

fctukSj

HkksykukFk R;kxh dh ,d dfork


x+t+y dk uk;d nq";ar dqekjnq";Ur dqekj dk tUe mÙkj izns'k esa tuin fctukSj ds xzke jktiqj uoknk ds

tehankj ifjokj esa 1 flrEcj 1933 dks gqvk FkkA vkidh ekrk th dk uke Jherh jke fd'kksjhnsoh ,oa firk dk uke pkS/kjh Hkxor lgk; FkkA

dfo dh izkjfEHkd f'k{kk xk¡o dh gh ikB'kkyk esa gqbZA 1948 esa dfo us ,l-,u-,l-,e- gkbZ Ldwy ugVkSj tuin fctukSj ls nloha d{kk ikl dj 1950 esa pankSlh] eqjknkckn ds,l-,e- dkWyst ls b.VjfefM,V fd;kA 1950&54 rd dfo us bykgkckn fo'ofo|ky; dkNk= jgrs gq, ch-,- vkSj fgUnh lkfgR; ls ,e-,- fd;kA 1957&58 esa dfo us eqjknkckn ls ch-,M- fd;kA

pUnkSlh esa 30 uoacj 1949 dks jkts'ojh dkSf'kd ls dfo dk fookg lEiUu gqvkAdfo us loZ izFke tuin fctukSj ds dLck fdjriqj esas ukSdjh dhA dfo us ;gk¡ ,d

fo|ky; esa v/;kidh dhA ;gk¡ v/;kidh djus ds ckn gh eqjknkckn ls ch-,M- fd;kArRi'pkr vkdk'kok.kh fnYyh ds fgUnh okrkZ&foHkkx esa fLØIV jkbVj ds :i esa dk;Z fd;kA1960 ds vafre fnuksa esa dfo LFkkukUrj.k ikdj Hkksiky igq¡psA dfo us e/; izns'k ds laLdrlapkyuky; ds vUrxZr Hkk"kk&foHkkx ds lgk;d lapkyd in ij fu;qfDr ik;hA dfo us dqNle; ds fy;s vkfne tkfr tudY;k.k foHkkx dh izfruf;qfDr;ksa ds vfrfjDr 'ks"k le; 30fnlacj 1975 rd blh Hkk"kk&foHkkx esa fcrk;kA

O;fDrxr :i esa eSa bu vfHkuanuksads f[k+ykQ+ gw¡A ,d rks blfy, fd ys[kddks viuh ihB ij Hkjld dksbZ ,slk vglklugha yknuk pkfg, tks mldh Lora=rk esack/kd cus] vkSj nwljs blfy, fd bllsys[kd dks ,d oxZ ds :i esa nwljs oxksZaij rjthg feyrh gS tks fd ,d x+yrckr gSA vkf[k+j D;ksa 'kklu ml DydZ dkvfHkuanu u djs ftlus vius thou dsrhl vewY; o"kZ cM+h fu"BkiwoZd mu Qkbyksaesa >kSad fn, ftuls dksbZ ikfjokfjd fj'rkugha FkkA blh izdkj lqukj] c<+bZ] eksph]et+nwj vkSj esgrj] gjsd dh viuh ,degÙoiw.k lkekftd Hkwfedk gSA vkf[k+jmudk vfHkuanu D;ksa ugha gksrk\

fQj ys[kd esa ,sls dkSu&ls lq[+kkZcds ij yxs gSa fd vke vkneh ls vyx gS\D;ksa og 'kkldh; vkSj lkoZtfud lEekudh dYiuk djrk gS\ D;ksa og jkT;ikyksa;k eaf=;ksa dh ifjp; ifjf/k esa vkuk pkgrkgS\ ¼eSaus rks fdlh jkT;iky dks fdlhys[kd ds lkfUu/; dh bPNk djrs gq,ugha ns[kk½ D;ksa og pkgrk gS fd lÙkk/kkjhmldh ys[kuh ls ifjfpr gksa vkSj mllslkekU; yksxksa dh vis{kk fHkUu izdkj dkO;ogkj djsa\ vkf[kj ys[kd Hkh rks rks

izksQs+lj] odhy] fp=dkj vkSj ewfrZdkj vkfndh rjg gh ,d oxZ gS vkSj bl O;kolkf;d;qx esa mUgha dh rjg vius <ax ls viukisV ikyrk gSA vycÙkk mls ;g vfrfjDrlqfo/kk t+:j izkIr gS fd og vius FkksFksvkSj ?kfV;k ls ?kfV;k vge~ dks Hkh 'kkunkjvfHkO;fDr ns ldrk gSA fiVdj vkus dsckn og tks'khyh dfork,¡ fy[k ldrk gS;k vius ikS:"k vkSj cy dk c[kku djldrk gSA loZ= mis{kk lgdj Hkh ogf'keyk le>kSrs esa esjk fouez ;ksxnku*tSlk fuca/k fy[k ldrk gS ;k Mkdqvksa dsleiZ.k dk Js; viuh dYiuk esa ywVldrk gSA og ,d ys[k esa nl ckj viukuke B¡wl ldrk gS vkSj ml cfu, dh[+kcj Hkh ys ldrk gS tks mlds ?kj jkst+iSlksa dk rdkt+k djus vkrk gSA

vki ys[kd ds ukrs vius eSa* dks>qu>qus dh rjg ctkrs gSa] fe=ksa dh iz'kalkvkSj 'k=qvksa dh fuank djrs gSa] lkfgR; dsuke ij fny dh HkM+kl fudkyrs gSa] fe=ksadh iz'kalk vkSj 'k=qvksa dh fuank djrs gSa]lkfgR; ds uke ij fny dh HkM+kl fudkyrsgSa vkS ;g Hkh vk'kk djrs gSa fd nqfu;kavkidks iwts] yksx vkidks pkgsa] 'kklu vkidksekU;rk nsA

vfHkuUnu ds fojks/kh Fks nq";Ur

lkfgR; ltudfo us ugVkSj esa f'k{kk izkfIr ds

le; gh jpuk/kfeZrk dk fuokZg izkjEHk djfn;k FkkA ;gk¡ dfo us fof/kor dfork&ys[ku]dfork dh ik.Mqfyfi rS;kj dj pankSlh esaf'k{kk ds nkSjku vafre :i fn;kA leiZ.k FkkNk;koknh dfo lqfe=kuanu iar dksA dfo usiar dks nzks.kkpk;Z vkSj Lo;a dks ,dyO; ekukAdfo us viuk mi uke îjns'kh* j[kkA fookgds le; fueU=.k&i= ij Hkh nq";Ur dqekjR;kxh îjns'kh* Niok;k x;kA

tc dfo mPp f'k{kk ds fy;sbykgkckn igq¡ps rc ogk¡ mUgsa deys'oj vkSjekdZ.Ms; tSls vfHkUu fe= feysA frdM+h cuhrks f='kwy* uke ls izflf) izkIr gksrs nsj ughayxhA ;gha ls rhuksa us feydj ekfld if=dk^fogku* dk izdk'ku izkjEHk fd;kAd`frRo

nq";Ur dqekj ds ys[ku dk izkjEHk1945 ls gh gks x;k FkkA izkjEHk dfork lsfd;k vkSj ckn esa dgkuh Hkh fy[kus yxsAizkjEHk esa dfo&lEesyuksa ds fy;s eaph; dfork,afy[kha ijUrq 'kh?kz gh lkfgfR;d xhrksa vkSjdHkh&dHkh x+t+y dh jpuk Hkh djus yxsA1949 esa dforkvksa dh ik.Mqfyfi rS;kj gksx;h FkhA 1954&55 esa gSnjkckn ls izdkf'krdYiuk if=dk ¼tuojh 1955½ esa ubZ dgkuh% ijEijk vkSj iz;ksx* 'kh"kZd ,sfrgkfldvkykspuk dk izdk'ku gqvkA 1956&57 esa lw;Zdk Lokxr* uked 'kh"kZd ls dforkvksa dklap;u vkSj izdk'ku gqvkA blls igys vusdi=&if=dkvksa&izrhd] fud"k] ladsr] ubZ dforkvkfn esa izdk'ku gks pqdk FkkA ^vkoktksa+ ds?ksjs* ¼dfork laxzg½ 1963 esa izdkf'kr gqbZA1964 esa ^,d d.B fo"kik;h* ¼dkO;&ukVd½izdkf'kr gqvkA ^NksVs&NksVs loky* 1964 esavkSj ^vkaxu esa ,d o{k* 1970 esa 'kh"kZd lsmiU;kl izdkf'kr gq,A 1973 esa dforkvksa dkrhljk laxzg tyrs gq, ou dk olUr* 'kh"kZdls izdkf'kr gqvkA vfUre fdUrq lokZf/kdyksdfiz;rk izkIr djus okyh dfr ^lk;s esaèkwi* jghA 1975 esa ,sfrgkfld x+t+y laxzg^lk;s esa /kwi* uke ls izdkf'kr fd;k x;kA

uksV& nq";Ur dqekj ij ,d= dh x;h lkexzh ds fy;s ge if=dk ôrZeku lkfgR;*] vUrtkZyo mu lHkh yksxksa dk vkHkkj izdV djrs gSa ftuds dkj.k izLrqr tkudkjh miyC/k gks ldh gSA

Lefr


Hkwfedk Hkkx esa nq";Ur Lohdkjrss gSa& eSa Lohdkjdjrk gw¡ & fd x+t+yksa dks Hkwfedk dh t:jrugha gksuh pkfg,] ysfdu ,d dSfQ+;r budhHkk"kk ds ckjs esa t:jh gSA dqN mnwZ&nk¡ nksLrksaus dqN mnwZ 'kCnksa ds iz;ksx ij ,rjkt fd;kgSA mudk dguk gS fd 'kCn ß'kgjÞ ugha 'kà*gksrk gS] ôt+u* ugha ôT+u* gksrk gSA

& fd eSa mnwZ ugha tkurk ysfdubu 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx ;gk¡ vKkurko'k ugha]tkucw>dj fd;k x;k gSA ;g dksbZ eqf'dydke ugha Fkk fd ^'kgj* dh txg ûxj*fy[kdj bl nks"k ls eqfä ik yw¡] fdUrq eSausmnwZ 'kCnksa dks ml :i esa bLrseky fd;k gS]ftl :i esa esa os fgUnh esa ?kqy fey x, gSaAmnwZ dk ^'kgu* fgUnh esa ^'kgj* fy[kk vkSjcksyk tkrk gS( Bhd mlh rjg tSls fgUnh dk^czkã.k* mnwZ esa ^fcjgeu* gks x;k gS vkSj^_rq* ^#r* gks xbZ gSA

& fd mnwZ vkSj fgUnh vius&viusflagklu ls mrjdj tc vke vkneh ds iklvkrh gSa rks muesa Q+dZ dj ikuk cM+k eqf'dygksrk gSA esjh uh;r vkSj dksf'k'k ;g jgh gSfd bu nksuksa Hkk"kkvksa dks T+;knk ls T+;knkdjhc yk ldw¡A blfy, ;s x+t+ysa ml Hkk"kk esadgh xbZ gSa] ftl eSa cksyrk gw¡A

& fd x+t+y fd fo/kk ,d cgqriqjkuh] fdUrq l'kä fo/kk gS] ftlesa cM+s&cM+smnwZ egkjfFk;ksa us dkO;&jpuk dh gSA fgUnhesa Hkh egkdfo fujkyk ls ysdj vkt dsxhrdkjksa vkSj u, dfo;ksa rd vusd dfo;ksaus bl foèkk dks vktek;k gSA ijUrq viuh

lkeF;Z vkSj lhekvksa dks tkuus ds ckotwnbl foèkk esa mrjrs gq, eq>s vkt Hkh ladksprks gS] ij mruk ugha ftruk gksuk pkfg, FkkA'kk;n bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd i=&if=dkvksaesa bl laxzg dh dqN x+t+ysa i<+dj vkSj lqudjfofHké oknksa] :fp;ksa vkSj oxksZa dh ltu'khyizfrHkkvksa us vius i=ksa eUrO;ksa ,oa fVIif.k;ksals eq>s ,d lq[kn vkRe&fo'okl fn;k gSAbl ukrs eSa mu lcdk vR;Ur vkHkkjh gw¡A

&----- vkSj deys'oj! og blvQ+lkusa esa u gksrk rks ;s flyflyk 'kk;n;gk¡ rd u vk ikrkA eSa rks&gkFkksa esa vaxkjksa dks fy;s lksp jgk Fkk]dksbZ eq>s vaxkjksa dh rklhj crk,A

fgUnh esa vk/kqfud x+t+y dk lclsvf/kd egÙoiw.kZ uke nq";Ur gh gSA ;g lghgS] nq";Ur ds ckn fgUnh&x+t+y dkQ+h vkxsc<+h] dyk vkSj vfHkO;fDr nksuksa Lrjksa ijbldk mYys[kuh; fodkl gqvk] fdUrq tks[;kfr ,oa yksdfiz;rk nq";Ur dks izkIr gqbZ]og rks vf}fr; gh gSA fgUnh esa x+t+ydkjksa usvPNs ls vPNk fy[kus dk iz;kl fd;k] fdarqdksbZ Hkh nq";Urdks Nw ugha ldk gSA lp ;ghgS fd nq";Ur igys ,sls x+t+ydkj gSa] ftUgksausx+t+y dks fgUnh esa LFkkfir djus dk lQyiz;kl fd;kA bl izdkj dgk tk ldrk gSfgd x+t+y dh yksdfiz;rk dk izkjaHk nq";Urus gh fd;kA fgUnh lkfgR; esa vkt x+t+y dhped gSA fujUrj x+t+y&laxzg Ni jgs gSaAi=&if=dkvksa esa x+t+y [kwc ut+j vk jgh gSAdfo&lEesyuksa esa x+t+y us /kwe epk j[kh gSA

^^bl vikj yksdfiz;rk ds ewy dkj.kksa dh[kkst dh tk, rks nq";Ur dk uke vkSj dkevo'; ut+j vk,xkA ysfdu os dkSu&ls dkj.kgSa] ftuds jgrs nq";Ur ,d x+t+ydkj ds :iesa Lo;a dks LFkkfir dj lds vkSj yksdfiz;rkds f'k[kj ij igq¡pdj x+t+y&lezkV dh mikfèkls lEekfur gks ldsA oLrqr% nq";Ur us ,dvksj rks x+t+y dks vius ;qx dh /kM+duksa lstksM+k rks nwljh vksj mls vfHkO;fDr dh oguohurk nh] tks fgUnh ds fy, furkar pkSadknsus okyh FkhA lkfgR; esa vankts+&c;k¡ ;k ckrdgus dh O;fDrxr 'kSyh] vfHkO;fDr dk vuks[kkvkSj fujkyk <ax tks peRdkj dj fn[kkrk gS]og dsoy 'kCnksa ds }kjk laHko ugha gksrkAD;ksafd 'kCn rks izk;% ogh gksrs gSa] ftudkiz;ksx vius&vius <ax ls gj lkfgR;dkjdjrk gS] fdarq d+ye dk /kuh dykdkj bu'kCnksa ds iz;ksx dk ,d u;k vkSj lcls vuks[kkvankt+ xzg.k djrk gS vkSj mu ij viusdykRed O;fDrRo dh xgjh Nki NksM+ tkrkgS vkSj bl izdkj og Lo;a vius&vkidks vkSjvius lkfgR; nksuksa dks vej dj tkrk gSAuohurk 'kCnksa esa ugha] 'kCnksa ds iz;ksx djus ds<ax esa gksrh gS] lksp esa vkSj fopkj esa gksrh gSAnq";Ur ds dkO; esa 'kCnksa ds iz;ksx vkSj lkspnksuksa gh esa vlk/kkj.k uohurk Fkh] blfy,mudh vkokt+ us fgUnh ds fo'kky {ks= esa QSysgq, vufxur ikBdksa dks pkSadk;k vkSj izHkkforfd;kA**

^^;g lgh gS fd fgUnh ds loZizFkeLFkkfir x+t+ydkj nq";Ur dh x+t+yksa esa

nq";Ur dqekj —r ^^lk;s esa /kwi**fgUnh esa vk/kqfud x+t+y dk lcls vf/kd egÙoiw.kZuke nq";Ur gh gSA ;g lgh gS] nq";Ur ds cknfgUnh&x+t+y dkQ+h vkxs c<+h] dyk vkSj vfHkO;fDrnksuksa Lrjksa ij bldk mYys[kuh; fodkl gqvk]fdUrq tks [;kfr ,oa yksdfiz;rk nq";Ur dks izkIrgqbZ] og rks vf}fr; gh gSA fgUnh esa x+t+ydkjksa usvPNs ls vPNk fy[kus dk iz;kl fd;k] fdarq dksbZHkh nq";Urdks Nw ugha ldk gSA lp ;gh gS fdnq";Ur igys ,sls x+t+ydkj gSa] ftUgksaus x+t+ydks fgUnh esa LFkkfir djus dk lQy iz;kl fd;kAbl izdkj dgk tk ldrk gS fgd x+t+y dhyksdfiz;rk dk izkjaHk nq";Ur us gh fd;kA fgUnhlkfgR; esa vkt x+t+y dh ped gSA fujUrjx+t+y&laxzg Ni jgs gSaA i=&if=dkvksa esa x+t+y[kwc ut+j vk jgh gSA


O;kdj.k&lac/kh dqN nks"k vo'; gSa] fQj Hkhnq";Ur ds egÙo vkSj egkurk esa dksbZ dehugha vk ldrhA x+t+y ds izkjfEHkd nkSj esaog u gksrs] dksbZ vkSj gksrk] rc Hkh bl rjgds nks"k dk jg tkuk laHko Fkk] D;ksafd rcrd u rks fgUnhHkk"kh x+t+y dh laLdfr lsiwjh rjg tqM+ ik, Fks] u mUgsa x+t+y dhifjiw.kZ tkudkjh gh FkhA ,slh fLFkfr esa nq";Urus tks dk;Z dj fn[kk;k] og egÙoiw.k gSA;|fi vkt Hkh fgUnh&x+t+ydkjksa dks x+t+ydh fo/kkxr tkudkjh larks"ktud ek=k esaugha gS] fQj Hkh dbZ x+t+ydkj ,sls gSa] ftUgksausx+t+y dks cM+h gn rd le>k gS vkSJ osvPNh x+t+ysa dg jgs gSaA ysfdu izsj.kk dklcls cM+k vkSj lcls igyk lzksr nq";Ur dhvkokt+ vkSj mudk ygtk gh gSA mudsx+t+y&laxzg ^lk;s esa /kwi* ds vc rd fdrusgh laLdj.k Ni pqds gSaA vkt Hkh x+t+y&izsfe;ksadks nq";Ur ds ftrus ^v'kvkj* daBLFk gSa]'kk;n gh fdlh nwljs x+t+ydkj ds gksaA bldkdkj.k gS fd nq";Ur dh vkokt+] muds ygtsvkSj vankt+ esa tks u;kiu rFkk vkd"kZ.k gS]mlesa tks izHkko vkSj rsoj gS] og fdlh vkSj esamruk ugha gSA**

nq";Ur dh lcls cM+h fo'ks"krk ;ggS fd mUgksaus vius le; ds lkekftd ,oajktuhfrd fo"k;ksa dks viuh x+t+y dk fo"k;cuk;kA mUgksaus x+t+y ds Lo:i dks NsM+k ughacfYd mls T;ksa dk R;ksa viuk fy;kA Hkk"kkvkSj fo"k; ij mudk tknw py fudykA nq";Urus ftUk fo"k;ksa dks pquk mUgsa Hkjiwj vfHkO;fDrnhA nq";Ur dh x+t+y ds v'kvkj lkekftd;k jktuhfrd nLrkost+ gh cudj ugha jgscfYd x+t+y dh dykRedrk dk mnkgj.kcu x;sAxw¡xs fudy iM+s gSa] tck¡ dh ryk'k esa]ljdkj ds f[+kykQ ;s lkft+'k rks nsf[k,A

mudh vihy gS fd mUgsa ge ilan djsa]pkdw ls ilfy;ksa dh xqt+kfj'k rks nsf[k,A

Li"V gks tkrk gS fd mDr nksuksa'ksj rRdkyhu jktuhfrd ifjfLFkfr;ksa dhi"BHkwfe esa dgs x, gSaA

bu 'ksjksa dks ns[ksa&og vkneh ugha gS] eqdEey c;ku gS]ekFks is mlds pksV dk xgjk fu'kku gSA

fQlys tks bl txg rks yq<drs pys x,]gedks irkugha Fkk fd bruk <yku gSA

êkFks dh pksV* okys vkneh dksêqdEey c;ku* crkdj nq";Ur us Lo;a dqNu dgrs gq, lc dqN dg fn;k gSA nq";Ur

ekFks dh pksV okys vkneh dh rjQ+ dsoyb'kkjk djrs gSa vkSj mls êqdEey c;ku*crkdj Lo;a nwj tkdj [kM+s gks tkrs gSaA

nwljs 'ksj ls le> esa vk tkrk gSfd Å¡pkb;ksa ij ys tkus dh ckr djus okyksaus fdl izdkj vke vkneh dks ,slh jkg ij /kdsy fn;k gS] tgk¡ ,slk <yku gS fd vkneh[kM+k gks rks vkxs eq¡g ds cy fxj tkus dk[k+rjk fn[kk;h ns tkrk gSA

nq";Ur us c[kwch izrhdksa dks ls viuhckr dgh gSA bu 'ksjksa dks ns[ksa&leqnz vkSj mBk] vkSj mBk] vkSj mBk]fdlh ds okLrs ;s pk¡nuh ccky gqbZA

mUgsa irk Hkh ugha gS fd muds ik¡oksa ls]oks [kw¡ cgk gS fd ;s xnZ Hkh xqyky gqbZA

nksuksa 'ksj x+t+ydkj dh dykdkjhdk vn~Hkqr mnkgj.k gSaA ;gk¡ leqnz vkSj pk¡nuhtSls izrhdksa ls fo'ks"k izdkj dh dykRedrkmRiUu gks xbZ gSA prqnZ'kh dh jkr esa leqnz esaTokj vkrk gS vkSj leqnz mQuus yxrk gSAdfo dgus esa lQy gqvk gS fd vktknh dsckn Hkkjr esa tks jktuhfrd mQku vk;k gSoks Lora=rk ds dkj.k gh vk;k gS A dfo blhLora=rk dks ;gk¡ pkanuh ekurk gSA nwljs 'ksjesa dfo us Hk;adj deky dj fn[kk;k gSAik¡oksa ls cgus okys [kwu us feV~Vh dks Hkhxqyky dk :i ns fn;k gSA ;g ckr nq";Ur usmu ykskxksa ds fy, dgh gS tks fnuHkjesgur&etnwjh dj isV Hkjus dk iz;kl djrsgSaA bl ,d 'ksj us Hkkjrh; x+jhch ds gkykrksaij djkjk izgkj Hkh fd;k gSA

nq";Ur ds fy, gj vkneh dk viuknnZ FkkA mudk ;g 'ksj ns[ksa&vkt esjk lkFk nks] oSls eq>s ekywe gS]iRFkjksa esa ph[+k gjfxt+ dkjxj gksxh ughaA

gkykafd dqN fo}ku bu nksuksaiafDr;ksa esa dky nks"k¼igyh iafDr orZeku vkSjnwljh Hkfo"; esa½ ekurs gSaA feFkdksa dks rksM+ukvkSj dykRedrk ds lkFk vius ckr dgus esanq";Ur dks tSls egkjr gkafly FkhA lqHkk"kpUn cksl dgrs gSa ^rqe eq>s [kwu nks eSa rqEgsavktknh nwaxk*A lqHkk"k tkurs Fks fd [kwu dscnys vktknh vo'; fey tk,sxhA ;gk¡ nq";UrHkh tkurs gSa fd yksx vxj lkFk nsa rks mUgsamuds vf/kdkj fey gh tk,axs fdUrq lkFk ghog ;g Hkh tkurs gSa fd Hkfo"; dks laokjus dsfy, vkt dksbZ Hkh lkFk nsus okyk ugha gSA

nq";Ur ;FkkZFk dks thrs FksA okslkekftd fLFkfr dks fnu c fnu [k+jkc gks rsns[k jgs Fks&gkykrs&ftLe] lwjrs&tk¡ vkSj Hkh [k+jkc]

pkjksa rjQ+ [k+jkc] ;gk¡ vkSj Hkh [+kjkcA;gh ugha oks vkradh xfrfo/k;ksa dks

è;ku esa j[kdj dgrs gSa&lSj ds okLrs lM+dksa is fudy vkrs Fks]vc rks vkdk'k ls iFkjko dk Mj yxrk gSA

tks yksx tkucw>dj csodwQ+ cusjgrs gSa ;k cuus dk ukVd djrs gSaA muyksxksa ds fy, nq";Ur us D;k [kwc dgk gS&esys esa HkVds gksrs rks dksbZ ?kj igq¡pk tkrk]ge ?kjksa esa HkVds gSa] dSls BkSj&fBdkus vk,¡xsA

nq";Ur vk'kkoknh dfo Fks vkSj yksxksadks Hkh vk'kkoknh cuus dh izsj.kk nsrs Fks&flQ+Z gaxkek [kM+k djuk esjk edln ugha]esjh dksf'k'k gS fd ;s lwjr cnyuh pkfg,Aesjs lhus esa ugha rks rsjs lhus esa lgh]gks dgha Hkh vkx] ysfdu vkx tyuh pkfg,A

ns[ksa nq";Ur dh dqN x+t+ysa&dgk¡ rks r; Fkk fpjkxk¡ gjsd ?kj ds fy,]dgk¡ fpjkx+ e;Llj ugha 'kgj ds fy,A;gk¡ nj[+rksa ds lk;s esa /kwi yxrh gS]pyks ;gk¡ ls pysa vkSj mez Hkj ds fy,Au gks deht+ rks ik¡oksa ls isV <¡d ysaxs];s yksx fdrus equkflc gSa] bl lQ+j ds fy,A[kqnk ugha] u lgh] vkneh dk [+okc lgh]dksbZ glhu ut+kjk rks gS ut+j ds fy,Arsjk fut+ke gS fly ns t+qcku 'kk;j dh];s ,gfr;kr t+:jh gS bl cgj ds fy,Aft,¡ rks vius cx+hps esa xqyeksgj ds rys]ejsa rks x+Sj dh xfy;ksa esa xqyeksgj ds fy,A

dSls eatj lkeus vkus yxs gSa]xkkrs&xkrs yksx fpYykus yxs gSaAvc rks bl rkykc dk ikuh cny nks];s d¡oy ds Qwy dqEgykus yxs gSaA,d d+fczLrku esa ?kj fey jgk gS]ftlesa rg[+kkuksa ls rg[+kkus yxs gSaAekSyoh ls M¡V [kkdj vgys ed+rc]fQj mlh vk;r dks nksgjkus yxs gSaA

;s lkjk ftLe >qddj cks> ls nqgjk gqvkgksxk]eSa ltns esa ugha Fkk] vkidks /kks[kk gqvk gksxkA;gk¡ rd vkrs&vkrs lw[k tkrh gSa dbZ ufn;k¡]eq>s ekywe gS ikuh dgk¡ Bgjk gqvk gksxkAx+t+c ;s gS fd viuh ekSr dh vkgV ughalqurs]oks lc&ds&lc ijh'kk¡ gSa ogk¡ ij D;k gqvkgksxkA


,d daB fo"kik;h ¼dkO; ukVd½

nq";Ur dr ,d daB fo"kik;h ,ddkO; ukVd gSA ftlesa orZeku ifjfLFkfr;ksadks cM+h gh ljyrk ds lkFk mdsjk x;k gSAnsoÙo vkSj vkn'kksZa dk ifj/kku vks<+eSus D;k ik;k----\fuokZlu!izs;lh fo;ksx!!gj ijaijk ds ejus dk fo"keq>s feykgj lw=ikr dk Js; ys x;s yksxAeSa Åc pqdk g¡bl efgek&eafMr Ny ls----A

,d daB fo"kik;h dh ;s iafDr;k¡D;k bl ckr dh vksj b'kkjk ugha djrh fdlg jkLrs ij pyus okys vkt ds mu leLryksxksa ds fy,] ftUgsa ix&ix ij oSlh ghvogsyuk >syuh iM+ jgh gS\ D;ksafd vkt rksgj dne ij f'kÙo frjLdr gks jgk gS] U;k;dh vogsyuk gks jgh gSA ;ksX;rk dh iwN ughaAdkfcyksa o muds dSfj;j dh fueZe gR;k gksjgh gSA mUgsa fey jgk gS& fuokZlu o thoudk t+gj vkSj v;ksX;ksa dks vU;k; dkj.kksa lsfey jgk gS&lÙkk] lEeku o lq[k----lc dqNA

tyrs gq, ou dk olUr ¼dkO; laxzg½nq";Ur dqekj vke vkneh ds dfo

FksA rHkh rks mUgksaus iqLrd dh Hkwfedk esa fy[kk&

^;s dfork,¡ blh gn rd esjh gSa fd eSaus bUgsafy[kk vkSj Hkksxk gSA ;fn vkidks buesaigpkuk&lk Loj] vkReh;&lh Hkk"kk vkSjviuh&lh ckr ut+j vk, rks ;g esjh lQyrkgSA* dfo Lohdkj djrk gS fd êsjs ikldforkvksa ds eq[kkSVs ugha gSaA varjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk,¡ugha gSa vkSj vtuch 'kCnksa dk fyckl ugha gSAeSa ,d lk/kkj.k vkneh dh ihM+k] mÙkstuk]ncko] vHkko vkSj mlds laca/kksa ds my>koksadks thrk vkSj O;Dr djrk gw¡A

dfo nq";Ur us fdlh dks pkSadkus;k fdlh peRdkj ds fy, dfork ugha fy[khAdfork dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gq, nq";Ur LohdkjrsgSa&êSa dfork dks pkSadkus ;k vkrafdr djusds fy, bLrseky ugha djrk] xks fd ,slkdjds yksxksa dk /;ku viuh vksj [khapk tkldrk gSA ijarq dfork ls dsoy ;g vis{kk]fdruh de gSA eSa tkurk gw¡ fd vglkl dsvusd Lrjksa dks phjrh gqbZ] O;fDrRo ds Hkhrjnwj rd mrj tkus okyh pht+] dfork gksrhgSA mls bruh NksVh Hkwfedk ugha nh tk ldrhAlekt vkSj O;fDr ds lUnHkZ esa mldk nkf;Ro]blls cgqr cM+k gSA* dfo dgrk gS&^dfork;kruk ls iSnk gksrh gSA*

^tyrs gq, ou dk olar* dfo dhdforkvksa dk rhljk laxzg gSA ftlesa voxkgulfgr dqy 45 dfork,¡ gSaA laxzg dks rhu[k.Mksa esa ckaVk x;k gSA igys [k.M dks dfo usbfrgkl&cks/k uke fn;k gS vkSj ;g [k.M'kkuh ds uke gSA blesa nl dfork,¡ gSa ftuesa

;ksx&la;ksx] ;k=kuqHkwfr]miØe ,d lQ+j ij]ijorhZ&izHkko] 'kxqu&'kadk] lqcg % lekpkj&i=ds le;]vkRekyki]vfLr&cks/k vkSj olar vkx;k 'kkfey dh x;h gSaA

nwljs [k.M dks ns'k&izse dk ukefn;k x;k gSA ;g [k.M lR;su ds uke gSAblesa ns'k&izse] bZ'oj dks lwyh] fpark] ns'k]turk] ekSle] rqyuk] ;q) vkSj ;q)&fojke dschp] ea=h dh eSuk] loky] ,d pquko&ifj.kke]dgk¡ ls 'kq: djsa ;k=k] vkSj xkrs&xkrs dqy13 dfork,¡ gSaA

rhljs [k.M dks pØokr uke fn;kx;k gSA ;g [k.M jekdkar ds uke gSA blesa,d 'kke dh eu%fLFkfr] o"ksZa ckn] izrhfr] xhro"kkZ] LofLrd {k.k] ,d fuea=.k dk mÙkj]igq¡p] fonk] fonk ds ckn % izrh{kk] ,d tUefnu ij] ;g lkgl] ,d lkE;] ,d vkSjizlax] lk¡> % ,d fonk&n';] l`f"V dhvk;kstuk] ,d le>kSrk] gkaBksa ds uhps fQj]xhr] esjs LoIu] vkSj rq>s dSls Hkwy tkÅ¡ dqy21 dfork,¡ gSaA

vkaxu esa ,d o{k ¼miU;kl½nq";Ur dqekj us cgqr dqN fy[kk

ij ftu vPNh dfr;ksa ls muds jpukRedoSHko dk irk pyrk gS] ;g miU;kl muesa ls,d gSA miU;kl esa ,d lkeUrh ifjokj vkSjmlds ifjos'k dk fp=.k gSA lkeUr t+ehuvkSj mlls feyus okyh nkSyr dks dCts esaj[kus ds fy, u dsoy x+jhc fdlkuksa] vius

nq";Ur dqekj d`r vU; d`fr;ka


ukSdj&pkdjksa vkSj fL=;ksa dk 'kks"k.k vkSjmRihM+u djrk gS] cfYd Lo;a dks vkSj ftUgsaog I;kj djrk gS] mUgsa Hkh cckZnh dh rjQBsyrk gS] bldk ;gk¡ ekfeZd fp=.k fd;kx;k gSA

miU;kl cM+h f'kn~nr ls fn[kkrkgS fd vUrr% lkeUr Hkh euq"; gh gksrk gS vkSjmldh Hkh viuh ekuoh; ihM+k,¡ gksrh gSa] ijvius oxhZ; LokFkZ vkSj 'kks"kdh; :rcs dkscuk, j[kus dh dksf'k'k esa og fdruk vekuoh;gksrk pyk tkrk gS bldk [kqn mls Hkh vglklugha gksrkA

miU;kl ds lkjs pfj= pkgs ogpUnu] HkSukth] ek¡] firkth vkSj eaMkoyh okyhHkkHkh gksa ;k fQj eqa'khth] ;knjke] fHkD[kupekj vkfn fupys oxZ dh gksa lHkh viusifjos'k esa iwjh thoUrrk vkSj rkt+xh ds lkFkmHkjrs gSaA miU;kldkj dqN gh okD;ksa esamuds iwjs O;fäRo dks mdsjdj j[k nsrk gSvkSj viuh ifj.kfr esa dFkk ikBd dks LrC/krFkk nzfor dj tkrh gSA nq";Ur dqekj dhHkk"kk ds rsoj dh ckuxh ;gk¡ Hkh ns[kus dksfeyrh gS& dgha ,d Hkh 'kCn Qkyrw] u lqLrAvR;Ur iBuh; rFkk ekfeZd dFkk&jpukA

vkSj blh fnu dk eq>s bUrt+kjjgrkA pUnu HkkbZ lkgc vkrs rks esjs fy, ?kjesa uqekb'k&lh yx tkrhA jax&fcjaxs diM+s]vthcks&x+jhc f[kykSus] tkikuh fiLrkSy vkSjxksfy;k¡ vkSj buds vykok [kwclwjr fMCcksa esacUn VkfQ;k¡ o pkWdysV vksj ;g lc dqNvdsys esjs fy,A ek¡ ges'kk mUgsa Mk¡Vrh] ßpUnu]rw brus iSls D;ksa Qw¡drk gS js\Þßdgk¡ chth! ns[kks] rqEgkjs fy, rks dqN Hkhugha yk;k bl ckjAÞ HkkbZ lkgc cM+h e/kqjvkokt+ esa] lgt eqLdku gksBksa ij ykdjlQ+kbZ nsrsA ek¡ cM+cM+krh gqbZ jlksbZ?kj esapyh tkrh gS vkSj eSa HkkbZ lkgc ds vkSj iklljd vkrkA esjh rjQ eq[k+kfrc gksrs gq, os /khjs&ls esjs dku esa dgrs] ßchth ls ft+Ø erdjuk] muds fy, Hkh lkM+h yk;k gw¡A tkrs gq,nw¡xkAÞ fQj vpkud xEHkhj gksdj iwNrs] ßgk¡HkbZ] D;k izksxzke gS vkt dk\Þ

eSa izksxzke dk eryc ugha le>rkFkkA dsoy mudh vksj I;kj vkSj J)k lsfugkjrk jgrkA os g¡ldj eq>s vius ls fpiVkysrs vkSj [kqn gh le>krs] ßrks fQj ;g r;jgk fd nksigj esa E;wftd] 'kke dks f'kdkjvkSj jkr esa ;knjke ds gkFk ds ijkBs vkSjrhrj\Þ

eSa xjnu fgykdj lgefr izdVdjrk vkSj rRdky esjh vk¡[kksa esa ;knjke dh

xath pk¡n vkSj ijk¡Bs csyrs le; mldhduifV;ksa ij ckj&ckj mHkjrh&fxjrh ulksadh eNfy;k¡ rSjus yxrhaA

;knjke HkkbZ lkgc dk [k+kulkekFkkA HkkbZ lkgc tc Hkh eqjknkckn ls vkrs];knjke lkFk t+:j vkrkA nksigj dk HkkstuHkkbZ lkgc ek¡ ds jlksbZ?kj esa cSBdj djrsAexj 'kke dks firkth vkSj eSa nksuksa gh mudslkFk ;knjke ds gkFk ds ijk¡Bs [kkrsA flQ+Z ek¡viuh jlksbZ vyx idkrh FkhaA

ßD;ksa ;knjke] rsjh pk¡n ds ckydgk¡ x,\Þ eSa vDlj ;g loky mlls iwNkdjrkA vkSj ;knjke ges'kk bldk ,d tokcnsrk] ßckcwth ds twrs pkV x,] yYywAÞ

ek¡ dks ;knjke ,d vk¡[k ugha HkkrkFkkA 'kq:&'kq: esa mUgksaus esjs ogk¡ [kkus dkcM+k fojks/k fd;kA ysfdu dqN rks esjh viuhft+n vkSj dqN HkkbZ lkgc ds vuqu;&vuqjksèkds lkeus mUgsa >qd tkuk iM+kA eq>s [kwc ;kngS fd LoHkko ls cgqr dBksj gksus ds ckotwnek¡ HkkbZ lkgc dh ckr ugha Vkyrh FkhaA ;gvkSj ckr gS fd mlds ckn Hkh os eq>s ysdjcjkcj HkkbZ lkgc vkSj firkth] nksuksa dks ;grkuk nsrh jgrha fd mUgksaus ^NksVs* dks HkhEysPN cuk fn;k gSA

xk¡o esa HkkbZ lkgc ,d Hkwpky dhrjg vkrs Fks vkSj Ms<+&nks gtkj vknfe;ksa dhml NksVh&lh cLrh esa] gj txg] gj dneij vius uD+'k vkSj Nki NksM+ tkrs FksA mudstku s d s ckn db Z fnuk s a rd yk sxfd+Lls&dgkfu;ksa dh rjg mUgsa ;kn djrsjgrs vksj vDlj ;gh ft+Ø gqvk djrk] ßns[kks]fdruk cM+k vkneh gS] exj ?keaM Nw rd ughax;k!Þ fHkD[ku pekj& ftls HkkbZ lkgc ewfoaxjsfM;ks LVs'ku* dgk djrs Fks] muds pys tkusds ckn] vius BsB fdLlkxksbZ ds vUnkt+ esamudh dgkfu;k¡ lqukrk] ßvjs HkS;k] ckcw vknehFkksM+bZ gSa] fQjLrs gSaA ml fnu lqcg&lqcgcUnwd fy;s gq, vk x,A cksys& ^D;ksa ewfoujsfM;ks&Vslu* vdsys&vdsys eky mM+k j;sgks!Þ eSaus dgk& ckcw] eky dgk¡] f[kpM+h gS]rqEgkjs [kkus dh pht ubZaA cl] fcxM+ x,Acksys& ^vPNk! rqe vdsys [kkvksxs vkSj gerqEgkjk eq¡g ns[ksaxs\* vkSj lkgc] Hkxoku >wBu cqyk,] eSaus yqdek cukus ds fy, Fkkyh dhrjQ gkFk c<+k;k] rks èkM+kdA lkyk fny èkd~ls gks x;k vkSj lkgc] lw¡&lw¡ djrk gqvk ,ddOok HkM+kd ls Fkkyh esa vkxs fxjkA jke!!!jke!!! dgk¡ dk [kkuk! gkFk tksM+dj mB[kM+k gqvkA D;k djrk\ exj D;k cspwdfu'kkukA lkys mM+rs iaNh dw tgk¡ pkgk] ogk¡

fxjk fn;kAÞfu'kkus dh rkjhQ+ HkkbZ nsohlgk;

th Hkh fd;k djrs FksA exj mlls Hkh T;knkos HkkbZ lkgc ds xys ij eqXèk FksA mudkrfd;k&dyke vks[+[kks th* FkkA blfy, HkkbZlkgc mUgsa ^vks[[kks HkkbZ lkgc* dgk djrsFksA muds E;wftd izksxzke esa cqtqxksZ a dkizfrfufèkRo dsoy ^vks[[kks HkkbZ lkgc* fd;kdjrs FksA ge cPpksa dk bl izksxzke esa cSBus dhbtkt+r ugha gksrh FkhA fygkt+k ge gkWy dscUn njokt+ks a ds ikl dku yxkdj lquk djrsArcys ds Bksdus] gkjeksfu;e ds Loj feykusvkSj HkkbZ lkgc ds vkyki ysus ls 'kq: dj[kRe gksus rd ge dbZ yM+ds ogk¡ [kM+s jgrsvkSj tc HkkbZ nsohlgk; th dgrs] ^vks[[kksth] D;k pht+ lqukbZ gS] HkkbZ pUnu!* dgk¡ lsekj nh\ rks cM+s yM+ds dku yxkdj xkS+j lslquus dh dksf'k'k fd;k djrs FksA

eq>s ml le; rd laxhr esa bruhfnypLih ugha FkhA blfy, eq>s tc Hkh HkkbZlkgc dh ;kn vkrh] rks mudh ckrsa vkSjdgkfu;k¡ lquus ds fy, eSa vks[[kks HkkbZ lkgcdh cfuLcr] fHkD[ku pekj dh ckrsa lquukT;knk ilUn djrk] tks mUgsa ,d egku~ vkSjvkn'kZ uk;d ds :i esa is'k fd;k djrk FkkA

ysfdu eaMkoyh okyh HkkHkh] tks fj'rsesa gekjh dqN u gksrs gq, Hkh cgqr dqN gksrhFkh] u rks HkkbZ lkgc dh egkurk ds fdLlslqukrha vkSj u ikS#"k ds] cfYd dbZ ?kaVksviuh gh 'kSyh esa] mudh cM+h&cM+h vk¡[kksa dkvkSj muds jax&:i dk] muds lkSUn;Z dkvkSjmudh 'kjkjrksa dk gko&Hkko lfgr o.kZu fd;kdjrh FkhaA esjh rjg mUgsa Hkh HkkbZ lkgcilUn Fks vkSj HkkbZ lkgc dh ckrsa lqukus esa osmruk gh jl ysrha Fkha] ftruk eSa lquus esaA

ßfiNyh ckj eSaus [kwc lqukbZ]Þ HkkHkhlquk;k djrh Fkha] ßeSaus dgk& ykykth] dghaHkys ?kj ds yM+ds iku [kk;k djrs gSa! gekjs[k+kunku esa rks fdlh yM+ds us 'kknh ls igysiku Nqvk rd ugha FkkA rqEgkjs [k+kunku esavDy ds fpjkx+ ,sls cq> x, fd dksbZ dgusokykgh ugha jgkAÞ cl HkS;k] bruk lquuk Fkk fdyxs gkFk&ik¡o tksM+us& vjs esjh I;kjh xqykchHkkHkh! eq>s ekQ+ dj nksA eSa dku idM+rk gw¡]vc dHkh iku ugha [kkÅ¡xkA*

vkokt+ksa ds ?ksjs esa ¼dkO; laxzg½

vius vki ls vius ifjos'k vkSjO;oLFkk ls ukjkt+ dfo ds :i esa nq";Urdqekj dh dfork,¡ fgUnh dk ,d vko';d


fgLlk cu pqdh gSaA vkBosa n'kd ds eè; vkSjmÙkjk)Z esa viuh èkkjnkj jpukvksa ds fy,cgqpfpZr nq";Ur ftl vkx esa gkse gq,] mlsviuh jpukvksa esa yEcs le; rd eglwlfd;k tkrk jgsxkA

vkoktksa ds ?ksjs nq";Ur dqekj dk,d t+:jh dfork&laxzg gSA blesa èkqvk¡&èkqvk¡gksrh ml 'kf[l;r dks lkQ rkSj ij igpkuktk ldrk gS ysfdu jpukRed Lrj ij dfodk ;g fojksèk O;oLFkk ls vfèkd vius vki lsgS] tgk¡ O;fä u gksdj og ,d oxZ gS&eqfB~B;ksa dks ck¡èkrk vkSj [kksyrkA ck¡èkuk] tksmldh t:jr gS vksj [kksyuk] etcwjhA ,dizdkj fujFkZdrk vkSj Bgjko dk tks cksèk budforkvksa esa gS] og lkFkZd vkSj xfr'khy gksusdh xgjh NViVkgV ls Hkjk gqvk gSA Li"Vr%dfo dk ;gh }U} vkSj NViVkgV bu dforkvksadk jpukèkeZ gS] ftls lgt vkSj lkFkZdvfHkO;fä feyh gSA

nq";Ur y; ds dfo gSa] blfy,eqäNUn gksdj Hkh ;s dfork,¡ NUneqä ughagSaA lkFk gh ;gk¡ muds dqN xhr Hkh gSa vkSj

ckn esa lkeus vk;h csgrjhu x+t+yksa dh vkgVsaHkhA la{ksi esa] ;g laxzg nq";Ur dh vle;lekIr gks x;h dkO;&;k=k dk ,d egÙoiw.kZiM+ko gSAvktv{kjksa ds bl fufoM+ ou esa HkVdrha;g gtkjksa ys[kuh bfrgkl dk iFk [kkstrh gSa---ØkfUr! -------- fdruk g¡lks pkgsfdUrq ;s tu lHkh ikxy ughaA

jkLrksa ij [kM+s gSa ihM+k Hkjh vuqxw¡t lqurs'kh'k èkqurs foQyrk dh ph[k+ ij tks dkuLoj&y; [kkstrs gSa;s lHkh vkns'k&ckfèkr ughaA

bl foQy okrkoj.k esatks fd yxrk gS dgha ij dqN egd&lh gSHkkouk gks--- losjk gks----;k izrhf{kr if{k;ksa ds xku&fdUrq dqN gS(xUèk&ckflr osf.k;ksa dk bUrt+kj ughaA

;g izrh{kk % ;g foQyrk % ;g

ifjfLFkfr%gks u bldk dgha Hkh mYys[k pkgs[kkn&lh bfrgkl esa cl dke vk;sij le; dks vFkZ nsrh tk jgh gSA

vkokt+k sa ds ?k sjsvkoktsa----LFkwy :i èkjdj tks xfy;ksa] lM+dksa esa e¡MykrhgSa]dherh diM+ksa ds ftLeksa ls Vdjkrh gSa]eksVjksa ds vkxs fcN tkrh gSa]nqdkuksa dks ns[krh yypkrh gSa]iz'u fpUg cudj vuk;kl vkxs vk tkrh gSa&vkoktsa! vkoktsa] vkoktsa!!

fe=ksa!esjs O;fäRo vkSj eq>&tSls vufxu O;fäRoksadk D;k eryc\eSa tks thrk gw¡] xkrk gw¡] esjs thus] xkusdfo dgykus dk D;k eryc\tc eSa vkoktksa ds ?ksjs esaikiksa dh Nk;kvksa ds chpvkRek ij cks>k&lk fy;s gw¡

lEiknu ds {ks= esa nq";Ur dqekjnq";Ur dqekj us fofHkUu fo/kkvksa dks viukrs gq, lkfgR; lsok dh gSA mUgksaus uoksfnr lkfgR;dkjksa dk ekxZn'kZu Hkh fd;k gSA

bykgkckn ls izdkf'kr if=dk fogku bldk mnkgj.k gSA

fogku ¼}Sekfld if=dk½1953bykgkckn ls fogku* dk lEiknu nq";Ur dqekj] deys'oj vkSj ekdZ.Ms; rhuksa us feydj fd;k FkkA bl if=dk ds dqy fdrus vad

izdkf'kr fd;s x;s] ;g rks Kkr ugha gks ik;k fdUrq fogku dk izFke vad ekpZ&vizSy 1953 esa izdkf'kr gqvk FkkA fogku ds izcU/k lEikndfo'oukFk izlkn tk;loky FksA tcfd izcU/k lfefr esa mes'k pUnz mik/;k;] gfj'pUnz JhokLro] nq";Ur dqekj R;kxh] ftrsUnz tk;loky vkSjjk/kseksgu flUgk FksA fogku ds izFke vad ds :i lTtkdkj Fks deys'oj vkSj vkoj.k i"B ij tks fp= iz;ksx fd;k x;k Fkk og Fkk ^Hkksj gqbZct mBh ck¡lqjh* ;g fp= fp=dkj ds-ch- }kjk cuk;k x;k FkkA

fogku ds jpukdkjfogku ds izFke vad ds jpukdkj izdk'k pUnz xqIr] Hkxor 'kjk.k mik/;k;] j?kqifr lgk; ^fQ+jkd*] Jh d".knkl] usehpUn tSu]

fo|kfuokl feJ ¼ys[k] fucUèk½] ekdZ.Ms;] deys'oj] verjk;] ijekuUn xkSM+ ¼dgkuh]LdSp½] dsnkj] ukxktqZu] lrh'k nÙk ikaMs] xaxkizlknJhokLro] vftr dqekj] nq";Ur dqekj] ;qfDrHknz nhf{kr¼dfork,a½ jgsA

u, jpukdkjksa dks izksRlkgunq";Ur dqekj us u, jpukdkjksa dks Hkh [kwc izksRlkgu fn;kA fogku ds vius vfxze ys[k esa mUgksaus fy[kk gS& ^bl vad esa ge rhu

fcYdqy vifjfpr izfrHkkvksa dks vkils ifjfpr djk jgs gSaA Jh lrh'k ikaMs] Jh ;qfDrHknz nhf{kr vkSj Jh ijekuUn xkSM+A rhuksa gh ,slsys[kd gSa ftudh ys[kuh dk yksgk ,d u ,d fnu lcdks ekuuk iM+sxkA ge ps"Vk djsaxs fd vxys vadksa esa Hkh budh jpuk,¡ nsrs jgsaA vkSjHkh cgqr ls u, ys[kdksa dks [kkst fudkyus dk ftEek geus fy;k gS vkSj fo'okl djrs gSa fd gj vad esa vki ls ,d u ,d u, ys[kd nksLrdk ifjp; djkrs jgsaxsA*


?kfVr gks jgk gS] ml ij djkjh pksV gS vkSjog fo'kky nf"VlaiUurk Hkh] ftlesa lcdqNvuqdwy u gksrs gq, Hkh Hkfo"; ds izfrldkjkRed nf"Vdks.k fNik gSA x+t+y dhijaijkxr :f<+;ksa dks rksM+rh nq";Ur dh x+t+yksaesa thoukHkqoksa dh bruh fofo/krk gS fd mllsnkSj vkSj nk;jksa dh igpku Lor% gh gksrh gSA/keZohj Hkkjrh

lqfo/kkvksa vkSj in&izfr"Bk ls ySlpan vkykspd ,d >wBk eq[kkSVk yxk dj ,dcus&cuk;s iwoZxzg ds lkFk tks ,d udyhfonzksgh lkfgR;&fparu vkSj mlls mn~Hkwr rhljsntsZ dk ?kfV;k dkO;tky ikBdksa ij Fkksi jgsFks] ml df=e dkO;&lalkj esa ,d izkekf.kdnnZ Hkjh vkokt+ Fkh bu x+t+yksa dh] tks fcukfdlh vkykspd dh 'kCnkMacjh odkyr dsikBd dks O;kid Lrj ij Nw x;hA ,d lPphvkSj rh[+kh vdsyh NwVh gqbZ jpuk] >wBs 'kCntkyds fojkV dkO;kMacj dks dSls iy Hkj esa ud+yhvkSj tkyh lkfcr dj vius dks izfrf"Br djysrh gS] bldk izek.k nq";Ur dh x+t+ysa gSaAlosZ'oj n;ky lDlsuk

nq";Ur cM+k ek;koh FkkA cgqr deyksx gksrs gSa] tks bruh [kqyh ft+Unxh thrs gksavkSj fQj Hkh ek;koh dgkrs gksaA LoLFk] lqUnj]fnyQsad] ft+ankfny vkneh Fkk ogA mldsnksLr Hkh cgqr Fks vkSj nq'eu HkhA bl Q+sgfjLrdks c<+krs tkuk gh mldh ft+Unxh FkhA ;fnfdlh yM+dh ds ihNs fdlh x+Sj eksgYys esamldk d+Ry fd;s tkus dh [+kcj vkrh ;kfdlh 'kjkc[+kkus esa t+gjhyh 'kjkc ih tkus lsejus dh] rks fdlh dks mruk vpjt ughagksrk] ysfdu fny ds nkSjs ls mldk ejukcgqr cM+k et+kd yxrk gSA mls u rks fnydk dksbZ jksx Fkk] u gh dHkh dksbZ bl rjgdh f'kdk;r FkhA ijs'kkfu;ksa esa vius dks Q¡lkukfQj cgqr lQ+kbZ ls muls fudy tkuk] fnyesa dksbZ eyky u j[kuk] u dksbZ cks> <ksuk]vius nksLrksa esa og lcls T+;knk tkurk FkkAog chekj vkneh ugha FkkA u ru ls] u euls] u vknr lsA og csgn g¡leq[k FkkA vyeLr]csfQ+Ø] ruko dks xnZ dh rjg >kM+ nsuk ogtkurk FkkA mls cgqr tYnh [+kq'k fd;k tkldrk FkkA

mldh gol nqfu;knkjh dh golFkhA og lc dqN ik ysuk pkgrk FkkA dHkhcPpksa dh rjg epy dj] dHkh tw> dj] dHkh

fglkc&fdrkc fHkM+kus ds [okc ns[kdjA tcmldk pkgk ugha gks ikrk] rks og mnklgksrk] xkfy;k¡ nsrk vkSj vius jkLrs ds jksM+ksadks usLrukcwn djus ds fy, t+ehu vkSj vklekuds dqykcs feykrk ns[kk tkrkA ij] nqfu;kmlds fglkc ls ugha pyrh Fkh vkSj og Hkhcgqr pkg dj Hkh nqfu;k ds fglkc ls ughapy ikrk Fkk vkSj ftruk ugha py ikrk Fkk]mlh dh rkd+r ls og fy[krk FkkAfunk Q+kt+yh

nq";Ur uke ds n'kZu igyh ckjegku ukVddkj dkfynkl dh ukV~; jpuk^'kkdqarye~* esa gksrs gSaA mlesa ;g uke ,djktk dk Fkk] tks 'kdqaryk dks vius izse dhfu'kkuh ds :i esa ,d vaxwBh nsdj pyk tkrkgSA vkSj 'kdqaryk dh thou ;k=k blh vaxwBhds [kksus vkSj ikus ds bnZ&fxnZ ?kwerh jgrhgSA jktk nq";Ur ds lfn;ksa ckn fctukSj dh /kjrh us ,d vkSj nq";Ur dqekj dks tUe fn;kA

bl ckj og jktk ugha FksA R;kxhFksA nq";Ur dqekj R;kxhA bl nq";Ur dqekjR;kxh ds ikl u jktk dk vf/kdkj Fkk] uvaxwBh dk migkj vkSj u gh igyh ut+j esagksus okyk I;kj FkkA 20 oha lnh ds nq";Ur dksdkfynkl ds ;qx dh fojklr esa ls cgqr dqNR;kxuk iM+kA bl u, tUe esa og vke vknehFksA vke vkneh dk lekt mudk lekt FkkAvke vkneh dh yM+kbZ esa 'kkfey gksuk mudkfjokt+ FkkA vke vkneh dh rjg mudh eaft+yHkh lM+d] ikuh vkSj vukt FkkA

nq";Ur lkfgR; esa cgqr dqN dj dsvkSj thou dh cM+h /kwi&Nk¡o ls xqt+j dsx+t+y fo/kk dh vksj vk, FksA nq";Ur ftlle; x+t+y lalkj esa nkf[ky gq, ml le;Hkksiky izxfr'khy 'kk;jksa rkt Hkksikyh vkSjdSQ Hkksikyh dh x+t+yksa ls txexk jgk FkkAbuds lkFk fganh esa tks vke vkneh vKs; dsMªkbax:e ls vkSj eqfDrcksèk dh dkO;Hkk"kk lsckgj dj fn;k x;k FkkA cM+h [kkeks'kh lsukxktqZu vkSj /kwfey dh laln ls lM+d rd*dh dforkvksa esa eqLdqjk jgk FkkA blh tekusesa fQ+Yeksa esa ,d u, ukjkt+ ghjks dk vkevkneh ds :i esa mn; gks jgk FkkA

nq";Ur dqekj us fgUnh lkfgR; esatks dke fd;k gS vHkh mldk mfpr ewY;kaduugha gks ik;k gSA nq";Ur dqekj vkSj mudslkfgR; ij 'kks/k dh vko';Drk gSA

deys'ojnq";Ur dqekj us foLQksVd x+t+ysa

fy[kdj fgUnh dfork dk jpukRed fet+ktvkSj ekSle gh cny fn;kA gkykafd bls gekjsckSf)drkxzLr jpukoknh&Nn~e dykoknh vkSjlkfgR; ds Lo.kZ dfo vHkh [kqysvke Lohdkjdjus dh eqnzk esa ugha gSa] ij os tkurs gSa fdmuds iSj rys dh t+ehu f[kld pqdh gSAges'kk ls fgUnh lkfgR; dk lo.kZ vfHktkR;lkfgR; ds vuq'khyu vkSj bfrgkl ij xqatydekjdj cSBk jgk gSA blus yksd&Lohdfr dksgYdk cukus ds fy, mlh ds ot+u ij ,d'kCn&x<+k gS&yksdfiz;rk vkSj bls gs; ekukx;k gSA ;g joS;k mUgha vfHktkR;&oxhZ;lkfgR;dkjksa dk gS tks lkfgR; ds lokyksa ijcM+h js'keh cglsa djrs gSa ysfdu vius le;ds lokyksa dk lkeuk ugha dj ikrsA ;s yksxvius Mªkbax:eksa ;k eqnkZ lHkkxkjksa esa ^jpukdk yksdra=* LFkkfir djrs jgrs gSa vkSj t+:jriM+h rks cgqr lksp&le>dj] vkxk&ihNkns[kdj lkoZtfud lokyksa ij tkjh fd, tkusokys tufgroknh c;kuksa ij viuk uke nsusdh vuqefr Hkh ns nsrs gSa ysfdu 'kCn&lf"V ds;g os mitho gSa] tks vius ladqy le; dhLefr dh Lohdfr u ikus ds ckotwn ^lkfgR;ds fy,* fdrkcksa ls fdrkcksa esa thfor cusjgus ds xSj&lkfgfR;d miØe djrs jgrs gSaAfot; cgknqj flagtc os i<+rs Fks] rc d{kk esa vkSj d{kk ds ckgjdh d{kkvksa esa HkhA fy[kuk 'kq: fd;k] rksys[ku dh lèkh&cnh jkgksa] pkSgfn;ksa] QS'kuksavkSj dkO;&eqgkojksa dh HkhM+ esa HkhA u rks osdHkh Mjs] u lgesA u >qds] u VwVsA nksLrksa dschp] dHkh&dHkh nq'euksa vkSj nq'euksa ds nksLrksads lkFk Hkh] ;kjksa ds ;kj dh rjg mBrs&cSBrsAmudh nksLrh vxj fdlh ckr ls Fkh] rks blhvkt+knh ls Fkh vkSj blds fy, ftl iq#"kkFkZdh t:jr mUgsa Fkh] og muds LoHkko vkSjlaLdkjksa esa tUeuk ekStwn FkkAjkts'k dqekj O;kl

fgUnh x+t+y esa nq";Ur us loZFkku;k eqgkojk x<+kA bl u;s eqgkojs esa euq";dh ftthfo"kk ds lkFk mldh osnuk vkSjVwVu dks xgjkbZ ls eglwl fd;k tk ldrkgSA [+kkl ckr ;g Hkh fd thou ds eeZ dksle>krh mldh x+t+yksa esa O;fDr vkSj thoudh ckjhd+ iM+rky gS] mlds [+krjs gSa] tks dqN

nq";Ur dqekj ds ckjs esa vU; fo}kuksa ds fopkj


lar dof;=h lqcpu nklh dk tUelu~ 1870 bZ- esa mÙkj izns”k ds xkthiqj ftykds *Msgek* uked xkWao esa gqvk FkkA1 dk;LFkifjokj eas ekrk eqUuh nsoh ds xHkZ ls vorfjrgqbZ FkhA buds firk dk uke eqa”kh nyflaxkjyky Fkk] tks gfj HkfDr ,oa lk/kq&larksa ls cM+kizse j[krs FksA2 nklh th dk LoHkko opiu lsgh HkfDru izofÙk dk FkkA njoktk ij tcdksbZ lk/kq&lar vkrk Fkk rks mudk lRdkjdjus ds i”pkr~ Hktu xk;u gsrq gB djrhFkhA ifjokj f”kf{kr gksus ds dkj.k budhf”k{kk dSFkh fyfi Kku rd gqbZ FkhA nsoukxjhfyfi Hkh og i<+ fy;k djrh FkhA ek= pkSngo’kZ dh vk;q esa budk fookg cfy;k ftyk ds*cgksj Nijk* esa ;qxy fd”kksj yky ls gqvkFkkA3 ;qxy fd”kksj is”ks ls dpgjh esa dkedjrs Fks rFkk mudk xq# /kjkuk *mnklhlEiznk;* FkkA lqcpunklh th tc viusllqjky esa vkbZ] rks izHkq HkfDr esa lekf/k /kaVksayxkrh FkhA ftlls llqjky okyksa dks HkkSfrdnks’k dk lansg gqvkA blfy, viusxq# /kjkukds mnklh lar ghjknkl th ds ikl ys x;s4]ftudk eB Hkxq vkJe ds ikl *ukxkth eB*ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA lar ghjknkl thvius vk/;kfREkd rikscy ls igpku x;s fd;s izHkq&izse esa ckojh cuh gSA mUgksaus ;qxyfd”kksj dks le>k;k fd bls dksbZ HkkSfrd nks’kugha gSA ;g rks cgqr mPp dksfV dh lkf/kdkgSA lekf/kLFkoLFkk ls psruoLFkk esa vkus ijnklhth us lar ghjknkl dk pj.k idM+djvius dks f”k’; cukus dk vkxzg fd;k] rksmUgksaus ifr&iRuh dks nh{kk ea= ns nhA5 vU;larksa dh Hkk¡fr lqcpunklh ds lkFk Hkh vusdefgeke; fdaonafr;k¡ Hkjh iM+h gaSA mUgksaus mÙkjizns”k ,oa iatkc ds vusd LFkkuksa dk Hkze.kfd;kA xq#ukud ds izfr mudh vVwV J)kFkh] blhfy, muds tUe&LFkku *ukudkuk*,oa verlj rd dh ;k=k,a dhAxq# ukud fujadkjh] ghjk xq# dks Hkstk;kgSAtqxqy fd”kksj dh ukjh] nklh lqcpu dgk;kgSA6

lar lqcpu nklh ds xq# ghjknkl

th ¼eB ukxkth] cfy;k½ *mnklh lEiznk;*ds lar FksA lqcpu nklh vius thou dsvfUre le; esa xkthiqj ftyk ds ;wlqQiqjrglhy vUrxZr *ckykiqj* uked xk¡o esa viusvkJe dh LFkkiuk dhA blh vkJe esa lRlaxdjrs&djkrs lu~ 1950bZ- esa mUgksaus vius ikfFkZo“kjhj dk ifjR;kx fd;kA ys[kd muds vkJedk Hkze.k fd;k gSA Hkze.k&dky esa gh mudklkfgR; eq>s vkJe ls izkIr gqvkA mudh ,dizLrj dh izfrek ,oa lekf/k vkJe esa fo|ekugSA mudh f”k’;&ijEijk vkJe esa pyh vkjgh gS] tks fuEufyf[kr gS&

lar ghjknkl ¼eB ukxkth] cfy;k½ xq#A

lar lqcpu nklh ¼ckykiqj] xkthiqj½¼1870bZ-&1950bZ-½

Alar izg~ykn nkl ¼ckykiqj] xkthiqj½

Alar ukud”kj.k nkl ¼ckykiqj] xkthiqj½

¼orZeku egar½cgqr [ksn ds lkFk dguk iM+ jgk

gS fd ,sls lkfgR; lEiUu dof;=h dk ukebfrgkl ds iUuksa ls xk;c gSA vkpk;Z ij”kqjkeprqosZnh us *mÙkjh Hkkjr dh lar ijEijk* esaek= budk ifjp; fn;k gSA lu~ 1914 bZ- ls1934 bZ- ds e/; ik¡p Hkkxksa esa budk lkfgR;izdkf”kr gqvk gS& izserjafx.kh &1914 bZ-]izserjafx.kh Hkkx&nks *foKku lkxj* 1918 bZ-]izserjafx.kh Hkkx&rhu *fonsg eks{k izdk”k*]izserjafx.kh Hkkx&pkj *viwoZ foykl* 1923 bZ-] izserjafx.kh Hkkx&ik¡p *vuqHko izdk”k* f}-la- 1934 bZ-A izserjafx.kh Hkkx&nks *foKkulkxj* xkthiqj ls ,oa “ks’k lkfgR; xksj[kiqjls izdkf”kr gSA

tSlk fd mYys[k fd;k tk pqdk gSfd os vf/kd i<+h&fy[kh ugha FkhA vius vuqHkoksadks mUgksaus *dSFkh fyfi* esa fy[kk gSA mudslkfgR; dk :ikUrj.k tu&dY;k.k gsrq dSFkhfyfi ls *nsoukxjh fyfi* esa fd;k x;k gSAfcgkjh fgUnh dh cksyh Hkkstiqjh dks iz/kkur%vius lkfgR; dh Hkk’kk cukrs gq, laLdr][kM+h cksyh] vjch vkSj Qkjlh ds “kCnksa dk

feJ.k dj f[kpM+h tcku dk iz;ksx fd;k gSAdkO; dh :i fo/kk nksgk] pkSikbZ] loS;k ,oadq.Mfy;ksa dks viukrs gq, vusd yksd&jkxksa/kkVkas] fogkx] [kseVk] dtyh] nknjk] lksgj]HkSjoh] trlkj] xkjh] pSrk] olar] gksyh ,oafrrkyk vkfn esa viuh vfHkO;fDr dh gSAlqcpu nklh dh ok.kh esa Hkkoksa dk mQku gS]izokg dh ijEijk dk fuokZg ughaA

lar lqcpunklh us fofHkUu izdkjls vius fl)karksa dks le>kus dk iz;klfd;k FkkA mUgksaus vius vuqHkwfr ds vk/kkj ijml ijerÙo dks vfHkO;fDr djus dk iz;klfd;kA iw.kZ czã dh vfHkO;fDr ykSfdd “kCn“kfDr ls ijs gksrh gSA **mudh “kksHkk dsfg fof/k eSa xkbZ] eksls dgr ufga tkbZZ7A** dgdj czãdks vdFkuh; cryk;k gSA ml ijerÙo dksizkIr djds Hkh o.kZu djuk oSls gh vlaHko gS]tSls fdlh xwaxs O;fDr ds fy, Lokn dhvfHkO;fDr dfBu gSA8 muds jke fuxqZ.k gSAog gn&csgn ls ijs] u vkrk gS u tkrk gS] utUe ysrk gS u ejrk gSA9 mldk Lo:i ughagSA mls Hkkjh Hkh ugha dgk tk ldrk] mlsgydk Hkh ugha dg ldrsA u og iou gS uikuh gSA10 og vtj vej vfouk”kh gS] tkstkurk gS] ogh mls ik ldrk gSA11 og vHkko:i gksrk gqvk Hkh *dÙkkZ* gS lc jlksa dkvkJ; gS] loZxU/ke; gSA lqcpu nklh ds jkele :i ls leLr czãk.M esa ifjO;kIr gSA12

ftlus mudks tku fy;k mlds vfr lehigS] tks ugha tkuk mlls nwjkfrnwj gSA ftlizdkj ls ex dh ukfHk esa dLrwjh xa/k gksrh gSfQj Hkh mls ikus ds fy, taxy&taxy <w<+rkfQjrk gSA13 euq’; Hkh vkRerÙo dks Hkwydjmls iRFkj ,oa ikuh esa [kkstrk gS14 vkRerÙodks Li’V djrs gq, cM+s gh ljy “kCnksa esalqcpu nklh dgrh gS&Þftlus cksyrk oghvkRek] mldh jks”kuh tgk¡ esa QSyhÞ15 tkscksyrk gS] ogh vkRerÙo gSA og vfouk”khrFkk ijerÙo dk va”k gSA /kwi ds dkj.k tylw[k tkrk gS fdarq /kwi u’V ugha gksrkA mlhizdkj “kjhj ds ik¡pksa rÙoksa dk uk”k gks tkrkgS ysfdu vkRek dk uk”k ugha gksrkA16 vkRek,oa czã dh ,drk dk izfriknu djrs gq,

MkW-Jhifr dqekj ;knoofj’B ÁoDrk] fgUnh foHkkxlkgw tSu dkWyst] uthckckn]

lar dof;=h lqcpu nklh'kks/k ys[k


mUgksaus dgk gS fd ftl izdkj }Sr ds u’Vgksus ij v}Sr dk vH;qn; gksrk gSA tSls chtesa o{k vkSj o{k esa cht gSA /kwi esa m’.krk ,oam’.krk esa /kwi gSA ty esa rjax ,oa rjax esaty gSA mlh izdkj ls vkRek esa czã ,oa czãesa vkRek gSA17 bl izdkj ge ns[krs gS fdlqcpu nklh dh vkRek ,oa czã fo’k;d~ vuqHkwfrdsoyk}Sroknh ds vuqHkwfr ds gh leku gSAoLrqr% czã ls fHkUu vkRek dh dksbZ lÙkk ghugha gSA nksuksa vfHkUu gS] ,d inkFkZ ds nksuke gSA

“kadjkpk;Z ds vuqlkj vkRek gh cãgS] fdarq ek;k ds dkj.k nksuksa esa ikFkZD; dhizrhfr gksrh gSA lqcpu nklh us ek;k dks czãdh lf’V ekudj dgk gS& Þgfj rsjh dfBu jsfdjfr;k] “ks”k “kkjnk ikos u ikjÞ18 eu vkSjek;k dk /kfu’B lEcU/k gSA dke] Øks)] yksHk]en] bZ’;kZ] nqeZfr] ukrh&iksrk] csVk&csVh bR;fneu ds fodkj ek;k ds lkFkh gSA lqcpu nklhus *eu* dks ek;k ls le>kSrk u djds lqefrls le>kSrk djus dk lans”k fn;k gSA19 mUgksusek;k dks lk/kuk esa cka/kd ekurs gq, dgk gS&ÞBfxfu;k ds tky Mxj fcyebgsaÞ20

lar lqcpu nklh us ijerÙo dksd.k&d.k esa O;kIr ekurs gq, dgk gS&Þrqgha /kjrh rqgha vkLeka] rqgha ifjiw.kZ Nk;k gSÞ21 mUgksausczã dh lÙkk dks lukru ekuk gS] rc czãla;qDr lf’V ds fofHkUu miknku vfLrRoghudSls gq, \ ;gk¡ ;g Li’V dj nsuk vko”;dgS fd fl)kUr fu:i.k esa lqcpu nklh usijekFkZ&lÙkk vkSj O;ogkj&lÙkk nks nf’V;kasdks viuk;k gSA ijekFkZ lÙkk dh nf’V ls oslalkj dks vlR; ekurh gSA Þczã vkuUn jgsykS ykbZ] txr vlkj ns[kkbZÞ22 mUgksausO;ogkfjd #i ls lalkj dks dgk gS&Þ;g txdkty dksV] l¡Hkkjh ds jguk ;kjksÞ23

lar lqcpu nklh us lk/kuk dhnf’V ls lar&ijEijk dk gh vuqxeu fd;kgSA larksa us vKku dks gh leLr iki&deksZadk ewy ekuk gSA lqcpu nklh us eu ijfot; izkIr djus dks okLrfod thr ekukgSA24 Kku dh egÙkk dks izfrikfnr djrs gq,mUgksaus vH;Urj&vuqHkwfr dks okLrfod Kkudh laKk nh gSA25 lqcpu nklh us dgk gS fd*uke*¼izHkq dk uke½ dk cht cksus ls Kku dkvadqj fudyrk gSA26 izk;% efgyk lar ;ksx dkfu’ksèk djrh gS fdarq budh okf.k;ksa esa ‘kV~pØos/ku] bM+k] fiaxyk] lq’kqE.kk] czãjU/kz ,oa v’Vkax;ksxlaca/kh in cgqrk;r ek=k esa feyrs gSaA mUgksaus;ksx ds ckjs esa dgk gS&tksfx;k tksx dfBu ls gks;Atksx dju dks lc dksbZ /kkos] lgts tksx ufga

gks;A“kCn cku dh pksV dfBu gS] fcjyk Bgjsdks;AA27

;ksx ds }kjk lk/kd lk/; ls tqM+usdk iz;kl djrk gSA ;g iz;kl dbZ izdkj dsgksrs gSa&dkf;d lk/kuk ¼gB;ksx½] ekufldlk/kuk ¼/;ku;ksx] y;;ksx½ ,oa lgt lkèkukAlqcpu nklh us gB;ksx] /;ku;ksx ij fo”ks’kcy fn;k gSA mUgksaus *ehu* ,oa *fogaxe ekxZ*dk vuqlj.k dj /;ku yxkus dh ckr dghagSA28 gkykafd lqcpu nklh lcls vf/kd xq#ukud ls izHkkfor Fkh fQj Hkh og ;ksx lk/kukesa ukFkiaFkh ;ksfx;ksa ,oa dchj vkfn larksa dsfudV gSaA lqcpu nklh us HkfDr dh eqDr daBls iz”kalk dh gSA mUgksaus dgk gS fd yksHkh]yaiV ,oa ykyph O;fDr ls HkfDr laHko ughagSA HkfDr rks ogha dj ldrk g]S tks yksd&yktdk ifjR;kx dj vius lk/; ds pj.kksa esaviuk loZLo lefiZr dj nsaAyksHkh yaiV ykyph] buls HkfDr u gks;AHkfDr djS ru R;kxh ds] yksd ykt lc[kks;AA29

HkfDr djus esa lqcpu nklh ds le{kehjk tSlh ikfjokfjd cka/kk,a ugha FkhA bldkdkj.k Fkk muds ifr ;qxy fd”kksj th dhlk/kqrk ,oa lTturkA HkfDr ds vHkko esa euq’;mYyw ds leku gSA Qy ds fcuk o{k ,oa tyds fcuk dqvk¡ dh fLFkfr HkfDrghu O;fDr dhgksrh gSA30 ÞeS vcyk vKku] }kj NksfM+ dgk¡tkÅ¡Þ31 dgdj mUgksaus “kj.kkxr Hkko dksvkRelkr fd;k gSA *uke ti* ij fo”ks’k /;kunsrs gq, dgk gS& Þfcuq Hktus ru erd dgkbZjsÞ32 izse izk.kh ek= ds ân; dh ,d lgtofÙk gSSA ân; esa gfj ds izfr vuqjkx lsleLr fodkjksa dk uk”k gks tkrk gSA33 “kq)vkSj lkfRod izse gh J)k dk ;ksx ikdjHkfDr dk :i xzg.k dj ysrk gSA izse fojg esafiz; ls feyu gsrq vR;ar O;kdqyrk gksrh gSA,d LFkku ij mUgksaus dgk gS fd esjs fiz;vejiqj esa cl x;s gaS vkSj eq>s dy;qx esaclk;s gSaA esjs fdl voxq.k ds dkj.k fiz; eq>sR;kx fn;s gSaA eq>ls tqnkbZ cnkZ”r ugha gksjgh gSA jkr&fnu vPNk ugha yxrk gSA fojgesjs ân; esa viuk fuokl LFkku&cuk;k gqvkgSA34 lqcpu nklh ds lkfgR; esa eks{k laca/khin cgqr gh de ek=k esa feyrs gSaA bldkdkj.k ;g gS fd HkDr eqfDr dh pkgr ughaj[krk gSA og rks vius lk/; ds lkFk rnkdkjrkdks gh pjeksUufr ekurk gSA lqcpu nklhthoUeqfDr dks gh ijedkE; le>rh Fkh&Þthor le>s thor cw>s] thor ejuk eqfDrtkuksAÞ35

lar lqcpu nklh vU; larksa dhHkk¡fr tkfrokn dk [kaMu fd;k gSA Å¡p&uhpdk Hksn feF;k gS D;ksafd lcds vUnj bZ”ojtkfr o.kZ dk /;ku u j[krs gq, fo|eku gSA36

tkfr&ik¡fr dh lejlrk ij viuk vfHkerizdV djrs gq, mUgksaus lkQ “kCnksa esa dgfn;k gS fd bZ”oj ,sls n;kyq gS] tks mudkHktu djrk gS] mldks tkfr] o.kZ] dqy ,oadeZ ij Hkh u /;ku nsrs gq, vius esa lekfgrdj ysrs gaSA37 deZdkaM dk fojks/k djrs gq,lqcpu nklh us dgk gS fd deZdkaM ds ca/kuesa tks Q¡l tkrk gS] mls deZdkaM dky :i/kkj.k dj [kk tkrk gSA deZ&vdeZ NqVus dsi”pkr~ gh O;fDr dks okLrfod lq[k dh izkfIrgksrh gSA38 ik[kaMh os”k/kkjh lk/kqvksa dh [kcjysrs gq, dgk gS&ÞgkFk lqfejuh cxy drjuh]Bxs fQjs ew< tkuh jsÞ39 rhFkZ] ozr ,oa ewfrZ&iwtkbR;kfn dk mUgksaus vR;ar “kkyhurk iwoZd fojks/k fd;k gSA budh ok.kh esa dchj dh Hkk¡fr mxzfojks/k ugha gSA mUgksaus dgk gS fd bZ”oj dksge rhFkZ LFkkukssa esa <w<+rs gSa] dHkh vius “kjhjesa [kkstus dh dksf”k”k ugha dhA40 rhFkZ] ozr]ikgu&iwtk Hkze dk cks> gSA blls ek;k dkca/ku dVrk ugha cfYd vkSj O;fDr ek;k esaQ ¡lrk tkrk g SA41 lar lqcpu nklhfgUnw&eqfLye ,drk dk izfriknu djrh gqbZdgrh gS fd fgUnw vkSj eqlyeku ,d gh gSaA,d gh LFkku ls vk,a gSaA lalkj esa vkus dsi”pkr~ nksuks fgUnw&eqlyeku esa c¡V x;sA efUnj,oa elftn ds pDdj esa vius vki dks Hkwyx;sA nksuksa dh cqf) Hkzfer gks pqdh gSaA nksuksavius&vius /keZ dks loZJs’B crkdj vgadkjds en esa gSA fgUnw gf’kZr gksdj cdjk ,oaeqlyeku xk; dkaVrk gSA mlds fny esa n;kuke dh ekuork ugha gSA mls ;g ugha irkfd cdjk esa jke ,oa xk; esa [kqnk gSA fgUnwviuk ewnkZ xaxk esa izokfgr djrk gS vkSjeqlyeku dczxkg esa nQu djrk gS&,d gh rq#d fgUnw] ,d gh txg ls vkoghaAnksfc/kk dh jlh cVh ds] fgUnw rq#d c/kkoghaAAfgUnw Hkqykos eafny esa] rq#d egthn esa HkwykAnquksa dh efr Hkqyk;k] nquksa vgacqf) esa QwykAAcdjk esa jke cksys gS] xb;k esa cksys [kksnkbZAfny esa jge uk vkogha] gjf’kr gks Nqjh pykbZAAviuk eqnkZ ys tkoS] dcwj xaxk esa yxkoSAlqcpunklh leq>kos] cnyk iqjcqt esa ikoSAA42

Hkkjrh; lekt esa ukjh dh fofp=fojks/kkHkkle;h fLFkfr jgh gS ,d vksj mlsnsoh ,oa iwT;k ekuk x;k nwljh vksj eks{k ekxZesa cka/kk Mkyus okyh ek;k crk;k x;kA lqcpunklh ds dkO; esa ukjh ds nks :i feyrs gSa&,d dkfeuh nwljk ifrozrk rFkk lrh&lk/oh


dk :iA tgk¡ rd eS lar lkfgR; esa efgyklarksa dks i<+k gS&ehjkckbZ] n;kckbZ] lgtksckbZ,oa ckojh lkfgck bR;kfn lar dof;f=;ksa usukjh fuUnk ugha dh gSA lqcpu nklh muefgyk larksa ls fcYdqy vyx ukjh ds nqcZyi{k ij gh vk/kkr fd;k gSA ukjh ds dkfeuh:i dk o.kZu djrs gq, mUgksaus fy[kk gS fdukjh vfXu dh dq.M gS ftldh m’.krk nwjrd tkrh gSA ukjh dk lqUnj Hkky liZ dhef.k ds leku gSA ukjh ds lkgp;Z ls euq’;czãp;Z] vk;q] cy] cqf) [kks nsrk gSA ukjh fo’kds leku gS] ftls ns[krs gh fo’k p<+us yxrkgS vkSj mls [kkus ij ej tkrk gSA43 ogha ij,sls iq#’kksa dh Hkh fuUnk dh gSa tks ijukjh esavuqjDr jgrs gSaA muds fopkj ls ijkbZ L=h esavuqjDr jgus okyk vYidky ds fy, Hkys ghvkuUn dk vuqHko djsa] vUrr% og lewy :ils u’V gks tkrk gS&ukjh dgksa dh ukgjh] dksbZ tu ykoks laxAnlksa “kh”k jkou dVs] ij ukjh ds laxAAij ukjh ijlUu gks;] ns uk lds dqN vkSjAew= ik= vkxs /kjs] ;gha ujd dh BkSjAA44

bl izdkj ls lar lqcpu nklh dklaiw.kZ lkfgR; tu&dY;k.k ,oa lektfgrgsrq visf{kr gSA mUgksaus ml ijelÙkk dkslf’V ds leLr miknkuksa esa ekuk gSaA eu dkHkze gh ek;k gSA txr uk”koku gSA Kku] ;ksx]HkfDr] izse ds ekxZ }kjk izHkq dks tkuk tkldrk gSA lkekftd fopkj/kkjk ds vUrxZrtkfrokn ,oa okákpkj dk [kaMu] rhFkZ;k=k]ewfrZiwtk dk fojks/k] fgUnw&eqfLye ,drk dkizfriknu rFkk dkfeuh L=h dh /kksj fuUnk]ifrozrk L=h dh iz”kalk dks vius dkO; dkfo’k; cukdj lekt dks ,d u;k ekxZ fn[kk;kA

bl NksVs ls vkys[k esa lqcpu nklh dh ,d>yd ek= feyrh gSA budks ns[kus ds fy,rks Lora= “kks/k dh vko”;drk gSA

lanHk Z%1- ftyk xkthiqj ekStk Msgek] lqcpu tUe ik;k gSA Hkkjr [k.M esa Msgek /kU; gS] dk;LFk dqy dey f[kyk;kgSAA &lqcpu nklh] *izserjafx.kh* Hkkx&4] viwoZ foykl] i- 12- firk nyflaxkj /ku tx esa] /kuh eqUuh dks[k tUeh gSA&ogh]i- 13- tqxqy fd”kksj dh ukjh] lqcpu nklh lqUu ekaghA&ogh] i- 24- jke ghjk nkl xq# ukxk gS mnklh gks jkekA czã _f’k&czã _f’k lqcpu nklh gks jkekAA&lqcpu nklh]*izserjafx.kh* Hkkx&2] foKku lkxj] i- 445- ghjknkl xq# gekjs fny esa lek jgk gSA&lqcpu nklh]izserjafx.kh] i- 86- ogh] i- 77- lqcpu nklh] *izserjafx.kh* Hkkx&2] foKku lkxj] i- 558- vn~Hkqr lq[k dgka yfx eSa xkokas] xwaxk xqM+ ds lonok ukA&ogh]i- 699- gn~n ls csgn~n ds ikjs] /kqu mBs lqUu lsA vkos u tkos] tUe eju fouklk jkeAA&ogh] i- 5710- uk Hkkjk uk gydk gS rw] ufga iouk ufga ikuhA js[k :i dNq ufga ikokas] dkSu “kCn dh cksyAA&ogh] i- 5711- lqcpu nklh dr *izserjafx.kh* Hkkx&4] viwoZ foykl] i-11912- lc esa C;kid ,d jgkbZ] vkRe czã dgkbZA&lqcpu nklh]izserjafx.kh] i- 213- fejxk ds ukHkh esa lqxa/k dLrqfj;k gksA&lqcpu nklh]*izserjafx.kh* Hkkx&2] foKku lkxj] i-] 3614- vkre czã dks R;kxh] ikgu <w<+s /kkos vkjs gkaAA&ogh] i- 3615- lqcpu nklh] *izserjafx.kh* Hkkx&5] vuqHko izdk”k] i- 9016- ty lqf[k tk; /kke uk lq[kS] rRo ru ufl vkRek unw[kSA&ogh] i- 1617- }Sr feVS v}Sr ns[kkos] fgr vufgr esa vkre njlkoSA cht esa c{k c{kk esa cht gS] lq#t esa /kke m’.krk tukosA vkRek esa czã vkRek czã gh esa] ty eas rjax cqycqykdgkosAA &ogh] i 1618- izsrjafx.kh] i- 6219- ek;k en ih ds eu Mkse/kkmt djsA dke Øks/k yksHk Mkg b’kkZ ifyokj] ukrh iksrk dyg dyiukvikjsA nqeZfr dqefr vjksflu ijksflu] fufl fnu dyg esa lalkjdks gjsA

eu ds cl es iM+gq tfu I;kjs] lqefr ds lax lqcpu euekjsAA&lqcpu nklh] *izserjafx.kh*] Hkkx&4] viwoZ foykl] i-11820 lqcpu nklh] izserjafx.kh] i- 1921- lqcpu nklh] *izserjafx.kh*] Hkkx&4] viwoZ foykl] i- 122- lqcpu nklh] izserjafx.kh] i- 223- lqcpu nklh] *izserjafx.kh* Hkkx&4] viwoZ foykl] i- 7324- eu dks thrk txr thrk] lqcpu nklh eu ehrkA&lqcpunklh] izserjafx.kh] i- 1225- vUrj esa Kku vuqHkkS ikoSA&lqcpu nklh] *izserjafx.kh*Hkkx&4] viwoZ foykl] i- 526- uke ds cht cksvu tc ykxh] Kku ds v¡[kqvk fnu fnutkxhA&lqcpu nklh] *iszerjafx.kh* Hkkx&5] vuqHko izdk”k] i-727- lqcpu nklh] *izserjafx.kh* Hkkx&2] foKku lkxj] i- 4028- ehu ds ekjx fogax ds pky] vpy gS /;ku lqesjA&ogh] i-5729- ogh] i- 4030- Qy fcu o{k fuj fcu dwik] Hkxfr ghu uj mYywl#ikA&lqcpu nklh] *izserjafx.kh* Hkkx&5] vuqHko izdk”k] i-431- lqcpu nklh] *izserjafx.kh* Hkkx&4] viwoZ foykl] i-7332- lqcpu nklh] *izserjafx.kh* Hkkx&2] foKku lkxj] i4933- gfj vuqjkx mBs mj ekagh] ldy ek;k HkeZ ukl gks tkghaA&lqcpu nklh] *izserjafx.kh*] Hkkx&5] vuqHko izdk”k] i- 434- lqcpu nklh] izserjafx.kh] i- 6235- lqcpu nklh] *izserjafx.kh* Hkkx&4] viwoZ foykl] i- 636- lcesa C;kid ,d jgkbZ tkfr cju fcyxkbZA&lqcpu nklhizserjafx.kh] i- 4 37- tkfr cju dqy dje u tkuh] gfj dks Hkts lks gfj esa lekuhA&ogh] i- 3038- deZ dkaM ftlus QWlk] dky :i gks; [kk;A deZ vdeZ nwuksa NqVs] rc lqcpu lq[k ik;AA&lqcpu nklh]*izserjafx.kh* Hkkx&5] vuqHko izdk”k] i- 439- lqcpu nklh] *izserjafx.kh* Hkkx&2] foKku lkxj] i- 6740- Hkwys Hkwys fQjs rhjFk esa] [kkstr ukgh vius ,fg ru esaA&lqcpunklh] *izserjafx.kh* Hkkx&4] viwoZ foykl] i- 2941- rhjFk crZ ikgu iwtk] Hkje esa flj fy;s cks>kA&lqcpunklh *izserjafx.kh* Hkkx&2] foKku lkxj] i-2142- lqcpu nklh] *izserjafx.kh* Hkkx&5] vuqHko izdk”k] i-88&8943- ogh] i- 7344- lqcpu nklh *izserjafx.kh* Hkkx&2] foKku lkxj] i-40

Hksn dSlk

v;ks/;k cl v;ks/;k gSAge ugha ns[krsekuo&ekuo esa HksnHksn rks v;ks/;k esa gSAbUlku vkSj iRFkj esa Hksnfdarq vYyk&bZ”oj esa Hksn dSlk\lcdk ?kj cukus okys dk ?kj cukusokyk dSlk\ekuksxs rks jgksxsugha] rks ---------

Ck sdkjh

Hkyk csdkjh esa vkneh cksyrk gSeqag cUn djds jguk fu;r cu tkrh gSAfny esa dldeu elksl dj jg tkrk gSAvk¡[kksa ns[kk Hkh dHkh >wB cu tkrk gS(,dkar esa eu dh ckr vk¡[kksa ds jkLrsfudyrh gSA

;kn vkrk gS

ek¡ dk vk¡pyek¡ dk nw/knknk&nknh dk I;kjopiu dh ;knsa?kj&xk¡o] [ksr&[kfygku(viuksa ls nwjeu dksckj&ckj ;kn vkrk gSA

MkW- Jhifr ;kno dh rhu dfork,a


vki vius ckjs esa dqN crk;saxs\-mÙkj çns'k esa tuin fctukSj dh

rglhy pk¡niqj ds varxZr gekjk xk¡o fllkSuk{ks=h; xzkE;kapy dk 'kq# ls gh fljekSj jgkgSA bfrgkl ]f'k{kk o fodkl vkfn lHkh –f"V;ksa ls fllkSuk ,d çfrf”Br xzke gSAukS lkSo”kZ iwoZ gekjs ifjokj ds iwoZtksa us gh bl xk¡odks clk;k FkkA eSa Lo;a dks vrho xkSjokfUorvuqHko djrk gw¡ fd R;kxh czkã.kksa ds ,dlqlaL—r ifjokj esa esjk tUe blh xk¡o esaƒŠflrEcj lu ƒ‹‰‰bZådks gqvkAvius firkdh pkj larkuks esa eSa f}rh;Øe ij gw¡] cM+s HkkbZlq'khydqekj R;kxh Þvferß ¼,e-,]ih-,p-Mh]½,d vf}rh; çfrHkk laiUu fgUnh lkfgR;dkjrFkk fo}ku çk/;kid gSaA eq>ls NksVh nksuksacgusa uferk R;kxh o vferk R;kxh lqf'kf{krlkSE; vkSj vkn'kZ Hkkjrh; laLdkjksa ls lthl¡ojh gekjs ifjokj dh >yeykrh ekyk dseq[; eksfr;ksa lh gSa vkSj vc viuh viuhllqjky esa lifjokj dq'ky gSaA esjs firkJh;'kiky flag R;kxh ,oa firO; Jh;'kdqekjflag R;kxh ¼pkpk th½ lk/kkj.k fdlku gksdjHkh vlk/kkj.k xq.kksa ls ;qä gSa vkSj cpiu lsvkt rd esjs çFke vkn'kZ gSaA esjs ppsjs rhuHkkb;ksa esa lcls cM+s M‚-lat; R;kxh ;ksx]vk;qosZnds lQy fl)gLr fpfdRld gksus ds lkFklkFk egf"kZ d.kkn fo|kihB ds lapkyd gSaAçkP; ,oa vokZP; f'k{kk ds bl dsaæ esa yxHkx†åå fo|kFkhZ bl l= esa v/;;u dj jgs gSaAnwljs HkkbZ vt; dqekj R;kxh Þlaxhr çHkkdjßlqe/kqj d.B ds /kuh gSa vkSj lEçfr dukMk esaviuh xk;dh ds ek/;e ls Hkkjrh; v/;kRedk çpkj dj jgs gSaA lcls NksVs HkkbZ M‚-fot;

dqekj R;kxh ¼laL—r çoäk xq:dqy dkaxM+hfo'ofo|ky;½ dk ckYehfd jkek;.k ij xq#dqydk¡xM+h fo'ofo|ky; ls fd;k x;k ih,p-Mh-'kks/k çca/k Hkkoh oS¸;kdj.kksa ds fy, ehy dkiRFkj lkfcr gksxkA bu lHkh HkkbZ;ksa ds lkFktgk¡ rd esjs ifjp; dh ckr gS lks eSa rks Lo;agh ç;Ru'khy gw¡ Lo;a ls ifjfpr gksus dkAftruk Hkh lehi vk ldk gw¡ Lo;a ds og ek=bafxr gh gS fd bl vKkr thou esa dqN Hkhrks lEçKkr ugha gSAfQj Hkh xq#dqy egkfo|ky;Tokykiqj gfj}kj esa ƒ„o”kksaZ rd iwT;firkegiafMr gfjflag R;kxh ¼ckck th½ ds Jhpj.kksa dslkFk lkFk vU; lHkh xq#tukas ds vk'khokZn lstks dqN Hkh fo|ktZu LoYi efr ls dj ldkmlh dks viuk ikFks; cukdj pjSosfr pjSosfrJqfr dk ikyu djrs gq, fujUrj pyrk pyktk jgk gw¡ vKkr vuUr thou&;k=k ijAdukMk esa foxr nl o"kksa Z ls Lokra«;&;ksx¼Freedom Yogaa½ ds }kjk tks Hkh uj&ukjk;.klsok gks ldh gS mldk Js; Hkh ijefirkijekRek dh ml vlEçKkr —ik dks gh tkrkgSA oks vdkj.k d#.k bZ'oj le; le; ijdksbZ uk dksbZ 'kqHkfpard esjs thou iFk dkçn'kZu djus ds fy;s Hkstrk jgrk gSAeq> Þnhißdks vius usg ls thfor j[kus okys mu lHkhfuLig fe=ksa dh ukekoyh tks eSa nsus yx tkÅ¡vU; nwljs ys[k vkfn ds fy, vkidks fgUnhpsruk ds bl vad esa LFkkukHkko gks tk,xkA ;ksarks Hkkjro"kZ esa Hkh esjs fe=ksa dh vPNh [kklhla[;k gS ysfdu dukMk dh /kjrh ls iw.kZr:vifjfpr eq> tSls O;fä ds ƒå o"kksaZ esa brusçxk<+ 'kqHkfpUrd gks tkuk [kqn eq>dks HkhvpfEHkr djrk gSAesjs thou dh lathouh esjh

lg/kfeZ.kh ;ksxf'kjksef.k Jhefr gsyh R;kxh rFkkvkB ekl dh fcfV;k lekf/kdyk R;kxh dsfcuk esjs vfLrÙo dh dYiuk Hkh vlaHko gSAesjh lqUnj ls lqUnj dYiuk Hkh 'kk;n gh dHkhesjh iRuh dh yko.;e;h dkfUr o vkUrfjdlkSE; ljyrk dk vkdyu dj ldsA fcfV;klekf/kdyk dks ;fn gfjoa'k jk; cPpu th dhrtZ ij eSa viuh loZJs"B lokZf/kd lqUnjrejpuk dgw¡ rks dksbZ vfr'k;ksfä ugha gksxhA bunksuksa dk lkgp;Z gh esjs thou vkSj esjs dkO;dh lkFkZdrk gSA ;gh esjh dforkvksa dh çsj.kkvkSj fpj thoarrk gSaA eSa dguk pkgw¡xk fd&fcu usg T;ksfr T;ksa nhi Afcu Lokfr fcUnq T;ksa lhiAR;ksafg lekf/k] gsyhfcu O;fFkr fody lanhi1- vki dks fy[kus dh çsj.kk dc vkSj dgk¡ls feyh \

;ksa rks gekjs ifjokj dh f'k{kk dsvk/kkj LrEHk iwT;ckck Jh gfjflag R;kxh thgSaAftuds cstksM+ dkO; laxzg Þgjhfrekß dhdkQh dfork,a eq>s daBLFk gSa] ysfdu cM+sHkkbZ Jh lq'khy th dks mudh lqanj dforkvksaxhrksa xtyksa ij lHkh ls feyh okgokgh us gheq>s çsfjr fd;k fd dqN muds tSlk cuw¡AeSaus lq'khy th dks viuk çsjd ekudj d{kkvkB esa igyh ckj dqN 'kCn la;kstu dkç;Ru fd;k fdUrq mudh dfork dk çfrf"BrLrj ns[kdj 'keZ vkSj ladksp ls viuhtksM+&rksM+ dks fdlh dks Hkh fn[kkus ds yk;du le> dj u"V dj fn;kAfdUrq eu gh euBku fy;k fd ,d fnu lcls cf<+;k dforkfy[kuh gh gSA lkFk gh fopkj fd;k fd HkkbZ

fganh dk Hkfo"; vrhomTToy gS eSa rks fgUnhdks fo'oHkk"kk ds mPpLFkku ij ns[krk gw¡

;gk¡ izLrqr gS dukMk esa jgdj ;ksx

vkSj fgUnh dh lsok djus okys vkpk;Zlanhi dqekj R;kxh ls izfl)

lkfgR;dkj MkW- lq/kk vkse <haxjkdh ckrphr ds lEikfnr va”k&

lk{kRdkj


lkgc rks fgUnh esa fy[krs gSa ysfdu eSa laL—r esa fy[kw¡xk ftlls dksbZ Hkh eq>s mudkçfrLi/khZ ;k udyph ugha le>sxkA lclscf<+;k dfork fy[kus dh ;gh Hkkouk eq>sjkrfnu txk;s j[krh FkhA xq#dqy esa i<+rsgq, bl çdkj pkj lky rd eSa çrh{kk djrkjgk ysfdu yk[k ç;kl djus ij Hkh dqN'kCn tqM+ ugha ldsA,d fnu vuk;kl 'kkedks Hkw[k u yxus dh çrhfr lh gqbZ tks eq>tSls Hkkstufç; fo|kFkhZ ds thou dh çFkevifjfpr vuqHkwfr Fkh] eq>s vPNh rjg ;kn gSmlls igys eSaus dHkh Hkh ,d fnu rks D;k,d od~r rd dk Hkkstu ozr ;k miokl dscgkus rd ls Hkh ugha x¡ok;k FkkA eq>s BhdBhd ;kn gS lU ƒ‹‹… bZåds fnlEcj ekl dhoks …ƒ rkjh[k FkhA dkxt dye ysdj eSa cSBx;k] vkSj dqN dk dqN fy[kus yxkA jkr Hkj;gh flyflyk pyrk jgkA lqcg yxHkx …cts /;ku vk;k dh †-…åcts mBuk Hkh rks gSAD;ksafd xq#dqy esa çkr: †-…å cts lHkh dksmBdj fnup;kZ 'kq# djuh gksrh gSA blesafoyEc gksus dh rks xqatkb'k gh ukeqefdu gSA[kSj lqcg mBus ij jkr esa fy[ks pkj laL—r'yksd iappkej N~Un esa eSaus vius ckck thdks fn[kk;s bu 'yksdksa esa ls igys nks 'yksdljLofr&oanuk rFkk vU; nks 'yksd rRdkyhucEcbZ cEc dkaM dh fo"k; oLrq dks miknkucukdj fy[ks x;s FksA ckckth ds ekxZ n'kZuvkSj vk'khokZn feyus ds ckn eSa vius cM+s HkkbZlq'khy th ds lq>ko ij fgUnh laL—rlkfgR;kdk'k ds tkToY;eku u{k= Lo-M‚-lR;ozr 'kekZ Þvts;ßth ds ikl viuh jpukysdj x;kA Nan vkfn dh –f"V ls mUgksaus eq>sdqN funsZ'k fn;sA vkSj leL;kiwfrZ ds fy,fuEu iafä nsrs gq, dgk& lanhi ÞHkko dsvHkko esa dkO; dyk O;FkZ gSA iafä esa vxyhiafä tksM+ks!** vkSj vuk;kl esjs eq[k ls fudyiM+k&*Hkko ds çHkko ls gh dfork leFkZ gSA*bl çdkj T;s"BHkzkrk lq'khy th dk lkfu/;rFkk vius nksuksa dkO;xq#vksa dk çsjd funsZ'kugh esjh vkfn çsj.kk gSA tgk¡ rd vktdy dhckr gS lekt dk gj ân;Li’khZ –’; ;k ifjos’kesjh dkO; çsj.kk gSA2- vkidks dfork esa gh D;ksa #fp jgh \

esjs laxhrfç; gksus ls ! rFkk dforkxk;s tkus ;ksX; gksus ls eq>s #fpdj yxrhgS]rFkk fcuk fdlh ckSf)d O;k;ke ds fd;scxSj mn~Hkwr gksus ls dfork dks eSa ,d ijkekuoh; çfØ;k ekurk gw¡A x|xhr ;k x|kRedi| eq>s ;fn Hkko dh –f"V ls l’kä gks rcrks fç; gSAysfdu ikBdksa ;k Jksrkvksa dks rks

D;k tks jpuk Lo;a jpf;rkvksa dks Hkh d.BLFkugha gksrh gS] ,slh x| dfork ds çfr esjkvkd"kZ.k fo'ks"k ugha gks ldk gSA3- vkidks ohj jl ls D;ksa vuqjkx gS \

ohj jl eq>s vius LoHkko ds lclsT;knk fudV çrhr gksrk gSA ?kqêh esa jkek;.kegkHkkjr vkfn dh dFkkvksa dk jl ihus dsdkj.k ohj jl jä cudj f'kjk vkSj /kefu;ksaesa nkSM+rk gSA cpiu ls xq#dqy esa ÞohjHkksX;kolqa/kjkß ÞvLekda ohjk: mÙkjs Hkoarqßi<+k gSAlkfgR; laxhr o n'kZu ds lkFk gh bfrgklesjk fç; fo”k; jgk gSAbfrgkl ds xguvè;;u ls Hkkjrh; ohjksa ds 'kkS;Ziw.kZ la?k"kZ dhxkFkkvksa dh eqgqeqZgqZ vkofÙk us esjs psruk ra=esa Hkh la?k"kZ.k mRiUu dj ,d fctyh lhdkSa/kk nhA eSa vkt Hkh LokraR;Z rfMr dhlqo.kZjs[kkvksa ds çdk'k ls Lo;a ds ân;kdk'kdks vkyksfdr ikrk gw¡A fd'kksjkoLFkk esa esjs}kjk fy[kk ØkafrdkO; Þpaæ'ks[kj vktkn'krdßesjh blh Hkkouk dh vfHkO;fä gSA oSlsHkh vktdy dk vlqjf{kr ekgkSy ohj jl dsdkO;ksa ls gh cnyk tk ldrk gSA ohj jl dhjpuk,a gh gSa tks dk;jksa esa 'kkS;Z dk lapkjdj ldrh gSaA4- fgUnh ds fdu dfo;ksa us vkidks çHkkforfd;k \

fgUnh ds dfo;ksa esa vk/kqfud Hkkjrds çFke jk"Vªdfo Hkw"k.k esjh igyh ilan gSaA?kuk{kjh Nan esa ohj jl dk tks vn~Hkqr ifjikdÞf'kok ckouhß esa gqvk gSA lnSo vf}rh; jgsxkALora= Hkkjr ds jk"Vªdfo jke/kkjhflag ÞfnudjßxqIr ca/kq] ek[kuyky prqosZnh] t;'kadj çlkntSls lkfgR;dkjksa dh çfrHkk ls eSa lnSo vfHkHkwrjgk gw¡A5- dukMk esa fgUnh ls vkidk fdl çdkj lsfeyki gqvk \

…å ebZƒ‹‹‹ dks dukMk dh /kjrhij vkdj eSa fganh xfrfof/k;ksa ls fcYdqyvyx Fkyx lk iM+ x;k FkkA ysfdu vknj.kh;Jh ;'knÙkk th ds ek/;e ls eSa fganh psrukds ç/kku laiknd] lkfgR; lekt esa lek–r]lkSE; larls 'kkar Jh ';ke f=ikBh th lsfeykA tks eq>s dukMk ds fgUnh lkfgR;dkjksads laidZ dh Master Key lkfcr gq,AdksbZ Hkh ys[kd ;k dfo eq>ls vifjfpr ujgkA vknj.kh; egkdfo Jh gfj'kadj Þvkns'kßth ds n'kZu ikdj eglwl gqvk fd tSlslk{kkRk fganh lkfgR; gh 'kjhj /kkj.k djdsdukMk esa vk igq¡pk gksA6- vkids fopkj ls fons’kks esa fgUnh fd D;kfLFkfr gS \

fo'ks"k:i ls VksjUVks esa \ fganh dkHkfo"; vrho mTToy gS eSa rks fgUnh dksfo'oHkk"kk ds mPp LFkku ij ns[krk gw¡A fons'kksaesa fgUnh dh fLFkfr vR;ar etcwr gSA lkfgfR;d–f"V ls ;gk¡ ds jpukdkj Lrjh; gSaA fo'ks"k:ils VksjaVks esa fganh dh fofo/k fo/kkvksa esa jpktk jgk lkfgR; fgUnqLrku ds Lo;aHkw fganhm)kjdksa dks vkbuk fn[kk jgk gSA ysfdufQj Hkh vxj O;ofLFkr gksdj lkfgR;srj Lrjij Hkh ge fons'kksa esa fgUnh dk çpkj&çlkjdjsa] rks og fnunwj ugha tc fgUnh dk ijpeHkkjrh;srj ewy ds yksx Hkh vius gkFkksa esa Fkke[kq'kh [kq'kh Qgjk,axsA Hkkjrh; laxhr];ksx vkfnlHkh fo|kvksa ds lkFk lkFk c‚yhoqM ds dkj.kHkh lkfgR;srj fgUnh dh yksd fç;rk fnunwuhjkr pkSxquh c<+ jgh gSA O;kolkf;d {ks= esaHkh Hkkjr dh idM+ etcwr gksus ls fganh fo'oLrj ij laidZ Hkk"kk cudj mHkj jgh gSAVksjaVks bldk mi;qä mnkgj.k gSA u tkusfdrus vaxzsth Hkk"kh dukfM;u ukxfjd ;kfofHkUu ns'kksa ds vkçoklh tu fgUnh cksyusokys yksxksa ds O;kikfjd çfr"Bkuksa ij gh[kjhnkjh djuk ilan djrs gSaA7- vc rd fd vkidh fgUnh fd ;k=k dSlhjgh \

dkO;ltu rFkk v/;;uk/;kiu nksuksagh –f"V;ksa ls esjh fganh dh ;k=k cM+h xkSjo'kkyhjghA laL—r ls fy[kuk 'kq# djds eq>s fgUnhesa viuh dkO;&/kkjk çokfgr djuh iM+h D;ksafdlekt dh lelkef;d vfHkO;fä dks viusdkO; esa çfr/ofur djus ds fy, eq>s ekrHkk"kkfganh gh mi;qä yxhA fgUnh esa vHkhrdvktkn&'krd dsvykok Þlk¡>ß ¼dkO;laxzg½rFkk „åå LQqV dforkvksa dk ladyu 'kh?kzçdk'; gSA lkFk gh vkaXyHkk"kk esa fy[kh esjh75 poems Hkh freedom freedom lovelove ds Titel ls Nius ds fy, rS;kj gSaAfgUnh@vaxzsth Hkk"kkvksa esa fy[kh tk jgh esjhvkRedFkk Hkkx&ƒ “The confessions ofA priest” vius vki esa ,d foæksgh jpuk gSvkSj esjs vius thou ds la?k"kksaZ dh nkLrka c;kadjrh gSA lekt ds èkkfeZd jktuSfrd <k¡ps dks/oLr djus ij rqys vlkekftd rÙoksa dh[kky [khapus ds fy;s tksfd dkQh dqN gSA esjsdkO; dh ckuxh ns[kus ds fy, dqN jpuk,aSandeephwg-blogspot-com ijpkSchlksa ?kaVs miyC/k gSaAirk& Georgian College Orangeville ON Canada

;k31 Pantages Court Brampton ON Canada L6S 5B7www.freedomyoga.ca Ph. 647 282 2529

fgUnh psruk ls lkHkkj


izfro"kZ 8 ekpZ dks leLr fo'o esaßvUrjkZ"Vªh; efgyk fnolÞ euk;k tkrk gSAbl iq#"k izèkku lekt esa ukfj;ksa us ;g fl)dj fn;k gS fd os fdlh Hkh izdkj ls de ughagSaA ckrs pkgs pk¡n ij tkus dh gksa vFkokleqæ esa xksrk[kksjh dhA ?kj esa nkf;Ro fuHkkusdh gks ;k lhek ij lqj{kk dh] lHkh esa ukfj;ka[kjh fl) gks jgh gSaA bfUnjk xk¡/kh] izfrHkkikfVy] ehjk dqekj] lksfu;k xk¡èkh ls ysdjrhtu ckbZ] v:a/kfrjk;] dYiuk pkoyk] 'kksHkukukjk;.k] 'kqHkk eqnxy] ih-Vh- Å"kk] lkfu;kfetkZ] lk;uk usgoky] fdj.k csnh] —".kk iwfu;k]Tokyk xêk] cNsUæh iky] eerk lksnk rFkkvydk rksej tSlh yk[kksa efgyk,a ,slh gSa]ftudh igpku muds firk vFkok ifr lsugha] oju~ Lo;a muds uke ls gSA eaxs'kdjcguksa esa Hkyk yrk] vk'kk ,oa m"kk dks dkSuugha tkurkA

lEiw.kZ lekt dh izxfr dk bfrgkldqN o"kksZ a dk bfrgkl ugha gqvk djrkA Hkkjrh;fL=;ksa us tks izxfr dh og fodflr jk"Vªksa dhfL=;ksa dh izxfr ds eqdkcys cgqr /kheh dghtk,xhA ,slk blfy, Hkh gqvk fd gesa Lo;avktkn gksus dk volj dkQh nsj ls feykAijra= mifuos'k cus jgdj u ns'k izxfr djrkgS vkSj u lektA rks fQj L=h lekt dhfclkr gh D;k FkhA blds ckotwn rhljs fo'ods ns'kksa esa gekjh fLFkfr bruh yTtktud Hkhugha gSA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd gekjsjk"Vªuk;dksa us fL=;ksa dh Lora=rk vkSj izxfrdks lekt ds iw.kZ fodkl ds fy, vko';dekukA jk"Vªfirk egkRek xk¡/kh fL=;ksa ds lUnHkZesa vius fopkj vkSj O;ogkj esa ,d FksA egkRekxk¡/kh ds L=h leFkZd fparu vksj O;ogkj lsL=h dks cy feykA L=h&fojks/kh lkekftdjoS;s dks xk¡/kh th ds bl lw= us efgykvksa dsl'kDr gksus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk;h gS&ßvxj eSa L=h dk tUe yw¡] rks iq#"k dh bl /kkj.kk ds f[kykQ cxkor dj nw¡ fd L=hmldk f[kykSuk cuus ds fy, iSnk gqbZ gSA**xka/kh th us Lok/khurk vkanksyu esa d'ehj lsysdj dU;kdqekjh rd vusd egRoiw.kZ fBdkuksadh deku mUgksaus efgykvksa dks lkSai j[kh FkhAbu efgykvksa esa mfeZyk csu] Hkhdkth dkek]ljkstuh uk;Mw] lqpsrk dìykuh] v:.kkvklQvyh vkSj Lo;a mudh iRuh dLrwjck

vkfn ds uke xoZ ds lkFk fy;s tk ldrs gSaAlqHkk"k pUæ cksl] ljnkj oYyHkHkkbZ iVsy]tokgj yky ugs: tSls usrkvksa us Hkh L=h dhizxfr dk ekxZ iz'kLr fd;kA ns'k ds egkulekt lq/kkjd jktkjke eksgu jk; us 19 ohalnh esa gh L=h&fojks/kh dqjhfr;ksa ^ckyfookgvkSj lrhizFkk* ds fojks/k esa vfHk;ku NsM+k]ftlds dkj.k L=h ds fgr esa cuus okys vusddkuwuksa dh i"BHkwfe rS;kj gqbZA

vkt fLFkfr ;g gS fd vusd jkT;ksadh jktuhfr dk pØ efgyk jktuhfrKksa dsbnZ&fxnZ ?kwe jgk gS] ftlls dsUæh; jktuhfrHkh izHkkfor gSA viuk jktuhfrd Hkfo"; laokjusds fy, iq#"kksa dks bu efgyk jktuhfrKksa dsvkJ; esa tkuk iM+k gSA cgqtu lekt ikVhZ]r.kewy dkaxzsl vkSj vUukæeqd tSlh rhu cM+hjktuhfrd ikfVZ;ksa dh deku Øe'k% ek;korh]eerk cuthZ vkSj t; yfyrk ds gkFkksa esa gSA;s rhuksa eq[;ea=h Hkh gSaA

Hkkjrh; jktuhfr esa dHkh&dHkh futhppkZvksa vkSj vukSipkfjd ckrphr esa jk"Vªh;usrkvksa dh orZeku o) ih<+h ds ckn ds usrRods ^vdky* dks ysdj 'kadk, O;Dr dh tkrhgSaA vxyh ih<+h ds usrRo ds loky ij tksvusd uke mNkys tkrs gSa] muesa T;knkrjiq#"k gksrs gSaA vuqHkoh fL=;ksa dk uke usrRodh lEHkkfor lwph esa ugha gksrk& ;g iq#"klRrkRed <kaps dh ijEijkxr lksp dk ghifj.kke gSA ftlls fiz;adk xka/kh dks jktuhfresa u ykdj dkaxzsl dk psgjk Hkh Li"V gkstkrk gSA tcfd fiz;adk xka/kh] jkgqy xka/kh lsvf/kd ifjiDo utj vkrh gSA tuekul dhlksp vkSj ekufld cqukoV ,slh gS] ftlesafL=;ksa dh {kerk ds ,sfrgkfld vkSj orZekumnkgj.kksa ds ckotwn] fL=;ksa dh vikj {kerkvksavkSj lEHkkoukvksa dk vuqeku izk;% ugha yxk;ktkrkA

bl rjg L=h dh izxfr dk lewpkifjn`'; vktknh ds igys dh fL=;ksa ds ifjn';ls ml le; vkj{k.k u gksus ds ckotwnfurkar fHkUu gSA vktknh dh yM+kbZ yM+usokys gj iq#"k ØkfUrdkjh ds ihNs ØkfUdkjhlksp fy;s efgyk gh [kM+h fn[kk;h nsrh gSAvc vkSj rc esa vUrj flQZ bruk gS fd rciq#"k dks ukjh izksRlkfgr dj jgh Fkh] vcl{ke iq#"k ukjh 'kfDr ls lgek gqvk mldks

vkxs ugha fudy tkus nsuk pkgrk gSA ijUrqvkt Hkh la?k"kksZa ls tw>rs gq, efgyk us viuh'kfDr] lkgl vkSj fo'okl ls izxfr ds ekxZdks iz'kLr fd;k gSA oks thou dh gj pqukSrhdk lkeuk djrs gq, iq#"k ls vkxs tkrhfn[kk;h ns jgh gSA ghuHkkouk ikys gq, iq#"kds fy;s tkx:d vkSj lkeF;Ziw.kZ ukjh dkfojks/k vc mruk vklku ugha gS] ftruk fdog lksps gq, cSBk gSA vkt lekt esa efgykdh lfØ; Hkwfedk dks udkjk ugha tk ldrkgSA viuh vusd Hkwfedkvksa ds chp lkeatL;fcBkus dh dksf'k'k esa ukjh dbZ ckj rukoxzLr gksrh gS] exj viuh vkLFkk dh ykS dks /khek ugha iM+us nsrhA og fLFkfr;ksa ls tw>rsgq, vkxs c<+ jgh gSA izxfr dh ped ds fy,mldh jpukRed 'kfDr lgh <kapk ryk'kjgh gSA fQj Hkyk mldk izxfr iFk iz'kLrD;ksa ugha gksxk\

vktknh vkSj yksdra= dh yM+kbZ esacgqr&lh efgyk,a jktuhfrd f{kfrt ij mHkjhgSaA ,uhcslsaV] fot; y{eh if.Mr] lqpsrk —iykuh] ljkstuh uk;Mw] bfUnjk xk¡/kh vkfn usvktknh dh yM+kbZ ds bfrgkl esa gh ugha]vktkn Hkkjr ds mRFkku vkSj fodklkRedbfrgkl dks x<+us esa Hkh egRoiw.kZ HkwfedkfuHkkbZA blds ckotwn iq#"k }kj efgykvksa ijgksus okys vR;kpkjksa esa deh gksrh utj ughavk jgh gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd jfoUæukFkBkdqj] 'kjrpUæ pêksik/;k; ,oa izsepUn tSlsmPp dksfV ds jpukdkjksa us viuh jpukvksadh laosnuk dk rkuk&ckuk ukjh dh eekZardihM+k vkSj la?k"kZ dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, cqukAthou esa ;FkkFkZ ls ukjh ik=ksa dks pqudj'kjrpUæ us L=h ds lkFk lekt ds vekuoh;vkSj Øwjrkiw.kZ O;ogkj dks fn[kkdj] L=h dsizfr Hkkjrh; tuekul dks laosnu'khy cukusdk iz;kl fd;kA mUgksaus O;kid Lrj ijys[kdksa vkSj dfo;ksa dks fL=;ksa dh i{k/kjrk lslac) dF; iznku fd,A bl rjg lkfgR;vkSj i=dkfjrk ds ek/;e ls Hkh fL=;ksa esavius vf/kdkjksa ds izfr psruk txhA

ifjfLFkfrtU; lp Hkh ;gh gS fdvkt efgykvksa dks ?kcjkus vFkok ihNs eqM+djns[kus dh vko';drk ugha gSA Å¡pkb;ksa dhryk'k esa fudyh ukjh tkfr ds pj.kksa esa ghf'k[kj gSA cl mls vko';drk gS le>usvkSj mfpr volj dhA og fnu nwj ugha tcukjh okLrfod :i ls iwth tkus yxsxhA

ukjh tkx`fr % orZeku ifjn`';ds0,l0 rwQkuog fLFkfr;ksa ls tw>rs gq, vkxs c<+ jgh gSA izxfr dh ped ds fy, mldh

jpukRed 'kfDr lgh <kapk ryk'k jgh gSA fQj Hkyk mldk izxfr iFkiz'kLr D;ksa ugha gksxk\

ukjh foe'kZ


tyu,d eqn~nr ls fny dks tyu gksrh gSAcQZ Hkh Nwrh gw¡ gkFkksa dks riu gksrh gSAA

laxs fny gksxk oks] eq>s ekywek u FkkA;kn vkrh gS cgqr] Vhl lue gksrh gSAA

pkanuh] pkan&flrkjksa dk vkt D;k gksxkA#lok gks tk;s egcwc rks d+ye jksrh gSAA

lksprh gwa fnu dk nnZ jkr ls dgwaxh exjAjkr <yrh gS rks fny dks Fkdu gksrh gSAA

dkSu viuh ethZ ls jksrk gS galrk gS ;gkaAeqLdqjkus dh rks cl jf’e pyu gksrh gSA

vkjtw[kq'k jgsa oks lnk tk esjh nqvk nsukAcgkj tk esjs nkeu dh gh gok nsukAA

:Bdj py fn;s le>s cxSj ckrksa dksAeku Hkh tkvks tks ethZ gks ltk nsukAA

ckn eqn~nr ds feys rks ,sls feys oks Aetcwjh gks x;h muls gj ckr crk nsukAA

vka[k yxrs gh utj vkrs gS [okc esa A[okcksa fejs ek>h dks ;g ckr crk nsukAA

lhrk gwa cSB tkÅaxh dwM+s dpjs ds <sj esaAtc ijh{kk ysuh gks rks vkx yxk nsukAA

lIri.kh ZlIri.khZ ds lkrksa iÙk s lqyxus yxs gSarqEgkjs v–'; uke dh rfi'k ls gh vkSjftudk vDl utj vkrk gS eq>s viusv kl&ikl fc[ k j s re ke iÙ k k s a d hfpduh]pedhyh vkSj lgeh lh lwjrksa esa]

gj ,d iÙks ij]eSau s gh rks fy[kk Fkk rqEgkjk uke] mlhdh Nk¡o esa cSBdjviuh m¡xfy;ksa ds gyds ncko Hkj lsgh]

lgyk, tkus dh ueh us gh] cl mldkslaHkky jD[kk gSojuk rks oks dc dk >qyl x;k gksrkrqEgkjs uke dh rfi'k dks >syuk Hkh D;kvklku gksrk gS ]

ydhjsa rks fy[krs oä gh lqyx mBh Fkhaij ehBs ,glkl Hkh tUes Fksljkcksj gks x;h Fkh eSa vareZu rd mldhukjaxh rfi'k esa ]

v/ ke q an h iydk s a l s g h ] ifÙ k; k s a dhdaidaikgV ns[kFkke fy;k Fkk] blds lges i.k dks] viuheqfë;ksa esa Hkhapdj ]rqEgkjk uke] tks vc rd ngdrk jgk FkklIri.khZ ds fpdus iÙkksa ijlqyxus yxh gS] mldh vkap vc esjs

,glklksa esa Hkhesjs geuQt !!

:gkfu;r:gkfu;r dh nqfu;k esa ljgnsa ugha gk srhajok;rsa Hkh ugha;d+hu dk bd ikdhtk flyflyk Hkj gS;s ]

lkal nj lkal xgjkrk tkrk gSQyd is Bgjs vkQrkc dh rjg ]

lfn;ksa dk Qklyk Hkh ;gk¡ nwfj;ka iSnkugha djrkcl dqN ,glkl csgn [kkl gks tkrs gSaèkM+duksa dh ekStwnxh dk vkbuk cudj]

gokvksa esa vDl Hkh ftUnk utj vkrs gSay¶tksa esa tks mez Hkj dh nqvk;sa cutkrs gSafcuk fdlh dk;ns vkSj fcuk fdlh nk;jsds ]

;gk¡ b'd Hkh cl b'd gksrk gSviuh iwjh 'kkbLrxhvius iwjs tTckr ds lkFk !!

dfork,a

lcz dh bUrgkesjs lcz dh bUrgk dqN bl dnj gqbZ]t+gu us 'kCnksa dk dk;nk [kk syk]gkFkksa us fy[k Mkyk tks dqN xqt+jgqbZAxfnZ'kksa esa rkjs tc vkleka esa uk vk,ut+j]y¶+tksa dks pedk Mkyk geus vkSj iUuksaesa lcdks dbZ flrkjs vk, ut+j'kk;n esjh fy[kkoV esa dqN vk¡f/k;k¡ Hkhfn[ks]rwQ+kuksa us yk[k jksds jkLrs/kwy vkSj dadM+ rks esjhdye vkSj L;kgh cu ltsAdgus lquus esa 'kCnksa dks t+k;k djukuQ+jrh fnyksa dh egfQ+yksa esa Bgkds Hkjukbalku dks balku uk ekuus dh xyrhdjuknqvk&cn~nqvk dk [ksy gels [ksyk ughax;ktkus dkSu dHkh dqN ge rd ykSVk yk,vkSj dqN fQj ls ykSV tk, ----ysfdu&,s [kqnk] esjs iz'uksa dk gy rq>s gh [kkstukgksxkD;ks afd&esjs lcz dh bUrgk gks xbZ gSA

cw¡nsacjlk tc Hkh esjh vk¡[kksa ls] dHkhlkou rks dHkh lkxjAges'kk gh dqN cw¡nksa us]fjDr fd;k dqN vkSjAysfdu esjh bl fjDrrk ls]dgha dksbZ fopfyr uk gqvkA vkSj/khjs&/khjs ;w¡ gqvk]fd eSaus Hkh uk fd;k xkSjAcw¡n sa fxjh dHkh xeZ /kjrh ij] rk s dHkhcgrs ikfu;ksa esaAdksbZ vfLrRo ugha gksrk tgk¡] uk feykbu cw¡nksa dks dksbZ BksjAvkSj tc xgjkbZ ls ns[kk rks] fxjh Bhdvkl&ikl lhfi;ksa dsAdguk iM+k fd O;FkZ gSa os cw¡nsa]^ftUgsa dksbZ lhi uk feyhA*

vpZuk jkt

jf'e vHk;

iqfurk ckok


dgkuh dksjs dkxt dh

Hkw[k mxh gS vc [ksrksa esa] es?k ekaxrs ikuh

dksjs gh dkxt dh i<+rs gS] vc yksx dgkuh

ftruh lhaph xbZ /kfj=h

mruh gh og cka> gqbZ

ftlus fn;k ifluk viuk

?kj mlds gh lka> gqbZ

xqelqe cSBh gS dksus esa] vc gy/kj dh jkuh

dksjs gh dkxt dh i<rs gS] vc yksx dgkuh

ckrksa ds iqy cus gq, Fks

,d iRFkj ls VwV x,

lHkh jklrs ;gka Áxfr ds

fdrus ihNs NwV x;s

ekax jgh vc [kks;k cpiu] HkVdh gqbZ tokuh

dksjs gh dkxt dh i<+rs gSa] vc yksx dgkuh

Qkby esa uRFkh gks&gksdj

liuksa us ne rksM+ fn;k

geus mUgsa fcuk ns[ks gh

vxys vadks esa tksM+ fn;k

‘kCn ckWVrs jgs lHkh dks ge gSa ,sls nkuh

dksjs gh dkxt dh i<+rs gSa] vc yksx dgkuh A

eqEcbZ ds yksx

dqN bl rjg ls thrs gSa eqEcbZ ds yksx

nkSM+rs gSa csrgk’kk eqEcbZ ds yksax A

lkspsa Hkyk dSls dHkh vkSjksa ds fy,

[kqn dh gh ugha jk[k ikrs gSa [kcj] eqEcbZ ds yksxA

ryk”krs gSa lqcg ‘kke viuh xyh dks

HkVdrs gSa ;gkW bl rjg ls eqEcbZ ds yksxA

lksrs gq, QqVikFk ij Hkh viuh vka[kks esa

egyksa ds LoIu ikyrs gSa eqEcbZ ds yksxA

ftanxh thus dk Hkh dksbZ rks lcc gS

ij ;wagh ft, tkrs gSa eqEcbZ ds yksxA

uoo’kZ ;g vk’kk gS mtkyk fy, lkFk

jks’ku djks vc ftanxh dks eqEcbZ ds yksxA

d’ehjh vkSjr

d’ehjh vkSjr ekW cuus ls ?kcjkrh gS

xj cSVk iSnk gqvk

rks

vkradokn dk f’kdkj gksx

xj cSVh iSnk gqbZ

rks

cykRdkj dk f’kdkj gksxh

d’ehjh vkSjr ekWW cuus ls ?kcjkrh gS----------------A

pfpZr dfof;=h vuhrk

BDdj dh rhu dfork,a


vefudkik¡p iafDr;ksa dh ,d dfork] ftlesa ,d gh ckr dks pkj rjhds lsdgus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA [kkl ckr ;s gS fd ik¡p iafDr;ksa esals Åij&uhps ls dksbZ Hkh nks iafDr ysus ij ckr iwjh gks tkrh gSAvk'kk gS lqf/k ikBd vkSj leh{kd vefudk dks u;h fo/kk ds :iesa Lohdkj djsaxsA /kU;okn &veu dqekj R;kxh

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qy fn; k gS vkSj eaxyl w=k Hkh mrkjdj i Qsad fn; kgSA l p rks ; g gS fd ekek&Hkakt h dk l aca/ ckivkSj csVh ds l aca/ t Sl k i fo=k gksrk gS ysfduekek vkSj Hkkat h us bl fjLrs dh i fo=krk dkfuokZg ugha fd; kA ; qorh ds fi rk us fi Qjkst kcknds , rekreqnkSyk Fkkus esa ml ds xk; c gksus dhfj i ksVZ fy[ kk; h FkhA xk; c ; qorh nks o"kZ rdv i us ekek i fr ds l kFk yki rk jgh vkSj t cog eka cuus dh fLFkfr esa vk x; h rks , rekrqnkSykuxj ds , d vLi rky esa vk x; h vkSj ; gl kspdj vk x; h fd ml ds eka&cki vkSj i fj t uml dhs uknkuh l e>dj ml s eki Q dj nsaxsA l wpukfeyus i j , rekrqnkSyk Fkkus dh i qfyl us ml; qorh dks ml ds i fr ds l kFk vLi rky esafxjÝrkj dj fy; kA

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dfo ds mQi j i Qkjl h Hkk"kk dk vPNki zHkko gSA dfo i zÑfr }kjk i znÙk fdl h Hkh pht + dksut +jvankt + ugha djrk gS oju~ ml ds egÙo dks js[ kkafdrdjrk gSA cM+s gh Hkkoqd ' kCnksa esa dfo dgrk gS] ^ dkev k t krk gS VwVk gqv k i Sekuk HkhA** vaxszt +h Hkk"kk dsegku dfo oh-oh- ' kSyh us vi uh oSLV fo. M* jpukesa dgk gS] When winter comes can springbefor behind**A bl okD; ds }kjk ml fujk' kkoknhdfo dh Nfo cny dj vk' kkoknh gks t krh gSA egsUnzv' d us bl h okD; dks nwl js <ax l s dgk gS] ^ oD+rdgrk gS fd fi Qj v k; sxk rwi +Qka ; kj ksA** t hou l i kVeSnku ugha gSA mrkj&p<+ko t hou dh i zÑfr gS vkSj ; ghvl yh t hou gS ft l esa l a?k"kksZa dh yEch Ja[ kyk gSAl a?k"kksZa dh Ja[ kyk bl fy, gS fd ml esas t hus dh yydgSA nq"; Ur dqekj us , d t xg fy[ kk gS] ^ ; gk¡ rksnj [ +rksa ds l k; s esa / wi yxrh gS] pyks! ; gk¡ l s nwjdgha v kSj pysaA** bl h dks dfo us bl i zdkj dgk gS]^ pyks v v ' d nqfu; k dh gj , d egfi +Qy dksBqd jk d j ] ; gk¡ gj v kneh ' kk; n gjh i Q+s&uLysv kne gSA** i fFkd* t Sl s [ k.M dkO; esa jke ujs' kf=ki kBh us Hkh fy[ kk gS] ^ fut Zu cu gh i j e l q[ kn gSU; k; j fgr t xrh l sA** egsUnz v ' d dks ; g l al kjvusd dq#i rkvksa l s Hkjk gqvk fn[ kk; h i M+rk gSA i awt h' kkgksavkSj l kai znkf; d rkd+rksa ds xBt ksM+ i j vkØe.k djrsgq, dfo dgrk gS] ^ dqN ge i s t quwus et +gc gS]dqN rst + gS nLrs l j ek; k] nks fl Dds i Qsad ds pyoknh t c pkgh ge nhokuksa esaA** bl LFkku i j dfo dhi gq¡p cM+h l Vhd gS fd et +gc l jek; snkjksa ds gkFkksa dk, d , sl k gfFk; kj gS t ks x+jhcksa ds fnekx+ esa bl dk t +gjmrkj dj l ekt dks fi +Qjd+ksa esa ckaV dj yM+k nsrk gSvkSj v i uh i awt h dks t ks ' kks"k.k }kjk vft Zr gqbZ gksrh gSml s cpk ysrk gSA bl l s yxrk gS fd dfo ds mQi j MkW-yksfg; k] t ; i zdk' k vkSj vkpk; Z ujsUnz nso ds l ekt okndk i zHkko i M+k gS ysfdu og xk¡/ hokn l s i zHkkfor gSD; ksafd og dgrk gS] ^ el ft n esa uekt +h >we mBsat c ' ka[ k ct s cqr [ kkuksa esaA** xk¡/ h ds ckjs esa ; gh dgkx; k gS] ^ eafnj dk i qt kjh Fkk ysfdu el ft n esabcknr d j rk FkkA**

bl l ekt dh fo: i rk l s dfo cgqr ghvkgr gSA vkf[ kj ^ t +kfye&nksLr exj v i uk gh fnycgykus dks v krs gSaA** ysfdu t ks yksx nksLr cudji kl vkrs gSa os eq>s r l Yyh nsus ds ct k; esjs vkgr eudh g¡l h mM+k dj nq' eu t Sl k l q[ k i zkIr djrs gSaA ; gl ekt , sl k gS fd , d dk nq%[ k dqN yksxksa ds l q[ k dkfo"k; gks t krk gSA dfo dgrk gS fd eSa j kst + , d ubZfdrkc cu t krk gw¡ t ks nwl j ksa ds i <+us ds fy; s NksM+nsrk gw¡A bl s l e; dk i Qsj gh dguk pkfg, fd t ks yksxdy rd l Eeku nsrs Fks os yksx vkt eq> i j i RFkjfi Qadokrs gSaA ' ksdfLi ; j us ,d t xg fy[ kk gS] ^Whenit bigins love decay** ^VwVus yxrs gSa [ kqn ght c gks t krs gSa fj ' rss i qj kusA** i jUrq bl ds foi jhr , dnwl jk dfo ; g fy[ krk gS] Ôld wine, old books

and old friendS can never be forgotten**egsUnz v ' d Hkh dqN bl r jg v i uh ckr j[ krs gSa t Sl sMkW- jke euksgj yksfg; k us dgk Fkk] ^ yksx esjh ckrl qusaxs ysfdu esjs ejus ds ckn**A ^ rqe rc eq>sl fn; ksa l s uokt +ksxs ; d+huu yEgksa dh r j g t c eSaxqt +j t kmQaxk , d fnuA** : l ks ft l us l ekurk] Lora=krkvkSj ca/ qrk dk ukjk fn; k Fkk l u~ 1783 esa LoxhZ; gksx; kA l u~ 1789 easa Úkal dh Økafr ' kq: gks x; h vkSjokYVs; j us ml s Økafr dk nsork dgkA dksbZ t +: jh ughagS fd t ks O; fDr l i uk ns[ krk gks og ml dh ft +Unxh esai wjk gks t k; A ysfdu l i us esa t hou gS rks og i wjk gksrkgSA

dfo dYi uk yksd esa fopj.k gh ughadjrk gS] og ; FkkFkZ ds l kFk l aokn Hkh djrk gSA ogdgrk gS] ^ eq>s i rk ugha eSa Hkh rks v i uk nq' eugw¡A** ; g l p gS fd fdl h Hkh vkneh dk dksbZ nwl jknq' eu ugha gksrk gSA og Lo; a v i uk nq' eu gksrk gSAvi us i ru dk dkjd gksRkk gS vkSj , d fnu og Hkhl e; vkrk gS t c gj vkneh dks v i uk ; FkkFkZ fn[ kk; hnsrk gSA d+qjku dh Hkk"kk esa dgsa rks bZ' oj gh l oZO; ki d gSA dfo dgrk gS] ^ oks v kbus esa Hkh gS v kbusHkh ns[ krk gSA** vFkkZr~ ^ yk bykg bfYyykg**A , dbZ' oj ds vykok nwl jk dksbZ ugha gSA og l oZO; ki h gSA

^ eq>s ; s ns[ kd j v PNk yxk Fkk] esjhIkjNkbZ Hkh eq>l s cM+h Fkh**A l qcg vkSj ' kke dks gjO; fDr dh i jNkbZ cM+h nh[ krh gSA ogh i jNkbZ nksi gjdks NksVh gks t krh gS vkSj l w; kZLr ds ckn va/ sjs esa Mwct krh gSA bl LFky i j dfo i zÑfroknh dfo oM~Zl oFkZdh jsu cks* uke dh dfork dh ; kn fnykrk gSA^Child is the father of man** t c O; fDr cPpkgksrk gS rks i zÑfr ds vfr fudV gksrk gSA l Ppk ân;okyk gksrk gS vkSj t c cw<+k gksrk gS rks ml s bZ' oj dh; kn vkrh gSA chp dh voLFkk , sl h gksrh gS fd ogvi us dks Hkwy t krk gSA ; gh rks ek; k gSA t c O; fDr' kfDrghu gks t krk gS rks ek; k Hkh ml dk l kFk NksM+ nsrhgSA vi us nk' kZfud vankt + esa dfo dgrk gS] ^ l eUnjns[ kd j D; ksa #d x; s gks] l eUnj I; kl l s xgjk ughagSA** I; kl bruh xgjh gS fd l eUnj Hkh ml ds l keusNksVk gSA bZ' oj ds i zfr HkfDr ft ruh xgjh gksrh gS] mlHkfDr ds l keus bZ' oj NksVk gks t krk gS ysfdu ; gh rks

dfBu gS] bl hfy, bZ' oj cM+k fojkV fn[ kk; h nsrk gSA^ ; gk¡ oks ' k[ +l Hkh nq' eu gS esjk] v Hkh eSaus ft l sns[ kk ugha gS**A oM~Zl oFkZ gh fy[ kr gS] ^Theworld is toomuch with us**] i wjh nqfu; k ek; kdh pi sV esa gS] pkjksa vksj HkkSfrdrkokn dk t +ksj gSA , sl sesa vè; kRe dk l ans' k nsuk HkkSfrdokfn; ksa dks cqjk yxrkgS vkSj vut kus esa os gekjs ' k=kq cu t krs gSaA cqjkb; ksa l syM+us dk vFkZ mudk x+qLl k eksy ysuk gSA fi Qj Hkh blek; koh l al kj esa vPNkbZ dk i k[ k.M : i [ kM+k fd; kt krk gSA dqvkj dh fot ; n' keh dks dkx+t +h jko.k dki qryk t yk; k t krk gSA i qryk Hkh os gh yksx t ykrs gSat ks l ekt esa v l yh jko.k dh Hkwfedk dk fuokZg djrsgSaA dfo us bl LFky i j / kfeZd i k[ k.Mksa i j djkjk O; axi zgkj fd; k gS] ^ ft +Unk j ko. k j gs ?kwers fl i QZ i qrykt yk; k x; k**A

dfo dks u; h i h<+h ds HkVdko i j nq%[ kgksrk gSA og dgrk gS] ^ u; h uLyksa l s roD+d+ksa gesav PNh Hkh ugha] ; s oks cPps gSa t ks f[ +kner Hkh ughad j l d rs**A vkt dh i h<+h HkkSfrdrk dh cg jgh vk¡/h esa l kjh e; kZnk; sa rksM+ jgh gSaA dfo us v i us , d&, d' ksj esa , d&, d dgkuh vkSj ?kVuk dks j[ k fn; k gSA , dl sB t h us eq>l s dgk] ^t c eq>s Hkw[ k yxrh Fkh mll e; ?kj esa [ kkuk ugha FkkA i sV ugha Hkjrk FkkA vc t c[ kkuk gS vkSj i wjk ?kj Hkjk gqvk gS rks Hkw[ k gh ughayxrhA bl h dks dfo us bl r jg c; ku fd; k gS] ^ vv ' d [ +kq' kcqv ksa dh reUuk Fkh t c eq>s] l w[ kk gqv kHkh i Qwy el y d j fn; k x; kA**

dfo ds ' ksj dks i <+dj esjs eu esa , dl oky [ kM+k gksrk gS] t ks vkt dh U; kf; d O; oLFkk dksdB?kjs esa [ kM+k djrk gSA , d gR; kjk l js jkg , dO; fDr dh gR; k djrk gS] ft l s U; k; k/ h' k v i uh vk¡[ kksal s ns[ krk gSA ml gR; k dk eqd+nek ml h U; k; k/ h' k dhvnkyr esa vkrk gSA d+kfry ds fo#¼ i qfyl }kjk i zLrqrl k{; VwV t krs gSaA , sl h fLFkfr esa t t dks D; k djukpkfg, \ odhyksa us dgk] ^ l k{; ds vHkko esa t t dhet cwjh gS fd og d+kfry dks ckbT+t +r csxqukg d+jkjnsds ml s eqDr dj nsA** ^ , d Hkh ' k[ +l xokgh dks urS; kj gqv k] ' kgj esa d+Ry , d eqi +Qfyl l j s ckt +kjgqv k**A ^ eSa v i us v ki l s gkj k gqv k fl i kgh gww¡]v xj eSa t +gj u i hrk rks ej x; k gksrk**A enjbf.M; k fi QYe esa bl h ?kVuk dks egcwc [ +kku us ujfxlds ekè; e l s j[ kk Fkk] ^ ft +Unxh xj t +gj gS rks i hukgh i M+sxk] g¡l &g¡l ds nqfu; k esa t huk gh i M+sxk**AêSa v k¡l qv ksa l s ot +q d jds ' ksj dgrk gw¡] fd l h dkx+e Hkh t +: j h gS ' kk; j h ds fy; s**A ^ fo; ksxh gksxki gyk d fo v kg l s mi t k gksxk xkuA meM+djv k¡[ kksa l s pqi pki cgh gksxh d fork v ut kuA**vkgr eu l s gh dfork dh / kjk i QwVdj cgrh gSA

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