Paper House of Composting Rungkut Bratang-edit Trans

7/30/2019 Paper House of Composting Rungkut Bratang-edit Trans

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Study Case of Key Aspect Influencing the Success and Failure Factors of

Rungkut Bratang Composting HouseSurveyor: Denisa Diviana*

*Undergraduate Students of Environmental Engineering,ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung, 40132, Indonesia

email : [email protected]

Abstract

Land limitation for storaging final disposal waste, conventional waste processing unit, and rapid gowth

of human population resulting more incoming volume of disposal waste become a major reason that

causing problem at waste management handling. Composting house is one of the waste processing unitthat had been established to solve the waste problem. One of the composting house in Surabaya is

composting house Rungkut Bratang that have processed most of organic waste in Surabaya especially

for leaves waste and rind. In Composting House Rungkut Bratang, compostition of municipal waste

which involved in composting process reach 66% from total amount municipal solid. Total amount

compost produced in once process is 9 m3

in one day. This research was done because not all

composting house could be survival. So this research is a study case of key aspect that influencing the

success and failure factor of Composting house Rungkut Bratang, consists of not only good technicalaspect in handling waste, but also non-technical aspect such as legality, policy, rules, subsidy, and good

planning. According to the technical and non technical analysist, this composting house could be

identified as survival composting house in Surabaya.

Keyword: waste management handling, Rungkut Bratang composting house, Key aspect of Composting

House, survival.

Introduction

Basically, waste is one of disposal substance which produce no profit, wasteful, and

moreover causing negative impact to economic value. This condition is based on the factthat to handle it, the stakeholder need to expense high cost. But this paradigm which

thought that waste is something useless must be deleted from our mind. In order to make

wastebecome something useful and doesnt caused disaster, we must make a concept how

to manage them. This system must be effective and using eco safety life style.

According to UU 18/2008, The Government of Surabaya could regulate a district

regulation which can support the implementation in managing waste, from the resource of

waste until final disposal. With this new regulation, final disposal doesnt have acronym as

final throwing place, but must become the place to manage waste. Before carrying waste to

final disposal, this waste must be disaggregated. When the waste arrived in final disposal,

waste still have to be separated until all waste reduced down to minimal volume. Referredto UU 18/2008 about waste management which applied in Surabaya, mindset of final

disposal in Surabaya would be totally changed from old paradigm about collect-carry-

throw into new 3R principal. 3R means reduce, reuse and recycle. The important substance

of UU 18/2008 is to making the change of the waste exile system into waste management

system by the Government. One of the simple waste management is composting.

Composting is a process which converted the municipal solid organic material to become

stabil product under environmental controlled. In composting process, there will be

biology activity which be done by microorganism. This activity included decomposting of

cellulose, hemicelluloses, fatty, wax and others to become carbon dioxide (CO2) and water

(Mekel, 1981). In this composting process, the ratio of C and N is an important rule

because microorganisms need nitrogen to synthesis protein and carbon for their growth.

The optimum ratio C/N for effective and efficient composting process is between 26 and
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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35. If the ratio under 26, it caused nitrogen loss which producing ammonia gas but if the

ratio more 35, it will cause the composting process spent long time (Poincelot, 1972).

The natural composting process will spend more time, but this process could be speed up

by adding microorganism such as EM4 (Effective Microorganism 4), which is the

combination of beneficial microorganisms especially photosynthesis bacterial, lactate acid

bacterial, yeast, actinomycetes and fermentation fungus which can be used as inoculantsfor increasing amount of beneficial microorganisms in soil. (APNAN, 1995). In

composting process, EM4 actively fermented organic material that will produce bioactive

compost or compost which produced by lignoselulolitic microba which could survive in

compost and has a role as biological agent to controll cultivation disease when this

compost placed in soil.

According to above explanation, in order to stabilize this composting process, it is essential

to analyze several aspects that influenced. Because the successful and failure aspect at the

composting process not only caused by biological process, but also several non technical

aspects such as policy, legality, subsidy, rules and planning aspect. Then, this research

will analyze the key aspect that influence the success or failure factor of compostingactivity in House Rungkut Bratang Surabaya.

Methodology

The research procedures which applied in the analysis study of success and failure factor in

Composting house Bratang Surabaya can be explained as belows:

a). The systhematic research is applied to compile fact in various composting area locatedin surrounding East Java such as Surabaya, Sidoarjo and Desa Mulyo Agung Malang.

This research begins from investigation of how the composting centre was established.

Several aspects which have been considered as main point to support the sustainabilityof composting center are:

Techincal aspect Non technical aspect such as :

o Policyo Subsidyo Legallityo Ruleso Planning

Based on the analysist of those important aspects, the composting centre could be

catagorized as survival or development unit.

b). Research including secunder data study and primary data observation. Secunder datastudy involving : literature study (international publication), regulation study,

laboratorium analysist study. Primary data observation including : observation and

interview with composting organizer and officer.

Discussion

Research AreaThis interview was done in House Rungkut Bratang Surabaya. This location was chosen

based on the fact that this House is organized by Government, especially Dinas Kebersihan

dan Pertamanan (DKP) Surabaya. Compost which is produced from this House RungkutBratang Surabaya is used for public garden in Surabaya. This House is not the same as like

other which using business oriented.


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Figure 1. Picture of Name Plate House Rungkut Bratang

The route from Surabaya to Rungkut Bratang area :

Source: https://maps.google.com/

Interview Questions Structure

In this interview, there are several point to be asked, which are :

Overview of the composting facility (date/year established, location, area,population, total amount of waste covered, any specific reasons to start, who

initiated, planning and construction of composting facility, selection of suitable

land)

Describe the physical process (explaining technology applied), such as: wastecollection, contaminant separation, sizing and mixing, and biological

decompostition, moisture control, screening, storaging and bagging

Overview of daily operation and management (management style i.e. localauthority, CBO, NGO, Private Sector or any public/private partnership, number of

staff i.e. management and workers, staff s health and safety measures, trouble

shooting) Key aspects of compostt quality assurance and composting resources


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Marketing and use of compostt (assessment of potential customers, marketingstrategies, barriers)

Cost-benefits analysis (details of unit cost and unit income for operation andmanagement, capital cost for land, building and machinery, any subsidy, fiscal

support or incentives from the central, provincial or local governments)

Other environmental and social benefits and GHG reduction potential. Identify non technical aspect such as policy, rules, subsidy, planning, and legallity

Informant

Name of Informant : M. Toha

Informant Job Position : Controller/ Coordinator

Informant Education : STM

Informant Experience : Vermic composting, participate in composting research in

Lembang and waste management in Keputih, participate in

waste management training in Bekasi

Figure 2. Surveyor team with informant

Description about Composting House of Rungkut Bratang

House Rungkut Bratang Surabaya is one of the composting house organized by Surabaya

Office of Landscaping and Groundskeeping (DKP Surabaya) established since 1996. This

composting house has two zones, the selection zone (to separate leaf and twig) and thecomposting zone (started from crushing process until producing desired compost).

According to data from DKP and Government of Surabaya, there are 16 composting house

which processing town solid waste to produce compost, one of them is composting house

located in Rungkut Bratang near from final waste disposal Bratang (TPS Bratang).


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Figure 3. Front Door of Composting House of Rungkut Bratang

The reason why this composting house established is as one of the project of PLP (Healthof Environmental Settlement) which goals are going to reduce municipal solid waste

volume, reduce environmental pollution and regenerate public garden in Surabaya. Not

only that, because of difficulties in finding land space for storaging final disposal, The

Government of Surabaya established this centre of municipal solid waste processing which

produced compost product. This house is organized by Surabaya Office of Landscaping

and Groundskeeping (DKP) and Government in order to make urban community has a role

as executor of this policy.

Basically, this composting house has the goal as a sample model for East Indonesian, then

widely spread to all region of Indoesia to trigged them to make typical composting house.

Before this composting house established, DKP has conducted training which held in

Wiyung Sidoarjo. The land of this composting house was given by DKP. DKP choosed

this location as composting house because Rungkut is located in the industry area. This

industry area need such a public garden like this composting house to anticipate air

pollution caused by industrial activity.

Technical Aspect Analysist

Physical Process

Selection ProcessAt the begining, the compostition of municipal solid waste sourced from urban communitycontain 60% material organic waste and 40% material anorganic waste. But, sooner

material organic waste was decreased and finally caused the composting process become

longer. So that as one of the solution for this problem, waste incoming system to become

compost will be changed. Finally, municipal solid waste which are permitted to involve theprocess composting are waste from cutting tree, waste from street litterand waste from jam

factory which produced rind. The transportation process divided into : waste from cutting

tree are carried by DKP truck and from street litter is distributed directly to composting

house Bratang.

In this process, there is no significant selection process, just choosed by group of their

material such as paper, plastic and bottle waste, organic waste and recidual waste. Paper,

plastic, bottle waste will be sold and then recycled to make handicraft. Recidual waste will

be distributed to final disposal process at Bratang. Compostition of municipal waste which

involved in composting process reach 66% from total amount municipal solid. In fact, this


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separated process is done manually in location composting house and doesnt use modern

technology such as conveyer belt. But this process is categorized as efficient process and

could minimized mixing waste. The classification of municipal solid waste which could be

involved in composting process are leaf waste and rind from jam factory, while big and

small branches will be sold to be used as fuel or fire wood.

The classification of municipal solid waste in Composting house Rungkut Bratang :

Figure 4. Leaf waste and branch produced from cutting tree

Figure 5. Stack of branch which will be used for fuel or firewood

Figure 6. Plastic bottle waste


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Figure 7. Paper, cardboard and glass bottle waste

Figure 8. Wrapping plastic and tetrapack waste

Crushing ProcessBesides separated process, there is crushing process which use crusher with power source

from solar. There is no specified sizing required from this process. The goal from this

process is reducing size of the municipal solid waste, because if municipal solid waste

become smaller, the surface contact between bacterial and material organic become bigger

so the decompostition process will become faster.

But if the diameter of material from crushing process is too small, the condition will be

changed to become anaerob condition due to smaller aerial space. The best diameter is

between 25 and 75 mm. When mixing process happened, there is also biology process, but

in this process there is not additional bacteria included such as EM4. There is just pouring

the mixed material by leachate in order to growth bacterial manually. Bacterial which

produced by that leachate is kind of mesophilia and thermophilia bacterial. Then this

bacterial decomposte material organic from organic waste stack which will become

compost.


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Figure 9. Leachate water reservoir which produced by solid waste

Figure 10. The mixing process which happened after pouring with leachate water

Cumul ation ProcessThe next process is cumulation. This process spends time about 2 until 3 days which gets

treatment by decomposted and reversed it once with stack height 1,5 m, stack length 2 m

and stack width 1,75 m. In this process, we need reversal in order to get oxygen and reduce

stink. Reversal process is done by using wooden stick orhoe. During the cumulation process, there is moisture controlled process which is done by

sprinkling. There is no specified frequency to control moisture content. But, if the

temperature controll over 600C, it means the stack is lack of moisture content so the

sprinkling process must be done. Temperature above 600C is not allowed. This controll is

done intensively during first week. After several weeks later, the stack temperature will be

stable.


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Figure 11. Cumulation is done well organized

Figure 12. Canal which flows leachate from stack solid waste to the reservoir

Figure 13. Vapour produced as one of the sign that the biology activity occured in

cumulation process


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ScreeningAfter compost is ready, the next process is screening. Screening is just done by order.

Screening process is not required in compost product for public garden. Compost product

is carried by DKP truck to the public garden in Surabaya. Ibu PKK is one of the

consument which order screened compost. Actually, there is an influence of this screening

process to the solubility of the compost. Because if the compost is screened, the

compostition of compost will faster to soluble in soil. But, because of space land and timelimitation, the compost product is directly carried out by DKP truck to the public garden.

This is quick process also essential for preventing compost stack mounting in composting

house.

Picture 14. Compost stack and screening mesin

StoragingIn this composting house Rungkut Bratang there is no specific place for storaging because

after the compost is ready, it will directly carry-out by DKP truck to distribute in public

garden. Total amount compost produced in once process is 9 m3 in one day. So if we

calculate the time, we need 20 days start from cumulation process until get compost

product (with reversal process done oftenly). But if reversal process is done only in 2-3

days, the composting process will spent time more than 20 days

Figure 15. There is no specific place for storaging, only cumulated it


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One of the samples of compost utilization is located in public garden behind of composting

house. Commonly, the ratio compost and soil in wet soil or clay is 1:1, but for dry soil the

ratio is 1:4.

Figure 17. One of compost utilization located at behind of composting house

Figure 18. Utilization of compost in wet soil at ratio 1:1


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The following steps composting :

Picture 16. Chart of Composting Process

IMPORTINGWASTE TO UPTD

INTEGRATED

OF QUALITY

RECORDING

TEMPERATURE

AND HUMIDITY

CONTROL

RESIDUALTRANSPORT FROM

UDPK

FILTERING

PACKAGING AND

FILTERING

MATURATION

RELEASE AND

INSTALLATION OFTUNNEL

WATERING

REVERSAL

MAKING HEAPS

SORTING


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Applied Technology

The technology is used in the composting process at Rungkut Bratang composting house is

using simple machines, as in the process of transporting used trucks of DKP.

Specifications of the truck in general are large, as shown below:

Figure 19. Cutting of Trees Trucks Transporting

In addition to the transport process, it takes the machine for crushing the garbage. The

specifications of this Chrusher have knives in general and get power from diesel fuel.

Diameter resulting from the enumeration process which ranges from 25-75 mm.

Figure 20. Crusher

Figure 21. Crusher Blade on The Machine


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Besides the enumeration process, the machine also needed to filter or screening machines.

The machine is still running well, because it is not operational everyday. Screening

machine is used when the demand. Compost of public garden does not need screening

process.

Figure 22. Screening Machine

There is no special treatment for operation and maintenance of the machines, just

preventing damage to these machines in accordance with the operational capacity of its

work. According to Mr. Toha the Coordinator Field House compost, if the machine is

damaged, there are technician who came to fix the machines. For every operational

procedure, introduced a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) by the city government.

Identify The Type of Composting

Composting is a process of decomposition organic material solid waste (garbage)

biologically, under control conditions of the process. Compost incorrect when called asfertilizer, although also known as organic fertilizer, because it contains nutrients will

depending on the characteristics of the raw material. Therefore municipal solid waste is

very heterogeneous characteristics and fluctuation then the quality will follow the

characteristics of the waste used as compost any time. (Damanhuri and Padmi, 2010)

Analysis of composting in the Composting house of Rungkut Bratang based on the

availability of oxygen is said that in the aerobic composting process using oxygen (air). If

based on the temperature, the type of thermophilic composting occurs at temperatures

above 40oC are ongoing. While based on the technology used is happening at home

composting composting is traditional (natural) that is by stacking and biological processes

that occur aided by the activity of microorganisms generated from waste leachate.

According to informants, the reason for the compost is likely to choose the type of aerobic

composting because it does not cause odors and disturbing residents, composting times

faster and affordable, high-temperature manufacturing process to generate steam that can

kill pathogenic bacteria so that the compost produced more hygienic.

Based on the literature, the characteristic of aerobic composting is not cause odor. Thereaction is exothermic formation of compost, need outside energy, heat is generated. The

final product is produced in the form of humus, and gases such as CO2 and H2O. Reduction

of waste volume can reach over 50% by the duration the composting process reaches 20-30days. The main purpose of aerobic composting is a volume reduction of waste. While the

side objective is the production of compost


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Compost QualityThe final result shaped of bulk compost quality. Good compost color is blackish brown,

yellowish whereas if compost means that conditions are not ideal. The picture of an ideal

compost as below:

Figure 23. Compost Sample Color is Blackish-Brown

Besides in terms of physical, laboratory tests should be done about the quality of the

compost, because the compost quality testing can determine the success of the compost

market. Although the Bratang Composting house is not based on the business, but still it is

necessary to test the quality. The quality testing may include nutrients test contained in the

fertilizer and the content of the elements and heavy metals. Compost quality standard

refers to the standard of laboratory test results. The resulting compost qualities standards

are eligible and have examined include heavy metals Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Zn, Cu. As for testing

the quality of compost is sourced from ITS Environmental Engineering and the Directorate

General of PPM and PLP. The sampling period with an old one-time research done during

one month. Following the Data of compost laboratory testing analysis of elements and

heavy metal:

DATA ANALISA KOMPOS

Parameter Unit Hasil Analisa Metode Analisa

Nitrogen %N 3,265 Kjeldahl

Phosphor %P 0,368 Spektofotometri

Kalium %K 0,921 Flamefotometri


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Figure 24. Percentage Diagram Analysis of Inorganic Substances in Compost Ingredients

Sources: Environmental Engineering Laboratory Faculty of Environmental Engineering

Department of Civil Engineering and Planning Institute of Technology Sepuluh Nopember

(May 18, 2006)

DATA UJI UNSUR DAN LOGAM BERAT

No. Parameter SatuanNomor Lab

Keterangan36.50 36.51

1. Ph - 7,5 7,5 -

2. Bahan Organik % 11,52 13,81 -

3. N-Total % 722,6 342,6 -4. Ca mEq/100gr 18,20 22,64 -

5. Mg mEq/100gr 10,21 17,99 -

6. P mEq/100gr 38,03 33,76 -

7. K mEq/100gr 0,62 0,73 -

8. KTK mEq/100gr 36,46 43,80 -

Logam-Logam

9. Pb ppm 45,6 56,38 -

10. Cd ppm 0,56 0,88 -

11. Cr ppm 4,34 21,76 -

12. Ni ppm 8,0 14,14 -

13. Zn ppm 158 172,48 -

14 Fe ppm 714,2 332,1 -

15. Cu ppm 43,36 74,0 -

Nitrogen

72%

Phosporous

8%

Pottasium

20%

Percentage Diagram Analysis of Inorganic

Substances in Compost Ingredients


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Figure 25. Diagram of Test Result Elements and Heavy Metals in Compost

Sources: Chemistry-Physics Laboratory Institute of Environmental Health Engineering in

Surabaya (October 8, 1997)

Information :Lab 36.50 coarse compost samples

Lab 36.51 smooth compost samples

Operation and Management

The solid waste which is distribute to composting house is 10 m3 and will be produce as

compost is 9 m3/day. The amount of labor needed everyday is 8 people and they include

permanent workforce, contracts, and daily. They are the residents who live around the

home composting. Workforce management system is to apply compost at home every a

month there are 3 days off, time off was released to the workforce. The division of labor is

the process compost 4-5 people, 3 people in charge of picking and choosing the solidwaste.

To support the health and safety of workers, this composting house applied the SMK3 that

one application form SMK3 is given PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) for workers.

Unfortunately, the use of PPE is less realized because the labor is uncomfortable using the

PPE. The labour starts work at 07.00 until 16.00, with a one-hour rest period, bringing the

total active working duration is 8 hours. This is in accordance with the maximum capacity

of the working hours is 8 hours. Obligation to work 8 hours a day would be comparable to

his salary is above the regional minimum wage of Surabaya

Composting house is a form of cooperation with the local government that forms ofcooperation in land, construction, equipment to budget for the purposes of home

composting is provided by the government. Composting house is a form of joint

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Diagram of Test Result Elements and Heavy

Metals in Compost

Lab 36.5

Lab 36.51


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cooperation between the government and governmental organizations. All affairs related to

the management of home compost is under the management of the government, but society

is to be the executor.

The success of a compostimg house was never apart of the problem. An institution can be a

success when the institution can resolve the issue at hand. This applied also by Bratang

composting house which be a part of solving this problem, the number of members 2people in charge of handling the problem of damaged equipment. Besides producing

compost, this composting house is also often a means of education for the students and

even college students. This composting house is often visited by schools, universities or

institutions, because there is a demonstration biogas system, compost solid, liquid compost

and utilization of inorganic waste such as bottles that decorated a flower pot hanging.

The Key to Success Affecting Compost Quality

At this time, the selected waste system in this composting house is stable by focusing on

homogeneous waste so that it can support the success of the process of composting.

Homogeneity of the sorting process carried out on different types, though there is nospecial system that supplies fixed amount of waste entering accordance with the process of

compost production targeted. All organic waste that directly processed and made into

compost. Standard waste for composting material is a homogeneous organic wastes in

particular simply leaves. The things that usually affect the quality of compost produced is

as follows :

1. Raw materials are composted2. Reversal process (including oxygen)3. Watering leachate4. Temperature5. The water content

Based on the description above, the composted material could determine the success of the

composting process. Materials Composting: is it easy decompose or difficult to

biodegradable, such as the more wood content or lignin-containing material, it will be

more difficult to biodegradable. In addition to raw materials, the key to success lies also in

the process of composting. The process of reversal is one of the types of processes that can

determine the quantity of oxygen available. In aerobic processes have always required the

presence of oxygen. In the conventional process, the supply of oxygen carried by the

reversal of a pile of garbage. Reversal causes the distribution of litter and microorganisms

will be more evenly distributed. In traditional composting, oxygen availability will be

influenced stack height. Good stack height is 1.25 - 2 m.

The next process is provision of leachate, its seems like watering leachate. Watering is

intended as an activator of the microorganisms. Biological processes not be separated from

the activities of microorganisms. Of course, the role of microorganisms in the composting

process are bacteria, yeast, fungi according to the material to be described will be able to

decipher organic material, not pathogenic microorganisms. To maintain the quality of

compost, the water content should always be considered. According to the literature, the

compost pile should always be moist, usually around 50-60% value. (Damanhuri and

Padmi, 2010).

If low humidity can cause the water to evaporate, so the pile is dry. But when it is too wet,the pores pile will fill with water, and oxygen is reduced so that the process turned out to

be anaerobic. Stockpiles will smoke when the heat began to appear. At that time the center


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of the stack can be dry, and the decay process can be interrupted. Humidity factor is never

apart from temperature, to the temperature must be maintained to keep it under the state

reaches 60-65 Cwater levels (humidity) 50% so that the bacteria formed manually. Heat

formed in addition to killing pathogens also assist in the repair and drying slowly

(Damanhuri and Padmi, 2010). But according to resource the most important of a process

of composting is to do everything according to procedure, does not accumulate of residues,

and reducing fly so as not to cause odor.

Figure 26. Temperatures Reached From This Pile of Steaming Hot Pose

Analysis of Non-Technical Aspects

Rungkut Bratang composting house is one composting house managed by the City directly.

The establishment of the compost is of course already received official approval from both

the City and the people. The agreement of all parties will realize synergies and efforts to

support each other. This condition is quite affecting sustainability activities in the

composting house, primarily for financial affairs. As a project management bygovernment, of the operating cost of sustainability has been budgeted composting activities

planned and subsidized by the government. As a government project management, of the

operating cost of sustainability of composting activity has been planned and budgeted

subsidized by the government. Although the realization of the government's financial

problems the city is not always run smoothly, because government-subsidized funds are

limited, while operating costs were not a little because there are unexpected planned things

happen as real damage on the machines that are used for composting.

As with ownership by private parties. The private sector tends to be more prompt in

addressing the garbage problem directly. The involvement of the private sector in waste

management would be more credible will be able to create efficient than government

because the private sector over using the business reference in the management and can

focus on the completion of the poor performance and low productivity. Technically, the

private sector is more responsive in addressing the problem because they tend to be

business oriented. While composting house is managed by the government, not business

oriented, because the main target of the composting activity here is to reduce urban waste

and green garden city, Surabaya

In addition to the business regardless of the orientation, the ownership of the government

was more concentrated on the issue of bureaucracy, rules and policy. With the Law

18/2008, Surabaya City Government can design local regulations to support theimplementation of waste management, from the source of the waste to at the landfill and

then processed again to be a product, one of which is composting house. City Government


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and DKP as the manager has the aspect of rules as a reference for the activities in the home

composting is still running accordance with Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). This is

to support the process of composting at composting house can be run regularly.

For the success and existence of composting house, it is necessary to aspects of planning.

As for long-term planning that is being designed by the Surabaya city government is

utilizing gas generated from the composting process so that composting house canimplement zero waste system.

Marketing and Analysis of Costs and Benefits

Composting Product resulting from Bratang composting house is not marketed to business

goals but earmarked for city parks ordered by DKP or incidental ordered by Mrs. PKK

(though not the consumer anyway) as the surrounding communities of home composting

Bratang. When viewed from the development goals composting house is not business

oriented so there is no profit-taking. Besides discussing the benefits, did not escape

discussion about the costs required to initiate this Bratang home composting. But

unfortunately written report can not be given because of all the inputs and outputs financesuch as costs the income and expenditure is managed by the City Government.

Other Environmental Social Benefit and Green House Gas Reduction Potential

Composting process has been done in the home compost produced any leachate from the

waste. Leachate is indeed the cause of the smell that pollutes the environment nearby area

composting. But there is a way that can be done to control the smell, flies and maggots, by

way of flow of leachate into the leachate shelter through existing channels in any compost

pile. This leachate will be collected and used as an activator for the biological processes

that occur during the composting process

Regardless of leachate generated from the waste, from the process of composting activity

is generated ammonia gas which can potentially lead to the greenhouse gas effect. So far

there has been no direct handling of the gases that are produced. However, composting

house is proposing planning to utilize the gas produced from the composting process.

The perceived benefits in terms of environmental and social besides reducing the volume

of waste, are:

1. Utilizing the results of logging2. Support the greening of the city of Surabaya3. Extending the life of TPA because reducing the amount of waste that goes to TPA

While the environmental and social impacts caused by composting process is environment

to be clean and green look. The community did not mind to the existence of composting

house is because besides getting compost for free, they can also feel that the green city of

Surabaya.


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Figure 27. Compost Utilization for City Park and Playground

Figure 28. The compost is used residents to plant in pots

Conclusion

Based on the research that has been conducted in the city of Surabaya and surrounding

areas, it can be concluded that the Rungkut Bratang Composting House is one of the

composting house which is classified as survival and succees unit. The process include an

aerobic composting. This process does not disturb citizens because this process doesnt

cause odors, spends short duration and affordable, high-temperature manufacturing process

to generate steam could exterminate pathogenic bacteria so that the compost produced

more hygienic. So from identifying the technical aspect which is the process of makingcompost at Rungkut Bratang composting houses begins with sorting through the storage

process has been carried out with the appropriate provisions. Apart from the technical

aspects of composting, success is also influenced by non-technical aspects. Non-technical

aspects can be identified from the legality of the composting house owned it. Rungkut

Bratang Composting House is categorized as legal house because all the activities in the

composting house is under management by DKP and The Government of Surabaya, so that

problems such as bureaucracy more easily resolved. The main target of this activity is to

reduce municipal solid waste and increase the greening of public garden. Surabaya is an

inspires support from the people who carry out and support the sustainability of the

activities in the composting house. Similarly, financial problems, with the aspect of

subsidy, the draft operating budget for home composting is already planned. With the legalaspect, there are certainly aspects of the policy that may be supporting the success of the

Bratang home composting. Aspects of this policy can be achieved by the UU 18/2008. In


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addition, the City and DKP as the manager certainly has aspects of rules as a reference for

the activities in the home composting is still running accordance with Standard Operating

Procedure (SOP). This is to support the process of composting at composting house is run

in an orderly. After the issuance of UU 18/2008, Surabaya City Government can design

local regulations to support the implementation of waste management, from the source of

the waste to at the landfill which is then processed into a product such as the one compost.

For success and esksistensi this composting house, it is necessary to aspects of planning.As for long-term planning that is being designed by the government's use of gas generated

from the composting process so that composting house can implement zero waste system.

According to the analysis above, this Rungkut Bratang Composting house survive and

succeed because of the technical and non-technical aspects are supported by the synergy

between the government and the people of Surabaya as the executor.

Reference

Merkel,J.A. 1981.Managing Livestock Wastes. AVI Publishing Company.

Inc.Westport.Connecticut.

Damanhuri, E. and Tri Padmi :Diktat Kuliah Sampah TL-3104, Teknik Lingkungan, ITB,Edisi 4 Semester I 2010/2011

APNAN, 1995. EM4 Application Manual for APNAN Countries.1st ed. Asia Pacific

Natural Agriculture Network.

Poincelot, R. P. 1972. The Biochemistry and Mrthodology Of Composting. The

Connection Agricultural Experiment Station.

Laboratorium Teknik Lingkungan Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan

Perencanaan Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (18 Mei 2006)

Laboratorium Kimia-Fisika Balai Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan Kota Surabaya (8

Oktober 1997)

Documents

Paper House of Composting Rungkut Bratang-edit Trans